3. 新教材外研版高中第三册外研版新教材知识点汇总

这是一份3. 新教材外研版高中第三册外研版新教材知识点汇总，共17页。
Disappinted by his behaviur, I said all this t my best friend. I was just letting ff stream... 过去分词做状语，有时为了强调，前面可带连词 when, while, if, thugh, as if, unless 等, 表时间，条件，让步，方式等。
过去分词(短语) 做状语，表1时间，2原因，3条件，4让步，5方式或者伴随
1 Asked abut his impressin f the apartment, he made n answer.
=When he was asked abut his impressin f the apartment, ...
2 Seriusly injured, he had t be taken t the hspital.
=Because he was seriusly injured, he had t...
3 United, we stand; divided, we fall.
= If we are untied, we stand; if we are divided, we fall. 团结则存，分裂则亡。
4 Rejected many times, he didn’t lse heart.
=Thugh he was rejected many times, he didn’t lse heart.
5 The by slid ut f his rm, fllwed by hie pet dg.
= The by slid ut f his rm and was fllwed by his pet dg.
过去分词(短语)做状语时，其逻辑主语与句子的主语要一致。 如果主语不一致，要在分词前加上逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。
The by rushed int the classrm, his face cvered with sweat.
有些过去分词已形容词化，做状语时表示主语的某种情绪或者状态。
常见的形容词化的过去分词有
Satisfied, surprised, interested, mved, wrried, pleased, disappinted 等。
First, aplgise t yur teammate...
Then, talk t yur friend...
Thirdly, think abut yur wn behaviur.
Firstly later...
It’s adj./n.+t d sth. 做某事是的
It’s nt easy fr anyne t say srry.
It’s nt a gd idea t criticise smene in frnt f thers.
It’s believed that...人们相信..., 有人认为...
It’s believed that EQ plays an even mre imprtant rle than IQ. 人们认为情商扮演的角色比智商更重要。
It’s believed that EQ plays an even mre imprtant rle than IQ
=Peple believe that EQ plays an even mre imprtant rle than IQ.
=EQ is believed t play an even mre imprtant rle than IQ.
It’s reprted that... 据报道
It's annunced that...据宣布
It’s cnsidered that... 人们认为
It's hped that... 人们希望
It’s thught that... 人们认为
It’s believed that...人们相信
It’s suggested that...有人建议
Stp fr a mment and cnsider that perhaps yur friend wants sme frank cmments
frm yu s that they can imprve. (s that 引导的目的状语从句)
S that 既可以引导目的状语从句，还可以引导结果状语从句。
引导目的状语从句时，意为“以便，为了”相当于 in rder that，从句中往往有will/wuld/can/culd/may/might 等情态V，表明动作尚未发生。
引导结果状语从句时，意为“因此，所以”，从句中不用情态V.
Perhaps the meal yu said was “delicius” will be served every time yu visit.
Every/each time 意为“每次”，名词词组，可做连词，引导时间状从。
可做连词，含time 的名词词组：
The first time
The secnd time
(the) last time
(the) next time
Any time
By the time
The mre independent yu are, the better yur life will be.
The+比较级( +主谓)， the+比较级( +主谓) 前者表条件，后者表结果。
The mre, the better. 多多益善。
The harder yu study, the mre prgress yu will make.
你学习越刻苦，你取得的进步就越大。
The mre psitive an article was, the mre likely it was t be shared.
Unit 2
All I can d is (t) ride a tricycle and make mney fr the students.
(all I can d =all that I can d( that在从句中做宾语，可以省略) =what I can d)
当主语含有d的某种形式时， 作表语的不定式可以省略t
The nly thing fr yu t d nw is (t) aplgize.
All yu need t d is (t) shw yur perseverance.
Knwing that the kids nw have mney fr schl is what keeps me ging
and gives me mre energy. 知道孩子们现在有钱上学是让我坚持下去的理由，并给了我更多的力量。
What=all that
=the things that
=anything that
What 引导的名词性从句=先行词+that 引导的定语从句
Ging t Beijing University is what I’ve been dreaming f.
上北京大学是我一直梦寐以求的。
have truble ding sth. 做某事有困难
Ryan had truble believing the wrds spken by his teacher that... 瑞安难以相信老师说的话
Truble, difficulty 前可用sme, n, little, much 等修饰
have truble (in) ding sth. 中，介词in 可省略
做某事有困难
have truble with sth.
have truble (in) ding sth.
have prblems with sth.
have prblems (in) ding sth.
have a hard/difficult time (in) ding sth.
have difficulty (in) ding sth.
如此以至于
And why is the water s dirty that it makes them sick? 为什么水这么脏以至于让她们生病？
/
s 后接形容词或副词，
such 后接名词(短语)， 但当名词前有 many/much/few/little 时， 要用s
Nt nly... but als
We need t nt nly dnate mney but als get new ideas.
nt nly... but als...是并列连词， 连接两个对等的成分，如主语，谓语，宾语，表语，状语等等，还可连接两个分句。
nt nly... but als 连接两个主语时，强调的是后面的主语，因此谓语应和后面的主语在人称和数量上保持一致，即 遵循“就近原则”。
Nt als 连接两个分句时，且nt nly 位于句首时，nt nly 分句用部分倒装语序.
Eg. Nt nly d the teachers have their wn ideas n the matter, but the students have theirs t.
als 有时可省略，或将als 换成 t， as well (位于句末)
13. have/ has been ding 一直在（现在完成进行时）
Nw, UNICEF has been wrking t imprve the lives f children and their families acrss 190 cuntries and territries.
have/has been ding: 表示动作从某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，或者可能仍然要继续下去。
现在完成时 VS 现在完成进行时
I've been writing a nvel. 过去发生，延续到现在，还在进行
I've written a nvel. 过去发生，已经完成
14. 过去分词作定语
1）单个过去分词作定语时，通常在被修饰词之前
The grund was cvered with fallen leaves. 地上满是落叶
Peple shuldn’t be expsed t plluted water. 人们不应该接触被污染了的水。
2）过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰词之后。
I was instructed t carry ut a plan supprted by mst peple.
= I was instructed t carry ut a plan which was supprted by mst peple.
我被要求执行一个多数人支持的计划。
不及物动词，只表示完成，不表被动；
a retired teacher 退休教师
fallen leaves 落叶
The risen sun 升起的太阳
及物动词，表示被动或完成
An hnred guest 一位受尊敬的客人
Deeply mved peple 深受感动的人们
The brken glass 碎了的杯子
The questin discussed yesterday 昨天讨论的问题
现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别
语态上不同，现在分词表主动意义，
过去分词多表示被动意义
The wman standing beside him is his secretary.
(wman和stand 是主动的关系)
She shwed me the bk recmmended by the prfessr
（bk 和 recmmend 是被动的关系）
时间关系上的不同，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，而过去分词表示动作已经完成
the changing wrld 正在发生变化的世界 the changed wrld 已经变化了的世界
the falling leaves 正在下落的树叶 the fallen leaves 落叶
as 引导的状语从句和定语从句
A shcked Wintn watched as the majrity f peple rse t their feet.
温顿震惊的望着大多数人站了起来。
As the Chinese saying ges, “A kind-hearted persn lives a lng life.”
中国有句俗话叫“好人长寿”。
as 引导的时间状语从句，强调主句谓语动词与从句谓语动词动作的同时性。
As ur car apprached Munt Huang, it slwed dwn. 我们的车接近黄山时，速度慢了下来。
as 引导的原因状语从句
It is imprtant t pay yur electricity bill n time, as late payments may affect yur credit. 按时缴付电费很重要，因为晚交可能会影响你的信用。
as 引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然，即使”（从句需倒装）

1. Cld as it is, my elder brther wears nly a shirt.
尽管天气很冷，我哥哥只穿了一件衬衫。
2. Ht as it was, the kids played ftball n the playgrund.
尽管天气很热，孩子们还是在操场上踢足球。
3. Child as he is, he knws a lt abut space explratin.
尽管他还是个孩子，但他对太空的探索了解很多。
4. Hard as they tried, they culdn't make her change her mind.
尽管他们做了很大的努力，却没法让他改变主意。
5. Try as he might, he culdn't slve the prblem.
尽管他想法设法， 却未能解决这个问题。
6. Much as he liked her, he left her finally.
尽管他很喜欢她，可最后他还是离开了他。

as 引导的方式状语从句，意为“以方式”
They did as I had asked.
as 引导的比较状语从句，意为“像一样”
Jhn came as early as Mary did.
as 引导定语从句，意为“正如，正像”
As is knwn t us all, the Internet plays a very imprtant part in ur life and wrk.
众所周知，互联网在我们的工作和生活中起着重要的作用
as 引导的定语从句的几个常用固定句式：
as is knwn t all...
as we can see (frm his accent)
as yu knw
as is mentined abve
Unit 3
非限制性定语从句
用于对先行词起补充说明，补充额外信息，如果省略，句意仍然清晰完整。
而限制性定语从句，对先行词限定修饰，缩小范围。
A faint blue light sht acrss it, darkening t purple, and presently she culd see the image f her sn, wh lived n the ther side f the earth.
一道微弱的蓝光射过了它，变暗至紫色。过了一会，她就看见了他儿子的影像，他住在地球的另一边，他也看见了她。
I have daughter wh is a dctr. 限制性 我有一个当医生的女儿
I have a daughter, wh is a dctr. 非限制性 我有一个女儿，她是个医生
The way+定语从句
Lk at the pictures and talk abut hw the way we live has changed ver time.
看图片，谈谈我们的生活方式是如何随着时间而改变的。
the way+(that/in which+) 定语从句
find+宾语+宾补 发现/觉得...怎么样
see, hear, watch, ntice, have, get, make +宾语+宾补
And nw, we find urselves in the great new age f technlgy.
现在， 我们发现自己正处在伟大的新技术时代。
find+n./prn.+介词短语 we tried t help her but fund her ut f truble.
find+n./prn.+adj. I find my knwledge f the prject limited.
find+n./prn.+adv When we gt hme, we fund all the lights n.
find+n./prn.+n. Yu’ll find it a frightening explratin.
find+n./prn.+分词 We went back hme, finding ur dg fixing its eyes n an insect.
总结， find 后接 省去了谓语动词的主系表/主谓宾 结构。
The man dwnstairs fund it hard t fall asleep.
Find+it+宾补+t d it形式宾语，t d 逻辑宾语
强调句
S what is it that inspires us t invent things?
那是什么激励我们去发明东西呢？
It is/was+被强调部分+that/wh+句子剩余部分 （is 还是was 根据原句时态而定）
去掉 it was/is that/wh, 能还原成完整的句子，则为强调句，否则就不是。
强调除谓语外的成分
We met a great scientist in the park yesterday.
It was we that/wh met a great scientist in the park yesterday.
It was a great scientist that/wh we met in the park yesterday.
It was in the park that we met a great scientist yesterday.
It was yesterday that we met a great scientist in the park.
强调谓语的固定结构：
d/des/did/des+动词原形
What 引导的主语从句+ is+ that 引导的表语从句
But what remains imprtant is that we have an incredible desire t think and create,
and that’s the real spirit f inventin.
但依然重要的是，我们有一种强烈的欲望去思考和创造，这才是真正的发明精神。
What 引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。
what 引导主语从句时在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语等，有含义；
that 引导主语从句时，在从句中不做任何成分，没有意义，只起连接作用，不能省略；
which (ever) 引导的主语从句，多表示哪一个，那些，通常有一个选择的范围。
If 或者whether 引导的宾语从句
Peple wanted t knw if lightning was really prduced by electricity r smething else.

是否含义时， Whether > if, if 只能用于动词后的宾从
1. I wnder if/whether he cmes back. 宾从
2. Whether he cmes back remains unknwn. 主从
whether/if 引导的名词性从句：
whether/if 只起连接作用，在句中不作成分。
不能使用if 的情况：
1.表语从句、同位语从句中，不用使用if;
2. 名词性从句位于句首时，不用if;
3. 从句中有 r/r nt 时，不用if;
4.从句作介词的宾语，不用if
Hwever, neither the stry nr the details f the experiment are entirely true.
然而，这个故事和实验的细节都不是完全真实的。
连接两个名词或代词作主语时， 谓语动词的单复数遵循就近原则。
就近原则： ,
Nt nly, but als

There is n prf that...
There is n prf that it hit him n the head. That 引导的同位语从句
同位语从句一般由that, wh- 类连接词引导， 常放在dubt, fact, news, idea, truth, hpe, prblem, infrmatin, thught 等抽象名词后，解释说明该名词的具体的内容。
That 无意义，不充当句子成分。
现在完成时的被动语态
Have/has been dne
Have/has nt been dne
Has/have + 主语 + been dne?
特殊疑问词+has/have + 主语 + been dne?
常与现在完成时连用的 状语
already已经 yet 已经 recently/ lately 最近
since then从那时起 ever since 自那以来 ever曾经
s far 迄今为止 fr a lng time 很长一段时间 by nw 到现在为止
In recent years 在最近几年 in/during/ver the past/ last few years 在过去的几年里
brrw, begin, start, buy, marry, pen, jin 非延续性动词的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示时间段的状语连用。
Unit 4
This is/ That's why
I guess that’s why she attracts s many visitrs every day.
我想这就是她每天吸引这么多游客的原因。
That’s why
That’s because
The reasn that... (why引导的定语从句，修饰the reasn)
It’s time t d sth.
And nw, it’s time t get up clse and persnal with ne the greatest artists--Rembrandt.
It’s time t g t bed. (不定式作定语)
It’s time fr us t leave fr hme. (带逻辑主语的不定式作定语)

It’s (high/abut) time that sb. did sth.
It’s (high/abut) time that sb. shuld d sth.
某人该做某事了
as if (=as thugh)
They really d reach ut t us acrss the centuries as if time itself were nthing.
它们真的是跨越了几个世纪向我们伸出了援手，彷佛时间本身无关紧要。
as if 从句，事实真实，用陈述语气，
若与事实相反，用虚拟语气
对现在情况的虚拟，一般过去时
对过去情况的虚拟，过去完成时
as if 从句的省略，当主从主语一致，谓语中含be 动词，从句的主语和be 动词可省略。
Yu can brush with the Klibree as if guided by a dentist.
= Yu can brush with the Klibree as if yu are guided by a dentist.
Everywhere引导的地点状语从句
peple are creating it everywhere yu lk.
Everywhere 作从属连词，意为“无论哪里”，相当于wherever, 引导地点状从。
Wherever she ges, peple seem t recgnise her.
无论她走到哪里，人们都能认出她。
现在进行时的被动语态
肯定式： 主语+is/am/are+ being dne
否定式： 主语+is/am/are+nt+ being dne
特殊疑问式： 疑问词++is/am/are+主语+ being dne
用法

表示正在进行的被动动作
The sprts meeting is being held n ur schl.
表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作
It is reprted that many a new huse is being built at present in the disaster area.
表示一种经常性的被动行为
He is always being praised by the teacher.
表示按计划或安排将要发生的被动动作
A ppular sng is being sung next.
It+be+ 过去分词+that
It is said that when the Emperr asked Han Gan t take a master f hrse painting as his teacher. 据说当皇帝让韩干请一位马画大师当老师时
该句式中，it 是形式主语，that 引导的从句是真正的主语
It is said that...
It is agreed that...
It is reprted that...
It is annunced that...
It is recrded that...
It is believed that...
It is thught that...
It is hped that...
It is suggested that...
It’s said that they wn the game.
=They are said t have wn the game.
The first+n.+t d
Vasc da Gama (1460-1524) was a Prtuguese explrer and
the first Eurpean t reach India by sea.
在表示次序的the first, the last, the nly, the very, the right, the best 等所修饰的名词或代词后作定语，常用不定式。
The first peple t arrive
The nly kid in my family t have a gift fr panting.
但是，也有过去分词作定语的情况，表示被动和动作已经发生
The first student sent abrad fr further educatin.
What 引导的名词性从句
What we get frm this adventure is just sheer jy.
This is what life means and what life is fr.
What=all that
=the things that
=anything that
Be up t sb. 由某人决定
It's ttally up t yu.它完全取决于你。
be up t sth. 能胜任某事
up t 多达
What’s up? 怎么了？
Up t nw 到目前为止
Next time 引导时间状语从句
Next time yu need t take ntes, try using sme f these...
时间名词作连词，引导时间状语从句
The first time/ last time (that)
Any time, each time, every time, the mment, the minute
过去将来时 （即：站在过去看将来）
主语+shuld/wuld+d +其它
Was/were ging t d
Was/were abut t d
was/were ding (仅限某些表示位移的动词)
表示从过去某时看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于宾语从句中。
状语从句的省略
While attacking frm the ship...
=while they are attacking frm the ship...
在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，满足如下两个条件时，状从才能省略，
从句谓语含有be 动词
从句主语和主句主语一致或从句主语时是it.
独立主格
Captain Nem walked in frnt, ne f his men fllwing sme steps behind.
1. 名词（代词）+现在分词
2. 名词（代词）+过去分词
3. 名词（代词）+ 不定式
4. 名词（代词）+介词短语
5. 名词（代词）+形容词或副词
6. There being+ 名词（代词）
7. It being+ 名词（代词）
“介词+关系代词” 引导的定语从句
介词的确定要遵循 “一先，二动，三意义”的原则
一先：根据先行词的某种习惯搭配来确定介词
二动：根据定语从句的动词或形容词所需的某种习惯搭配来确定介词；
三意义：根据定语从句的意义来确定介词
They als had a small pnd in which they raised fish.
Nw that 引导的原因状语从句
Nw that it is hard t avid a disaster n Earth, perhaps I shuld start thinking abut mving t space...
Nw that 相当于 since, 引导原因状语从句
比较级+and+比较级
T explain why summers in Lndn are getting htter and htter.
Strnger and strnger
Mre and mre imprtant
Life is becming better and better.
Yu are becming mre and mre beautiful.
On hearing 一...就..
On hearing the news, China was quick t start rganising emergency aid.
At the sight f
At the sund f
The mment/minute/instant/secnd
Immediately/directly 副词用作连词+句子
Hardly/scarcely... when...
N
As sn as 一...就...
Was ding sth. when...
I was sitting in my rm with my cat, Smartie, n my lap, when the rf just flew ff.
When 可看作是并列连词， 表示在做某事的同时，突然发生另外一件事。
The mment 引导时间状语从句
He had disappeared the mment the strm hit.
由名词短语转化而来的时间状语从句的连词有：
The minute/instant/secnd/
Every/each/ the first/ last/ next time
Wh-ever 引导让步状语从句
But mum said that whatever happens, we shuld always try t see the gd side f things.
Whenever, wherever, hwever 只能引导让步状语从句
N matter what 无论什么