高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 3 Environmental Protection课后作业题

这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 3 Environmental Protection课后作业题，共8页。
核心素养提能练
“阅读理解＋完形填空”组合练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
The discussion on renewable energy has been going on for at least a decade and people have relied on fossil fuels almost entirely for more than a century.However，the situation when fossil fuels were the most efficient and the cheapest source of energy has been left far in the past.Many countries such as Germany and Sweden have already made significant efforts to fix this situation，employing numerous power plants working on the renewable resources of energy.The most effective among these resources is geothermal(地热的) energy.
Geothermal energy does not depend on the world’s economic and political situation as strongly as fossil fuels do.Besides，extracting(提炼) fossil fuels adds to the price of energy produced from them.Therefore，geothermal energy is much cheaper than traditional energy，saving up to 80% of the costs over fossil fuels.
Being a renewable resource，geothermal energy produces less waste and pollution than traditional energy sources.In geothermal systems，carbon dioxide makes up about 10% of air produced.Overall，in order to produce the electricity that can be used for one hour，the geothermal systems produce 0.1 pound of carbon dioxide and other harmful gases.For a comparison，a power plant producing from gas produces up to 2 pounds of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere，and those power plants that work on coal(煤) produce an astonishing 3.6 pounds of greenhouse gases.
Low costs are another reason why using geothermal power plants should be the first choice for many countries.Geothermal heat systems require 25% to 50% less energy for work compared with the traditional systems for heating or cooling.Besides，geothermal equipment is less big：due to the very nature of geothermal energy，geothermal power plants have only a few moving parts，all of which can be easily sheltered inside a relatively small building.What’s more，the life span of geothermal equipment is rather long.All these make geothermal power stations easy to build and keep.

1．Fossil fuels are more expensive than geothermal energy partly because .
A．it is free to use geothermal energy
B．the production of fossil fuels costs a lot
C．fossil fuels are nearly used up
D．geothermal energy doesn’t depend on political situation
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“extracting(提炼) fossil fuels adds to the price of energy produced from them”可知，提炼化石燃料成本较高，造成了化石燃料价格较高。故选B。
2．According to Paragraph 3，what can be concluded from the comparison?
A．Geothermal energy is environmentally friendly.
B．Gas and coal are often used to produce electricity.
C．Coal is much more efficient than gas.
D．The geothermal systems don’t produce harmful gases.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“geothermal energy produces less waste and pollution than traditional energy sources”和下文地热系统和发电厂产生二氧化碳的数量比较可知，地热是比较环保的资源。故选A。
3．Geothermal equipment is usually not as big as that of traditional energy because of .
A．the life span of geothermal equipment
B．geothermal power plants
C．the nature of geothermal energy
D．the small buildings
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句中的“due to the very nature of geothermal energy，geothermal power plants have only a few moving parts”可知，由于地热资源的性质，地热设备没有传统能源设备大，易移动。故选C。
4．What is the main idea of this passage?
A．Many countries have benefited from geothermal energy.
B．Geothermal energy is well accepted.
C．Fossil fuels are being run out of.
D．Geothermal energy has many advantages.
答案　D
解析　主旨大意题。当前地热资源是最有效、最受欢迎的资源，它具有经济、环保、成本低等特点。本文主要介绍的就是地热能源的优点。故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空
During a mid­autumn holiday with my family at a fishing spot，I witnessed a fish being 1 ， hopping(跳跃) out of the water’s surface，making every effort to 2 .
I could see that the fisherman was an expert 3 he decided to 4 it struggling(挣扎) in the water so as to work off its 5 .
Finally，the fish，the fighter，ran out of power 6 it was caught in the expert’s fishing net.When it was thrown out of the net，it 7 started to struggle with all of its strength.Still，the expert fisherman was there to wait for it to become 8 .The fighter stopped hopping in only a couple of minutes.My feelings were 9 .I appreciated its strength and braveness but at the same time felt sorry about its sad ending.
Suddenly，I heard a sound of something dropping into the 10 ： the fighter itself had turned the tables!
Yes，the fish 11 .After pretending that it had run out of all of its strength，it had rolled back into the river.
I 12 the fighter from the bottom of my heart when it made it.Of course not every fish is as lucky as this one.However，they all 13 hard just to survive.I’m struck by how such a little fish tried so hard to 14 its own life.Why can’t we human beings cherish (珍惜) our life just as these little creatures do? Wouldn’t people who don’t realize the 15 of life feel ashamed after seeing such creatures struggle to survive?
语篇解读　本文是记叙文。作者在文中描述了自己目睹鱼儿被捕后死里逃生的整个过程，并对此发出感慨：生命很宝贵，大家应该珍惜。

1．A.eaten B．killed
C．freed D．caught
答案　D
解析　根据下文中的“struggling(挣扎) in the water”可知，作者目睹了一条鱼被“捉住(caught)”的场面。
2．A.move B．survive
C．hunt D．recover
答案　B
解析　根据下文描述鱼儿挣扎着死里逃生可知，它竭尽全力想要“活下来(survive)”。
3．A.for B．if
C．though D．before
答案　A
解析　该空后的内容解释了为什么钓鱼的人是行家，故填for。
4．A.bring B．imagine
C．leave D．stop
答案　C
解析　根据下文中的“the fish，the fighter，ran out of power”可知，钓鱼的人将已经上钩的鱼“留在(leave)”水里做最后的挣扎，想让鱼儿耗尽“体力(energy)”。
5．A.time B．anger
C．weight D．energy
答案　D
解析　参考上题解析。
6．A.and B．but
C．while D．until
答案　A
解析　“鱼儿耗尽体力”和“最终被渔网捞出”之间为并列关系，故填and。
7．A.just B．also
C．once D．again
答案　D
解析　根据上文中的“it struggling(挣扎) in the water”和该空后的“started to struggle with all of its strength”可知，鱼儿被网子捞出时“又(again)”开始挣扎着想要活命。
8．A.dead B．exhausted
C．afraid D．hungry
答案　B
解析　根据该句中的“Still”和“wait for it”可知，钓鱼的人还是想等鱼儿“筋疲力尽(exhausted)”。
9．A.mixed B．terrible
C．unclear D．familiar
答案　A
解析　根据下一句中的“I appreciated its strength and braveness”和“felt sorry”两种不同的情感可知，作者对鱼儿产生了“复杂的(mixed)”感情。
10．A.net B．water
C．sea D．cave
答案　B
解析　根据文章开头的“a fishing spot”以及下文中的“it had rolled back into the river”可知，作者听到有东西掉入“水(water)”中的声音。
11．A.remembered B．failed
C．regretted D．succeeded
答案　D
解析　根据下一句中的“it had rolled back into the river”可知，鱼儿“成功(succeeded)”逃脱。
12．A.thanked B．loved
C．clapped D．trusted
答案　C
解析　根据上文作者对鱼儿的情感描写以及该段接下来的议论可知，作者打心底里为鱼儿的逃脱“拍手喝彩(clapped)”。
13．A.learn B．fight
C．pull D．hop
答案　B
解析　根据上文描述鱼儿竭尽全力保全性命可知，鱼儿“力争(fight)”活命。
14．A.save B．finish
C．enjoy D．improve
答案　A
解析　根据上一句中的“just to survive”可知，小鱼竭尽所能“挽救(save)”自己的性命给作者留下了非常深刻的印象。
15．A.truth B．purpose
C．importance D．hardship
答案　C
解析　文章通篇描写了小鱼想方设法活命的故事，因此作者在此联想到生命的“重要性(importance)”。
主观题规范练
Ⅲ.语法填空
Litter is everywhere，doing great harm 1. the environment and life on our planet.Jeff Kirschner，who wants to build a litter­free world，started a global community named Litterati 2. (settle) this problem.
The story began with his 6­year­old daughter.One day they were going on a hike when the girl noticed a 3. (break) plastic tub in a river.She said，“Daddy，that doesn’t go there.” That took Kirschner by surprise.He，like many adults，had become so used to the rubbish around them that he hadn’t given it a second look.4. his daughter said reminded him of the serious problem our planet faces.
Jeff started to take 5. (act)．He created Litterati，an app that makes it fun to pick up litter.The idea is 6. (fair) simple：Spot a piece of trash，take a photo，post the photo online and then put the litter into dustbins.
7． (see) that Jeff was keeping a record of the positive impact he was having on the planet，people worldwide started participating.Up to now，over 2,500,000 photos posted by 3,500 people from over 40 countries 8. (find) their way to Litterati’s digital landfill.
Litterati is more than an app.It is a highly 9. (effect) solution to a pressing issue.Wherever you live，whatever you do and 10. you are，join Litterati to make the world a cleaner and healthier place to live in.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了在女儿的影响下Jeff Kirschner创办了一个名叫Litterati的应用程序，鼓励人们清理垃圾保护环境。

1．答案　to
解析　考查固定搭配。动词短语do harm to意为“对……有害”，故填介词to。
2．答案　to settle
解析　考查非谓语动词。句中不定式短语to settle this problem在句中充当目的状语。故填to settle。
3．答案　broken
解析　考查形容词。形容词broken意为“坏了的”，在句中充当定语，修饰plastic tub。故填broken。
4．答案　What
解析　考查主语从句。句中what引导主语从句并在从句中充当动词said的宾语。所以填What。
5．答案　action
解析　考查词性转换。动词短语take action意为“采取行动”，所以填act的名词形式action。
6．答案　fairly
解析　考查副词。句中应该使用副词充当状语修饰形容词simple。所以要填fairly。
7．答案　Seeing
解析　考查非谓语动词。主句主语people worldwide与动词see构成主动关系，要用现在分词作状语。故填Seeing。
8．答案　have found
解析　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。时间状语up to now通常与现在完成时连用；主语over 2,500,000 photos为复数形式，所以要填have found。
9．答案　effective
解析　考查词性转换。形容词effective意为“有效的”，在句中充当定语修饰名词solution。故填形容词effective。
10．答案　whoever
解析　考查让步状语从句。由空前的“Wherever you live，whatever you do”和“and”可知，此处应用whoever引导让步状语从句与其构成并列关系，所以要填whoever。
Ⅳ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
It was summer，and my dad wanted to treat me to a vacation like never before.He decided to take me on a trip to the Wild West.We took a plane to Albuquerque，a big city in the state of New Mexico.We reached Albuquerque in the late afternoon.Uncle Paul，my dad’s friend，picked us up from the airport and drove us up to his farm in Pecos.
His wife Tina cooked us a delicious dinner and we got to know his sons Ryan and Kyle.My dad and I spent the night in the guestroom of the farm house listening to the frogs and water rolling down the river nearby.Very early in the morning，Uncle Paul woke us up to have breakfast.“The day starts at dawn on my farm，” he said.After breakfast，I went to help Aunt Tina feed the chickens，while my dad went with Uncle Paul to take the sheep out to graze(吃草)．I was impressed to see my dad and Uncle Paul riding horses.They looked really cool.
In the afternoon，I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a horse ride，and he said yes，as long as my dad went with me.I wasn’t going to take a horse ride by myself anyway.So，my dad and I put on our new cowboy hats，got on our horses，and headed slowly towards the mountains.“Don’t be late for supper，” Uncle Paul cried，“and keep to the track so that you don’t get lost！” “OK！” my dad cried back.After a while Uncle Paul and his farm house were out of sight.It was so peaceful and quiet and the colors of the brown rocks，the deep green pine trees，and the late afternoon sun mixed to create a magic scene.It looked like a beautiful woven blanket spread out upon the ground just for us.
Paragraph 1：
Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse.


Paragraph 2：
We had no idea where we were and it got dark.


一、故事梗概

二、情节推断
根据已经给出的续写部分每段的开头语并展开合理想象可推断：
1．第一段应该说的是：作者和父亲追赶兔子迷路的事情。
2．第二段应该说的是：作者和父亲迷路了，肯定是想办法找到回去的路，再根据常识，在野外迷路，可以根据天上星星的位置，比如北极星的位置来确定自己的位置，所以作者和父亲可能是利用北极星的位置找到了回去的路……
可根据自己的想象构建故事情节。续写两段的四个要素如下：
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 2
时间：After seeing the lovely rabbit...
地点：in the forest
人物：the author and his father
事件：The author and his father began to chase the rabbit，but the rabbit was soon out of sight.Then the author and his father got lost...
时间：After the author and his father got lost...
地点：in the wild
人物：the author and his father
事件：The author and his father tried to find a solution.Then they saw the stars in the sky.They found the way back using the stars...

三、要素串联
将已确定的四要素串联，并增加细节描写，完成读后续写。
参考范文
Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse.It looked so lovely！“Why not catch it and bring it back to Uncle Paul? He must be very happy.” With this thought，I rode hard to hunt for it.My dad saw it and had to follow me.The rabbit soon entered a mountain forest and disappeared.We had to get down the horses，continuing the chase and totally forgetting the track back.
We had no idea where we were and it got dark.Frightened，I stared at my dad，trying to seek a solution for the trouble from him.“Maybe what you have learned in geography class works，” he said，pointing to the stars in the sky.I knew he meant the North Star.Soon we found the right direction.We hurried back finding the horses.The family was worried and about to call the police.At the sight of us，they were relieved and hugged us tightly.There was nothing more memorable than this rabbit hunting in my life!