Unit 5 预习·新知早知道1 同步讲解 【新教材】外研版（2019）选择性必修第二册

这是一份Unit 5 预习·新知早知道1 同步讲解 【新教材】外研版（2019）选择性必修第二册，
Ⅰ.匹配词义
a．单词匹配
( )1.habitat A．v.倒坍，塌下
( )2.appetiteB．n.生态，生态学
( )3.chasC．n.栖息地
( )4.cllapseD．n.胃口，食欲
( )5.eclgyE．n.大混乱；紊乱
[答案] 1—5 CDEAB
b．短语匹配
( )1.in cnsequenceA．与……协调一致/和谐共处
( )2.lead tB．反过来
( )3.n behalf fC．导致
( )4.in harmny withD．代表
( )5.in turnE．结果
[答案] 1—5 ECDAB
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．dramatically adv.显著地；戏剧性地
2．subsequently adv.后来，随后
3．multiply v.(使)大大增加，(使)倍增
4．cnservatin n.保护
5．virus n.病毒
6．decrease v.(使)减少；(使)变小
7．trap n.夹子，陷阱
8．departure n.离开
9．explde v.突然增加；爆炸
10．substantial adj.大量的，多的
Ⅰ.语境填词
cllapse；cnservatin；multiply；substantial；we；
incident；trap；habitat；appetite；decrease
1．The party has just lst ffice and with it a substantial number f seats.
2．Cigarette smking multiplies the risk f cancer.
3．The panda's natural habitat is the bamb frest.
4．He suffered frm headaches and lss f appetite．
5．My father's life wrk was devted t the cnservatin f the Lngleat estate.
6．D nt fall int this trap．
7．The number f new students decreased frm 210 t 160 this year.
8．The rf cllapsed under the weight f snw.
9．There was a shting incident near here last night.
10．The cmpany wes mney t mre than 60 banks.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．But since then the nn­elites have imprved dramatically(dramatical)．
2．Subsequently(subsequent), they heard that he had btained Canadian citizenship.
3．Multiplicatin(multiply) f cells leads t rapid grwth f the rganism.
4．There was a lud explsin(explde) and then the building burst int flames.
5．Glbal eclgical(eclgy) effrts can easily be at dds with lcal eclgies.
1．The green grass and bare rck f its landscape cntrast dramatically, giving it a wild and natural beauty.
青草和光秃秃的岩石形成了鲜明的对比，使它具有一种野性和自然的美。
2．Nr wuld they fail t imagine hw its native inhabitants, including ryal penguins, king penguins, and elephant seals, existed in perfect harmny with their natural habitat fr thusands f years.
他们也会去想象岛上的栖息动物，包括皇家企鹅、王企鹅和象海豹，是如何与自然栖息地和谐共存数千年的。
3．Lse n the island, they did what rabbits d best—they multiplied rapidly and began eating the native vegetatin and digging hles, which caused sil ersin.
在岛上自由自在，它们尽其所能——迅速繁殖，开始吃当地的植被并挖洞，造成水土流失。
4．The cats in cnsequence turned their attentin—and their stmachs—back t the native birds, killing up t 60，000 each year.
结果，这些猫把注意力又转移到了当地的鸟类身上——它们又吃起鸟来——每年捕杀的鸟多达6万只。
名师圈点
①Macquarie Island麦夸里岛，是澳大利亚的一个岛，位于太平洋西南边陲，距塔斯马尼亚州东南部1 500公里，大约相当于从澳洲到南极洲的一半路程。
②strmy adj.有暴风雨的
③sculpt v．塑造
④landscape n．风景
⑤cntrast v．对比；对照
⑥dramatically adv.显著地；戏剧性地
⑦heritage n．遗产；传统
⑧inhabitant n．居民
⑨in harmny with与……一致/和谐相处
⑩habitat n．栖息地
⑪tragic adj.悲惨的；可悲的
⑫unknwingly adv.不知道地
⑬take ver占据，占领
⑭attack vt.进攻，攻击
⑮subsequently adv.后来，随后
⑯appetite n．胃口，食欲
⑰meanwhile adv.与此同时
⑱multiply v．(使)大大增加，(使)倍增
⑲vegetatin n．植物，草木(总称)
⑳ersin n．侵蚀；逐步破坏
eq \(○,\s\up2(21))plentiful adj.充足的；丰富的
eq \(○,\s\up2(22))in turn反过来；轮流
eq \(○,\s\up2(23))lead t导致
eq \(○,\s\up2(24))parakeet n．长尾(小)鹦鹉
eq \(○,\s\up2(25))die ut灭绝
eq \(○,\s\up2(26))reserve n．保护区
eq \(○,\s\up2(27))ut f cntrl失去控制
eq \(○,\s\up2(28))cme up with想出；提出
eq \(○,\s\up2(29))virus n．病毒
eq \(○,\s\up2(30))release vt.释放
eq \(○,\s\up2(31))decrease v．(使)减少；(使)变小
eq \(○,\s\up2(32))in cnsequence结果
eq \(○,\s\up2(33))in the 1980s二十世纪八十年代
eq \(○,\s\up2(34))departure n．离开
eq \(○,\s\up2(35))r s大约；大概
eq \(○,\s\up2(36))turn ut结果是；证明是
eq \(○,\s\up2(37))immunity n．免疫力
eq \(○,\s\up2(38))explde v．突然增加
eq \(○,\s\up2(39))cllapse v．倒坍，塌下
eq \(○,\s\up2(40))substantial adj.大量的；许多的
eq \(○,\s\up2(41))participate in参加；参与
eq \(○,\s\up2(42))helicpter n．直升飞机
eq \(○,\s\up2(43))interventin n．干预；介入
原文呈现
MACQUARIE ISLAND：frm Chas t Cnservatin
I am standing n Macquarie Island①， in the Suth­west Pacific Ocean, halfway between Australia and Antarctica.Strng winds and strmy② seas have helped sculpt③ its lng, thin shape.The green grass and bare rck f its landscape④ cntrast⑤ dramatically⑥， giving it a wild and natural beauty.[1] N visitr wuld think it surprising that the island is a UNESCO Wrld Heritage⑦ Site.[2] Nr wuld they fail t imagine hw its native inhabitants⑧， including ryal penguins，king penguins，and elephant seals, existed in perfect harmny with⑨ their natural habitat⑩ fr thusands f years.[3]
[1]句中giving it a wild and natural beauty作结果状语。
[2]it作形式宾语；真正的宾语是that引导的从句。
[3]本句是倒装句，nr置于句首，wuld提前。
But the island's mre recent histry tells a different stry.It's a tragic⑪ stry that began in 1810 when humans arrived n the island.In their ships they unknwingly⑫ brught rats and mice.These small animals quickly tk ver⑬ the island, eating the birds' eggs and attacking⑭ baby birds.Cats were brught t the island t cntrl the rats and mice.Unfrtunately, the cats subsequently⑮ develped an appetite⑯ fr the birds, t.
Meanwhile⑰， rabbits were intrduced t the island as a surce f fd fr humans.Lse n the island, they did what rabbits d best—they multiplied⑱ rapidly and began eating the native vegetatin⑲ and digging hles, which caused sil ersin⑳.[4] The explding rabbit ppulatin prvided plentifuleq \s\up6(eq \(○,\s\up2(21))) fd fr the cats, meaning that the number f cats als increased.This in turneq \s\up6(eq \(○,\s\up2(22))) led teq \s\up6(eq \(○,\s\up2(23))) mre cats hunting the birds.The end result was that parakeetseq \s\up6(eq \(○,\s\up2(24))), nce large in number and native t the island, died uteq \s\up6(eq \(○,\s\up2(25))) in 1891.
[4]which引导非限定性定语从句。
Even after Macquarie Island became an fficial nature reserveeq \s\up6(eq \(○,\s\up2(26))) in the 1970s, the rabbits remained ut f cntrleq \s\up6(eq \(○,\s\up2(27))).Experts felt it necessary t cme up witheq \s\up6(eq \(○,\s\up2(28))) a plan t remve all the rabbits frm the island.[5] With this gal in mind, a viruseq \s\up6(eq \(○,\s\up2(29))) was releasedeq \s\up6(eq \(○,\s\up2(30))) nt the island.But althugh the virus caused the rabbit ppulatin t decreaseeq \s\up6(eq \(○,\s\up2(31))) frm 130，000 t arund 10，000, it als meant less fd fr the cats.The cats in cnsequenceeq \s\up6(eq \(○,\s\up2(32))) turned their attentin—and their stmachs—back t the native birds, killing up t 60，000 each year.[6] In the 1980seq \s\up6(eq \(○,\s\up2(33))), traps and dgs were used t catch the cats.The last Macquarie Island cat was caught in 2000.
[5]it作形式宾语；真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语。
[6]killing up t 60，000是现在分词短语作结果状语。
But as the saying ges, “While the cat's away, the mice will play.” With the departureeq \s\up6(eq \(○,\s\up2(34))) f the cats frm the island, the muse and rat ppulatin started t increase.And remember thse 10，000 r seq \s\up6(eq \(○,\s\up2(35))) rabbits? It turned uteq \s\up6(eq \(○,\s\up2(36))) that they develped an immunityeq \s\up6(eq \(○,\s\up2(37))) t the virus, and their numbers expldedeq \s\up6(eq \(○,\s\up2(38))) nce again.Then, in 2006, the rabbits' digging caused sme land t cllapseeq \s\up6(eq \(○,\s\up2(39))), and killed a substantialeq \s\up6(eq \(○,\s\up2(40))) number f penguins.This incident made it clear that the rat, muse and rabbit prblem needed slving nce and fr all.
S, I am here n Macquarie Island t participate ineq \s\up6(eq \(○,\s\up2(41))) the prgramme t tackle this very prblem.The first step invlved pisn being drpped frm helicpterseq \s\up6(eq \(○,\s\up2(42))).The next step is t remve the last remaining invading species, and that's where I cme in—with my dgs.They have been trained t find every last ne, withut harming the native animals.This interventineq \s\up6(eq \(○,\s\up2(43))) is a lng, much­delayed ending t a sad stry, but we humans we it t the island t give it a happy ending.
译文参考
麦夸里岛：从大混乱到受保护
我站在麦夸里岛上，该岛在西南太平洋，位于澳大利亚和南极洲的中间。强风和波涛汹涌的大海帮助塑造了它细长的外形。青草和光秃秃的岩石形成了鲜明的对比，使它具有一种野性和自然的美。没有游客会对该岛是联合国教科文组织评定的世界自然遗产感到惊讶的。他们也会去想象岛上的栖息动物，包括皇家企鹅、王企鹅和象海豹，是如何与自然栖息地和谐共存数千年的。
但岛上最近的历史却讲述了一个不同的故事。这是一个悲惨的故事，始于1810年人类来到岛上。他们无意中把老鼠带上了船。这些小动物很快占领了这个岛，吃鸟蛋并袭击小鸟。猫被带到岛上以控制老鼠。不幸的是，猫后来也对鸟产生了食欲。
同时，兔子作为人的食物来源被引进岛上。在岛上自由自在，它们尽其所能——迅速繁殖，开始吃当地的植被并挖洞，造成水土流失。激增的兔子为猫提供了大量的食物，这意味着猫的数量也在增加。这反过来又导致更多的猫捕鸟。最终的结果是，曾经数量众多、原产于该岛的长尾鹦鹉于1891年灭绝。
即使麦夸里岛在20世纪70年代成为正式的自然保护区后，兔子的数量仍然无法控制。专家们认为有必要想出一个计划，除掉岛上的所有兔子。考虑到这个目标，一种病毒被释放到岛上。尽管病毒导致兔子数量从13万只减少到1万只左右，但也意味着猫的食物减少了。结果，这些猫把注意力又转移到了当地的鸟类身上，它们又吃起鸟来——每年捕杀的鸟多达6万只。上世纪80年代，人们用陷阱和狗来捕猫。最后一只麦夸里岛猫是在2000年被捉住的。
但俗话说，“猫儿不在，老鼠作怪。”随着猫离开小岛，老鼠的数量开始增加。还记得那1万只左右的兔子吗？结果他们对病毒产生了免疫力，他们的数量再次激增。然后，在2006年，兔子的挖掘导致一些土地塌陷，大量企鹅死亡。这一事件表明，鼠兔问题需要一劳永逸地解决。
所以，我在麦夸里岛这里参与处理这个问题的方案。第一步是从直升机上投下了毒药。下一步是要清除最后一个入侵物种，这就是我的切入点——带着我的狗。它们被训练在不伤害当地动物的情况下找到最后一个。这种干预是漫长的，延迟的一个悲伤故事的结局。但我们人类有义务给这个岛一个圆满的结局。