高中人教版 (2019)Unit 3 Environmental Protection课后测评

这是一份高中人教版 (2019)Unit 3 Environmental Protection课后测评，共11页。试卷主要包含了A century ag，St等内容，欢迎下载使用。


Today rainforests are disappearing from the surface of the globe.Despite growing international concern，rainforests continue to be destroyed at a pace of over 80,000 acres per day. World rainforest cover now stands at around 2.5 million square miles.Human activities have had an effect on much of this remaining area.
Deforestation(滥伐森林) of rainforests has a global effect on the disappearance of species and the loss of renewable resources.Most people agree that the problem must be solved，but the means are not as simple as building fences around the remaining rainforests or banning the wood trade.Economic，political，and social pressures will not allow rainforests to continue to exist if they are completely closed off from use and development.
So，what should be done to protect rainforests？The solution must be based on what is very practical and depend on developing an approach built on the principle of sustainable use and development of rainforests.Beyond the responsible development of rainforests，efforts to restore damaged forest lands along with protected areas are the key to securing rainforests for the long­term benefits they can provide for mankind.
Historic approaches to rainforest protection have failed，①as shown by the increased rate of deforestation.In many regions，closing off forests as untouchable parks and reserves has neither improved the quality of living or economic opportunities for the rural poor，nor stopped forest clearing by illegal woodcutters and developers.
The problem with this traditional approach to preserving wildland in developing countries ②is that it fails to develop proper economic motives for preserving the forest.Local people and the government itself must see economic returns to prove the costs of maintaining(维持) parks from economic activities.
靓句运用于写作
①As scheduled，our team will take part in an important game.(2019·全国Ⅱ，书面表达)
②The most important thing for me is that I can do something meaningful.
(2019·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)
Period One　Reading and Thinking—Comprehending

品句猜词——请预读下列课文原句，并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思。
1．A warming ocean and atmosphere along with melting ice and rising sea levels provide evidence of a dramatic change in the global climate.融化的
2．An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body，the bear appeared to have starved and died.挨饿
3．The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths.释放；排放
4．Without this process，Earth could not sustain life.维持
5．Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions，this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay.趋势；趋向
6．In fact，news reports are frequently broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves causing deaths and economic losses.频繁地，经常　广播


1．What does the passage mainly tell us?
A．Some polar bears died of starvation.
B．What the greenhouse effect is.
C．How the polar bears find food.
D．Global warming has caused some disasters and we must pay attention to it.
答案　D
2.Read the passage and match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para.1 A．We need to do something to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Para.2 B．The rise in temperature has caused natural disasters.
Para.3 C．Earth is getting warmer and warmer.
Para.4 D．A dead polar bear was found，which alarmed some experts.
Para.5 E．Why is Earth getting warmer and warmer?
答案　Para.1　C　Para.2　D　Para.3　E　Para.4　B　 Para.5　A



Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1．From the second paragraph we can learn that .
A．all the polar bears have died of starvation
B．the expert knows nothing about the polar bear
C．the polar bear couldn’t find enough food because of climate change
D．the polar bear liked travelling long distances
答案　C
2．According to the passage， help(s) Earth sustain life.
A．the natural greenhouse effect
B．the man­made greenhouse effect
C．the carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere
D．greenhouse gases produced by people
答案　A
3．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A．According to climate scientists，the warming trend will stop.
B．Extreme weather results from the rise in temperature.
C．People should burn more fossil fuels.
D．It is the government’s responsibility to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
答案　B
4．We can learn from the passage that .
A．it doesn’t matter whether we pay attention to global warming or not
B．heat from the sun keeps Earth habitable
C．the rise in temperature doesn’t affect people’s life
D．the rise in temperature only affects some animals
答案　B

After reading the passage，please fill in the following blanks.
There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.In 2013，many people 1.were shocked(shock) by a news photo of a dead polar bear which appeared to have starved and died. Experts claimed that low sea­ice levels 2.caused(cause) by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before，so it had to travel greater distance 3.to find(find) food.Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temperature？Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the “greenhouse effect”，4.which has two common meanings: the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man­made” greenhouse effect.The “man­made” greenhouse effect has now become 5.a big problem.There is strong and comprehensive evidence 6.that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide.In fact，news reports are 7.frequently(frequent) broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves 8.causing(cause) deaths and economic losses.Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further warming and long­lasting changes to the global climate.This requires the attention of people all over the world.We as individuals can reduce our “carbon footprint” by 9.restricting(restrict) the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce.It is our responsibility 10.to seize(seize) every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming.

1．Experts claimed that low sea­ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before，so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food.
[句式分析]　该句为复合句。Experts claimed 是主句；that引导宾语从句，作claimed的宾语；该宾语从句中的the bear could not hunt seals as before也是宾语从句，作meant的宾语；caused by climate change是过去分词作后置定语，修饰low sea­ice levels；so连接的是并列句。
[自主翻译]　专家称，气候变化导致的海冰降低意味着北极熊不能像以前那样猎取海豹了，所以它不得不走更远的距离去寻找食物。
2．There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide，not only causing serious damage，but also costing human lives.
[句式分析]　该句为复合句。There is strong and comprehensive evidence是主句；that引导同位语从句；not only...but also...不但……而且……，在此处连接两个现在分词作结果状语。
[自主翻译]　有充分和详尽的证据表明：气温的上升导致了全球范围内极端天气和自然灾害的增加，不但造成了严重的破坏，而且还损害了很多人的生命。
3．Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions，this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay.
[句式分析]　此句是复合句。Climate scientists have warned是主句；that引导宾语从句；if引导条件状语从句。
[自主翻译]　气候专家警告说，如果我们不采取适当的行动，这种变暖趋势可能会继续下去，并付出更高的代价。
4．It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming，along with its causes and impacts，because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.
[句式分析]　此句是复合句。because引导原因状语从句；it是形式主语，真正的主语是to seize every opportunity...；affecting all of us on this planet是现在分词作后置定语，修饰issue。
[自主翻译]　抓住每个机会来教育大家了解全球变暖及其原因和影响的知识是我们的责任，因为这是影响地球上所有人的最严重的问题。

Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
People living in the UK take quite a few holidays abroad and in the country each year.Choices made about where to go，how to get there and what to do can either benefit or harm the environment.
While on holiday
Many of the things you can do to be greener on holiday will be the same things you can do at home—but there are also some extra things too，like avoiding gifts made from endangered plants and animals.Here are some suggestions：
·Making the most of locally produced food and drink，and local activities and attractions will support people in the area you are visiting and reduce the need for further environmental influence from transport.
·Switching off any air­conditioning，heating and lights will help reduce climate change effect.
·Save water—some countries suffer from water shortages and saving water can help avoid damage to our natural habitats.
Endangered species
Some gifts and foods available in some countries can be made from endangered plants or animals.Check before you buy，but if you doubt，avoid animal and plant gifts.More details of the types of products to avoid any illegal trade hotspots can be found on the Souvenir Alert webpage.
Making a positive contribution to the place you are visiting
There are ways in which your holiday can help support local people and the environment.
·There are many opportunities to volunteer and help with projects that conserve and improve natural habitats.
·When you are away，or if you are looking for somewhere to visit，you can support projects or attractions which protect wildlife，such as nature reserves and conservation projects.
语篇解读　本文主要讲述了旅游时如何做到保护环境、保护野生动植物，文中就此给出了一些建议。

1．According to the passage，we can to help reduce climate change effect.
A．make good use of water
B．buy local food and drink
C．save electricity
D．go around on foot
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据While on holiday中的“Switching off any air­conditioning，heating and lights will help reduce climate change effect.”可知，减少气候变化影响可以从节约用电着手。
2．We should check the gifts and foods before buying because .
A．sometimes they are of poor quality
B．they may not be typical local products
C．some of them will do harm to our health
D．they may be made from endangered animals or plants
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据Endangered species部分的第一、二句可知，答案为D。
3．We can infer from the passage that .
A．it is not easy for people to travel abroad
B．not everyone can tell an illegal souvenir
C．green holidays have been accepted by people
D．volunteer work is a must for protecting natural habitats
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据常识并结合Endangered species部分中的第二句“...but if you doubt，avoid animal and plant gifts.”可知，并不是每个人都能辨别非法纪念品。
4．The passage is mainly about .
A．travel enjoyment
B．the harm to the environment
C．protection of endangered animals
D．greener choices for holiday
答案　D
解析　主旨大意题。本文主要叙述旅游时如何做到保护环境、保护野生动植物。故答案为D。
B
Tuvalu，a tiny country in the Pacific Ocean，has asked for help as it fears it will be swallowed up by the sea.
Storms and huge waves are a constant threat and none of Tuvalu’s nine little islands is more than five meters above sea level.Salt water is already entering the country’s drinking water supply，as well as damaging plants that produce fruit and vegetables.Without urgent help，the country’s days are numbered.
But Tuvalu is not the first place to face sinking into the sea.Venice，a historic city in Italy best known for its canals，has sunk about 24cm over the past 100 years.Experts say that it will have sunk another 24cm by 2050.A century ago，St.Mark’s Square，the lowest point in the city，flooded about nine times a year.Nowadays，it happens more than 100 times.While Venice is slowly sinking into the mud on which it stands，Tuvalu’s rising sea level is caused by global warming.
The average global temperature has increased by almost 0.5 centigrade degrees over the past century，scientists expect it to rise by extra 1.3 degrees over the next 100 years.
Warmer weather makes glaciers(冰川) melt，adding more water to the ocean.The warmer temperatures also make water expand，so it takes up more space，causing the sea level to rise.The sea level has risen 10.25cm in the last 100 years.
The main cause of global warming is human pollution.Through burning coal，oil and gas，people have been increasing the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere，such as CO2.This adds to the power of the greenhouse effect，making the planet even warmer.
Many scientists believe that，if the warming is not stopped，there will be huge climate changes.The sea level could rise by one meter this century.
Should this come true，the sea will swallow up millions of homes and the world will be flooded with “climate refugees” looking for somewhere to live.
语篇解读　本文介绍一个因为海平面上升而处在危险中的国家，从而引出全球变暖的问题，并陈述了全球变暖的原因，旨在引起人们的关注。

5．We can infer from the second paragraph that .
A．Tuvalu is in danger of being swallowed up by the sea
B．all Tuvalu’s islands are about five meters above the sea level
C．drinking water in Tuvalu has been destroyed
D．Tuvalu is often flooded by storms and waves
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，在图瓦卢，海水已经进入饮用水供应系统，并且淹没了一些植物，故选项A(图瓦卢处在被海水淹没的危险中)正确。
6．The author uses Tuvalu and Venice as examples in order to explain .
A．they are the first places sinking into the sea
B．they are both sinking into the mud where they stand
C．they will disappear in the future
D．their trouble is caused by global warming
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，文章列举这两个例子是为了说明他们的问题都是由全球变暖造成的。故选D。
7．What does the underlined phrase “climate refugees” mean?
A．People who are forced away from their homeland by climate.
B．Climate changes.
C．Rare animals.
D．Climate effect.
答案　A
解析　词义猜测题。根据最后一段所表达的意思：如果上述情况成为现实的话，海面会淹没数百万的家，整个世界都是在寻找地方住的“climate refugees”，故“climate refugees”的意思是“由于气候变化被迫离开家园的人”。故选A。
8．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A．Tuvalu’s nine little islands are less than five meters above the sea level.
B．The average global temperature has risen by 13 centigrade degrees over the past 100 years.
C．The warmer temperature causes the sea level to rise.
D．There will be huge climate changes unless the warming is stopped.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段可知，在过去的一百年，全球的平均气温几乎增加了0.5摄氏度，而不是B项中的13摄氏度，故选B。
C
Chicken feathers are useful，and not just to chickens.Some go into pillows，coats and other products.But countless chicken feathers go to waste.
In the United States，billions of chickens are produced yearly.Most of their feathers are thrown away.But instead of ending up in landfills(废物埋填地)，some feathers could find a future in plastics.
Scientists in the Washington area have been working with keratin，the main substance(物质) in chicken feathers.One of the products they have developed is a flowerpot which may look like other flowerpots，but the container breaks down in the earth within one to five years.And as it breaks down，it releases nitrogen(氮) into the soil.
The environmentally friendly flowerpot is the work of two researchers Walter Schmidt and Masud Huda.Walter Schmidt has been working to find uses for chicken feathers since the 1990s.Progress in 2002 showed that plastic made from feathers could be formed like other plastics.
He says feathers are much stronger and last longer than another plant material，cellulose(纤维素)．“Feathers are about eight times as strong as cellulose.By design，feathers are strong and durable(耐用的)．”
Walter Schmidt also points out that traditional flowerpots can last much longer.But he wonders if there is really a need.He says most flowerpots are never reused.
“Why would you want a plastic that you use for a year to last for two hundred years？It makes no sense.You want to match the product with the use，” he says.
Walter Schmidt and Masud Huda are now adding another chicken product to their flowerpots—chicken waste.The waste will add more nutrients to the soil as the pot breaks down.The scientists say they hope their flowerpots will be on the market in a year or two.
语篇解读　两位科学家从鸡毛里面提取了一种物质，将其制成花盆。这种花盆一到五年内可以分解，释放出氮。这样不仅不会破坏环境，反而对环境有好处。

9．What is this passage mainly about?
A．A new kind of flowerpot will be on the market.
B．Scientists find new uses for chicken feathers.
C．Chicken feathers are not only useful to chickens.
D．Billions of chickens are produced yearly in the US.
答案　B
解析　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要是讲两位科学家从鸡毛里面提取了一种物质，将其制成花盆，使鸡毛有了新的用处。故选B。
10．From Paragraph 2 we know that .
A．the US produces the most chickens around the world
B．all chicken feathers will be made into plastics in the future
C．chicken feathers will no longer be taken to landfills quite soon
D．most chicken feathers are not made use of in the US at present
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Most of their feathers are thrown away.”可知，目前在美国，大部分鸡毛都没有加以利用。
11．Which of the following is the main feature of the new flowerpot?
A．It looks quite different.
B．It can be used for years.
C．It is environmentally friendly.
D．It is made from waste.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。通读全文可知，这种新型花盆最大的特征是环保。第四段中的“The environmentally friendly flowerpot”也是提示。故选C。
12．Walter Schmidt most probably thinks .
A．people should reuse the same flowerpot
B．it is unnecessary for a flowerpot to last long
C．nowadays most products don’t match their use
D．people prefer to buy flowerpots which last long
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Walter Schmidt also points out that traditional flowerpots can last much longer.But he wonders if there is really a need.He says most flowerpots are never reused.”可推断，Walter Schmidt认为花盆没必要能用很多年。
Ⅱ.七选五
To meet the global climate crisis that is approaching，big lifestyle changes are required of those of us.The good news is that our way of life can remain meaningful and worthy as our consumption becomes sustainable.
1 Eat less meat and move toward a plant­based diet.This is one of the most effective things we can do because the food we now produce and consume is destroying the very ecosystems that we depend upon for survival.Here are some of the grim facts.
The U．S.uses about one­half of its land for agriculture. 2 For example，the U．S.uses over 90 million acres of good agricultural land to produce corn，which is mostly fed to livestock(家畜)．
With 7.6 billion people on earth，the demand for food is enormous and constantly on the rise.It’s easy to feel we can’t make a difference. 3 We should not ignore the power of the choices we make.
Even one person can make a big difference by eating less meat and moving toward a plant­based diet and make contributions to the health of the planet as well as your own.Recognize how the food we eat is connected to other living beings.It often helps us make much wiser buying choices. 4 This way，we will help people around the world enjoy more eco­friendly and nutritious foods.
5 When you change your diet to be more sustainable，you become visible proof that changing our food habits is doable，healthy，and enjoyable.
A．Little things matter in your relationship with the earth.
B．By buying mindfully，we support local，affordable agriculture.
C．But we can change our diet to heal the earth as we heal ourselves.
D．Unfortunately，the majority is used to raise livestock or for crops consumed by them.
E．Your choices create positive impacts on the food system and inspire the people around you.
F．There’s one step you can take right away to reduce harm to Mother Earth.
G．We can try to reduce waste by using leftovers and eating the fresh produce we buy.

1．答案　F
解析　与本段中“This is one of the most effective things we can do”呼应，本段主要讲少吃肉，转向植物性饮食是我们能马上做到减少对地球伤害的第一步。F项表达了此意，故选F。
2．答案　D
解析　空前讲美国大约一半的土地用于农业，空后讲生产的大部分粮食用来喂牲畜。结合选项可知，D项与前后文衔接紧密，故选D。
3．答案　C
解析　上句说的是：我们很容易感到我们无法改变世界需要粮食的现实，下句：我们不应该忽视我们做出的选择的力量。C项(我们可以通过改变我们的饮食使自己和地球都健康)承上启下连接前后文，故选C。
4．答案　B
解析　本段主要说明通过少吃肉和向植物性饮食转变，为地球的健康和你自己的健康做出贡献。上句“make much wiser buying choices”告诉我们要理性购买，B项(通过理性购买支持当地可负担的农业)符合本段意思。故选B。
5．答案　E
解析　本段号召每个人通过改变自己的饮食习惯并影响周围的人来为可持续发展做贡献，E项(你的选择会对食品系统产生积极的影响，同时鼓舞你周围的人)表达了此意，故选E。