人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists练习

Unit 1SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS

Section A　Reading and Thinking

课后篇巩固提升

基础夯实

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1.Although we are suffering such a 　　　　　(严重的) natural disaster,we will eventually overcome the temporary difficulty. 

答案severe

2.The public are holding a number of apparently 　　　　　(矛盾的)attitudes towards the matter. 

答案contradictory

3.　　　　　 (处理) the most important tasks first,and you’ll feel a real sense of achievement. 

答案Handle

4.The factory used 65 percent of the 　　　　　(原始的) materials,the rest of which were saved for other purposes. 

答案raw

5.Most tennis is played on hard courts,but a 　　　　　(大量的) amount is played on clay. 

答案substantial

6.Experts 　　　　　(怀疑) it was evolution in other animals that caused the change. 

答案suspect(ed)

7.If you have any of these symptoms,change your life goals and 　　　　　(减少;降低) your tolerance of stress. 

答案decrease

8.　　　　　 (统计数字) suggested that a decreasing number of children showed interest in reading. 

答案Statistics

Ⅱ.短语填空

thanks to,attend to,die from,once and for all,give birth,as a result of,subscribe to,in general

1.Bill and Tom asked the teacher to settle the argument 　　　　　　　　. 

答案once and for all

2.I have never 　　　　　　　　the view that schooldays are the happiest days of life. 

答案subscribed to

3.　　　　　　　　 his parents’ encouragement and support,he finally realized his dream. 

答案Thanks to

4.I was told the plant 　　　　　　　　the effects of over-exposure to the sun. 

答案died from

5.The Nile River 　　　　　　　　to the immortal civilization of the Egyptians. 

答案gave birth

6.I can’t go to your birthday party on Sunday because I have something important to 　　　　　　　　. 

答案attend to

7.　　　　　　　　,the two scientists’ methods have much in common,but the results are quite different. 

答案In general

8.Nearly all the people are believed to be staying at home 　　　　　　　　the disaster. 

答案as a result of

Ⅲ.完成句子

1.好像问题在于没有人知道怎样操作这台机器。

What seems to be the trouble is that nobody knows 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　this machine. 

答案how to operate

2.老师好像很欣赏我为我的同学们做的一切。

　　　 　　　　　　　　　　the teacher appreciated what I did for my classmates. 

答案It seemed that

3.如果人们总是长时间坐在电脑屏幕前,他们很可能会患上背部问题。

People 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours. 

答案are likely to suffer

4.机场附近的房屋经常被飞过头顶的喷气式飞机震破窗户。

Houses near airports often 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　by the jet planes passing overhead. 

答案have their windows broken

5.事实是,有好几年时间,我还以为他在电话公司上班呢。

　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　for years I thought he worked for the phone company. 

答案The truth was that

素养提升

Ⅳ.阅读理解

A

主题语境:科学家　语篇类型:说明文　词数:279

难度:★★☆☆

There are many famous scientists in the world,some of whom are very young.Here are four hot young scientists working right now to change the world.

Rizia Bardhan

Rizia Bardhan is 29 and a post doctor at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab.Her research mainly deals with amazing possibilities of micro robots that can be used to cure diseases which are now untreatable.In an interview,she said that when she thought of science,she would think of major problems that she could help to solve.

Heather Knight

Heather Knight,the 28-year-old Chief Executive of the Marilyn Monrobot company,is performing new applications for robotics by casting her shows with robots.She considers humor to be one of the most important human features.Therefore,if she can teach humor to robots,they will be able to better connect with humans.

Imre Bartos

Imre Bartos is a 29-year-old Columbia University graduate student.As one of the young minds,he is remarkable enough to drive others crazy with envy.He studies everything from the formation of black holes to the physics of how mosquito eyes see the world.In the paper Hunting Black Holes with a Gas Cloud,he explains that a gas cloud meeting a black hole in its path will be partially eaten by the black hole.His task is to check the X-rays that are given off during the process.

Jeremy England

Jeremy England is a 36-year-old professor at MIT,a school that is known for its young genius.He is working right now on new ideas about the physics behind basic biology.He says that he wants to make sense of life at the molecular(分子) level.

【语篇解读】文章主要介绍了四位不同领域的当代年轻科学家。

1.What might be used to cure the untreatable disease?

A.Basic biology. B.Micro robots.

C.Atoms. D.X-rays.

答案B

解析细节理解题。由第二段中的“Her research mainly deals with amazing possibilities of micro robots that can be used to cure diseases which are now untreatable.”可知,微型机器人有可能用来治疗目前无法医治的疾病。

2.What’s Heather Knight’s aim?

A.To make new inventions.

B.To teach humor to robots.

C.To make it easier to communicate.

D.To make robots learn to show.

答案B

解析推理判断题。由第三段中的“She considers humor to be one of the most important human features.Therefore,if she can teach humor to robots,they will be able to better connect with humans.”可知,Heather Knight认为幽默是人类重要的特征之一。如果她能教给机器人幽默的话,他们将能够和人类更好地交流。由此可推知,Heather Knight的目标就是教给机器人幽默。

3.Whose study shows new ideas about physics?

A.Jeremy England. B.Rizia Bardhan.

C.Imre Bartos. D.Heather Knight.

答案A

解析细节理解题。由最后一段中的“He is working right now on new ideas about the physics behind basic biology.”可知,Jeremy England现在主要研究基础生物学背后的物理学新观点。

B

主题语境:社会　语篇类型:议论文　词数:334　难度:★★★☆

We’ve all had the experience of wanting to get a project done but putting it off to a later date.So why do we delay things?Are we built to operate this way sometimes?

These questions are central to my research on goal pursuit (追求).It all starts with a simple choice between working now on a given project and doing anything else.The decision to work on something is driven by how much we value accomplishing the project in that moment — what psychologists call its subjective value.And delay,in psychological terms,is what happens when the value of doing something else outweighs the value of working now.

This way of thinking suggests a simple trick to defeat delay.For example,instead of cleaning my house,I might try to focus on why grading papers is personally important to me.It’s simple advice,but sticking to this strategy (策略) can be quite difficult.

People are not entirely wise in the way they value things.For example,a dollar bill is worth exactly the same today as it is a week from now,but its subjective value—roughly how good it would feel to own a dollar—depends on other factors besides its face value,such as when we receive it.The tendency for people to devalue money and other goods based on time is called delay discounting.For example,receiving $100 three months from now is worth the same to people as receiving $83 right now.People would rather lose $17 than wait a few months to get a larger reward.

Getting something done is a delayed reward,so its value in the present is reduced: the further away the deadline is,the less attractive it seems to work on the project right now.The tendency to delay things closely follows economic models of delay discounting.One way to manage it is to make the finish line seem closer.For example,vividly imagining a future reward reduces delay discounting.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文,作者在文中主要分析了拖延的原因以及应对办法。

4.Which of the following best explains “outweighs” in Paragraph 2?

A.Is equal to. B.Is greater than.

C.Is involved in. D.Is central to.

答案B

解析词义猜测题。根据本段内容可知,要去做某件事的决定是被我们在那一刻完成计划的评估驱动的——心理学家称其为某件事的“主观价值”。而拖延从心理学的角度讲,就是当做别的事情的价值大于即刻就工作的价值时发生的情况,故选B项。

5.What should we do to overcome delay in the author’s opinion?

A.Avoid setting a deadline too strictly.

B.Consider doing nothing temporarily.

C.Increase the subjective value of working now.

D.Realize great fun of working immediately.

答案C

解析推理判断题。根据第二段第三、四句“The decision to work on something is driven by how much we value accomplishing the project in that moment — what psychologists call its subjective value.And delay,in psychological terms,is what happens when the value of doing something else outweighs the value of working now.”可知,作者认为人们之所以会拖延是因为他们对完成当前工作任务的主观价值评估较低;再结合第三段的内容可推知,人们可以通过提高对自己完成当前工作任务的主观价值评估来克服拖延,故选C项。

6.Which proverb can best summarize the theory of delay discounting?

A.Time and tide wait for no man.

B.A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.

C.One of these days is none of these days.

D.Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched.

答案B

解析推理判断题。根据第四段的内容,尤其是“The tendency...receiving $100 three months from now is worth the same to people as receiving $83 right now.People would rather lose $17 than wait a few months to get a larger reward.”可知,人们更看重眼前的利益,故B项“A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush”(一鸟在手胜过双鸟在林)符合题干要求。

7.What is suggested to deal with delay discounting?

A.Asking for nothing in return.

B.Lowering our high expectations.

C.Searching for instant satisfaction.

D.Making future rewards more inviting.

答案D

解析细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容,尤其是最后两句“One way to manage it is to make the finish line seem closer.For example,vividly imagining a future reward reduces delay discounting.”可知,作者认为应对拖延的一种方式就是让终点线看上去更近。比如说,生动地想象未来的奖赏会减少延迟折扣,故选D项。