初中英语Section B教案设计

                                              学生姓名：

                                              上课日期：

1.   重点词汇和短语梳理；
2.   重点语法讲解和习题训练。

被动语态

  1. “语态”表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语中有“两态”的说法，即主动语态和被动语态，本单元中反复出现的should be allowed 就是一个含有情态动词（should）的被动语态。

    先看几个基本概念：

    主语是动作的发出者为主动语态

    主语是动作的接受者为被动语态

    只有及物动词才有被动语态。

  2. 被动语态的构成

    （1）请大家看图

    The office is cleaned every day .

    The office was cleaned yesterday.

    Compare active and passive：

    动作的接受者the office成了句子的主语，就应该用被动语态。从上面的例句我们可以总结：

    一般现在时的被动语态为：主＋am / is / are （not）＋过去分词

    一般过去时的被动语态为：主＋was / were ＋过去分词

如：English is spoken in the world.

This house was built 100 years ago.

    如果要特别强调动作或行为的执行者，句子后面需接by ~ ，译为“被（由）……”

    如：We were woken up by a loud noise .  我们被嘈杂的声音吵醒。

    （2）请看图

    从上面的例子中我们可以看出，现在进行时被动语态的构成为：

    主语＋is / am / are + being ＋过去分词

    再如：My car is being repaired now.

    Some new houses are being built near the park.

    含有情态动词的被动语态：  情态动词＋be＋过去分词

    Teenagers should be allowed to wear their own clothes.

    The flowers should be watered every day.

Water can be changed into ice by us.

The English homework must be handed in this afternoon.

    这里我们列举了几个主要时态，那么其它时态呢？

一般将来时  主语＋will ＋be ＋过去分词

现在完成时  主语＋have / has ＋been ＋过去分词

    过去将来时  主语＋would / should + be ＋过去分词

    过去进行时  主语＋was / were + being ＋过去分词

    过去完成时  主语＋had + been +过去分词

  3. 被动语态的用法：

    （1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁，不用“by＋动作执行者”的短语

    Such books are written for children. 这些书是为儿童写的。

    I haven’t been told about it .  没有人告诉我这件事。

    （2）强调动作的承受者，这时应用by短语。

    The cup was broken by David.

    （3）作客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态句型

    It’s / was said / believed / reported / + that …

    It’s reported that about three hundred people were killed in this earthquake.

    据报道，这次地震中大约有三百人死亡。

  4. 主动语态变为被动语态

    把主动语态的句子变为被动语态的方法是：

    （1）把原句中的宾语变为主语

    （2）动词改为被动形式，即be+过去分词

（3）原来的主语，如果需要的话，放在by后面，如果没必要，可省略。

  5. 被动语态的几种类型

    （1）有两个宾语的句子的被动语态（直接宾语，间接宾语）

    常见的接双宾语的动词有

①间接宾语改为被动语态的主语，直接宾语保留原位。

②直接宾语改为被动语态的主语，间接宾语前加介词to /for。

He gave the boy an apple.

→The boy was given an apple.

→ An apple was given to the boy.

Her father bought her a present.

→She was bought a present by her father.

→A present was bought for her by her father.

（2）不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态改为被动语态时，省略的to要加上。

常考的动词有make, let, have, see, watch, notice, hear→sb be made/ let/ had/ seen/ watched/ notice/ heard/ to do sth

They heard the children sing that morning.

→ The children were heard to sing that morning.

The teacher made the little boy stand in the classroom.

→ The little boy was made to stand in the classroom by the teacher.

    （3）含有短语的主动语态变被动语态

    不及物动词没有宾语，因此没有被动语态。但有的不及物动词后面加上介词及其他一些词类构成短语动词之后，其作用相当于及物动词，可以接宾语，因而也可以变为被动语态。在变成被动语态时，不能去掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。

    They take good care of my child.  → My child is taken good care of .

    I turned off the radio. →The radio was turned off （by me）.

（4）带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，一般把主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语。

We call him Xiao Wang. → He is called Xiao Wang.

They told him to help me. → He was told to help me.

  6. 被动语态的几种特殊情况。

    （1）不及物动词不能用于被动语态。常考查的不及物动词有happen, take place, come out,appear 等。

    （2）sell, write, wear, wash, open, close 等与副词well, easily 等连用，主动表示被动。若无well, easily等修饰，则用主动语态。

    These books sell well.

    This kind of cloth washes well

    The door opens （closes）easily.

These books are sold in the bookshop.

    （3）look, feel, sound, taste, smell, seem等连系动词后加形容词作表语，主动形式表被动。

    The fish tastes nice.

The paper feels soft.

    （4）need

     The bike needs repairing.

     The bike needs to be repaired.

一、单项选择

1. Good books _  ___ again and again.

A. be read     B. should be read     C. must read     D. should read

2. The children __  __ by the nurse.

A. were looked     B. looked after    C. were looked after     D. looked

3. When__  __ the accident ___  __ ?

    A. was, happen     B. did, happen        C. is, happen   D. was, happened

4. The lab ___  _ about five years ago.

    A. was build     B. was built     C. builds     D. has been built

5. The picture______  in October, 1996.

    A. was taking     B. had been taken     C. was taken     D. had taken

6. They ______day and night.

    A. are made work     B. are made to work

    C. made to be worked     D. are making to work

7. This English song _____ often _____ by the children.

    A. is, singing     B. is, sung     C. will, sing     D. was, sung

8. Mary’s radio ______ by my brother just now.

    A. will be mended     B. has mended     C. was mended     D. mended

9. Your exercise books _____ after class.

    A. will hand in     B. must hand in  C. handed in   D. must be handed in

10. Some trees may ______ at other times of the year.

    A. be planted  B. plant  C. are planted    D. will be planted

二、 句型转换

11. Sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to drive.（改为一般疑问句）

          sixteen-year-olds                to drive?

12. Teenagers should be allowed to wear that earring.（改为否定句）

  Teenagers                 allowed to wear that earring.

13. I think the work should be done at once. （改为否定句）

    I         think the work         be done at once.

14. We shouldn’t allow the students to stay up until midnight.（改为被动句）

    The students                         to stay up until midnight.

15. The English homework must be handed in this afternoon. （改为主动句）

    We                          the English homework this afternoon.

小试牛刀

一．语篇填空

请阅读下面短文，根据其内容，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。(每个单词限用一次)

happy　close　angry　parent　listen　make　if　long　but　important

Are you the only child in the family？If so，you are the most 71.________ in your family.72.________ are the closest people to you in the world.But a lot of middle school students have a problem.They feel they're not as 73.________ to their parents as before.They even think their parents are unfair to them.

Some students complain that their parents say a lot to them，but never 74.________ to them.Some of them even say it 75.________．

“My parents don't allow me to play computer games，76.________ other classmates are doing that.”Others say，when they're 77.________ phone calls to friends，their parents like to ask if they're speaking to a boy or a girl.These make them very 78.________．Some students even decide to leave home.But they don't know running away may bring them some more problems.Show your parents you're growing up.Then they'll feel you're no 79.________ a small child.

80．________ you follow the advice，you'll have a happy life and never think of running away.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

一、单项选择题

(　　)26.I regret not ___________a new skirt yesterday.

1. buying        B．buys        C．bought     D．buy

(　　)27.Trees ___________ in winter but in spring.

A．can not plant                       B．be not planted

C．can not be planted                   D．can plant

(　　)28. —Our teacher are all hard-working.

—Yes, they are not only strict ____ their work, but also _____ their students.

A. in; with         B. to; with          C. in; at         D. for; with

(　　)29.There are no words to describe __________ I miss my hometown.

      A. how many        B. how much     C. how soon        D. how long

(　　)30.I think I should be allowed to make decisions __________ myself.

A．with        B．to      C．by       D．against

(    )31. —I think teenagers should be allowed to go out with their friends in the evening.

—____________. It's not safe enough.

A．I agree        B．I think so       C．I don't know     D．I disagree

(　　)32.The trees must ____________ three times a week.

A．water        B．watering        C．be watered       D．waters

(　　)33.The number of teachers in our school ________ 60 and a number of them ________ male(男性的) teachers.

A．is; are        B．are; is        C．am; are       D．be; are

(　　)34. Father is very angry because he thinks I shouldn't get my ears _________.

A．be pierce       B．pierced      C．to pierce       D．pierce

(    )35. — Mom, would you allow me to swim in the lake?

         — 　　　　. The lake is so large and deep.

         A. Not at all       B. No problem       C. Never mind   D. No way

(　　)36. —The boss is very kind and he always ____________his workers.

—How lucky his workers are!

A. worries about     B. deals with      C. cares about    D. takes care

(    )37. Sometimes our hobbies can ____________ our study.

      A. get in the way of        B. get into       C. get out of      D. get on

(    )38. I don’t think _____________ should be allowed to drive.

      A. sixteen-year-old                  B. sixteen-years-old

      C. sixteen-years-olds                D. sixteen-year-olds

(    )39. Should a teenager ____________ to get a driving license?

      A. be allow        B. allow         C. be allowed       D. allowed

(    )40.—Who’s the boy____________ under the tree?        —My friend.

      A. stand        B. to stand       C. stood      D. standing

(    )41. You should be punished if you____________to your teacher.

      A. will talk back       B. talk back        C. will talk to      D. talk to

(    )42. He was ____________ tired ____________ go on walking.

      A. too; to        B. such; that        C. so; that        D. as; as

(    )43. Dad, you have worked for so long time. Stop       and have a rest.

     A. to work      B. working       C. work       D. works

(    )44. — Do you need a helping hand with the job?

        — I can ____________ it. Thanks anyway.

        A. manage  B. support        C. encourage     D. refuse 

(    )45. — My bike is broken. What should I do?

        — You can get it ____________ in that bike shop.

       A. repair B. repairs         C. repaired    D. to repair

二、完形填空

通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在各小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。

Many teenagers have __46__．But sometimes these hobbies can get __47__ the way of schoolwork. Liu Yu is a __48__ boy. He wants to be a professional athlete. But his parents won't allow him to train as __49__ as he would like to. They worry about his study at school. They think he should __50__ time on study and needs to be realistic. They think it is a very difficult dream to __51__．Liu Yu knows that his parents __52__ him and have always taught him the __53__ of studying hard. But he just wants to do what he loves. He is __54__ running. He should be allowed to __55__ for himself.

He thinks only then will he have a chance to achieve his dream.

(    )46.A.interest       B．interests       C．hobby          D．hobbies

(    )47.A.on           B．in             C．by             D．out of

(    )48.A.15­years­old   B．15 years old    C．15­year­old      D．15 year old

(    )49.A.much         B．many          C．few            D．little

(    )50.A.take          B．pay            C．spend         D．cost

(    )51.A.come true     B．come true it     C．achieve        D．achieve it

(    )52.A.care with      B．take care off     C．careful        D．care about

(    )53.A.important     B．importance      C．importantly    D．key

(    )54.A.careful        B．careful of    C．serious        D．serious about

(    )55.A.decide      B．deciding   C．make a decision  D．make a decide