人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle课时练习

这是一份人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle课时练习，共9页。试卷主要包含了以上句子中动词不定式都是作主语，答案　achieving，答案　judgment等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Period Three　Grammar—Infinitives(3) as the subject

语法感知
感知以下课文原句，补全方框下的小题
(1)However，during this period，it can be easy for some of them to form bad habits.
(2)To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager’s life is essential.
(3)To change bad habits is never easy.
(4)After all，it is not easy to break bad habits.

1．以上句子中动词不定式都是作主语。
2．句(1)和句(4)中it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。
语法精析
动词不定式作主语
一、基本用法
动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
To look after these naughty boys is really difficult.
照看这些淘气的男孩真的很难。
为了避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语放在句首，作主语的不定式常置于句末。
It would be better for you to go there.
你还是去那里的好。
注意：1.若要说明不定式表示的动作的发出者的话，要在不定式前加for引起的短语，构成“for＋名词(或代词宾格)＋不定式”短语，这一短语被称为不定式的复合结构。
2．在“It is＋adj.＋不定式复合结构”句型中，当其中的形容词是说明逻辑主语的性质、品质时，要由of引出逻辑主语，不能用for。这类形容词主要有clever，foolish，kind，nice，polite，silly，stupid，wise等。
It’s easy for him to work out this math problem.
对他来说解出这道数学题很容易。
It was careless of him to make such a mistake.
＝He was careless to make such a mistake.
出了这样的错误，他太粗心了。


二、动词不定式和动名词作主语的异同点
1．动名词和不定式作主语的相同点
(1)不定式和动名词作主语时，常常为了保持句子的平衡，用it来作形式主语，如：
It is not easy to learn English well.学好英语不容易。
It is no use asking him for help.向他求助是没有用的。
(2)如果主语用了不定式，表语和宾语也要用不定式；主语用了动名词，表语和宾语也要用动名词，这在英语中称为对称性，如：
To see is to believe.＝ Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
It is better to stay home than to go out.
待在家里比出去要好。
2．动名词和不定式作主语的不同点
(1)不定式作主语常表示具体的某一动作；表示泛指或一般的抽象的概念时，多用动名词。
Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
散步是一种老幼皆宜的很好的运动形式。
(2)在“It ＋be＋no use(good/help/need) ”之后常用动名词作主语，而少用不定式。
It is no use crying over the split milk.覆水难收。
It is no help taking this medicine.服用这种药没有用。
注意：如果该句型中用了for引出不定式的逻辑主语，就只能用不定式。
It is no good for us to do that exercise.
我们做那种练习没有好处。
(3)不定式可以和when，where，how，what，whether等连用，在句子中作主语、宾语和表语，而动名词则不能。
Where to put the box seems hard to decide.
很难决定把这个箱子放在哪里。
Whether to do it hasn’t been decided.
是否做这件事还没定下来。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It took us about two hours to get(get) there that day.
2．It is no use arguing(argue) with him，for he is so stubborn.
3．It is foolish of you to take a taxi to the town in that situation.
4．It is important for her to prepare(prepare) for the examination.
5．It’s our duty to keep(keep) our environment clean and tidy.
6．It is no good for you to wait(wait) here for a long time.
7．Whether to hold(hold) a party this weekend hasn’t been known yet.
8．The boy was so young that he couldn’t decide which one to choose(choose)．
Ⅱ.语法填空
Advice is a word that is welcomed warmly by a lot of people.It helps in 9. (achieve) goals in a better way.As we know，experienced people offer their advice with a positive attitude without making a 10. (judge)．You can learn how they give advice.
Give advice to people who welcome it.In fact，your focus should be helping others and making them aware that the advice can be useful if 11. (take) in the right spirit.When advice
12. (offer)，it should be short.13. is also essential that while giving advice，one should be fair.As 14. (give) advice is an art，you should always state the positive side first so that the person is 15. (relax) and would in turn welcome your advice.
Give advice on certain matters.If a friend of yours wants to buy a car and requests your advice on the matter，your aim should be to give him details about things to be purchased,16. you
need not go for some particular brands or items.Similarly，advice on some other important issues,
17. staying in the relationship or future planning，needs to be given 18. (cautious)．
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。给人建议是一门艺术，本文就如何给出建议提出了几个注意事项。

9．答案　achieving
解析　考查非谓语动词。此处in用作介词，后接动名词作宾语。
10．答案　judg(e)ment
解析　考查词性转换。冠词后接名词。judg(e)ment n．判断。
11．答案　taken
解析　考查状语从句的省略。完整句为：if it is taken in the right spirit。故填taken。
12．答案　is offered
解析　考查动词的时态和语态。offer与其逻辑主语advice之间为被动关系，由上下文语境可知，文章主体时态是一般现在时，故用一般现在时的被动语态。
13．答案　It
解析　句中的it作形式主语，真正的主语为后边的that从句，首字母大写。故填It。
14．答案　giving
解析　考查非谓语动词。此处是动名词作主语。
15．答案　relaxed
解析　考查词性转换。此处作表语，形容人的状态，故填relaxed。
16．答案　but
解析　考查连词的用法。根据上文的意思可知，此处表示转折，故用but。
17．答案　like
解析　考查介词的用法。此处句意为“在其他一些重要问题上，比如保持一种关系或者未来的计划上，需要谨慎地给出建议等”。
18．答案　cautiously
解析　考查词性转换。此处修饰动词，故用副词形式。

基础巩固
Ⅰ.句型转换
1．To equip yourself with enough skills is very important.
It is very important for you to equip yourself with enough skills.
2．There are so many toys that she can’t decide which one she should buy.
There are so many toys that she can’t decide which one to buy.
3．To finish reading the book will take you two hours.
It will take you two hours to finish reading the book.
4．He was careless，for he had broken the valuable cup.
It was careless of him to have broken the valuable cup.
5．Where they will discuss the matter hasn’t been decided.
Where to discuss the matter hasn’t been decided by them.
Ⅱ.单句写作
6．被邀请参加玛丽的生日派对是很荣幸的事情。
It’s a great hono(u)r to be invited to Mary’s birthday party.
7．我们难以在四分之一小时内完成这篇作文。
It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.
8．你把老师说的所有东西都记下来是很愚蠢的。
It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says.
9．爱与被爱是一个人所能寻找的最大的幸福。
To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness one can seek.
10．他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。
It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.



能力提升
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
The health benefits of sleep are both varied and well known.We all need to have enough sleep so as to be able to function well on both mental and physical tasks.Sleep is probably the best beauty treatment available to a person，allowing you to look younger overnight.This is probably the most superficial(表面的) benefit of sleep.The other benefits are incredibly important.
The amount of sleep that is required varies from one person to another and in many cases one person is at risk of not getting enough sleep.It is all too easy to settle into a habit that doesn’t really suit you when your family requires less sleep than you.They may well try to get up quietly and leave you resting a little longer.If they are successful in slipping(溜) out of the room and you remain in the same state of sleep then you are very lucky.Many people find themselves being disturbed by either sound or movement and then it can be difficult to return to sleep.
The fact is that whatever your reasons are for settling for less sleep than what is ideal for you，it is important to deal with your situation.Sleep is very important.Failing to get enough sleep is very costly to your health.
Many people have trouble getting to sleep.Their minds run on overtime or they become overtired.Perhaps you have simply gotten out of the habit of sleeping well.If this is the case then meditation(冥想) or hypnosis(催眠状态) can be very helpful.
Hypnosis is a natural state of relaxation and is in fact the state between being awake and asleep.When learning to use hypnosis you can also teach yourself how to relax，let go of bad thoughts and prepare yourself naturally for sleep.It is natural and easy.Simply by listening to hypnotic songs you can train your mind to expect to sleep and return to your natural sleep patterns.
语篇解读　睡觉其实就是一种简单的养生，睡眠质量的好坏直接影响着一个人的健康，因此每天拥有高质量的睡眠显得尤为重要。

1．What will happen if you have enough high quality sleep?
A．You can never fail to perform your tasks.
B．You can become more beautiful than others.
C．You can be joyful and full of energy.
D．You can deal with others in an easy way.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“function well on both mental and physical tasks”可知，充足的睡眠在精神和体力任务上都能发挥很好的作用，因此选项C正确。
2．What does the second paragraph imply?
A．You’d better not live with your family.
B．A poor sleeping habit forms easily.
C．You should get used to various noises.
D．It will make you annoyed when your sleep gets disturbed.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可知，当你的家人需要的睡眠比你少时，你很容易养成并不适合你的睡眠习惯。故选B。
3．Why do some people have difficulty falling asleep?
A．They are exhausted.
B．They know nothing about hypnosis.
C．They don’t intend to sleep well.
D．They tend to work hard at night.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Their minds run on overtime or they become overtired.”可知，很多人不能入睡是因为他们非常疲惫。故选A项。
4．In which column of a newspaper can you read the text?
A．Finance. B．Society.
C．Health. D．Politics.
答案　C
解析　文章出处题。作者讲述了睡眠与人的健康之间的关系、睡眠方面可能遇到的问题及解决方法，因此该文章应该出自报纸的健康版面。故选C项。
B
Jim Denevan is an amazing artist whose work is admired by all，but owned by none—that’s because all of Jim’s art is created on an unusual canvas—the soft sand.He sometimes spends days working on a piece，only to see it washed away by the sea or a storm and that is just the way he likes it.
Denevan discovered his artistic talents about ten years ago，when he was wandering aimlessly on the beach with a stick.He ended up drawing a 12­foot­long fish.Since then，Jim has traveled over 1,800 miles while creating over 600 pieces of sand art.
Over the years，his drawings have become bigger，but the tools he uses haven’t changed—All he needs is a stick，a garden rake(耙) and most importantly，his lively imagination!
Just like any good artist，Jim is quite particular about the “quality” of his canvas，sometimes walking for miles，in search of perfect sand.His latest piece of work，which is also the world’s largest freelance drawing(自由绘画)，was created in the desert sands of Nevada.It took Jim three trips，eight days and over 100 miles of walking to create this 3­mile work of art.It took the storm just one night to destroy it! However，Jim says he actually enjoys watching the waves or rain wash his paintings away.
Jim’s art has become very popular over the years and was even the topic of a documentary named “Sandman” in 2005.Jim Denevan is not just about art in the sand—he is also an excellent chef and founder of an organization called “Outstanding in the Field”，whose motto is to celebrate food at its source.Accordingly，group dining events are held outdoors on farms，with the diners being treated to a delicious meal.The events，which are held in different farms throughout America，are always sold out the minute the schedule is announced.
语篇解读　Jim Denevan是一个了不起的艺术家，但没有一个人拥有他的作品，那是因为他所有的艺术是创作在一个不寻常的画布上——柔软的沙子。他有时花上几天的时间来创作一件作品，结果却看着它被大海或风暴冲走，而这正是他喜欢的方式。

5．It can be learnt from the text that .
A．Denevan walks a lot to complete his work
B．it is not hard for Denevan to find suitable sand to draw on
C．it usually takes long for the storm to destroy Denevan’s work
D．Denevan is very particular about his drawing tools
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句及第四段中的“sometimes walking for miles，in search of perfect sand”和“It took Jim three trips，eight days and over 100 miles of walking to create this 3­mile work of art.”可知， Denevan需要走很多路来完成他的作品。故选A。
6．What does Denevan enjoy about his work according to the text?
A．Walking a long distance.
B．Waiting for the storm to come.
C．Looking for a suitable canvas.
D．Watching his work being destroyed by nature.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中“It took the storm just one night to destroy it! However，Jim says he actually enjoys watching the waves or rain wash his paintings away.”可知，Denevan喜欢看着他的作品被大自然破坏。故选D。
7．Which of the following can best describe Denevan?
A．Generous. B．Open­minded.
C．Imaginative. D．Traditional.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段可知，Denevan是富于想象力的。故选C。
8．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．Denevan loses his interest in art soon.
B．Denevan is also popular as a chef.
C．Being a happy chef is Denevan’s final goal in life.
D．Denevan’s fame helps him with his chef job.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Jim Denevan is not just about art in the sand—he is also an excellent chef and founder of an organization called ‘Outstanding in the Field’，whose motto is to celebrate food at its source.”可知，Denevan作为厨师也很受欢迎。故选B。
Ⅳ.七选五
Kids and Food：Advice for Parents
It is important for parents to know how to help their kids eat healthily.Here are a few easy ways：

Parents control the supply lines.
1 Though kids may keep asking for less nutritious(有营养的) foods，parents should decide which foods are regularly provided in the house.Kids won’t go hungry.They’ll eat what’s available in the fridge at home.
Say goodbye to the “clean­plate club”．
2 Lots of parents grew up under the clean­plate rule，but that way doesn’t help kids listen to their own bodies when they are full.When kids feel full，they’re less likely to overeat.
　3　
Food preferences are developed early in life，so try to offer different kinds of foods.Likes and dislikes begin forming even when kids are babies.Parents may need to serve a new food on several different occasions for a child to accept it.
Food is not love.
Find better ways to say “I love you”．When foods are used to reward kids and show love，they may start to turn to food when feeling worried or unhappy. 4
Kids do as you do.
5 When trying to teach good eating habits，try to set the best example.Choose nutritious foods，eat at the table，and don’t forget breakfasts.
A．Start them young.
B．Rewrite the kids’ menu.
C．Be a role model and eat healthily yourself.
D．Offer praise and attention instead of food treats.
E．Let kids stop eating when they feel they’ve had enough.
F．You decide which foods to buy and when to serve them.
G．Let kids choose what to eat and how much of it they want.

1．答案　F
解析　由该段标题“Parents control the supply lines.”和文中的“parents should decide...in the house”可知F项内容符合此处语境。
2．答案　E
解析　由该段标题“Say goodbye to the ‘clean­plate club’”和文中的“that way doesn’t help...when they are full”可知，如果孩子感觉吃饱了就不要再强迫他们非得把盘子里的食物吃光，这样对身体不好，故选E项。
3．答案　A
解析　本段主要是说要帮助孩子从小养成不挑食的好习惯，故用A项作为小标题最恰当。
4．答案　D
解析　由该段标题“Food is not love.”和文中的“When foods are used...feeling worried or unhappy.”可知，作者建议不要用食物作为奖励，而是应该给予表扬和关注，故选D项。
5．答案　C
解析　由该段标题“Kids do as you do.”和文中的“When trying to teach good eating habits，try to set the best example.”可知，要想培养孩子良好的饮食习惯，父母首先得以身作则，故选C项。