选择性必修 第三册Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle精练

这是一份选择性必修 第三册Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle精练，共14页。试卷主要包含了abuse n，cue n，reward n，discipline n等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Period Two　Reading and Thinking—Language Points

Ⅰ.重点单词
1．abuse n．滥用；虐待；辱骂 vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂
2．dominate vt.& vi.支配；控制；占有优势
3．cue n．提示；暗示；信号 vt.给(某人)暗示(或提示)
4．reward n．回报；奖励；报酬 vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬
5．facilitate vt.促进；促使；使便利
6．negative adj.消极的；有害的；否定的
7．pessimistic adj.悲观的；悲观主义的
8．discipline n．自制力；纪律；学科 vt.自我控制；管教；处罚
9．physical adj.身体的；客观存在的；物理学的→physics n．物理
10．repeatedly adv.重复地→repeat vt.重复
11．psychology n．心理学；心理；心理影响→psychological adj.心理学的①
12．rely vi.依赖；依靠；信赖→reliable adj.可信赖的②
13．examine vt.(仔细)检查；审查；测验→examination n．测试；检查③
掌握规律　巧记单词
①psychology n.心理学；心理；心理影响→psychological adj.心理学的　例如：history→historical
②rely vi.依赖；依靠；信赖→reliable adj.可信赖的　例如：afford→affordable
③examine vt.(仔细)检查；审查；测验→examination n.测试；检查　例如：combine→ combination

Ⅱ.核心短语
1．in response to回答；答复
2．rely on依赖；依靠；信赖
3．straight away立即；马上
4．decide on决定；选定
5．lead to导致
6．over and over again一遍又一遍地
7．aside from除了……还有……
8．give up放弃
9．after all毕竟，终究
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．状语从句的省略
These bad habits，if left unchecked，could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.
这些坏习惯，如果不加以控制，在他们长大后会变成更糟糕的坏习惯。
2．过去分词短语作定语
There is a famous saying based on the philosophy of Aristotle：“We are what we repeatedly do.”
有一条基于亚里士多德哲学思想的著名谚语说道：“重复的行为造就了我们。”
3．not...but...不是……而是……
In fact，the most successful way to change is not suddenly，but over a period of time.
事实上，最成功的改变方法不是突然的，而是要经过一段时间。

重点词汇
To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager’s life is essential.
避免这样的坏习惯控制青少年的生活是非常必要的。
dominate vt.& vi.支配；控制；占有优势
※be dominated by...被……控制
※domination n.控制；支配
※dominant adj.占支配地位的；占优势的；显著的

(1)Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term.(2019·天津)
食物网或许被很多弱的连接控制，因为那种安排从长远看更稳定。
(2)In recent years，social policy has been dominated(dominate) by cutting down expenses.
最近几年，社会政策一直以削减开支为主。
(3)It is natural that some companies are fighting for domination(dominate) of the market.
一些公司争取市场控制权，这很正常。
(4)The firm has achieved a dominant(dominate) position in the world market.
这家公司在国际市场上占有举足轻重的地位。

[高级表达]
(5)As he was dominated by his father，he couldn’t make his own decision.
Dominated by his father，he couldn’t make his own decision.(用非谓语动词改写)
Secondly，there is a “routine”，the regular action you take in response to the cue.其次，有一个“日常行为”，即你回应暗示的常规行为。
in response to 回答；回复
※response n．回答；回复
※respond vi.回答；回复
respond to 回答；回复

(1)The product was developed in response to customers’ demand.
为了满足顾客的要求，开发了这个产品。
(2)I asked him his name，but he didn’t respond.
我问他的名字，可他没有回答。
(3)I received an encouraging response(respond) to my advertisement.
我的广告宣传有了令人鼓舞的回应。
[一句多译]
(4)他举行了一个大的派对来回应那个消息。
①He held a big party to respond to the news.(respond)
②He held a big party in response to the news.(response)
Thirdly，there is the “reward”，the good thing or feeling we get from the routine.第三，有“回报”，即我们从日常行为中得到的好东西或感觉。
reward n.回报；奖励；报酬 vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬
※give/offer a reward to sb.for (doing) sth.为(做)某事而给某人报酬
in reward (for)作为(对……的)回报、奖赏
※reward sb.with sth.for (doing) sth.为(做)某事用某物奖赏/酬谢某人
※rewarding adj.有益的；有意义的

(1)The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined—or added—the symbols to get the reward.(2019·全国Ⅲ)
研究者随后测试了这些猴子如何组合或添加这些符号来获得奖励。
(2)She started singing to the baby and was rewarded with a smile.
她开始对着婴儿唱歌，婴儿对她回报以微笑。
(3)It’s unfair that he gets very little in reward for his hard work.
他辛苦工作却得到很少回报是不公平的。
(4)Traveling along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding(reward) experience.
(2018·北京)
沿着古丝绸之路旅行是一次有趣而又有意义的经历。
[易混辨析]　award，reward，prize
※award：作名词指“奖品，奖金”等；作动词表示“授予，给予；判给”，可以跟双宾语，award sb.sth.把某物授予/判给某人。
※reward：作名词表示“赏金，奖励”或一些非金钱的报酬；作动词表示“奖赏，酬谢”，只能以人或人的行为作宾语。
※prize：只能作名词，表示“奖赏，奖金，奖品”，尤指在比赛中获得的荣誉。
[选词填空]　award，reward，prize
(5)Hundreds of prizes can be won in our newspaper competition.
(6)A $100 reward has been offered for the return of the necklace.
(7)After graduation he was awarded a lot of money to do research.
[一句多译]
(8)他们因他救了那个小孩而奖赏他。
①They gave a reward to him for saving the child.(reward n．)
②They rewarded him for saving the child.(reward v．)
To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits，we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them.想要促使坏习惯朝着积极的方向变化，首先必须审视自己的坏习惯回环，然后尽力去调整。
facilitate vt.促进；促使；使便利
facilitation n.促进；便利
facilitator n.推动者；促进者

(1)The wise man may facilitate communication between the couple.
这位智者或许能促进这对夫妇之间的交流。
(2)We welcome them and will provide all possible facilitation(facilitate) and assistance.
我们对他们表示欢迎，并将提供一切可能的便利和协助。
(3)There is no doubt that he is the best facilitator(facilitate)．
毫无疑问，他是最好的推动者。
[高级表达]
(4)The local government will build a new airport which facilitates the development of tourism.
The local government will build a new airport facilitating the development of tourism.(用非谓语动词改写)
examine vt.(仔细)检查；审查；测验
examination n.测试；审查
examiner n.主考人；考官

(5)In one study，Dr Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents.
(2019·全国Ⅰ)
在一项研究中，普林斯顿博士测试了235个青少年的两种受欢迎程度。
(6)In his opinion，he should have the new system examined(examine) as soon as possible.
在他看来，他应该尽快让人检验这种新系统。
(7)With the examination(examine) approaching，the students began to feel nervous.
随着考试的临近，学生们开始觉得紧张了。
Many of us try to change bad habits quickly，and if we are not successful straight away，we often become pessimistic and give up.我们中的很多人都想很快改掉坏习惯，如果我们没有立刻成功，我们经常会变得悲观，从而放弃。
straight away立即；马上
“立刻，马上”的其他表达：
right away；right now；at once；in no time；as soon as possible

(1)Hearing the news，I gave him a call straight away.
听到这个消息，我立刻给他打了电话。
(2)Seeing the policeman，the thief ran away at once.
看到警察，那个小偷立刻逃跑了。
(3)When they approached the tree，the bird flew away in no time.
他们靠近这棵树时，鸟儿立刻飞走了。
pessimistic adj.悲观的；悲观主义的
※be pessimistic about对……悲观
※optimistic adj.乐观的
be optimistic about对……乐观

(4)I think you are being far too pessimistic.
我觉得你过于悲观了。
(5)The doctors are pessimistic about his chances of recovery.
医生们对他康复的可能性不乐观。
(6)He was badly injured，but he was very optimistic about his future.
他伤得很重，但是他对未来很乐观。
After all，it is not easy to break bad habits.毕竟，改掉坏习惯并不容易。
after all毕竟，终究
all in all总而言之
in all总共；共计
at all根本；全然(常用于否定句、疑问句、条件句中加强语气)
above all首先；最重要的是
first of all首先

(1)“After all，everyone has bad days and good days，”he said.(2019·浙江)
他说：“毕竟每个人都有坏日子和好日子。”
(2)All in all，I appreciated being taken to this nice island.
总之，我很感激被带到这个美丽的岛上来。
(3)First of all，it is now easier to replace an object than to spend time and money to repair it.
首先，现在替换一样东西比花时间和金钱来修补它更容易。
(4)We must work，and above all we must have faith in ourselves.
我们必须工作，最重要的是我们必须相信自己。
...you have to think about your bad habits and decide on some changes.……你必须考虑一下你的坏习惯，决定做些改变。
decide on决定；选定
※decide to do sth.决定做某事
※decision n．决定
make a decision做出决定
arrive at/come to/reach a decision做出决定

(1)Have you decided on a date for the wedding?
你们定好婚礼日期了吗？
(2)It is hard to decide(decide) for me which one to choose.我很难决定选哪一个。
(3)Choosing your future career is an extremely important decision(decide)．
选择你未来的职业是极为重要的决定。
经典句式
These bad habits，if left unchecked，could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.
这些坏习惯，如果不加以控制，在他们长大后会变成更糟糕的坏习惯。
※句中的if left unchecked是状语从句的省略，补充完整为：if they are left unchecked。
※状语从句省略的条件：
①从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且从句的谓语中含有be动词，可以将从句的主语和be动词一起省略。
②如果状语从句中出现了it is/was时，可以把it is/was一起省略。

(1)While staying in the village，James shared whatever he had with the villagers.
待在村子里的那段时间，詹姆斯同村民分享了他所拥有的一切。
(2)While wandering(wander) around，she met this lovely woman.
在闲逛时，她遇到了这位可爱的女士。
(3)Once begun(begin)，the project is hard to stop.
一旦开始，这个项目就很难停下来了。
(4)If necessary，I will go there to have a talk with her.
如果有必要，我会去和她谈一谈。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．You’d better not be too strict with her.After all，she is only four.
2．The young couple decided on the nice island for their holiday.
3．She used to be pessimistic about her life，but now she has changed.
4．In this situation，you must manage to inform him straight away.
5．The old man went to the hospital to have his body examined(examine) regularly.
6．What will the new actor do in response(respond) to the funny news?
7．He had been a dominant(dominate) figure in her life.
8．I will lend her some money in reward for her timely help.
9．She is so strong­minded that she won’t give up her dream easily.
10．The teacher will offer you some methods of facilitating(facilitate) learning.
Ⅱ.完成句子
11．When asked about the accident，he kept silent in order not to lose his job.
当被问及这个事故时，他保持了沉默，为的是不丢掉这份工作。
12．At last，the girl remembered the long sentence repeated many times.
最后，这个女孩记住了这个被重复了多次的长句子。
13．What he is worried about is not your physical health but your mental health.
他担心的不是你的身体健康而是你的心理健康。
14．The young man is reliable so you can rely on him when you get into trouble.
这个年轻人很可靠，所以你遇到困难时可以依靠他。
15．The scientist decided to find a way to help the children dominated by computer games.
这位科学家决定找到一个办法来帮助这些被电脑游戏控制的孩子。

基础巩固
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．As a reward for good behavior，treat your child to a new toy.
2．When he was at college，he was crazy about psychology(心理学)．
3．Little children shouldn’t drink something containing alcohol(酒精)．
4．Everything will go well，so you needn’t be so pessimistic about your future.
5．It was that image of calm and discipline(自制力) that appealed to voters.
6．She told me that she was often disturbed by some negative(消极的) thoughts.
7．The woman examined the bag carefully，only to find that it contained some papers.
8．He argued that the economic recovery had been facilitated by his tough power.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
9．They asked him to give a speech，but he made no response(respond)．
10．I really didn’t know why they had decided on that boy to help them.
11．As a matter of fact，not everyone is so pessimistic about the future.
12．Applicants are selected for jobs on the results of a competitive examination(examine)．
13．It is a hard job，but at the same time it is a rewarding(reward) job.
14．When I go on a journey，my mother often reminds me repeatedly(repeat)．
15．The young man rushed into the castle to rescue the boy dominated(dominate) by the group.
16．You’d better pay attention to their physical(physics) health as well as their mental health.
Ⅲ.单句写作
17．这位老人选定了一个日子庆祝我们的成功。(decide on)
The old man has decided on a date to celebrate our success.
18．检查过这些包裹，他就派人去送了。(examine)
Having examined these parcels，he sent someone to deliver them.
19．显然，他渴望做些事情来回报他们的善意。(reward)
It is clear that he is eager to do something in reward for their kindness.
20．最后，她离开家来回应丈夫的恶行。(in response to)
At last，she left their home in response to her husband’s bad behavior.
能力提升
Ⅳ.阅读理解
What do you usually do when you have some free time？Do you take part in any form of hobby？If your answer is no，then you should think twice.Cultivating some types of interest or hobbies might be the ideal way to develop your brain and improve your creative thinking.
Here is a common problem that many older people have.They have spent such a great deal of time raising their family that once their children are grown and left home，they all of a sudden start to experience their age.Quite often，it is not their age that is the concern.It is the fact that they are unexpectedly offered more time on their hands.
When you put in too much time not doing anything，this can affect your brain.This is just where the expression “If you don’t use it，you lose it” definitely is the truth.Your mind needs working out much like any other muscles in your body.This is why getting a hobby matters.It offers you something to do and is a perfect way to meet new people.
Enjoying a hobby is also a perfect way to improve creative thinking at any age.Even young children can profit from taking a new hobby.For retired people，enjoying a hobby which they can find entertainment in with their grandchildren will help keep them active and feel young at heart.
Several hobbies that are terrific for both your mind and your body include yoga，biking，swimming and golf.If you aren’t fond of sports，even taking a walk regularly is a wonderful way to keep active.It helps you to appreciate fresh scenery and it has been suggested that the colors green and blue help make you more creative.
As you can see above，you can get pretty much from taking a hobby.With so many choices waiting for you，begin your journey right away!
语篇解读　文章介绍了业余爱好对老年人的好处：锻炼脑力、强身健体。作者呼吁人们马上行动起来。

1．What can be implied about many older people from Paragraph 2?
A．They lack creative thinking.
B．They should develop their brain.
C．They concern about their age.
D．They used to have little free time.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。由第二段内容可知，很多老年人年轻时把时间主要用来养家糊口，年老之后，他们担心的不是变老，而是他们有了过多的可以自由支配的时间。由此推知，他们原来很少有自由时间。故D选项正确。
2．Why does getting a hobby matter according to the text?
A．It strengthens one’s brain.
B．It helps build up one’s muscles.
C．It enables one to make friends.
D．It improves one’s living conditions.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。由第三段中的“Your mind needs working out much like any other muscles in your body.This is why getting a hobby matters.”可知，就像你身体的其他部位一样，你的大脑需要锻炼。这就是业余爱好重要的原因。由此可知，业余爱好可以锻炼大脑、增强脑力。故A选项正确。
3．What does the underlined word “terrific” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A．Specific. B．Disgusting.
C．Wonderful. D．Fundamental.
答案　C
解析　词义猜测题。第三段和第四段主要介绍了业余爱好可以锻炼脑力，同时对身体有好处。结合选项可知，该画线单词意思应为C选项。
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Trying Different Hobbies
B．Spending Your Free Time
C．Experiencing Your Hobby Now
D．Feeling Young at Heart
答案　C
解析　标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了业余爱好对老年人的好处。最后一段是总结段，提到了你可以从业余爱好中受益。你可以有很多选择，马上开始吧。故C项适合作该文标题。
Ⅴ.完形填空
I have forgotten the name of the old lady，who was a customer on my newspaper route.Yet it remains in my memory that she taught me a lesson in 1 that I shall never forget.
On a winter afternoon，a friend and I were throwing stones onto the roof of the old lady’s house near her garden.The 2 was to observe how the stones changed to missiles as they 3 to the roof’s edge and fell into the yard like comets(彗星) falling from the sky.I found myself a perfectly smooth rock and threw it.The stone was too 4 ，however，so it slipped from my hand as I let it go and headed straight for a small window.At the sound of broken glass，we knew we were in 5 .We ran faster than any of our stones flying off her roof.
I was too 6 about getting caught that first night to be 7 about the old lady with the broken window in winter. 8 ，a few days later，when I was sure that I hadn’t been discovered，I started to feel 9 for her trouble.She still greeted me with a smile each day when I gave her the newspaper，but I was no longer able to act 10 when seeing her.
I decided that I would save my paper delivery money，and in three weeks I had the seven dollars that I thought would 11 the cost of her window and sent it to her in an envelope.
The next day，I handed the old lady her paper.She thanked me for the paper and gave me a bag of biscuits she had made herself.I thanked her and ate the biscuits 12 I continued my route.
After several cookies，I felt an envelope and pulled it out of the 13 .When I opened the envelope，I was 14 .Inside were the seven dollars and a short note that 15 ， “I’m proud of you.”
语篇解读　本文是记叙文。作者在不小心打碎邻居家的玻璃以后逃跑了，并希望不要被发现。后来却因为愧疚主动去弥补过失，结果得到了对方的原谅。

1．A.forgiveness B．value
C．honesty D．gratefulness
答案　A
解析　forgiveness宽恕，原谅；value价值；honesty诚实；gratefulness感激。根据后文可知，老太太并没有责怪作者和作者朋友的行为， 也原谅了他们把玻璃打碎的事情， 故选A。
2．A.subject B．theme
C．topic D．object
答案　D
解析　subject主题，学科； theme主题，话题； topic主题； object目标。根据句意可知，作者和朋友扔石子的目的是观察石头在空中运动的轨迹， 故选D。
3．A.shot B．rolled
C．got D．dropped
答案　B
解析　根据句意可知，作者是想要观察石头从屋顶上滚落下来到院子中的那个过程， 故选B。
4．A.smooth B．square
C．heavy D．beautiful
答案　A
解析　根据句意和后文可知， 这块石头十分光滑， 故选A。
5．A.danger B．trouble
C．surprise D．comfort
答案　B
解析　根据句意可知，因为打碎了别人家的玻璃， 作者和朋友意识到他们遇到了麻烦， 故选B。
6．A.scared B．excited
C．disappointed D．confused
答案　A
解析　scared害怕的；excited兴奋的；disappointed沮丧的， 失望的；confused困惑的。根据句意可知，作者十分害怕因为打碎了人家的窗户而被抓到， 故选A。
7．A.frightened B．depressed
C．puzzled D．concerned
答案　D
解析　frightened害怕的； depressed沮丧的， 抑郁的； puzzled困惑的； concerned担忧的。根据句意可知，作者当晚十分害怕， 根本就没有担心在寒冷的冬天窗户被打破的老太太， 故选D。
8．A.However B．Therefore
C．Besides D．Furthermore
答案　A
解析　根据句意和语境可以推断，过了几天都没事， 作者以为自己没被发现， 这里表转折， 故选A。
9．A.honoured B．guilty
C．pleased D．pressed
答案　B
解析　honoured光荣的，荣幸的； guilty内疚的；pleased愉快的；pressed(时间、资金等)紧缺的，短缺的，压平的。根据句意可知，因为没被发现，作者现在看到老太太就会感到很愧疚， 故选B。
10．A.proud B．active
C．comfortable D．energetic
答案　C
解析　proud自豪的； active积极的；comfortable舒服的， 自然的；energetic有活力的。根据句意可知，作者因为心怀愧疚，所以面对那位老太太时会觉得心里不舒服， 故选C。
11．A.include B．increase
C．cover D．mend
答案　C
解析　include包括；increase增加； cover足以支付； mend修理。根据句意可知，作者积攒了一点钱，想要交给那个老太太来赔偿自己打破窗户造成的损失， 故选C。
12．A.because B．where
C．since D．as
答案　D
解析　根据句意可知，作者谢谢老妇人给了自己饼干，一边吃着饼干，一边继续送报纸。as在此引导时间状语从句。故选D。
13．A.paper B．pocket
C．bag D．wallet
答案　C
解析　根据前文可知，饼干是装在一个袋子里的， 此时作者在其中摸到了一个信封， 故选C。
14．A.annoyed B．surprised
C．amused D．delighted
答案　B
解析　annoyed烦恼的； surprised惊讶的；amused愉快的； delighted高兴的。根据前后文可知，作者此时看到信封里的东西是感到很惊讶的， 故选B。
15．A.attached B．said
C．told D．wrote
答案　B
解析　便签条上或信上写着什么一般用say来表达， 故选B。
Ⅵ.语法填空
A healthy lifestyle is related 1. physical and mental fitness.Do you think it is time to make changes to live 2. healthier life？Nowadays many people say they just don’t get much time to look after 3. (they) health.However，it is what you do and eat every day that guarantees you a healthy body.So make some little changes in your schedule to improve your lifestyle.It’s never too late.
These are some suggestions 4. (give) by health experts which can help you achieve your goal.First of all，add healthy food items to your diet.For example，eating green vegetables and fruits 5. (be) a must because they contain lots of vitamins and minerals 6.
are necessary to your body.Do remember to exercise 7. (regular) because it will burn extra fats in your body and help you gain control of your 8. (weigh)．If you can’t exercise every day，at least go for a walk every day.Sleep at least eight hours every day
9. (make) you feel fresh and energetic.In addition，many people do some activities ev­ery day,10. (say) this helps them develop their mind.There are many things you can do to keep healthy，but exercising will always be at the top.
语篇解读　健康的生活方式和身体健康、精神健康紧密相关；一些小改变就可以改善你的生活方式。文章给出了一些改善生活方式的建议。

1．答案　to
解析　考查介词。be related to是固定搭配，意为“和……有联系”。
2．答案　a
解析　考查冠词。live a healthier life过一种更健康的生活。live a．..life为固定表达。
3．答案　their
解析　考查代词。此处需用形容词性物主代词作定语，故填their。
4．答案　given
解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，设空处作suggestions的后置定语，give和其逻辑主语suggestions之间是被动关系，故用过去分词given。
5．答案　is
解析　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处为动名词短语作主语，谓语动词应用单数，本文以一般现在时为主，故填is。
6．答案　that/which
解析　考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为lots of vitamins and minerals，引导词用that/which，在从句中作主语。
7．答案　regularly
解析　考查副词。修饰动词exercise要用副词regularly。
8．答案　weight
解析　考查名词。此处需用名词作介词of的宾语，且空前有形容词性物主代词修饰。故填weight，意为“体重”。
9．答案　to make
解析　考查非谓语动词。设空处应填非谓语动词，此处表示目的，应填动词不定式to make。
10．答案　saying
解析　考查非谓语动词。句子主干为“many people do some activities every day”，设空处应填非谓语动词，say和其逻辑主语many people之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。