英语Unit 3 Environmental Protection学案及答案

这是一份英语Unit 3 Environmental Protection学案及答案，共13页。
Period Two　Reading and Thinking—Language Points

Ⅰ.重点单词
1．graph n．图；图表；曲线图
2．emission n．排放物；散发物；排放
3．melt vi.& vt.(使)融化；熔化；软化
4．ecology n．生态；生态学
5．release vt.& n．排放；释放；发布
6．worldwide adv.遍及全球地 adj.世界各地的；影响全世界的
7．trend n．趋势；趋向；动向
8．broadcast vt.& vi.播送；广播；传播
9．policy n．政策；方针；原则
10．footprint n．足迹；(某物所占的)空间量；面积
11．seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制
12．starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死→starvation n．挨饿；饿死
13．habitable adj.适合居住的→habitat n．栖息地①
14．sustain vt.维持；遭受；承受住→sustainable adj.可持续的；合理利用的
15．comprehensive adj.全部的；所有的；详尽的→comprehension n．理解；理解力
16．frequently adv.频繁地；经常→frequent adj.频繁的；经常的
17．restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚→restriction n．限制规定；限制法规；约束②
掌握规律　巧记单词
①habitat n.栖息地→habitable adj.适合居住的　例如：adjust→adjustable
②restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚→restriction n.限制规定；限制法规；约束　例如：adopt→adoption

Ⅱ.核心短语
1．along with和……一起
2．have an impact on对……有影响
3．refer to指的是
4．huge amounts of大量的
5．be trapped in被包裹在……
6．take action采取行动
7．result in导致
8．take responsibility for为……负责任
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．doubt后接同位语从句
There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.
几乎没有疑问：地球变得越来越热了。
2．which引导非限制性定语从句
Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the “greenhouse effect”，which has two common meanings...
气候科学家经常提到一个被称为“温室效应”的关键气候过程，它有两个常见的含义……
3．that引导同位语从句
The “natural” greenhouse effect refers to the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth’s surface as short­wave radiation.
这个“自然的”温室效应是指来自太阳的热量以短波辐射的形式进入大气层，使地球表面变暖。
4．without引起虚拟语气
Without this process，Earth could not sustain life.
如果没有这个过程，地球就无法维持生命。

重点词汇
An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body，the bear appeared to have starved and died.一位研究北极熊多年的专家说，从北极熊尸体的位置来看，它好像是饿死的。
starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死
※starve to death饿死
starve sb.into doing sth.断绝食物(或资金)来源以迫使某人做某事
※starvation n．饥饿；饿死
die of/from starvation饿死
※starved adj.饥饿的；缺乏的

(1)The girl is starving herself in order to lose weight.
这个女孩为了减肥正在节食。
(2)If we can’t find enough food，we may starve to death.
如果我们找不到足够的食物，我们可能会饿死的。
(3)The enemy tried to starve him into giving in.
敌人试图断绝他的食物来逼他屈服。
(4)Millions of people will face starvation(starve) next year as a result of the drought.
由于发生旱灾，明年将有数百万人面临饥饿。
The “natural” greenhouse effect refers to the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth’s surface as short­wave radiation.这个“自然的”温室效应是指来自太阳的热量以短波辐射的形式进入大气层，使地球表面变暖。
refer to 指的是；提到，说起；参考；涉及
[一词多义]　写出下列句子中refer to的汉语意思
(1)She referred to the subject several times during the speech.提到
(2)These notes refer to the case of a murderer.涉及
(3)You can refer to the book while writing the article.参考
(4)When I spoke of that girl，I wasn’t referring to her daughter.指的是
reference n.提及；谈到；参考
in/with reference to关于

(5)When learning English，you can buy a dictionary for reference(refer)．
学英语时，你可以买本词典来参考。
(6)In reference to your question about cost，the tickets for the film are 35 yuan each.
关于你询问的价格，那部电影的票价是每张35元。
The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths.
热量以更长的波长被释放回太空。
release vt.& n.排放；释放；发布

(1)The factory keeps releasing smoke，making the air dirty.
这家工厂不断地排放烟雾，使空气变脏。
(2)The new software is planned for release in April.
新软件计划在四月份发布。
(3)The kind girl decided to release the bird from the cage.
这个善良的女孩决定把小鸟从笼子里放出去。

[高级表达]
(4)I’m eager to buy the CD which was released last month.
I’m eager to buy the CD released last month.(用非谓语动词改写)
Without this process，Earth could not sustain life.
如果没有这个过程，地球就无法维持生命。
sustain vt.维持；遭受；承受住

(1)I only had a little chocolate to sustain me on my walk.
我只有一点巧克力来支撑我走路。
(2)Be careful! The ice is not thick enough to sustain your weight.
小心！这冰不够厚，难以承受你的体重。
(3)Today，sustainable(sustain) development is a popular trend in many countries.
如今，可持续发展在很多国家是一种流行趋势。
We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce.我们个人也可以通过限制我们的生活方式产生的二氧化碳的量来减少“碳足迹”。
restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚
※restrict...to...把……限制在……
※restriction n.限制
※restricted adj.有限的；受限制的
※restrictive adj.限制性的；约束的

(1)We restrict the number of students per class to 10.
我们将每个班的学生人数限制在10人。
(2)In those days women led fairly restricted(restrict) lives.
那时，妇女过着相当受限制的生活。
(3)The government has agreed to lift restrictions(restrict) on press freedom.
政府已经同意解除对新闻自由的限制。
(4)They will hold a meeting to discuss the restrictive (restrict) laws.
他们将要开会讨论那些限制性的法律。
It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming，along with its causes and impacts，because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.抓住每个机会来教育大家了解全球变暖及其原因和影响的知识是我们的责任，因为这是影响地球上所有人的最严重的问题。
seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制
seize sb.by the arm抓住某人的胳膊
seize on/upon抓住；突然对……大为关注

(1)I was ready to pay for my bananas at the grocery one night，when fear seized me.(2019·天津)
一天晚上，我在杂货店里正准备付钱买香蕉时恐惧攫住了我。
(2)I was walking in the street when a boy suddenly seized me by the arm.
我正在街上走着，这时一个男孩抓住了我的胳膊。
(3)Bob seized on/upon the rain as an excuse for missing school.
鲍勃以下雨为借口不去上学。
[高级表达]
(4)It is said that the city which was seized by the enemy was very old.
It is said that the city seized by the enemy was very old.(用非谓语动词改写)
经典句式
There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.几乎没有疑问：地球变得越来越热了。
※本句中的doubt后接同位语从句，说明doubt的具体内容。
※doubt的常见句型：
There is some doubt whether...……有些疑问。
There is no doubt that...……是毫无疑问的。
I doubt whether/if.../I have some doubt whether...我怀疑……
I don’t doubt that.../I have no doubt that...
我毫不怀疑……

(1)There is no doubt that in your mind he is innocent，is there?
你内心相信他是清白的，对吗？
(2)There is some doubt whether he will succeed.
他是否会成功，尚存疑问。
(3)I have no doubt that you can do this job well.
我完全相信你有能力做好这项工作。
(4)I don’t doubt that the gold ring belongs to her.
我不怀疑那枚金戒指是她的。
(5)I doubt if/whether that chair will bear your weight.
我怀疑那把椅子是否能承受住你的体重。
Without this process，Earth could not sustain life.
如果没有这个过程，地球就无法维持生命。
※本句中的without this process是介词短语，相当于条件状语从句，引起虚拟语气。
※类似用法的还有：with，otherwise，or，but for等。

(1)Without air and water，there would be no life on the earth.
如果没有空气和水，地球上将没有生命。
(2)With your help，I would do the experiment well.
有了你的帮助，我会把这个实验做好。
(3)I am really busy，otherwise/or I would certainly go with you.
我真的很忙，否则我一定跟你一起去。
(4)The ship would have sunk with all the people on board but for the efforts of the captain.
要不是船长的努力，这艘船及船上所有的人都沉没了。
[句型转换]
(5)Without his help，I couldn’t have succeeded.
If he hadn’t helped me，I couldn’t have succeeded.

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．There is no doubt that their team will win the final game.
2．Without exams，the students would lead(lead) an easier life.
3．I don’t know the specialist referred(refer) to in the speech.
4．He was comforting the old man released(release) from the hole.
5．The expert told us that this animal died of starvation(starve)．
6．The surgeon seized the pickpocket by the collar.
7．There will be a lecture on sustainable(sustain) economic growth next Sunday.
8．The restriction(restrict) of press freedom is seen as an abuse of human rights.
Ⅱ.完成句子
9．There is some doubt whether the new system will work.这个新系统能否起作用，还有些疑问。
10．Without his advice，they couldn’t have seized the important chance.
没有他的建议，他们不可能抓住那个重要的机会。
11．The mother decided to starve her son into giving up computer games.
这位母亲决定通过让她的儿子挨饿来放弃电脑游戏。
12．He was so busy that he forgot to release the pet dog from the cage.
他那么忙，忘记了把宠物狗从笼子里放出来。

基础巩固
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The house should be habitable(适合居住的) by the new year.
2．The consultant was busy studying the comprehensive(详尽的) report then.
3．Oil pollution could damage the ecology(生态学) of the coral reefs.
4．There is a growing trend towards earlier retirement in that country.
5．The boy will try his best to seize the golden chance to go abroad.
6．Because of the policy(政策) of reform and opening，China has taken on a new look over the past decades.
7．Generally speaking，having small children tends to restrict your freedom.
8．The bad news is that the ice has begun to melt as a result of global warming.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
9．The smell released(release) from the hole made us a little sick.
10．The thieves seized(seize) by the policemen were taken to the police station.
11．The government placed restrictions(restrict) on sales of weapons.
12．I used to go to that old temple frequently(frequent) as a child.
13．China will remain a large and sustainable(sustain) consumer of raw materials.
14．Thousands of men，women and children there are facing starvation(starve) now.
15．Most of the citizens were interested in the news broadcast(broadcast) yesterday.
Ⅲ.单句写作
16．市民们是否会接受这项新政策还有些疑问。(doubt)
There is some doubt whether the citizens will accept the new policy.
17．如果没有互联网，我们的生活会艰难得多。(without)
Without the Internet，our life would be much harder.
18．这个公园对公众开放，没有任何限制。(restriction)
The park is open to the public without restriction.
19．他在服刑五年后从狱中被释放出来。(release)
He was released from prison after serving a sentence of five years.
20．救援人员到达时，幸存者们正在挨饿。(starve)
When the rescuers arrived，the survivors were starving.
能力提升
Ⅳ.阅读理解
We produce 500 billion of plastic bags in a year worldwide and they are thrown away polluting oceans，killing wildlife and getting dumped in landfills where they take up to 1,000 years to decompose.Researchers have been unsuccessfully looking for a solution.
The 16­year­old Canadian high school student，Daniel Burd，from Waterloo Collegiate Institute，has discovered a way to make plastic bags degrade(降解) in as few as three months，a finding that won him first prize at the Canada­Wide Science Fair，a $10,000 prize，a $20,000 scholarship，and a chance to revolutionize a major environmental issue.
Burd’s strategy was simple：Since plastic does eventually degrade，it must be eaten by microorganisms(微生物)．If those microorganisms could be identified，we could put them to work eating the plastic much faster than under normal conditions.
With this goal in mind，he grounded plastic bags into a powder and concocted(调制) a solution of household chemicals，yeast(酵母) and tap water to encourage microbes growth.Then he added the plastic powder and let the microbes work their magic for three months.Finally，he tested the resulting bacterial culture on plastic bags，exposing one plastic sample to dead bacteria as a control.Sure enough，the plastic exposed to the live bacteria was 17% lighter than the control after six weeks.
The inputs are cheap：maintaining the required temperature takes little energy because microbes produce heat as they work，and the only outputs are water and tiny levels of carbon dioxide.
“Almost every week I have to do chores and when I open the closet door，I have piles of plastic bags falling on top of me.One day，I got tired of it and I wanted to know what other people are doing with these plastic bags.The answer：not much.So I decided to do something myself，” said Daniel Burd.
语篇解读　本文主要讲述了一个加拿大的高中生发现了一种能够快速降解塑料的方法，并讲述了其实验过程以及是如何得到启发发现此方法的。

1．Daniel Burd won first prize at the Canada­Wide Science Fair because .
A．he found a way to degrade plastics in a shorter time
B．he contributed much to environmental protection
C．he found a new kind of microorganism
D．he could encourage microbes growth in an easier way
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“...has discovered a way to make plastic bags degrade(降解) in as few as three months，a finding that won him first prize at the Canada­Wide Science Fair...”可知，Daniel Burd 因发现了短时间内降解塑料袋的方法而获奖。故选A。
2．Daniel Burd exposed one plastic sample to dead bacteria to .
A．make the live bacteria work better
B．know which bacteria worked faster
C．test how effective his method was
D．control the temperature in the process
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第四段第三句“Finally，he tested the resulting bacterial culture on plastic bags，exposing one plastic sample to dead bacteria as a control.”可知，他这样做的目的在于测试他的方法是否有效。故选C。
3．Maintaining the required temperature takes little energy because .
A．plastics can get hot easily
B．microbes can produce heat themselves
C．much carbon dioxide is produced
D．the temperature can be controlled
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“...maintaining the required temperature takes little energy because microbes produce heat as they work...”可知，这是因为细菌在工作的时候会产生热量。故选B。
4．Daniel Burd got his idea from .
A．his school textbook
B．the failure of researchers
C．his everyday work
D．the practice of other people
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段Daniel Burd说的话“Almost every week I have to do chores and when I open the closet door...So I decided to do something myself.”可知，他是在日常家务劳动中得到的启发。故选C。
Ⅴ.完形填空
The other evening we had a knock at the door.It was a new neighbor who introduced himself and his boys to us.He also 1 us to a block party as a way to know the people in the neighborhood as well as celebrate the first anniversary of his two 2 sons coming to live with him.
We’ve lived here almost six years and no one has ever come to introduce themselves.I suppose we should have 3 it on to introduce ourselves to people moving in，but we haven’t.In my opinion，it took the initiative(首创) of a young man and his adopted sons to show me how I could 4 better attention to my own community.I have many 5 friends but I have to admit that I haven’t usually been the one to develop the 6 in my own neighborhood.
This experience 7 me of one of my favorite quotes: “When I was a young man，I wanted to change the world.I found it was 8 to change the world，so I tried to change my nation.When I found I couldn’t change the nation，I began to 9 my town.I couldn’t change the town and as an older man，I tried to change my 10 .Now，as an old man，I 11 the only thing I can change is myself，and 12 I realize that if long ago I had changed myself，I could have made an impact on my family and 13 on my town.The impact could have changed the nation and I could 14 have changed the world.”
For those of us who want to make a(n) 15 in the world，it’s important that we remember what Bucky Fuller said，“Think globally，but act locally.” For me，I’m going to make it a point to meet more of my neighbors—starting now.
语篇解读　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，讲述作者所住的社区来了一位新邻居，他主动把自己和孩子介绍给社区的人们，这件事让作者感触颇深。

1．A.invited B．commanded
C．persuaded D．encouraged
答案　A
解析　根据空后的“us to a block party”可知，他还邀请(invite)我们参加一个街区聚会。
2．A.adopted B．accepted
C．adapted D．annoyed
答案　A
解析　根据下文中的“his adopted sons”可知，他的两个儿子是收养的(adopted)。
3．A.put B．made
C．taken D．turned
答案　C
解析　根据空后的“it on to introduce ourselves to people moving in，but we haven’t”可知，我们本应该向刚搬进来的邻居作自我介绍，take on表示“承担……”。
4．A.draw B．lose
C．pay D．offer
答案　C
解析　根据空后的“better attention to my own community”可知，这个年轻男人的做法让我更注意我所居住的社区，pay attention to注意。
5．A.foreign B．local
C．old D．rich
答案　B
解析　根据空后的“in my own neighborhood”可知，我有很多当地的(local)朋友。
6．A.trouble B．friendship
C．concern D．business
答案　B
解析　上文说我在当地有很多朋友，再结合转折连词but可知，但是我承认通常我不是在我的所在地主动发展友谊(friendship)的那个人，与前面的friends相对应。
7．A.reminded B．told
C．warned D．convinced
答案　A
解析　根据空后的“me of one of my favorite quotes”可知，这个经历让我想起(remind)了一句我最喜欢的名言。
8．A.difficult B．easy
C．interesting D．right
答案　A
解析　根据空后的“to change the world，so I tried to change my nation”可知，此处是说我发现很难(difficult)改变世界，于是我努力改变我的国家。
9．A.make out B．concentrate on
C．get into D．refer to
答案　B
解析　根据空前的“When I found I couldn’t change the nation”可知，当我发现我不能改变我的国家的时候，我集中精力于(concentrate on)我的城镇。
10．A.state B．family
C．town D．mind
答案　B
解析　根据下文中的“made an impact on my family”可知，此处是说我想改变我的家庭(family)。
11．A.explain B．forget
C．realize D．regret
答案　C
解析　根据上文内容及本空后的“the only thing I can change is myself”可知，最后我意识到(realize)我能改变的只是我自己。
12．A.happily B．suddenly
C．actually D．luckily
答案　B
解析　根据空后的“I realize that if long ago I had changed myself，I could have made an impact on my family”可知，我突然(suddenly)意识到如果我早改变自己的话，我早就能改变家庭了。
13．A.merely B．still
C．only D．even
答案　D
解析　根据空后的“on my town”可知，如果我早改变自己的话，我早就能改变家庭了，甚至(even)改变我的城镇。
14．A.indeed B．hardly
C．never D．seldom
答案　A
解析　根据空前的“The impact could have changed the nation”可知，我的确(indeed)能改变世界了。
15．A.decision B．difference
C．apology D．mistake
答案　B
解析　此处是说对于那些想对世界有影响(make a difference)的人来说，记住Bucky Fuller说的话很重要。
Ⅵ.语法填空
“Save environment，save life” is a most common and important saying nowadays.Just by making a few small changes，we can make a big contribution and save our environment.When the entire society starts making these changes，we 1. (create) a beautiful world.
Start by 2. (turn) off the lights，TVs and other electrical items when we leave a room.If possible，avoid using a dryer but hang your clothes on a clothesline.Not only will you save power and reduce your contribution to 3. (globe) warming，but also you will have clothes that last longer.
Replace plastic bags 4. recycling paper bags.The white pollution is one of the 5. (big) environmental problems that are now troubling the whole world.
Do your bit for nature by planting a tree.If all of us plant trees,6. will make the whole world green.
Aside from 7. is mentioned above，there are many things you can do as far as environmental 8. (protect) is concerned.Just pay attention to your own deeds that are contributing 9. the environmental problems on this planet.Just do your bit and it will make a big 10. (different)．
语篇解读　保护环境就是保护我们的生命。只要我们做一些小小的改变，就能产生巨大的影响。作者列举了一些日常的、我们力所能及的保护环境的举措。

1．答案　will create
解析　考查时态。句意为：当全社会都开始做出这些改变时，我们将会创造一个美丽的世界。根据语境可知此处表示将来含义。主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。
2．答案　turning
解析　考查非谓语动词。介词by后应加动名词作宾语，故填turning。
3．答案　global
解析　考查形容词。warming在此是名词，意为“变暖；升温”，修饰名词应用形容词global。
4．答案　with/by
解析　考查固定搭配。replace...with/by...为固定结构，意为“用……代替……”。
5．答案　biggest
解析　考查形容词最高级。“one of the＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数”为固定结构，意为“……中最……之一”。故此处应用形容词最高级，故填biggest。
6．答案　we
解析　考查代词。根据句意“如果我们都植树，我们将会使整个世界变绿”可知，此处应填人称代词主格we。
7．答案　what
解析　考查连接词。句意为：除了上述提到的……，填what，表示“所……的”。
8．答案　protection
解析　考查名词。根据空前的形容词可知设空处应填名词，environmental protection意为“环境保护”，符合句意。
9．答案　to
解析　考查固定搭配。contribute to为固定搭配，意为“促成，造成”。
10．答案　difference
解析　考查名词。形容词big应修饰名词，make a big difference是固定表达，意为“意义重大；产生很大影响”。