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高中英语外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Revealing nature精练
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这是一份高中英语外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Revealing nature精练，共7页。
2．The twn fell int a decline after the mine clsed.
3．Persnal characteristics(特征)，such as age and sex are taken int accunt.
4．The case has generated(产生) enrmus publicity in Brazil.
5．Studies suggest that life riginated nly nce，frm a single ancestr.
6．He suspected that the wman staying in the flat abve was using herin.
7．The interviews were given t a randm sample(样本) f students.
8．The time we spent tgether is nw a distant memry.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
When a leafy plant is under attack，it desn't sit quietly.Back in 1983，tw scientists，Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin，reprted that yung maple trees getting bitten by insects send ut a particular smell that neighbring plants can get.These chemicals cme frm the injured parts f the plant and seem t be an alarm.What the plants pump thrugh the air is a mixture f chemicals knwn as vlatile rganic cmpunds，VOCs fr shrt.
Scientists have fund that all kinds f plants give ut VOCs when being attacked.It's a plant's way f crying ut.But is anyne listening？Apparently.Because we can watch the neighburs react.
Sme plants pump ut smelly chemicals t keep insects away.But thers d duble duty.They pump ut perfumes designed t attract different insects wh are natural enemies t the attackers.Once they arrive，the tables are turned.The attacker wh was lunching nw becmes lunch.
In study after study，it appears that these chemical cnversatins help the neighbrs.The damage is usually mre serius n the first plant，but the neighbrs，relatively speaking，stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what t d.
Des this mean that plants talk t each ther? Scientists dn't knw.Maybe the first plant just made a cry f pain r was sending a message t its wn branches，and s，in effect，was talking t itself.Perhaps the neighbrs just happened t “verhear” the cry.S infrmatin was exchanged，but it wasn't a true，intentinal back and frth.
Charles Darwin，ver 150 years ag，imagined a wrld far busier，nisier and mre intimate(亲密的) than the wrld we can see and hear.Our senses are weak.There's a whle lt ging n.
【语篇解读】 当植物受到攻击时它们怎么反应？怎么交流？
1．What des a plant d when it is under attack?
A．It makes nises.
B．It gets help frm ther plants.
C．It stands quietly.
D．It sends ut certain chemicals.
D [根据第一段“Ian Baldwin，reprted that yung maple trees getting bitten by insects send ut a particular smell that neighbring plants can get.These chemicals cme frm the injured parts f the plant and seem t be an alarm”可知，当植物受到伤害时，会分泌出一种化学物质，故D项正确。]
2．What des the authr mean by “the tables are turned” in Paragraph 3?
A．The attackers get attacked.
B．The insects gather under the table.
C．The plants get ready t fight back.
D．The perfumes attract natural enemies.
A [词义猜测题。根据第三段“Once they arrive，the tables are turned.The attacker wh was lunching nw becmes lunch.”可知，一旦它们到达这里，攻击者就成为植物的午餐，故A项正确。]
3．Scientists find frm their studies that plants can .
A．predict natural disasters
B．prtect themselves against insects
C．talk t ne anther intentinally
D．help their neighbrs when necessary
B [细节理解题。根据第二段“Scientists have fund that all kinds f plants give ut VOCs when being attacked.”可知，植物分泌出VOCs，是为了保护自己，故B项正确。]
4．What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A．The wrd is changing faster than ever.
B．Peple have strnger senses than befre.
C．The wrld is mre cmplex than it seems.
D．Peple in Darwin's time were imaginative.
C [推理判断题。根据最后一段“imagined a wrld far busier，nisier and mre intimate(亲密的) than the wrld we can see and hear”可知，这个世界比我们看到或者听到的更热闹更亲密，因此世界也比我们想象的更复杂，故C项正确。]
B
British peple wrk sme f the lngest hurs in Eurpe，but are amng the least prductive.Nw sme cmpanies are shrtening the wrking week t increase efficiency，health and happiness.
Rich Leigh has intrduced a furday week at his PR cmpany.In fact，his entire cmpany has Friday ff，because his firm has adpted a furday week.It is ne f a handful f UK businesses that nw perate like this: staff still get paid their previus fiveday salary，but they wrk a day less.The cmpany fund that they achieved just as much—and there were even sighs f grwth.“The key t the scheme's success，” Leigh says，“is hw happy ur emplyees nw are.”
The average British wrker takes nly a 34 minute lunch break and wrks 10 hurs vertime each week (mre ften than nt this is unpaid)．Yet UK prductivity falls seriusly behind their Eurpean neighbrs，wh tend t wrk fewer hurs.
British wrking practices have caused lss and damage t the natin's health and happiness.Mre than half a millin wrkers in the UK were signed ff with wrkrelated stress r anxiety last year.Mrever，the wrk landscape itself is changing.Autmatin and AI will have a significant impact n the labr market，where unsteady wrk becmes mre cmmn.
Britain is the nly EU member that allws wrkers t ignre the EU wrking time limit and wrk lnger hurs.Fr campaigners，nw is the time fr a change.O'Grady，an advcate，argues that where businesses have increased their prfits as a result f autmatin，success shuld be shared with wrkers in the frm f reduced hurs.“It's time t share the benefits frm new technlgy，nt allwing thse at the tp t grab them fr themselves.” she says.
【语篇解读】 文章主要介绍了一些英国公司的四天工作制度。
5．We can learn frm the passage that .
A．British peple are the least prductive in the wrld
B．Mst cmpanies in Britain have cnducted a furday week
C．PR cmpany has witnessed a rise in emplyees' happiness
D．British peple wrk lnger and get mre payment than ther cuntries
C [推理判断题。答案定位在第二段“The cmpany fund that they achieved just as much—and there were even sighs f grwth.‘The key t the scheme's success，’Leigh says，‘is hw happy ur emplyees nw are.’”( 该公司发现他们也取得了同样的成绩——甚至还有增长的迹象。“该计划成功的关键，” Leigh说，“是我们的员工现在有多快乐。”)由此推断出PR公司见证了员工幸福感的提升，故选C。]
6．Which is the prper descriptin f British wrking practices?
A．The wrking time f British wrkers is within the EU limit.
B．In terms f prductivity，Britain is beaten by the United States.
C．Prfits gained frm new technlgy are n the decrease.
D．Autmatin and AI are likely t cause an instable wrk market.
D [细节理解题。答案定位在第四段“Autmatin and AI will have a significant impact n the labr market，where unsteady wrk becmes mre cmmn.”(自动化和人工智能将对劳动力市场产生重大影响，不稳定的工作变得更加普遍。)由此可知，对英国工作实践的恰当描述是自动化和人工智能很可能导致不稳定的工作市场，故选D。]
7．Which can be inferred frm O'Grady's wrds in the last paragraph?
A．It's time fr emplyers t share the increased prfits created by autmatin.
B．Wrkers shuld benefit frm autmatin in the frm f less wrking hurs.
C．New technlgy shuld belng t bth businesses and wrkers.
D．Businesses can't make mre prfits withut new technlgy.
B [推理判断题。答案定位在最后一段“O'Grady，an advcate，argues that where businesses have increased their prfits as a result f autmatin，success shuld be shared with wrkers in the frm f reduced hurs.”(拥护者O'Grady认为，在自动化提高了企业利润的地方，成功应该以减少工时的形式与工人分享。)由此推断出O'Grady的话的意思是工人应该从减少工作时间的自动化中获益，故选B。]
8．What is the authr's purpse f writing the passage?
A．T intrduce sme British firms' switch t a furday wrking week.
B．T explain the reasns why British wrkers suffer stress and anxiety.
C．T appeal fr mre reasnable wrking cnditins.
D．T present the current prductivity prblem in Britain.
A [写作意图题。第二段“Rich Leigh has intrduced a furday week at his PR cmpany.”是全文的主题句，结合全文内容可知这篇文章主要介绍了一些英国公司的四天工作制度，故选A。]
Ⅲ.阅读七选五
Different weather makes peple feel different.It influences (影响) health，intelligence (智力) and feelings.
In August，it is very ht and wet in the suthern part f the United States. 1 .In the Nrtheast and the Middle West，it is very ht at sme times and very cld at ther times.Peple in these states have mre heart truble after the weather changes in February r March.
The weather can als influence intelligence.Fr example，in a 1983 reprt by scientists，IQ (智商) f a grup students was very high when a very strng wind came，but after the strng wind，their IQ was 10% lwer. 2 .Very ht weather，n the ther hand (另一方面)，can make it lwer.Students in many schls f the United States ften get wrse n exams in the ht mnths f the year (July and August)．
Weather als has a strng influence n peple's feelings.Winter may be a bad time fr thin peple.They usually feel cld during these mnths.They might feel unhappy during cld weather. 3 .They even dn't like t d utdr activities.
Lw air pressure (气压) may make peple frgetful. 4 .There is a “gd weather” fr wrk and health.Peple feel best at a temperature f abut 18 centigrade (摄氏度)．
Are yu feeling sad，tired，frgetful，r unhappy tday? 5 .
A．It may be the weather's prblem
B．Warm weather can have a bad effect n health
C．The wind can help peple have higher intelligence
D．But fat peple may have a hard time in ht weather
E．Peple may have higher intelligence when lw air pressure cmes
F．Peple leave mre bags n buses and in shps n lw pressure days
G．Peple there have heart truble and ther kinds f health prblems during this mnth
【语篇解读】 本文讲述了天气对人们各个方面的影响。
1．G [推理判断题。根据第二段的最后一句话“In the Nrtheast and the Middle West，it is very ht at sme times and very cld at ther times.Peple in these states have mre heart truble after the weather changes in February r March.”(在东北部和中西部，有时非常热，有时非常冷。在这些州的人们在二月或者三月的变天后更多地患有心脏病。)可知，人们在很热或者很冷的情况下容易诱发心脏病，所以，在八月，美国的南部地区炎热且潮湿的时候，人们很容易得心脏病和其他疾病，故选G。]
2．C [推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“Fr example，in a 1983 reprt by scientists，IQ(智商) f a grup f students was very high when a very strng wind came，but after the strng wind，their IQ was 10% lwer.”(例如，根据1983年的一个科学报告，当强风到来的时候，一组学生的智商在此时是非常高的，但是在强风走后，他们的智商下降了10%)，所以得出的结论就是：强风可以帮助人们使他们的智商变高。故选C。]
3．D [推理判断题。由第四段开头“Weather als has a strng influence n peple's feelings.”可知，天气可以影响人们的感觉。然后讲了冬天对于瘦人来说可能是一个很坏的时刻，因为他们因为瘦而感到寒冷；说完瘦人就开始说胖人来作为一个对比：胖人在夏天也不好过。故选D。]
4．F [推理判断题。根据第五段开头“Lw air pressure(气压) may make peple frgetful.”(低气压可能使人们健忘)可知，接下来作者可能会讲人们在低气压下健忘的表现，故选F。]
5．A [推理判断题。最后一段是对全文的一个总结：如果你感到悲伤、难过、健忘和不开心，那就是天气在作怪。故填A。]
2．The twn fell int a decline after the mine clsed.
3．Persnal characteristics(特征)，such as age and sex are taken int accunt.
4．The case has generated(产生) enrmus publicity in Brazil.
5．Studies suggest that life riginated nly nce，frm a single ancestr.
6．He suspected that the wman staying in the flat abve was using herin.
7．The interviews were given t a randm sample(样本) f students.
8．The time we spent tgether is nw a distant memry.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
When a leafy plant is under attack，it desn't sit quietly.Back in 1983，tw scientists，Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin，reprted that yung maple trees getting bitten by insects send ut a particular smell that neighbring plants can get.These chemicals cme frm the injured parts f the plant and seem t be an alarm.What the plants pump thrugh the air is a mixture f chemicals knwn as vlatile rganic cmpunds，VOCs fr shrt.
Scientists have fund that all kinds f plants give ut VOCs when being attacked.It's a plant's way f crying ut.But is anyne listening？Apparently.Because we can watch the neighburs react.
Sme plants pump ut smelly chemicals t keep insects away.But thers d duble duty.They pump ut perfumes designed t attract different insects wh are natural enemies t the attackers.Once they arrive，the tables are turned.The attacker wh was lunching nw becmes lunch.
In study after study，it appears that these chemical cnversatins help the neighbrs.The damage is usually mre serius n the first plant，but the neighbrs，relatively speaking，stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what t d.
Des this mean that plants talk t each ther? Scientists dn't knw.Maybe the first plant just made a cry f pain r was sending a message t its wn branches，and s，in effect，was talking t itself.Perhaps the neighbrs just happened t “verhear” the cry.S infrmatin was exchanged，but it wasn't a true，intentinal back and frth.
Charles Darwin，ver 150 years ag，imagined a wrld far busier，nisier and mre intimate(亲密的) than the wrld we can see and hear.Our senses are weak.There's a whle lt ging n.
【语篇解读】 当植物受到攻击时它们怎么反应？怎么交流？
1．What des a plant d when it is under attack?
A．It makes nises.
B．It gets help frm ther plants.
C．It stands quietly.
D．It sends ut certain chemicals.
D [根据第一段“Ian Baldwin，reprted that yung maple trees getting bitten by insects send ut a particular smell that neighbring plants can get.These chemicals cme frm the injured parts f the plant and seem t be an alarm”可知，当植物受到伤害时，会分泌出一种化学物质，故D项正确。]
2．What des the authr mean by “the tables are turned” in Paragraph 3?
A．The attackers get attacked.
B．The insects gather under the table.
C．The plants get ready t fight back.
D．The perfumes attract natural enemies.
A [词义猜测题。根据第三段“Once they arrive，the tables are turned.The attacker wh was lunching nw becmes lunch.”可知，一旦它们到达这里，攻击者就成为植物的午餐，故A项正确。]
3．Scientists find frm their studies that plants can .
A．predict natural disasters
B．prtect themselves against insects
C．talk t ne anther intentinally
D．help their neighbrs when necessary
B [细节理解题。根据第二段“Scientists have fund that all kinds f plants give ut VOCs when being attacked.”可知，植物分泌出VOCs，是为了保护自己，故B项正确。]
4．What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A．The wrd is changing faster than ever.
B．Peple have strnger senses than befre.
C．The wrld is mre cmplex than it seems.
D．Peple in Darwin's time were imaginative.
C [推理判断题。根据最后一段“imagined a wrld far busier，nisier and mre intimate(亲密的) than the wrld we can see and hear”可知，这个世界比我们看到或者听到的更热闹更亲密，因此世界也比我们想象的更复杂，故C项正确。]
B
British peple wrk sme f the lngest hurs in Eurpe，but are amng the least prductive.Nw sme cmpanies are shrtening the wrking week t increase efficiency，health and happiness.
Rich Leigh has intrduced a furday week at his PR cmpany.In fact，his entire cmpany has Friday ff，because his firm has adpted a furday week.It is ne f a handful f UK businesses that nw perate like this: staff still get paid their previus fiveday salary，but they wrk a day less.The cmpany fund that they achieved just as much—and there were even sighs f grwth.“The key t the scheme's success，” Leigh says，“is hw happy ur emplyees nw are.”
The average British wrker takes nly a 34 minute lunch break and wrks 10 hurs vertime each week (mre ften than nt this is unpaid)．Yet UK prductivity falls seriusly behind their Eurpean neighbrs，wh tend t wrk fewer hurs.
British wrking practices have caused lss and damage t the natin's health and happiness.Mre than half a millin wrkers in the UK were signed ff with wrkrelated stress r anxiety last year.Mrever，the wrk landscape itself is changing.Autmatin and AI will have a significant impact n the labr market，where unsteady wrk becmes mre cmmn.
Britain is the nly EU member that allws wrkers t ignre the EU wrking time limit and wrk lnger hurs.Fr campaigners，nw is the time fr a change.O'Grady，an advcate，argues that where businesses have increased their prfits as a result f autmatin，success shuld be shared with wrkers in the frm f reduced hurs.“It's time t share the benefits frm new technlgy，nt allwing thse at the tp t grab them fr themselves.” she says.
【语篇解读】 文章主要介绍了一些英国公司的四天工作制度。
5．We can learn frm the passage that .
A．British peple are the least prductive in the wrld
B．Mst cmpanies in Britain have cnducted a furday week
C．PR cmpany has witnessed a rise in emplyees' happiness
D．British peple wrk lnger and get mre payment than ther cuntries
C [推理判断题。答案定位在第二段“The cmpany fund that they achieved just as much—and there were even sighs f grwth.‘The key t the scheme's success，’Leigh says，‘is hw happy ur emplyees nw are.’”( 该公司发现他们也取得了同样的成绩——甚至还有增长的迹象。“该计划成功的关键，” Leigh说，“是我们的员工现在有多快乐。”)由此推断出PR公司见证了员工幸福感的提升，故选C。]
6．Which is the prper descriptin f British wrking practices?
A．The wrking time f British wrkers is within the EU limit.
B．In terms f prductivity，Britain is beaten by the United States.
C．Prfits gained frm new technlgy are n the decrease.
D．Autmatin and AI are likely t cause an instable wrk market.
D [细节理解题。答案定位在第四段“Autmatin and AI will have a significant impact n the labr market，where unsteady wrk becmes mre cmmn.”(自动化和人工智能将对劳动力市场产生重大影响，不稳定的工作变得更加普遍。)由此可知，对英国工作实践的恰当描述是自动化和人工智能很可能导致不稳定的工作市场，故选D。]
7．Which can be inferred frm O'Grady's wrds in the last paragraph?
A．It's time fr emplyers t share the increased prfits created by autmatin.
B．Wrkers shuld benefit frm autmatin in the frm f less wrking hurs.
C．New technlgy shuld belng t bth businesses and wrkers.
D．Businesses can't make mre prfits withut new technlgy.
B [推理判断题。答案定位在最后一段“O'Grady，an advcate，argues that where businesses have increased their prfits as a result f autmatin，success shuld be shared with wrkers in the frm f reduced hurs.”(拥护者O'Grady认为，在自动化提高了企业利润的地方，成功应该以减少工时的形式与工人分享。)由此推断出O'Grady的话的意思是工人应该从减少工作时间的自动化中获益，故选B。]
8．What is the authr's purpse f writing the passage?
A．T intrduce sme British firms' switch t a furday wrking week.
B．T explain the reasns why British wrkers suffer stress and anxiety.
C．T appeal fr mre reasnable wrking cnditins.
D．T present the current prductivity prblem in Britain.
A [写作意图题。第二段“Rich Leigh has intrduced a furday week at his PR cmpany.”是全文的主题句，结合全文内容可知这篇文章主要介绍了一些英国公司的四天工作制度，故选A。]
Ⅲ.阅读七选五
Different weather makes peple feel different.It influences (影响) health，intelligence (智力) and feelings.
In August，it is very ht and wet in the suthern part f the United States. 1 .In the Nrtheast and the Middle West，it is very ht at sme times and very cld at ther times.Peple in these states have mre heart truble after the weather changes in February r March.
The weather can als influence intelligence.Fr example，in a 1983 reprt by scientists，IQ (智商) f a grup students was very high when a very strng wind came，but after the strng wind，their IQ was 10% lwer. 2 .Very ht weather，n the ther hand (另一方面)，can make it lwer.Students in many schls f the United States ften get wrse n exams in the ht mnths f the year (July and August)．
Weather als has a strng influence n peple's feelings.Winter may be a bad time fr thin peple.They usually feel cld during these mnths.They might feel unhappy during cld weather. 3 .They even dn't like t d utdr activities.
Lw air pressure (气压) may make peple frgetful. 4 .There is a “gd weather” fr wrk and health.Peple feel best at a temperature f abut 18 centigrade (摄氏度)．
Are yu feeling sad，tired，frgetful，r unhappy tday? 5 .
A．It may be the weather's prblem
B．Warm weather can have a bad effect n health
C．The wind can help peple have higher intelligence
D．But fat peple may have a hard time in ht weather
E．Peple may have higher intelligence when lw air pressure cmes
F．Peple leave mre bags n buses and in shps n lw pressure days
G．Peple there have heart truble and ther kinds f health prblems during this mnth
【语篇解读】 本文讲述了天气对人们各个方面的影响。
1．G [推理判断题。根据第二段的最后一句话“In the Nrtheast and the Middle West，it is very ht at sme times and very cld at ther times.Peple in these states have mre heart truble after the weather changes in February r March.”(在东北部和中西部，有时非常热，有时非常冷。在这些州的人们在二月或者三月的变天后更多地患有心脏病。)可知，人们在很热或者很冷的情况下容易诱发心脏病，所以，在八月，美国的南部地区炎热且潮湿的时候，人们很容易得心脏病和其他疾病，故选G。]
2．C [推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“Fr example，in a 1983 reprt by scientists，IQ(智商) f a grup f students was very high when a very strng wind came，but after the strng wind，their IQ was 10% lwer.”(例如，根据1983年的一个科学报告，当强风到来的时候，一组学生的智商在此时是非常高的，但是在强风走后，他们的智商下降了10%)，所以得出的结论就是：强风可以帮助人们使他们的智商变高。故选C。]
3．D [推理判断题。由第四段开头“Weather als has a strng influence n peple's feelings.”可知，天气可以影响人们的感觉。然后讲了冬天对于瘦人来说可能是一个很坏的时刻，因为他们因为瘦而感到寒冷；说完瘦人就开始说胖人来作为一个对比：胖人在夏天也不好过。故选D。]
4．F [推理判断题。根据第五段开头“Lw air pressure(气压) may make peple frgetful.”(低气压可能使人们健忘)可知，接下来作者可能会讲人们在低气压下健忘的表现，故选F。]
5．A [推理判断题。最后一段是对全文的一个总结：如果你感到悲伤、难过、健忘和不开心，那就是天气在作怪。故填A。]
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