【新课标全国卷】考点1 阅读理解——2022届高考英语一轮复习考点易错题提升练

这是一份【新课标全国卷】考点1 阅读理解——2022届高考英语一轮复习考点易错题提升练，共29页。试卷主要包含了 细节理解题，主旨大意题，推理判断题，词义猜测题等内容，欢迎下载使用。
【新课标全国卷】考点1 阅读理解
2022届高考英语一轮复习考点易错题提升练
解题技巧
1. 细节理解题
（1）题干定位，按图索骥。
细心审题，直接就题找答案。先看文章后面的问题，注意题干中的关键词，如：人物、时间和事件等，做到有的放矢。根据题干中的标志性词语定位到原文，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，找到与原文相符的选项，确定正确答案。快速寻找信息点的策略一般适用于做功能型阅读题，主要形式有广告、公告、演出信息、航班时间表等。做这类题时，没有必要阅读全文，宜采用“题干定位法”解题。
（2）语义转换，变通理解。
变通理解，间接转述找答案。有些细节题主要考查对某句话或某几句话的理解，很少直接用原文中的句子进行考查，题干通常会对这些句子进行语义转换，包括同义转换、概念解析、归纳事实等。如：
①同义改写：题干将原文中的词或短语换成另外的词或短语，词性和结构不变，意义相近。
②转变词性与结构：题干关键信息并不一定与原文中相关信息一致，而是作了一定的转化。如将名词词组转化为意义相近的动词或形容词等。
（3）查读分析，多点归纳。
多点归纳，综合事实找答案。此方法适用于离散型细节理解题或数字计算题。根据题干要求，迅速找到与之相关的事实或数据，对其进行分析整合，得出正确答案。文章中的数字、日期、时间都是设题的重点，此类题目的答案很少是文章中直接出现的数字或日期，通常需要作简单的计算。
图文转换类的题，即根据短文描述确定相应图形，或根据图形选出相应的文字答案。此类题可采用“文字锁定法”解题，即找出描述图形的句段，按“文”索“图”，这样，便可迅速地锁定对应图形。
2.主旨大意题
（1）学会寻找主题句
主题句所在的位置一般有四种情况：一是文首。有些文章先提出主题，接着围绕主题展开叙述。二是文末。有些文章在表述细节后，归纳要点，概括主题。此类文章往往以列举事实开头，最后归纳主题。三是文首和文末。有时为突出主题，作者会先点明主题，结尾时再次强调，但前后表述的句子不是简单的重复，后面的表述往往是对主题的进一步延伸和深化。四是文中。通常前面只提出问题，文章的主题由陈述的细节引出，而后又对其进行学会寻找主题句一步的阐释。
（2）学会归纳概括
在没有明确的主题句时，考生必须根据文中所提供的事实和细节，进行全面考虑、综合分析，归纳出文章的主题。要灵活运用跳读、略读等技巧进行阅读，在这个过程中注意每段的段首和段尾，同时，还可利用信息词、标志词等提示进行概括。
（3）学会分析选项
在做主旨大意题时，考生不仅可以从文章出发概括出主题，也可以从选项反推出主题。要多注意选项之间的比对。
3.推理判断题
（1）忠实原文
要注意一定要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知，遵循“词不离句，句不离段，段不离篇”的原则。千万不能主观臆断、凭空想象，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。
（2）吃透文章
要吃透文章，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。考生可以根据文章中所阐述的细节，再结合自己所掌握的基础知识、有关背景知识或常识来进行分析、推断，从而得出符合文章原意的结论。
（3）深层挖掘
要对文字的深层含义进行挖掘，由表及里，由浅入深，通过分析、判断进行合乎逻辑的推理。
（4）理清思路
要把握文中句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构，同时还要把握文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度，理清思路，悟出作者的言外之意。
4.词义猜测题
（1）利用构词法猜词义
构词法是英语单词形成的主要途径，根据构词法猜测词义一般比较接近单词的真实意思，准确度比较高。
（2）利用语法关系猜词义
利用语法关系猜测词义指利用语言表述中的举例子、下定义、同位语、标点符号、定语从句等进行词义猜测的方法。
（3）利用逻辑关系猜词义
语言表达总是按照一定的逻辑关系展开的，根据语言的内在逻辑关系往往可以粗略地推断出词义或大致义域。对我们猜测词义具有较大帮助的逻辑关系通常有并列、转折、因果等。
（4）利用上下文语境猜词义
在文章中，任何一个单词都不是孤立存在的，它总会和其他单词产生联系，通过这些联系可以猜测出单词或短语在文中的意思，尤其是代词的指代含义。
（5）利用生活常识和文化背景知识猜词义
1.    In my living room, there is a plaque(匾) that advises me to "Bloom(开花) where you are planted." It reminds me of Dorothy. I got to know Dorothy in the early 1980s, when I was teaching Early Childhood Development through a programme with Union College in Barbourville, Kentucky. The job responsibilities required occasional visits to the classroom of each teacher in the programme. Dorothy stands out in my memory as one who "bloomed" in her remote area.
    Dorothy taught in a school in Harlan County, Kentucky, Appalachian Mountain area. To get to her school from the town of Harlan, I followed a road winding around the mountain. In the eight-mile journey, I crossed the same railroad track five times, giving the possibility of getting caught by the same train five times. Rather than feeling excited by this drive through the mountains, I found it depressing. The poverty level was shocking and the small shabby houses gave me the greatest feeling of hopelessness.
    From the moment of my arrival at the little school, all gloom(忧郁) disappeared. Upon arriving at Dorothy's classroom, I was greeted with smiling faces and treated like a queen. The children had been prepared to show me their latest projects. Dorothy told me with a big smile that they were serving poke greens salad and cornbread for "dinner" (lunch). In case you don't know, poke greens are a weed-type plant that grows wild, especially on poor ground.
    Dorothy never ran out of reports of exciting activities of her students. Her enthusiasm never cooled down. When it came time to sit for the testing and interviewing required to receive her Child Development Associate Certification, Dorothy was ready. She came to the assessment(评价) and passed in all areas. Afterward, she invited me to the one-and-only steak house in the area to celebrate her victory, as if she had received her PhD degree. After the meal, she placed a little box containing an old pen in my hand. She said it was a family heirloom(传家宝), but to me it is a treasured symbol of appreciation and pride that cannot be matched with things.
1.Upon arriving at the classroom, the author was cheered up by __________.
A.a warm welcome B.the sight of poke greens
C.Dorothy's latest projects D.a big dinner made for her
2.What can we know about Dorothy from the last paragraph?
A.She was invited to a celebration at a restaurant.
B.She got a pen as a gift from the author.
C.She passed the required assessment.
D.She received her PhD degree.
3.What does the author mainly intend to tell us?
A.Whatever you do, you must do it carefully.
B.Whoever you are, you deserve equal treatment.
C.However poor you are, you have the right to education.
D.Wherever you are, you can be successful and accomplished(获得) your achievement.
2.    It's a tragedy(悲剧) that could be avoided: every year, more than 400 people in Britain die while waiting for a replacement organ for their bodies. Although organ transplants(器官移植) have been saving lives for more than 60 years, the right body part is often not available at the right time simply because not enough people choose to be donors. Should people therefore be required to allow their organs to be used by others after death?
    The British Medical Association(BMA), which represents doctors in Britain, says yes. A system of "presumed consent(默许)" would automatically make everyone over the age of 16 an organ donor. Individuals would be allowed to put out, that is to say, decide not to be an organ donor, if that's what they prefer. The BMA points to much higher organ donation rates in countries that have opt-out systems, such as Spain, Belgium, Austria and the Czech Republic.
    England's chief medical officer, Sir Liam Donaldson, also wants to change the organ-donor system from opt-in to opt-out. All of this sounds like very good news for the 7,500 people in the UK who are waiting for transplants of critical organs, tissues, skin and bones.
    Britain's National Health Service(NHS) recently counts 14. 3 million organ donors on a list which began in 1994. Not everyone wants to participate, however, according to the NHS, 90 per cent of the British strongly support organ donation, but only 23 per cent are on the organ-donor list.
    Why the discrepancy(差异)? One reason is that organ donation is a personal matter. Another reason may be indecision: when families are not sure about a dead relative's wishes, 40 per cent decide not to donate his or her organs. Interestingly, religion has little to do with a decision not to donate. All six of the main religions in Britain support organ donation and transplantation.
    The government decided in 2018 how the system of organ donation should work—without a policy of presumed consent. Opinion among members of parliament(议会) continues to be divided; but the tragedy goes on: as things are now, one in ten Britons in need of an organ will never get one.​
1.What does the tragedy in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A.People are required to be organ donors.
B.Organ transplants could save lives for more than 60 years.
C.More and more donors' organs are not proper for operation.
D.Many patients have to die because of no replacement organ.
2.According to Paragraph 4, most British people __________.
A.support organ donation without action B.want to participate in organ donation
C.are willing to donate their organs D.don't like NHS' activity
3.What's the main idea of the passage?
A.Analysing the tragedy of organ donation.
B.Persuading people to support organ donation.
C.Praising those people who donate their organs.
D.Listing government's measures on organ donation.
3.    The story began with a young mother who had three sons. Unfortunately, the youngest son developed slow thinking skills, not having the intelligence of his brothers.
    With double duty as the mother of the household, she was exhausted, so that the youngest was often the target of anger and annoyance. Bad words, such as "you little fool" and the like, served as a daily meal for the youngest.
    The words and curses he got from the mother and ridicule from friends convinced him that he was distressing and embarrassing his family. Every morning he woke up with his own face staring from the mirror reflection, he started to say quietly and sadly, "The fool is going to school."
    As adult citizens, there was compulsory military service which should be lived. Thus, the youngest son also signed: up and started to follow the various tests: a medical, physical ability test and other tests. On the day of the announcement, he was called into the board of examiners.
    In his mind, he convinced himself that he was the fool and couldn't pass the tests this time as he entered the room with his head down. It was not expected at all. The tests turned out to have the highest praise from the board of examiners.
    "Congratulations, young man! Your test results are incredible! You are really a great and talented young man." Words from the board of examiners became the discovery of a new side of himself that was not known in advance. Voice kept echoing in his mind, such as "I, the great man, am in the shower", "The great man washes his face", "The talented young man again brushes his teeth" and so on. Confidence and improved self-image came beyond usual.
    20 years later, the youngest established himself as a successful businessman who was admired and respected, and received many awards.
    The mindset and belief are the power behind the success that is within us. Whatever we think and believe in our minds continuously, it will eventually materialize in reality. That's the universally applicable law.
1.Why was the youngest often scolded by his mother?
A.He was not as clever as his brothers. B.He considered himself to be a fool.
C.He didn't behave himself at school. D.He didn't cook meals for his mother.
2.From the passage we know that the young mother is ________.
A.selfish and lazy B.gentle and caring
C.ill-tempered and impatient D.kind-hearted and diligent
3.What happened to the youngest son later on?
A.He received aid from others. B.He became an admirable psychologist.
C.He became a successful businessman. D.He developed strange mental diseases.
4.From the passage, the author tells us that ________.
A.military service can change a person completely
B.mothers' attitude towards children is important
C.even a fool can become a successful businessman
D.think big and you will get big results
4. The skin under the eyes is delicate, which is why it sometimes appears sunken(凹陷) and has darker coloring than elsewhere on the face. Aging and health problems play a role in sunken eyes but other factors can contribute, so it may affect younger people as well.
Dehydration（脱水）
The most common cause of sunken eyes is dehydration, or not having enough water in the body. Consuming too much coffee, soda, and prepackaged drinks may increase production of urine(尿液), which may lead to dehydration.
Vitamin shortages
Shortages of vitamin C, vitamin K, and iron can cause eyes to become sunken. Vitamin C helps with absorbing iron and decreasing bruising(瘀斑), while vitamin K is responsible for blood thickening, causing unhealthy skin. Easy bruising and unhealthy skin will result in sunken eyes.
Weight loss
Most people tend to lose weight in their face first. Sometimes, the weight loss is sudden enough to make blood vessels(血管)below the eyes easy to see, and the skin clear, producing the appearance of sunken eyes. Sudden weight loss may also cause nutritional shortages, which can lead to sunken eyes.
Not enough sleep or poor quality sleep can cause sunken eyes and a person’s DNA or the habit of smoking can also contribute to sunken eyes. Most cases of sunken eyes relate to the quality of an individual’s nutrition and healthy living. When these causes are corrected, sunken eyes can be resolved without further treatment. This means that causes can be avoided or treated in good time to prevent the recurrence of sunken eyes.
1. What can we do to prevent dehydration according to the text?
A. Refuse coffee. B. Drink more water.
C. Say no to soft drinks. D. Have certain drinks less.
2. What will lead to bruising below the eyes?
A. Lack of vitamin K. B. Water shortages.
C. Lack of vitamin C. D. Nutritional shortages.
3. Which of the following should be avoided for people losing weight?
A. Pale faces. B. Sudden weight loss.
C. Clean skin. D. Narrow blood vessels.
5.    A notice at IKEA Shanghai has been shared widely among netizens on Chinese social media. It states that the stored cafeteria now requires customers to order food before sitting down in cafeteria seats. The policy is in response to an elderly blind dating group that occupies seats for a long time, consuming only their own food brought from home. Do you support IKEA's new regulation? China Daily readers share their opinions with us.
Lee Xin (China)
    The elderly are harmless. They are lonely and are probably hoping to find some company again. If anything, the store should at least sympathize with these old people.
Mbursian (US)
    This is more for socializing than for romance. I really don’t think a home furnishing store is a good dating place for seniors.
    IKEA could also post a reasonable time limit per visit during peak hours. Or instead of tables and chairs, they could use those standing tables and get rid of the chairs altogether. At least IKEA’s cafeteria isn’t occupied by the dancing grannies and their portable PA systems.
SEARU (Australia)
    Romance is the most important thing while eating is not that important! So a noble man always leaves more space for seniors' love affairs!
Mr. Qiu (Shanghai, China 65 years old)
    We have been to fast food outlets like McDonald's, but there are barely any peers there. We feel like aliens surrounded by youngsters. If there is another place in Shanghai where elderly people can gather, we are more than ready to pay twice as much and travel further.
TedM (UK)
    Romance can arise in many places, even IKEA. However, this debate arose as a result of many people taking advantage of IKEA's generous drink offers and going there to meet and stay with friends without buying anything. IKEA is a shop; it exists to provide a service for a reasonable profit. It is not a public park.
Michel (New Zealand)
    To everyone romanticizing this, please also consider that the store has an image to uphold while protecting the interests of other paying customers. It is ugly to take up seats for such long durations while you make others wait.
1.How many people are in support of this new regulation?
A.2. B.3. C.4. D.5.
2.What is the major cause of this new regulation?
A.Senior blind dates influencing their business.
B.IKEA has zero tolerance for romantic behavior.
C.The strong reaction of netizens on social media.
D.Old people eating their own food to save money.
3.People who are against the new regulation will probably agree that ______.
A.seniors' love affairs can contribute to the store's image
B.IKEA is the only place where seniors can find their peers
C.the society is being too judgmental and lacks understanding
D.IKEA should not reserve a special area for the old people to date
6. Mark Rothko, one of the greatest painters of the twentieth century, was born in Daugavpils, Latvia in 1903. His father immigrated to the United States, fearing that his son would be drafted (招募) into the Czarist army. Mark stayed in Russia with his mother and elder sister; they joined the family later, arriving in the winter of 1913, after a 12-day voyage.
Mark moved to New York in the autumn of 1923 and found employment in the garment trade and took up residence on the Upper West Side. It was while he was visiting someone at the Art Students League that he saw students sketching a nude model. According to him, this was the start of his life as an artist. He was twenty years old and had taken some art lessons at school, so his initial experience was far from an immediate calling.
In 1936, Mark Rothko began writing a book, which he never completed about the similarities in the children’s art and the work of modern painters. The work of modernists, which was influenced by primitive (原始的) art, according to him, could be compared to that of children in that “Child art transforms itself into primitivism (原始主义), which is only the child producing a mimicry (模仿) of himself.” However, in this same work, he said that “The fact that one usually begins with drawing is already academic. We start with the colors.”
It was not long before his multiform developed into the style he is remembered for; in 1949 Rothko exhibited these new works at the Betty Parsons Gallery. For critic Harold Rosenberg, the paintings were a revelation. After painting his first multiform, Rothko withdrew himself to his home in East Hampton on Long Island. The discovery of his definitive form came at a period of great grief; his mother Kate died in October 1948 and it was at some point during that winter that Rothko chanced upon the striking symmetrical (对称的) rectangular blocks of two to three opposing or contrasting, yet complementary colors (对称). As part of this new uniformity of artistic vision, his paintings and drawings no longer had individual titles: from this point on they were simply untitled, numbered or dated. However, to assist in distinguishing one work from another, dealers would sometimes add the primary colors to the name.
1.Mark Rothko’s family have experienced all of the following except______.
A.a separation from his father B.the call up of the army
C.a temporary stay in Russia D.a 12-day voyage to the United States
2.What made Mark Rothko want to be an artist?
A.His move to the Upper West Side. B.His visit to the Art Students League.
C.His sight of the students’ drawing. D.His lessons took in art school.
3.Mark Rothko thought modern art share some similarities with child art because______.
A.they are both considered childish and academic
B.they are both ways of expressing primitivism
C.they are both a copy of the painters themselves
D.they ate both striking blocks and colors
4.Which of the following statements is true about Mark Rothko’s style?
A.It was inspired by Rosenberg. B.It resulted from moving to Long Island.
C.It resulted from his grief. D.It evolved (develop gradually) in 1948.
7.    When COVID-19 hit and gyms began to close, Laura Novak was let go from her job as a part-time trainer. Despite losing a large part of her income, Novak knew she had another source (来源) to depend on: Tik Tok. As a former gymnast, the 31-year-old is often sharing clips of herself training on the bars or doing another type of workout while making money through brand partnerships.
    Novak stressed that Tik Tok, which she's been on since August of 2019, has been a really helpful source of income right now as a fitness trainer.
    The timing of a potential ban of Tik Tok doesn't bode well(不是好兆头) for the company that recently announced a plan to hire 10 000 staff in the U. S. over the next three years. The company also announced that it will give creators in the U. S. over $1 billion in the next three years "to encourage those who dream of using their voices and creativity to spark inspirational careers" on Tik Tok.
While social media Apps and their popularity have always been precarious, Tik Tok has managed to be a win-win situation for the platform's creators and brands looking to reach specific audiences.
    Sam Gach, a 28-year-old in Ann Arbor, Mich., is known for posting yoga tutorials on Tik Tok. Gach told in media that while he's on other platforms, Tik Tok has become one of his most important ones.
    "It's my fastest growing platform," Gach said, who has 89 600 followers on the App. "It's a bit nerve-wracking (伤脑筋的), but I think right now, from what I'm hearing, it sounds like it may not be banned, but it's still very uncertain."
    Gach said if it is though, he would not "be happy about it," adding he's made a few thousand dollars from Tik Tok in the last month, but it's all still very new. Gach said if Tik Tok got banned, it would certainly negatively influence his ability to build an audience.
1.How did Tik Tok benefit Novak according to Paragraph 1?
A.By encouraging her to be confident. B.By promoting her to build a brand.
C.By accompanying her to kill time. D.By helping her to earn a life.
2.Which of the following best explains "precarious" underlined in Paragraph 4?
A.Unstable. B.Inconvenient. C.Accessible. D.Beneficial.
3.What do we know about Sam Gach?
A.He feels stressed about the potential ban. B.He's a devoted fan of Tik Tok.
C.He's sure about the future of Tik Tok. D.He's unsatisfied with the amount of his audience.
4.What is the text mainly about?
A.The trend of applying high-tech. B.The disadvantage of social media.
C.The way of improving income. D.The dependence on a platform.
8.    Toward the end of November 2002, Lauren DeLand's body started to ache. Her head hurt. She was tired and slept most days. The athletic girl, 20, wasn't worried. She'd recover from it. Except, she didn't. Now, years later, she still struggles with those symptoms of a flu. "It mined everything I knew," she said. "And one of those things was being an athlete.''
    Nichols, Lauren's husband and Lauren started their journey on April 22, 2019, from the Crazy Cook Monument in New Mexico. They started slowly. Because of her disease, sparing time to rejuvenate herself properly from physical exercise is vital, so they travelled around 20 miles daily. On November 2, 2019, Lauren stepped into Canada. thus completing a six-month hike from Mexico to Canada.
    From New Mexico, the couple passed into Colorado. Here they faced their first major obstacle: hundreds of miles of deep, mountain snow. They persisted. After 200 snowy miles, they finished that section of the trip and shipped their skis home. Because of Lauren's disease, the couple took great care to eat well on every trip. Lauren said, "The knowledge gained from years of trial and error allowed us to carefully plan and pack our food."
    By the end of September, they'd made it through a short section of Idaho and into Montana and had fewer than 500 miles to go. Several storms forced them to stop and wait. But finally on November 2, they stepped into Canada.
    "I've come back with more self-confidence and self-knowledge after every hike," Lauren said. "It's absolutely been healing us both."
1.What can we know about Lauren DeLand from the first paragraph?
A.She recovered from the flu. B.She worried about the symptom at first.
C.Her head is still aching now. D.She is an athlete.
2.What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A.Recover B.Assist. C.Remind. D.Improve.
3.What can we infer about the couple from the third paragraph?
A.They carried their skis all the journey.
B.It was the first time that they had hiked.
C.They learned to plan and pack food through experiences.
D.They never failed to plan and pack their food.
4.Which of the following can be a suitable title?
A.A Healing Journey B.A Never-ending Flu C.A Healthy Habit D.A Happy Couple
9.    Parties to celebrate special events, achievements, and holidays are the perfect opportunities for exercising these roles among people. For many of us, food and fellowship is a perfect marriage, but for some people, invitations to events that center around food leads to fear and anxiety.
    Most traditional party foods contain large amounts of sugar. Cookies, brownies, cakes and ice cream ail contain sugar! And many of the sweet treats and salty snacks attract us because of the chemical additives(添加剂) and mixtures that perfect the material and taste of foods. Still, most party foods include large amounts of unhealthy fats. Fat itself should be part of a healthy diet, but the highly processed types of fats can break down our health.
    By now, you are probably wondering what healthy food choices should be offered at our get-togethers. Perhaps, one of the best choices for ensuring everyone can comfortably participate is to offer a large plate of fresh vegetables and a fresh fruit dish. Guacamole is a great accompaniment. Vegetable salads can also be a relief to those seeking healthier choices, but it is best to leave off the dressing and provide a variety of dressing choices, including plain olive oil and Italy vinegar. Rather than party mints and candy, offer small bowls of dry-roasted or raw nuts.
    The nature of the party can often determine the cuisine, but nearly any common party dish can be recreated with healthier ingredients (成分). Use whole grains when possible, coconut oil in place of butter or shortening, and honey or stevia to sweeten treats.
    And finally, be sure to let your health-conscious guests know that there are some food choices by making a small disclaimer on your invitation. This may make the difference between an acceptance or a refusal. If you make a homemade treat or dish, supplying a note card with the ingredients is appreciated by those attempting to avoid specific ingredients.
    At your next party, try this recipe for healthier, black bean brownies. Not only are these allergy-friendly, but they offer a lot of health benefits for everyone. No one will guess they're made from black beans!
1.What does the second paragraph suggest?
A.People in the parties are fond of sugar.
B.Most traditional party food is unhealthy.
C.Fat and sugar are both harmful to our health.
D.Parties tend to be equipped with various foods.
2.Which is the healthy party food according to the text?
A.Cookies. B.Brownies. C.Guacamole. D.Party mints.
3.What does the underlined word "disclaimer" probably mean in Paragraph 5?
A.Decoration. B.Instruction. C.Letter. D.Cover.
4.What is the text mainly about?
A.Healthy food choices in parties.
B.Roles of various food in parties.
C.Meanings of parties with food.
D.Friendship and food.
10.    Walker didn't realize the dangers of e-cigarettes last December when he purchased his first one. "I thought it was cool," says Walker, who moved to Florida Atlantic University a month later. Within weeks, given the pressures of adjusting to a new campus, he was smoking a pack or more a day. "After about a week and a half," he says, "I'd get nervous and anxious if I didn't have it."
    In early March, Walker went to a hospital emergency room near campus complaining of chest pain, fever and feeling sick. Eleven days later my chest hurt so bad that I couldn't even sit straight," says Walker. X-rays showed that Walker had what looked like pneumonia(肺炎) in his left lung. Within days, Walker was put on a respirator (呼吸器) and later sent by air to another hospital. "He was dying," says his mom, Candy, a nurse.
    It took seven days for doctors to confirm that Walker's infection was caused by the adenovirus (腺病毒). But they were at a loss to explain how the virus had nearly killed an otherwise strong and healthy college student. The answer became clear in mid-April after his father Dave was terrified by what he found—so many e-cigarettes. "Most likely," says Dr. Hunley, "it was the e-cigarettes that led to his breath failure, which contributed to the spread of the adenovirus."
    By the time Walker finally left the hospital in July he'd lost 80 pounds, and his left lung and both his kidneys(肾) had been destroyed. Doctors say he now needs to have the kidney transplanted. Walker admits he is shaken by his experience. Meanwhile, Candy says, "Every time I see someone smoking e-cigarettes, I show them pictures of Walker in the hospital and ask, 'Do you understand that you could end up like this?'"
1.Why did Walker smoke e-cigarettes heavily?
A.He thought smoking e-cigarettes cool and safe.
B.He unwillingly entered a new environment.
C.He couldn't adapt to the new campus quickly.
D.He was given much pressure by his teachers.
2.How did the e-cigarettes cause Walker's disease?
A.By reducing his weight sharply. B.By giving off poisonous gas.
C.By spreading the adenovirus. D.By speeding breath failure.
3.What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A.Walker has realized the dangers of e-cigarettes.
B.Walker promises to warn others of e-cigarettes.
C.Walker had kidneys transplanted before leaving hospital.
D.Walker has recovered completely from his disease.
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A.The Smoking Expenses B.Walker and E-cigarettes
C.The Harm of E-cigarettes D.A Brave Teenager—Walker















答案以及解析
1.答案：1-3.ACD
解析：本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过Dorothy在落后贫穷的偏远地区乐观、努力、奉献执教并取得丰硕成果的故事,说明了“在哪里存在就在哪里绽放”,无论在哪里,都可以成功的道理。
1.细节理解题。根据第三段中的"From the moment of my arrival at the little school, all gloom(忧郁) disappeared. Upon arriving at Dorothy's classroom, I was greeted with smiling faces and treated like a queen. The children had been prepared to show me their latest projects."可知,作者到达学校后所有的忧郁都消失了。一到Dorothy的教室,作者就被笑脸相迎,像女王一样被对待。孩子们准备给作者看他们最新的作品。即作者一到教室,就受到了热烈欢迎。故选A。
2.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的"When it came time to sit for the testing and interviewing required to receive her Child Development Associate Certification, Dorothy was ready. She came to the assessment(评价) and passed in all areas. (当需要参加测试和面试以获得儿童发展助理证书时,Dorothy已经准备好了。她参加了评估,各方面都通过了。)"可知, Dorothy通过了全部需要的考核。故选C。
3.推理判断题。根据第一段中的"In my living room, there is a plaque (匾) that advises me to 'Bloom(开花) where you are planted. ' It reminds me of Dorothy."和"Dorothy stands out in my memory as one who 'bloomed' in her remote area."可知,作者客厅里有一块匾,告知作者“在哪里存在,就在哪里绽放。”这使作者想起了Dorothy的故事,Dorothy在作者的记忆中就是一个在偏远地区“开花结果”的人。下文讲述了Dorothy在落后贫穷的偏远地区乐观、努力、奉献执教并取得丰硕成果的故事,来进一步说明无论在哪里,都可以成功的道理。故选D。
2.答案：1-3.DAA
解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要陈述了目前英国器官捐赠的问题。虽然英国人支持器官捐赠但很少人付诸行动,每年英国有400多人在等待移植器官时死亡。
1.细节理解题。根据第一段的"It' s a tragedy(悲剧) that could be avoided: every year, more than 400 people in Britain die while waiting for a replacement organ for their bodies.(这是一个可以避免的悲剧:每年,英国有超过400人在等待移植器官时死亡。)"可知,该段中的悲剧是指许多患者因为没有等到移植器官而死亡。故选D。
2.细节理解题。根据第四段中的"according to the NHS, 90 per cent of the British strongly support organ donation, but only 23 per cent are on the organ-donor list.(根据NHS,90%的英国人强烈支持器官捐赠,但只有23%的人在器官捐献者名单上)"可知,大多数英国人支持器官捐赠但不采取行动。故选A。
3.主旨大意题。纵观全文可知,本文主要分析器官捐赠的悲剧,那就是虽然有很多人支持,但极少有人愿意捐赠。A项"Analysing the tragedy of organ donation.(分析器官捐赠的悲剧)"符合以上说法。故选A。
3.答案：1-4.ACCD
解析：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个家庭中最小的儿子思维能力发展缓慢,他也没有其他兄弟们的智慧,因此常常是母亲生活和烦恼的发泄目标。但一次征兵测试者说的话鼓励了这个孩子。二十年后这个最年轻的儿子成了一个成功的商人,受到人们的欣赏和尊重。
1.细节理解题。根据第一段的“Unfortunately, the youngest son developed slow thinking skills, not having the intelligence of his brothers.”以及第二段的“… the target of anger and annoyance”可知,小儿子不如哥哥们聪明,所以经常被他的母亲责备。故选A。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段的“With double duty as the mother of the household, she was exhausted, so that the youngest was often the target of anger and annoyance.”可推测,这位母亲缺乏耐心,脾气也不够好。故选C。
3.细节理解题。由倒数第二段可知,20年后,这个最年轻的小儿子成了一名成功的商人。故选C。
4.主旨大意题。根据文章特别是最后一段可知,心态和信念在我们内心深处是成功背后的力量。敢想,它就能在现实中实现。故选D。
4.答案：1.D; 2.C; 3.B
解析：1.根据第二段第二句"Consuming too much coffee, soda, and prepackaged drinks may increase production of urine (尿液), which may lead to dehydration."可知,喝过多的咖啡、苏打水和预先包装好的饮品可能会增加尿液的产生,这或许会导致脱水。由此可知,少喝一些特定的饮品可以避免脱水。故选D。
2.根据第三段第二句中的"Vitamin C helps with absorbing iron and decreasing bruising(淤伤)’’可知, 维生素C有助于铁的吸收并减少淤伤。因此,缺乏维生素C将会导致眼下出现淤伤。故选C。
3.根据关键句可推知,减肥的人应该避免体重突然下降。故选B。
5.答案：1.B; 2.A; 3.C
解析：1.根据第三段第二句"I really don't think a home furnishing store is a good dating place for seniors."和倒数第二段最后两句"IKEA is a shop; it exists to provide a service for a reasonable profit. It is not a public park." 以及最后一段最后一句"It is ugly to take up seats such long durations while you make others wait." 可知,这三个人反对顾客在不消费的情况下占用自助餐厅座位的行为,即有三个人支持宜家的这项新规定。故选B。
2.The policy is in response to an elderly blind dating group that occupies seats for a long time, consuming only their own food brought from home.(第一段第三句) 译文:这项政策是对长期占据座位的一个老年人相亲团体的回应,他们只吃自己从家里带来的食物。根据关键句可推知,这些老年人长期占据座位且不在店内消费(的行为)影响到了宜家的生意, 因此宜家出台了这项新的规定。故选A。
3.根据第二段最后一句"If anything, the store should at least sympathize with these old people."可知, Lee Xin认为宜家应该同情这些老年人;根据第五段第二句"So a noble man always leaves more space for seniors' love affairs!”可知,SEARU认为一个高尚的人总是会为老年人的爱情留出更多的空间;根据倒数第三段最后一句 "If there is another place in Shanghai where elderly people can gather, we are more than ready to pay twice as much and travel further. "可知,Mr. Qiu 认为如果上海还有另外一个老年人可以聚集的地方,他们甚至愿意支付两倍的价钱去更远的地方。由此可推知,不支持该项新规定的人士认为这个社会太过吹毛求疵且缺乏(对老年人的)理解。故选C。
6.答案：1.B; 2.C; 3.B; 4.D
解析：1.本文是一篇人物传记。文章主要介绍了 20世纪最伟大的画家之一——Mark Rothko的生平及其艺术风格。【关键句】His father immigrated to the United States, fearing that his son would be drafted(招募) into the Czarist army.(第一段第二句)译文:他的父亲移民到了美国,担心自己的儿子会被招募进沙皇军队。根据第一段内容尤其是关键句可知,Mark Rothko的父亲移居美国,他和母亲、姐姐临时待在俄罗斯,后来经过12天的航行才到美国与父亲重聚。文中Mark Rothko并没有受到军队的招募。故选B。
2.【关键句】II was while he was visiting someone at the Art Students League that he saw students sketching a nude model. According to him, this was the start of his life as an artist.(第二段第二、三句)译文:就在他去艺术学生会拜访某人的时候,他看到学生们在画裸体模特的素描。据他说,这是他作为一名艺术家生活的开始。【解题思路】根据关键句可知,看到学生们画画让Mark Rothko开始想要成为一名艺术家。故选C。
3.【关键句】The work of modernists, which was influenced by primitive (原始的)art, according to him, could be compared to that of children in that "Child art transforms itself into primitivism (原始主义), which is only the child producing a mimicry(模仿)of himself."(第三段第二句) 译文:在他看来,受原始艺术影响的现代主义者的作品可以与儿童的作品相比较,“儿童艺术将自身转化为原始主义,这只是儿童对自己的模仿。”根据关键句可知,Mark Rothko认为现代艺术作品与儿童艺术作品有相似之处是因为它们都表达了原始主义风格。故选B。
4.通读全文并结合最后一段第四、五句中的"his mother Kate died in October 1948 and it was at some point during that winter that Rothko chanced upon the striking symmetrical (对称的)rectangular blocks of two to three opposing or contrasting, yet complementary colors (补色).As part of this new uniformity of artistic vision" 可知, 1948年冬天Rothko偶然发现了显著的对称矩形方块是由两到三种对立却互补的颜色组成的,此后他逐渐发展了自己的视觉艺术风格。由此可推知,Mark Rothko的艺术风格是在1948年逐渐形成的。故选D。
7.答案：1-4.DAAD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段第二句"Despite losing a large part of her income, Novak knew she had another source(来源) to depend on: Tik Tok."及最后一句中的"doing another type of workout while making money through brand partnerships"可知,尽管Novak因疫情失去了大部分收入,但是Novak通过Tik Tok吸引了很多粉丝,从而帮助她谋生。故选D。
2.词义猜测题。根据第四段中的"Tik Tok has managed to be a win-win situation for the platform's creators and brands looking to reach specific audiences"可知, Tik Tok成功地创造了一个既有利于平台创造者又有利于想要接触特定受众的品牌商的双赢局面。结合画线词所在句可推知,社交媒体应用程序和受欢迎程度一直是不稳定的,所以画线词应意为"不稳定的",与A项意思相近。故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句"'It's a bit nerve-wracking(伤脑筋的), but I think right now, from what I'm hearing, it sounds like it may not be banned, but it's still very uncertain. '"可知, Gach对有可能实施的禁令感到紧张,压力很大。故选A。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文通过讲述在疫情期间,Novak和Gach依靠国际版抖音Tik Tok吸引粉丝来增加收入,从而维持生活以及可能实施的“禁令”对他们造成的影响来说明人们对社交平台的依赖。故选D。
8.答案：1-4.CACA
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段第二至七句"Her head hurt... Now, years later, she still struggles with those symptoms of a flu."可知,过了许多年, Lauren DeLand现在仍然遭受着这些症状的折磨。由此可推知,她现在仍然头疼。故选C。
2.词义猜测题。根据第二段第二、三句"They started slowly. Because of her disease, sparing time to rejuvenate herself properly from physical exercise is vital, so they travelled around 20 miles daily."并结合第一段中提到的Lauren的症状可知,在旅途中,Lauren和丈夫需要经常停下来休息,以使Lauren恢复体力。由此可推知, rejuvenate应意为“恢复”,与A项意思相近。故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句"Lauren said, 'The knowledge gained from years of trial and error allowed us to carefully plan and pack our food. '"可推知, Lauren和丈夫从多年的不断摸索中获得的知识来仔细地计划和保存他们的食物。故选C。
4.标题概括题。通读全文尤其是最后一段最后一句"It's absolutely been healing us both."可知,这次旅行对Lauren和她的丈夫来说是一次治愈之旅 。A项是最适合文章的标题。故选A。
9.答案：1-4 BCBA
解析：1.段落大意题。通读第二段内容尤其是第一句"Most traditional party foods contain large amounts of sugar."和第四句“Still, most party foods include large amounts of unhealthy fats.”可分,传统聚会中的食品都含有大量糖分和不健康脂肪。由此可知,第二段表明,大多数传统聚会中的食物是不健康的。故选B。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段第二、三句“Perhaps, one of the best choices for ensuring everyone can comfortably participate is to offer a large plate of fresh vegetables and a fresh fruit dish. Guacamole is a great accompaniment.”可知,确保每个人都能舒适地参加聚会的最佳选择之一就是提供一大盘新鲜蔬菜和一盘新鲜水果。鳄梨酱是(它们的)最佳搭配。由此可推知,鳄梨酱是健康的聚会食物,故选C。
3.词义猜测题。根据第五段第一句“And finally, be sure to let your health-conscious guests know that there are some food choices by making a small disclaimer on your invitation. This may make the difference between an acceptance or a refusal.”可知,最后在你的邀请函上做一个小小的说明,确保你那些有健康意识的客人知道聚会上有一些可供选择的食物。由此可推知, disclaimer应意为“说明”,与instruction意思相近。故选B。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要讲述了在传统的聚会中的许多食品都是不健康的,并给出了如何在聚会中提供更多健康食品的建议。故选A。
10.答案：1-4.CDAB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句"Within weeks, given the pressures of adjusting to a new campus, he was smoking a pack or more a day."可知, Walker吸了大量的电子烟是因为他无法快速地适应新校园。故选C。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的"'it was the e-cigarettes that led to his breath failure, which contributed to the spread of the adenovirus'"可知,电子烟导致Walker呼吸衰竭,从而加速了(他体内)腺病毒的扩散。故选D。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第二句"Walker admits he is shaken by his experience."可知, Walker对自己(因吸电子烟而生病)的经历感到震惊。由此可推知, Walker从自己经历中意识到了电子烟的危害。故选A。
4.标题概括题。通读全文可知,本文主要讲述了大学生Walker因大量吸电子烟而引发了严重的疾病,进而说明了电子烟的危害。B项"Walker和电子烟"概括了本文的主旨,是本文的最佳标题。故选B。