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2021学年Unit 3 Sea Exploration图片课件ppt
展开Perid Three Grammar—Review f the infinitive
达标检测 当堂检测 基础达标演练
语法导学 感悟规律 重点难点剖析
感知以下课文原句,补全方框下的小题
1.T cmplete the great map f the wrld was a strng passin fr the peple f early Pl’s tales inspired Eurpean explrers t search fr sea rutes frm west t ,merchants frm China and many ther places met t negtiate trade deals,which als led t mre awareness f each ther’s fleets were a sight t behld and were in a league f their wn at that time.
感悟规律 重点难点剖析
5.T reach ut acrss the sea remains a strng desire aim f this initiative is t encurage cperatin and trade acrss the histric Silk Rad areas,and strengthen the bnds between China and the rest f the has grwn greatly in recent years,and will cntinue t d s in years t has invested billins in systems and services alng these rutes,which will help t greatly develp the whle area fr the benefit f future trade and cultural exchange.
9.Hundreds f years n,and with the latest technlgy in hand,the need t trade and the desire t enhance relatinships will drive China t reach ut acrss the sea far int the future.
1.以上句子皆用了动词不定式。动词不定式在句中可充当 (如句1、5), (如句7、8), (如句2), (如句6), (如句4、9),及 (如句3)。2.动词不定式一般时的结构为: ;动词不定式完成时的结构为: 。
一、动词不定式的时态1.一般时动词不定式的一般时(t d)所表示的动作通常与谓语动词所表示的动作(或状态)同时发生,或是在它之后发生。I nticed him g ut.我看见他出去了。(ntice与g ut同时发生)I plan t attend the party t be held tmrrw.我打算参加明天举行的聚会。(attend的动作在plan后发生)
2.进行时动词不定式的进行时(t be ding)表示不定式的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。They are reprted t be wrking hard.据报道他们正努力地工作。(be reprted与wrk同时发生)I am very glad t be wrking with yu.我非常乐意与你一起工作。(be glad与wrk同时发生)3.完成时动词不定式的完成时(t have dne)表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。I’m very srry t have kept yu waiting fr a lng time.很抱歉让你久等了。(keep发生在be srry前)
He is believed t have cme.相信他已经来了。(cme发生在believe前)
[名师点津] (1)在intended,expected,hped,prmised,wanted,wished,thught等后常用动词不定式的完成时,表示过去没有实现的愿望、期待或计划等。(2)在seem,appear,think,cnsider,believe等表示看法与想法的动词后常用动词不定式的完成时,表示该动作先于另一个动作发生。此结构也常用以it作形式主语的结构代替。(3)常见的可接动词不定式完成时的形容词有:happy,sad,disappinted,satisfied,likely,surprised等。
I hped t have finished the wrk earlier.我本希望早点儿完成那项工作。I intended t have helped yu.我本打算帮助你。He seems t have bught the new bk.=It seems that he has bught the new bk.他好像已买了那本新书。She is nt likely t have gt ur letter.她很可能还没收到我们的信。
二、动词不定式的语态1.主动语态和被动语态(1)动词不定式有主动语态和被动语态两种形式;(2)在主动语态中动词不定式与其逻辑主语之间构成主动关系;(3)在被动语态中动词不定式与其逻辑主语之间构成被动关系;有一般时t be dne和完成时t have been dne两种形式。We were very excited t hear the news.听到那则消息,我们很兴奋。It’s a great hnur fr me t be invited.能被邀请,甚是荣幸。(me是invite动作的承受者)N harm seems t have been dne.似乎并没有什么危害发生。(harm是d的承受者;且发生在seem前)
2.动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义(1)动词不定式作定语与被修饰词构成动宾关系,同时与句中另一名词或代词有逻辑上的主谓关系时。We have masses f wrk t d tday.Hurry up!今天,我们有很多工作要做。快点儿!(2)在“be+性质形容词+动词不定式”结构中。The water is nt fit t drink,s hld ut until we get t a shp.这水不能喝,所以坚持住,直到我们找到商店。(3)动词不定式与疑问代词连用时。What t d next hasn’t been decided.下一步该做什么还没有决定。
(4)在“be t blame”中常用主动形式表示被动意义。I felt I was t blame fr this bicycle accident.我觉得这次自行车事故怪我。(5)当动词不定式的逻辑主语不清楚或不是句子的主语时,此时主动和被动结构都可用,而且在语意上并没有多大区别。He is the very man t chse/t be chsen fr the wrk.他正是这项工作的最佳人选。Give me a list f peple t invite/t be invited.给我一份需要邀请的人的名单。
三、动词不定式的结构1.带t的动词不定式能直接跟带t的动词不定式结构的动词主要有ask,tell,hpe,wish,learn,decide,want,frget,lve,stp等。I want t g t the mvies with yu.我想跟你一起去看电影。Dn’t frget t turn ff the light befre yu leave.在你离开之前别忘了关灯。
2.省略t的动词不定式在feel,hear,listen t,make,let,have,see,lk at,watch,ntice,bserve等使役动词和感官动词(短语)后,动词不定式作宾语补足语时常省略t。I felt the earth shake at that mment.那时,我感到地球在晃动。I ften hear him sing the sng.我经常听见他唱这首歌。
[名师点津] 这些词在变为被动语态时,t不能省略,此时不定式作主语补足语。He is ften heard t sing the sng.他经常被人听见唱这首歌。
[巧学助记] 不带t的不定式作宾语补足语有些动词(短语)跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去t,具体如下:一感:feel二听:hear,listen t三让:let,have,make四看:bserve,see,watch,ntice
3.动词不定式的省略与替代在expect,hpe,wish,mean,prefer,frget,want,try及used t,wuld like,shuld lve等后面常常使用t来替代前面的不定式,以避免重复。I haven’t been t the Great Wall,but I wish t.我没有去过长城,但是我希望去。—Wuld yu like t g with us?—I hpe t,but I am t busy.——你能和我们一起去吗?——我想去,但是我太忙了。He desn’t like playing ftball,but he used t.他不喜欢踢足球,但是他过去喜欢。
China is nt what she used t be.中国不再是从前的中国了。—Didn’t he tell yu t attend the meeting?—N,I ught t have been (tld).——他没有告诉你要开会吗?——是的,我本该被告知的。4.动词不定式的否定在不定式标志t前加上nt,即“nt t d”。Tell him nt t pen the dr.告诉他别开门。
[名师点津] 倘若承前省略的不定式中含有be或have的任何形式,要保留be或have或其相应的某种形式。
四、动词不定式的语法功能1.动词不定式可以在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语或状语(目的、原因、结果或条件)。T see is t believe.眼见为实。He wanted t g.他想去。He asked me t d the wrk with him.他让我和他一起做那项工作。
The farmers thught f ways t prtect their crps.农民们想出了保护庄稼的办法。Check yur cmpsitin t avid mistakes.为避免错误,检查一下你的作文。2.需要注意的几个问题(1)动词不定式短语作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语。It is right t give up smking.戒烟是对的。(2)动词不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把动词不定式放在宾语补足语之后,而用it作形式宾语。I find it very interesting t study English.我发现学英语很有趣。
(3)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词或动词不定式所修饰的名词是动词不定式动作的地点、工具等,动词不定式后须有相应的介词。There is nthing t wrry abut.没有什么可以担忧的。He is lking fr a rm t live in.他正在寻找房子住。Please give me a knife t cut with.请给我一把切东西的刀子。
(4)不定式作目的状语除了用“t d”表示外,还可以使用in rder t d或s as t d。We turned the lights ff in rder nt t waste electricity.为了不浪费电,我们关了那些灯。(5)动词不定式作结果状语时常常表示一种出乎意料的结果,其前往往有nly作为标志。He hurried t the schl,nly t find nbdy there.他急忙赶到学校,结果发现没人在那儿。She gt t the statin hurriedly,nly t find the train had gne.她匆匆忙忙赶到车站,发现火车已经开走了。
It hasn’t rained fr a mnth,making the crps hard t grw.一个月没下雨了,使庄稼很难生长。(6)动词不定式在句中作插入语,常用的这类动词不定式短语有:t tell the truth说实话;t be frank坦白地说;t be exact确切地说;t begin with首先等。T tell the truth,I dn’t agree with yu.说实话,我不同意你的意见。
[名师点津] 现在分词(短语)作结果状语常常表示一种意料之中的结果。
当堂检测 基础达标演练
1.Chinese researchers hpe t use the instruments nbard Chang’e-4 (find) and study areas f the Suth Ple-Aitken basin.(2020·全国Ⅰ)2.Bamb plants are assciated with health,abundance and a happy hme.They are easy (care) fr and make great presents.(2020·全国Ⅱ)3.But sme students didn’t want (wear) the unifrm.(2019·浙江)4.The children talked s ludly at dinner table that I had t struggle (hear).
5.When we gt a call (say)she was shrt-listed,we thught it was a jke.(2019·全国Ⅱ)6.I didn’t mean t eat anything but the ice cream lked s gd that I culdn’t help (try) frced herself (be) plite t them.8. (enjy) the cnvenience f digital payment,many senir citizens started t use smart man (circulate) the fake news that 18 firefighters lst their lives in the explsin was arrested.
circulating
10.It tk her three hurs (repair) her up her “Lifetime Achievement” award,prud Irene declared she had n plans (retire) frm her 36-year-ld business.(2019·全国Ⅱ)12.Mdern methds f tracking plar bear ppulatins have been emplyed nly since the mid-1980s,and are expensive (perfrm) cnsistently ver a large area.(2019·全国Ⅰ)
Ⅱ.语法填空 A man lking at his smartphne while walking acrss a railway crssing in Nanjing 13. (have) a clse knck yesterday.He was s 14. (absrb) in his smartphne that he didn’t see a train appraching until it brushed past him,
语篇解读 如今手机上瘾现象非常严重,对人们的生活有着很大的危害。文章告诉我们是我们的自控力和自我约束力差导致了此种现象,并非手机本身的问题。解析 考查时态。根据时间“yesterday”可知,此处是在描述发生在过去的事情,故用一般过去时。解析 考查固定短语。be absrbed in“专心致志于,全神贯注于”,是固定短语。
15. (thrw)him t the grund.This shuld serve 16. a warning that peple shuld be aware f their surrundings,especially 17.________________crssing rads.
解析 考查现在分词。根据语境可知,此处表示“火车与他擦身而过,把他摔在了地上”,train和thrw之间是主谓关系,故用现在分词作结果状语。解析 考查固定结构。serve as意为“起作用,产生效果”,此处表示“这应该给人们起一个警告作用”。解析 考查连词。根据语境可知,此处表示“尤其是当过马路的时候”,故用when或while,此处是“主语+系动词”的省略。可还原为:especially when/while they are crssing rads。
18. (lucky),the man survived a brush with death,but the incident frced the driver 19. (stp) the train.An 18-minute delay fllwed the incident,20. led t a break in the running f ther trains n the rute.
解析 考查副词。幸运的是,这个男子与死亡擦肩而过,但是这个事件迫使驾驶员停下了火车。在句首应该用lucky的副词形式来修饰整个句子,大写首字母,故填Luckily。解析 考查动词不定式。frce sb. t d sth. 意为“迫使某人做某事”。解析 考查非限制性定语从句。因为这件事耽搁了18分钟,导致路线上其他火车的运行中断了。此处用which引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面的“An 18-minute delay”。
Smartphne 21. (addicted) has spread like an infectius disease.It’s evident that it will d great harm t sciety.What’s even 22. (bad),sme addicts becme impatient with relatives and friends.
解析 考查名词。分析句子成分可知,此处作主语,意为“手机上瘾”,故用addicted的名词形式addictin,意为“上瘾”,addict作为名词时,意为“对……着迷的人”,此处不符合语境。解析 考查形容词比较级。what’s even wrse意为“甚至更糟糕的是”,even修饰比较级,故用wrse。
Sme peple blame the smartphne fr the tragedy,yet in fact peple’s weakening self-cntrl and self-discipline are t blame.
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