2021年暑期课程-9年级-英语-第1讲教案

                                              学生姓名：

                                              上课日期：

1. 现在完成的概念；
2. 现在完成的句式转换和用法

1、现在完成时：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态，强调的是现在的情况，常用for和since表示一段时间的状语或so far，now，today，this week (month，year)等表示包括现在时间在内的状语。不能和表示过去的时间状语连用（如：in 1990，last Sunday 等）。例如：　　　

 He has studied English for 5 years.

　　　 He has studied English since 2001.

　　　 Now I have finished the work.

注意：表过去某一时间发生的动作或状态一直延续到现在（强调现在），动作或状态一般是延续性的，因此要用表延续性的动词或表状态的动词。表示短暂时间动作的词，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成时不能与for，since等表示一段时间的词连用。也不能用于how long引导的疑问句中。

如不能说：He has borrowed the book for two months.(ⅹ)

但可以说：He has kept the book for 2 months.

或：It has been 2 months since he borrowed the book.

或：Two months has passed since he borrowed the book.

这些瞬间动词常与它对应的可以表示时间段的词语进行互换。

become—be            borrow—keep      buy—have

begin (start)—be on    open—be open      die—be dead  

leave--be away             come--be here/in    go out—be out

join--be a member/be in     begin to study--study

注明：非延续性动词在否定结构中可用于现在完成时态：

I haven’t bought anything for two days.

2、现在完成时的结构：have / has + 过去分词

   否定结构：haven’t / hasn’t + 过去分词

一般疑问句中：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词

3、一般过去时：一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系（即动作或状态在现在已经结束），它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。

现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：

现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去，但它的影响现在还存在；而一般过去时表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系。
　　I have just been to London. I went there last month. 我刚去过伦敦，是上个月去的。
　　1. 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。　
　　2. 过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
　　一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语共同的时间状语:
　　this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
　　现在完成时的时间状语
　　for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
　　3.现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.　
　过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
　　举例：
　　I saw this film yesterday. 　　 （强调看的动作发生过了。）
　　I have seen this film.　 　　　 （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）　　
　　Why did you get up so early? 　 （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
　　Who hasn't handed in his paper? （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
　　She has returned from Paris. 　　她已从巴黎回来了。
　　She returned yesterday.　 　　 　她是昨天回来了。
　　He has been in the League for three years. 　　(在团内的状态可延续)
　　He has been a League member for three years. 　(是团员的状态可持续)
　　He joined the League three years ago. 　　　　　( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
　　I have finished my homework now.　
　　---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
　　---He's already been sent for.
　　句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
　　（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
　　（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

二、动词的过去分词的规则变化

　1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：

  (1）、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。

　　work---worked---worked,visit---visited---visited

(2）、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。

　　live---lived---lived,

(3）、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为 "i" ，再加“ ed ”。

　　study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried

(4）、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。

stop---stopped---stopped,drop---dropped--dropped

2、不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词巧记规律：

AAA：cost-cost-cost                   read-read-read

put-put-put                      cut-cut-cut

let-let-let                      set-set-set

beat-beat-beat                  hit-hit-hit                              

hurt-hurt-hurt                   spit-spit-spit                         

rid-rid-rid

注：原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词，结尾字母一般是t或d。

特殊：动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致，read-read-read，但发音分别是[ri:d]-[red]-[red]。

ABA（含规则动词）：有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的:

run-ran-run                                   come-came-come    

become-became-become                       overcome-overcame-overcome

ABB（含规则动词）：1.另有一些其它形式的变化。

have (has)-had-had                         leave-left-left

lose-lost-lost                                   make-made-made

feel-felt-felt                                     spell-spelt-spelt

stand-stood-stood

2. 改变单词中间元音字母。

sit-sat-sat (babysit)                         win-won-won

shine-shone-shone                          hold-held-held

find-found-found                            hear-heard-heard

hang-hung (hanged)-hung (hanged)

ABC：有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en，变成以en结尾的单词。                  

take-took-taken                 give-gave-given

fall-fell-fallen                    eat-ate-eaten
write-wrote-written           speak-spoke-spoken

freeze-froze-frozen            ride-rode-ridden

get-got-gotten (got)   forget-forgot-forgotten (forgot)

特殊：

am/is-was-been         are-were-been,

do (does)-did-done    go-went-gone

see-saw-seen             show-showed-shown (showed)

lie-lay (lied)-lain (lied)

三、重难点词汇精讲

1. Have you ever been to an amusement park?

         have been to ...

have been to + 地点：去过某地（已回）

have been to表示“到(去)过某处”，现在已不在那个地方。

　　　 如：He has been to England．　　　 他曾到过英国。(现在已经不在英国了)

 Have you ever been to the Great Wall？　　　 你到过长城吗?（现在已经不在长城上）

         have gone to + 地点：去了某地（未回）

have gone to表示“去了某处”，“到某处去了”，现在已不在说话的地点了。

　　　 如：He has gone to England。

　　　 他已去英国了。(已经不在说话的地方，到达英国或者在去英国的路上)　 　　

2、   ever, never, already, yet, still

1)  ever常用于否定句、疑问句中。

        ever常用于现在完成时中。

        ever用于强化比较级和最高级。

    What's the best gift you have ever received?

        ever since：自那时起

The shop has been open ever since.

forever：永远的（地）

2）★never：从不

   -Have you ever been to an amusement park?

   -No, never.

   ★already：已经（肯）

-- yet：已经，还（否、疑）

   He has already been to Beijing twice.

   He hasn't been to Beijing yet.

   --Have you been to Beijing yet?

   --No, not yet.

   ★still：仍然，还；常用于肯定句中

3、neither

   (1) Neither Jenny nor I own a car.

   (2) Leon neither drinks nor smokes.

   (3) My husband doesn’t want to see a            

        movie tonight, and neither do I.

   (4) A: Which of the dresses did you like?

         B: Neither of them.

   (5) A:  I haven’t seen that movie.   

      B:   I haven’t ，either. 

 ( Neither have I. )  (  Me, neither     )

注意：neither作主语时，通常被视为单数，但有复数意义。

        neither... nor ...；either ... or ...；not only ..., but also ...连接两个并列结构,句型中使用就近原则，both ... and ...句型中，谓语动词用复数形式。

--I don't like this dress.

--Neither do I. -- 我也不喜欢。(I don't like this dress, either)

I haven’t been to an amusement park.

Me, neither.(对应：Me, too.)

 =I haven't been to an amusement park, either.(not... either = neither)

  =Neither have I.

If you can't solve it, neither can he. (He can't solve it, either.)

I am not interested in it, neither is he. (He is not interested in it, either.)

练：If you don't help me, neither ___ others.

4、neither, nor, so引导的倒装句：

1)  句式：

        Neither/Nor/So  + 助动词/be动词/情态动词 + 主语. 表示“...也/也不”。

Neither do I. = Nor do I. --我也不。

So do I. --我也是。

        So + 主语 + 助动词/be动词/情态动词. 表“确实如此”，用于同意上文中的对方的观点。

-- It is a nice day.

-- So it is. --它确实是个好天气。

一、单项选择。

1．I_______  a letter from him since he left．

 A．didn't receive B．haven't got C．didn't have D．haven't heard

2．—Where have you _______ these days？ —I have_____ to Dazhu with my friends.

A．been；gone B．been；been C．gone；been D．gone；gone

3．How long have you _______ this book？

A．bought B．borrowed C．had D．lent

4．—Where's Peter？ —He _______ to Nanjing．

 A．is going B．has been C．has gone D．went

5．You've never seen such a wonderful film before，_______ ？

A．haven't you B．have you C．do you D．don't you

6．We have lived here _______ five years ago．

 A．when B．since C．before D．after

7．—How do you like Beijing，Mr Black？

 —Oh，I _______ such a beautiful city．

A．don't visit B．didn't visit C．haven't visited D．hadn't visited

8．The old people _______ lonely at all since we began to visit them once a week．

A．don't feel B．hasn't felt C．haven't felt D．didn't feel

9．My grandfather_______  in the small town all his life．He always says he likes the town． A．lived B．have lived C．has lived D．is living

10．Miss Brown _______ to the Great Wall twice．

 A．have been B．has been C．have gone D．has gone

11．His brother has been to Stone Forest twice _______ he came to Yunnan.

A．after B．before C．since D．for

12．—Have you ever_______  to Haikou？

—Yes，I_______  there with my family last August．

 A．gone；went B．been；went  C．been；went to D．been；was in

13．His sister _______ her hometown for three years． She'll return next year．

 A．left B．has left  C．has been away D．has been away from

小试牛刀

一、用所给的正确形式填空

1. He ________ ever _________ (be) to the History Museum several times.

2. --- ________ you ever __________ (be) to the zoo?

    --- Yes. I ______(go) there last summer. I ______ (see) many kinds of animals there.

3. --- Where is Mr. Wang?

    --- He                            (go) to the library. He wants to borrow some library books.

4. Rodgers                     (plant) those trees. He _______ (do) it the day before yesterday.

5. We                           (learn) English for more than two years.

二、翻译下列句子。

1. —我从来没有去过游乐场。你呢？　—我也没有。

—I have _________________ to an amusement park. __________________ you? 

—_____________________________ I.

2. 以前我从来没读过这么好笑的故事。

I _____________ never ______________ a funny story like ___________________.

3. 你曾经和你的同桌争吵过吗？

_________________ you ever ____________________________ your deskmate?

4. 你为什么想去讲英语的国家工作？

____________ do you want to __________ in an _____________

三、单项选择

1、   He_______ to Canada, so you can’t see him recently.

A have been to  B have gone to  C has been to  D has gone to

2、I have been to America, so_____ he.

A did           B have          C has          D does

3、London has ever hosted the modern Olympics     Paris .

A. So does          B. So has  

C. Nor does         D. Neither has

4、Neither of the two boys ________ from the USA.

A. come      B. don’t come        C. comes       D. doesn’t come

5、I have not been to America, _____  has he.

A so           B neither           C and          D but

6、Her grandfather ______ for two years.
A. died　B. has died　C. has been dead　D. has been died
7、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him .（呼和浩特）
Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know
8、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?

Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still
9、Have you met Mr Li ______？
Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago
10、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two years .
Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written

11、—Our country ______ a lot so far .

—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .

Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good

Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better

12、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .

Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; study

Ｃ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying

13、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .

Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. Knew

14、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .

Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see

15、—These farmers have been to the United States .
—Really ? When _____ there ?

Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they go

Ｃ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone

16、—______ you ___ your homework yet ?

 —Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
Ａ. Did ; do ; finished Ｂ. Have ; done ; finished
Ｃ. Have ; done ; have finished Ｄ. will ; do ; finish
17、 His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in
18、—Do you know him well ?
　　— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .
Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made
19、—How long have you ____ here ?
　　—About two months .
Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived
20、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .
Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun
Ｃ. has been on Ｄ. began
21、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .
Ａ.has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been
22、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .
Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been to
Ｃ. have gone to Ｄ. have been

___________________________________________________________________________

一、   句型转换。

1、He has never surfed,                 ?（改成反意疑问句） 

2、They have been here since 2000.  (对划线部分提问)

                        have they been here?

3、The old man ______ last year. He             for a year. (die) （动词填空）

4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)

   This factory               ________ for twenty years.

5、Miss Gao left an hour ago.  (同义句转换)

Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ ________ an hour ago.

6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）

　 Her mother _______ the Party three years ________.

7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)

    _______ two years ________ the Green family moved to France.

8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子)  

 ___________________________________________                                      

二. 根据所给单词写出正确形式.

1. I____ already ____ (see) the film. I ________ (see) it last week.             

 2. _____ he ____ (finish) his work today? Not yet.

3. My father ____ just ____ (come) back from work. He is tired now.           

 4. Where’s Li Ming ? He __________ (go) to the teacher’s office.

5. I __________ (work) here since I ______ (move) here in 1999.              

6. So far I _______________(make) quite a few friends here.

7. How long ________ the Wangs ______________(stay) here ? For two weeks.       

8. I ________ just ___________ (finish) my homework.

9. He ________ (go) to school on foot every day.                             

10.____ you ______ (find) your science book yet?

11. If it ____ (be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you.                            

12. The students ____________ (read) English when the teacher came in.

13. Look! The monkey __________ (climb) the tree.                             

14. My mother __________ (come) to see me next Sunday.

15. I've lost my pen. _________ you ________ (see) it anywhere?

三、使用下列各词“never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since” 填空。

1. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.

2. Jack has _________ finished his homework.

3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years.

4. “Have you ________ seen the film?” “No, I have ________ seen it.”

5. “Has the bus left _______?” “Yes, it has _________ left.”

六、用have / has been to / in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。

1) Where is Jack? He __________ his country.

2) David ________ the park just now.

3) John _______ England since he came back.

4) How long _____ they _____ this village?

5) The Smiths ______ Beijing for years.

6) _____ you ever ____ America? -- Yes, I _____ there many times.

7) I _____ this school since three years ago.

8) Where is Jim? He _____ the farm.

9) When_____ he _____? He _______ an hour ago.

10) Would you like to _____  to the zoo with me? ---Yes, but I _____ there before.

11) Where _____ you _____ now? --- I ____  to the zoo.

12) He often _____ swimming.

13) _____ you ______ there last year?

14) _____ they often ______ skating in winter?

七、 用never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since填空

1. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.

2. Jack has _________ finished his homework.

3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years.

4. “Have you ________ seen the film?” “No, I have ________ seen it.”

5. “Has the bus left _______?” “Yes, it has _________ left.”     

练习完成情况：

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