03-【快乐背单词】2021年暑假初升高衔接词根法速记高中必背单词

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1. benefit [ˈbenɪfɪt]
n.优势; 益处; 成效; 福利费(政府对失业者、病人等提供的补助金); (公司提供的)褔利，奖金; (保险公司支付的)给付，保险金;
v.对(某人)有用; 使受益; 得益于; 得利于;
[例句]Yu must weigh the benefits against the cst.
你一定要权衡利益与成本二者的得失。
[其他]第三人称单数：benefits 复数：benefits 现在分词：benefitting 过去式：benefitted 过去分词：benefited
词根bene, 好。fit, 做，同fact,字母c脱落。原指做好处，善举，后也指个人利益，即善有善报。
beneficial [ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl] adj.有利的; 有裨益的; 有用的;
拆分：bene（好）+fic（做）+ial（形容词后缀）
记忆要点：ial形容词后缀
beneficiary [ˌbenɪˈfɪʃəri] n.受益者; 受惠人; 遗产继承人;
拆分：bene（好）+fici（做）+ary（名词后缀）
记忆要点：ary名词后缀
英译英：A persn r rganizatin that benefits r is expected t benefit frm smething, especially ne that receives mney r prperty when smene dies.
benefactr [ˈbenɪfæktə(r)] n.施主; 捐款人; 赞助人;
拆分：bene（好）+factr（做…的人）
记忆要点：factr（做…的人）
英译英：Smene wh helps anther persn r grup, especially by giving mney.
benefactin [ˌbenɪˈfækʃn] n.捐赠; 捐款;
拆分：bene（好）+fact（做）+in（名词后缀）
记忆要点：in（名词后缀）
benevlent [bɪ'nev(ə)l(ə)nt]adj. 仁慈的；慈善的；亲切的
拆分： bene,（好）+vl（同will意愿）+ent形容词后缀
记忆要点：vl同will 意愿
benevlence [bɪ'nev(ə)l(ə)ns; bɪ'nevəl(ə)ns; bɪ'nevələns]n. 仁慈；善行
拆分： bene,（好）+vl（同will意愿）+ence名词后缀
记忆要点：同Kindness, genersity.
2.bnbn [ˈbɒnbɒn]
n.(尤指软夹心的)糖果;
拆分：bn（好）+bn（ha）
bnus[ˈbəʊnəs] n红利,奖金
词源故事：1733年，英国第一家证券交易所在一家名叫乔纳森的咖啡馆成立。1802年获得英国政府的正式批准。这家证券交易所即为现在伦敦证券交易所的前身。早期人们对股票还不熟悉，为了劝说人们购买股票，证券交易商会大力向人们解释购买股票的各种收益。其中最基本的一项收益是“股息”（ dividend ），即股票持有人可以按照预定的比率，根据所购买的股份从所投资的公司的盈利中获得收益，就像从银行存款中获得固定比率的利息一样。另外，与银行存款不一样，在派发股息之后，如果公司还有盈余，股票持有人还有可能进一步瓜分盈余，获得更多收益。当时，英语中并没有一个对应单词用来表示这种股息之外的更多收益。于是证券交易商们借用了拉丁语中的 bnus 一词。该词的本意是“好处”（ gd ），英语中表示“好”的词根 bene 就与此同源。从此以后， bnus 一词就成为了对这种更多收益的称呼，中文一般翻译为“红利”。
bunty[ˈbaʊnti]n.慷慨之举; 大量给予之物; 奖金; 赏金;
拆分：bun（同bnus）+ty名词后缀
bn [buːn] n. 恩惠；赐福；福利；利益 adj. 快活的；爱交际的；令人愉悦的
拆分： bn （愉快的）=古法语 bn （愉快的）
bunteus [ˈbaʊntiəs] adj.十分慷慨的; 非常大方的;
拆分：bun（同bnus）+us形容词后缀（的）
buntiful [ˈbaʊntɪfl] adj.慷慨给予的；丰富的，充裕的丰富,大方的
拆分：bun（同bnus）+ful形容词后缀（富有…）
一、完型填空
Tin Ka-ping is a great industrialist and philanthrpist(慈善家) wh was brn in 1919 in Dabu Cunty, Guangdng. He 1 n July 10, 2018.
Tin was brn in a family that had a great 2 fr Cnfucian values(儒家价值观) which have cntinued t guide him thrughut his life. His father died when he was nly 16 and he had t stp his studies t take charge f his father's business and 3 his family.
In 1935, he headed t Vietnam and 4 a prcelain clay business. Escaping frm Japanese ccupatin(占领), he started his business in rubber industry in Indnesia in 1939. T prvide his children 5 educatin in a traditinal Chinese envirnment, in 1958 Tin 6 t give up his highly successful businesses and mve t Hng Kng with his family. This was a brave decisin 7 Hng Kng was far frm being a develped place at that time. During his business career, he has faced many prblems and slved them all 8 .
The Tin Ka Ping Fundatin, funded in 1982, tries t supprt the 9 and ther fields. Over 20 Hng Kng schls,80 universities in China, mre than 170 secndary and vcatin(职业) schl,48 primary schls and kindergartens, 1450 rural libraries and cuntless ther educatin facilities in China have been beneficiaries f his philanthrpy.
Hng Kng Chief Executive Carrie Lam Cheng Yuet-ngr expressed her 10 srrw at Tin's death. She als praised his cntributin t the prmtin f educatin, culture, medical and scial welfare in Hng Kng and the mainland.
1．A．passed awayB．gave awayC．ran away
2．A．replyB．resultC．respect
3．A．saveB．leaveC．supprt
4．A．gtB．fundC．started
5．A．withB．tC．fr
6．A．refusedB．allwedC．decided
7．A．untilB．becauseC．althugh
8．A．similarlyB．exactlyC．successfully
9．A．histryB．industryC．educatin
10．A．smallB．deepC．large
二、阅读单选
A
A study led by the Barcelna Institute fr Glbal Health shws fr the first time that expsure（接触）t green space during childhd may have beneficial（有益的）effects n brain develpment.
The study was perfrmed amng 253 schlchildren frm the BREATHE prject in Barcelna (Spain). Lifelng expsure t green space in the living places was recrded—using the satellite—based infrmatin n the children's addresses frm birth up thrugh t the time f the study. Brain structure was studied using 3D MRI（核磁共振图像）. Wrking memry and inattentiveness were graded with cmputers.
The primary schlchildren wh have been raised in hmes surrunded by mre greenspace tend t present with larger vlumes f white and grey matter in certain areas f the brain. These differences are cnnected with beneficial effects n cgnitive functin（认知功能）. Mrever, larger vlumes f white and grey matter might lead t better wrking memry and less inattentiveness.
"This is the first study that shws the cnnectin between lng—term expsure t green space and brain structure." Says, the leading researcher f the study, "Our findings suggest that expsure t green space early in life culd result in beneficial structural changes in the brain. It als shws the lasting effects f early life expsure t greenness n ur health."
This study als suggests that it is beneficial t increase greenness in cities. Green space can prvide children with chances fr psychlgical restratin（心理康复）and prmpt imprtant exercises in discvery, creativity and risk taking. These exercises in turn psitively（肯定地）influence different aspects f brain develpment. What's mre, greener areas ften have lwer levels f air pllutin, which culd bring indirect benefits fr brain develpment.
Anyway, further studies are needed t prve the findings in ther ppulatins, settings and climates. And researchers need t examine differences accrding t the nature and quality f green space.
11．The secnd paragraph is mainly abut ________.
A．hw the study was carried utB．what was recrded in the study
C．hw lng the study lastedD．wh tk part in the study
12．The wrd "prmpt" in Paragraph 5 prbably means " ________".
A．cntrlB．encurageC．balanceD．change
13．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．Wrking memry influences white and grey matter in the brain.
B．Dr. Dadvand stressed the imprtance f changing the envirnment.
C．This study prved the influence f greenness n ppulatins utside f Spain.
D．Larger vlumes f white and grey matter might lead t better wrking memry.
14．What is the best title f the passage?
A．The greener space children grw up in, the lnger they live.
B．Grwing up in the green area may d gd t brain develpment.
C．Early life expsure t greenness may have lasting effects n health.
D．Mre utdr green space leads t a greater increase in inattentiveness.
B
Taking nline classes is becming mre and mre ppular, but students have different pinins abut it.
Wang Qi, 14: I lve taking nline curses. They give me a lt mre chices and freedm. We can chse t learn whatever we want. Als, nline classes enable us t study whenever and wherever we want, which is very cnvenient.
Wu Jun, 13: I dn’t think taking nline classes is a gd way t study. There are many temptatins (诱惑) n the internet. Students can be distracted (使分心) frm their curses easily. The whle learning prcess is nt as rganized as it is in the classrm.
Zhu Siya, 13: Online classrms are beneficial. We might feel mre fcused n learning when we are alne in frnt f a cmputer with n ne t distract us. In additin, taking curses nline als means we can have mre time t use a cmputer, which is a gd way t practice ur cmputer skills.
Li Chunjie, 14: I think the idea f taking nline curses is crazy. It can increase ur expsure (接触) t cmputers and the radiatin (辐射) frm them culd d harm t the human bdy, especially ur eyes. Als, sitting in frnt f a cmputer fr a lng time withut exercising can be harmful t ur health.
15．Hw many students supprt nline learning?
A．OneB．TwC．ThreeD．Fur
16．Wang Qi thinks that taking nline curses is cnvenient because _____.
A．there are many curses t chse frmB．it helps imprve students’ cmputer skills
C．students can feel mre fcusedD．nline curses are free t take
17．Accrding t Li Chunjie, taking nline curses _____.
A．can be beneficial in many waysB．causes a lt f distractins
C．will make students g crazyD．is harmful t students’ health
18．What’s the Chinese meaning f the underlined wrd beneficial in the passage?
A．有害的B．糟糕的C．有益的D．无用的
19．What are these students discussing?
A．Suggestins fr taking nline curses.
B．Different pinins n taking nline curses.
C．Suggestins fr becming rganized learners.
D．Different ways f studying n the internet.
三、阅读还原6选5
Why Recess (课间休息) is S Imprtant fr Children?
Recess used t be a daily thing—if yu drve past yur lcal schl after lunch, yu’d see hundreds f children running, playing and just being children. 20．. Recent researches have fund that recess is imprtant fr mre than just keeping children healthy and fighting children fatness—it als helps imprve cgnitive (认知) skills. 21．.
Scial Benefit (利益)
Children start learning scial skills as sn as they start cmmunicating with their parents. Once they reach the schl age, their cmmunicatins turn int with ther children. 22．. These skills will carry them thrugh childhd and int their adult lives.
23．
Besides the scial benefits, recess als has sme cgnitive benefits that are just starting t be develped. Science has shwn that recess helps children t get infrmatin better, learn new things faster and imprve creativity. Recesses frm the schl day are gd fr bth the bdy and mind, and they help keep children mre active in their studies and get the infrmatin they’re taught in class.
Physical Benefits
24．. At present, abut 18.5 percent f children in the United States are cnsidered fat. Much f this prblem can be caused withut recess. Kids might spend their time n cmputer games at least 30 minutes a day, recess can help them run, jump, play and just be kids. Nw it’s summer time, get them t spend sme time in the swimming pl t get their weekly exercise.
A．Cgnitive Benefits
B．Behaviral Benefits
C．Here are 3 ways that recess benefits children
D．But nw the push tward gd test grades has changed that
E.Childhd fatness is a grwing prblem in the wrld
F.Recess helps t build and imprve scial skills in a way that can never be taught in the classrm
阅读理解（6选5）
25． The answer fr mst peple wuld be yes. But where des ur rubbish g？It desn't just sit in the rubbish bin. Every day，wrkers cme t take the rubbish frm ur rubbish bins. They put it int a big truck and carry it t landfills（垃圾填埋场）. At the landfill，peple srt（分类）the rubbish. They recycle sme，burn sme and bury sme f it undergrund. 26． It means that less rubbish ends up in landfills. Landfills can als be bad fr the envirnment.
S many Chinese cities encurage everyne t srt ut their rubbish befre thrwing it away. Put the fd in ne bag. Put the plastic bttles in anther. And thrw them in the right rubbish bins. In this way，we can help save a lt f time，mney and energy fr all f sciety. 27． s they have higher recycling rates（比率）. In Sweden，nly 4 percent f husehld waste ends up in landfills every year. In Japan，peple recycle nearly 50 percent f all rubbish. There is still a lt t d when it cmes t rubbish srting in China. Peple in the cuntry make abut 300 millin tns f rubbish every year. 28． The rest f it ends up in landfils. Mst f it is unsrted. The gd news is that many cities are trying different ways t make things better. Beijing will start a new prgram t imprve rubbish srting next year. If peple srt ut their rubbish，they'll get WeChat bnus pints. 29．
根据短文内容，从下列选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。
A．But they nly recycle less than a quarter f the waste.
B．Did yu thrw anything away tday？
C．Mst freign cuntries d nt have srting systems.
D．The mre rubbish gets recycled，the better.
E.Many freign cuntries have gd srting systems.
F.They can exchange the bnus pints fr shpping cards！
四、阅读填表
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
There are many benefits f reading bks. Unfrtunately, in this day and age, nt a lt f peple take the time t read them anymre. But that desn't change the fact that yu're missing ut n a lt f wnderful benefits! Read n t learn the varius benefits f reading bks!
It Feeds Yur Mind.
Obviusly, reading bks prvides yu with new knwledge. Whenever yu read smething, yu learn new infrmatin that yu therwise wuld nt have knwn.
It can be a fact abut histry r a thery yu did nt knw existed. If yu want t learn new wrds in particular, reading bks is a great way t enrich yur vcabulary.
It Keeps Yur Brain In Shape.
Reading als keeps yur mind in gd cnditin. Similar t slving puzzles,
reading bks allws yur mind t practice its prcessing skills.
Ging withut bks fr t lng will turn yur mind t mush (玉米面粥). I'm nt
kidding! Why d yu think they call televisin the bb tube?
It Develps Yur Critical Thinking Skills.
One f the primary benefits f reading bks is its ability t develp yur critical
thinking skills. Reading mystery nvels, fr example, sharpens (使敏锐)yur mind. Whenever yu are faced with a similar prblem in real life, yur mind is nw able t put its mystery-slving prwess t a test.
It Makes Yu Mre Articulate.
There's nthing quite like reading bks t help yu becme a better cnversatinalist. Seeing hw wrds are used (and hw sentences are structured) with yur wn eyes helps yu cmmit the infrmatin t memry better than by listening t a teacher discuss the pints in class.
It Is Easy T Get T.
One f the great benefits f reading bks is that the infrmatin in it can be read ver and ver again. When yu're fllwing a recipe, fr example, reading a ckbk allws yu the luxury（享受）f reviewing the prcesses and the ingredients whenever yu need t.
These are just sme f the wnderful benefits f reading bks. Why dn’t yu drp by the bkstre r library and pick a bk up? If yu can’t even g utside, yu can dwnlad free e-bks n line and read them n yur cmputer.
30．Are there many benefits f reading bks?
31．Hw many benefits des the writer mentin?
32．Why des reading bks feed ur mind?
33．What is the primary benefit f reading bks?
34．What is the purpse f this passage?
参考答案
1．A2．C3．C4．C5．A6．C7．B8．C9．C10．B
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述著名实业家和慈善家田家炳的生平经历。
1．句意：他于2018年7月10日去世。
passed away去世，逝世；gave away赠送，捐赠；ran away离开，逃离。根据上文“ brn in 1919...”可知，下文表示“去世”。故选A。
2．句意：他生于一个非常尊重儒家价值观的家庭。
reply回答，答复；result结果；respect尊重。根据“had a great…fr Cnfucian values”可知，他的家人都非常尊重儒家价值观，respect fr sb./sth.“尊重某人或某事”，故选C。
3．句意：他不得不停止学业接管父亲的生意并养家糊口。
save拯救；leave离开；supprt支持，养活，赡养。根据“he had t stp his studies t take charge f his father's business”，可知，他辍学接手父亲的生意是为了养家糊口，故选C。
4．句意：1935年，他前往越南，创办了瓷土事业。
gt获得；fund发现；started开始，创办。根据“a prcelain clay business”可知，这里表示“创办”。故选C。
5．句意：为了让他的孩子在传统的中国环境中接受教育。
with用，随着；t到；fr为了。prvide sb. with sth.给某人提供某物，固定搭配。故选A。
6．句意：他决定放弃他很成功的生意并和家人一起搬到香港。
refused拒绝；allwed允许；decided决定。根据“ This was a brave decisin...”可知，这里表示“他决定放弃他很成功的生意”。故选C。
7．句意：这是一个大胆的决定因为香港当时根本不是一个发达的地方。、
until直到；because因为；althugh虽然，尽管。“Hng Kng was far frm being a develped place at that time”表示原因，所以用连词“because”连接前后句。故选B。
8．句意：在他的商业生涯中，他面对了很多的难题并都成功地解决了。
similarly类似地，相似地；exactly准确地；successfully成功地。通读全文可知，田家炳是一个伟大的实业家和慈善家，那么，“在他的商业生涯中，他面对了很多的难题并都成功地解决了”。故选C。
9．句意：田家坪基金会成立于一九八二年，致力于赞助教育及其他领域。
histry 历史；industry工业；educatin教育。根据下文提及的众多学校均受益于田家炳的慈善事业可知，田家炳基金会致力于赞助教育及其他领域。故选C。
10．句意：香港首席执行官Carrie Lam Cheng Yuet-ngr表示，他对田家炳的去世深表悲痛。
small小的，deep（指情感）强烈的，深切的，衷心的；large巨大的。根据“srrw”可知， 这里表示“深切的悲痛之情”。故选B。
11．A12．B13．D14．B
【分析】本文是篇科普文章，主要讲述了绿色空间对大脑认知的影响。巴塞罗那全球健康研究所通过对在校学生的调查发现，在生活中多接触绿色空间，对学生的认知功能有积极影响，并且能增强工作记忆，减轻注意力不集中的问题。
11．主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句“The study was perfrmed amng 253 schlchildren frm the BREATHE prject in Barcelna (Spain).”并结合该段内容，可知该段主要介绍这项研究是如何进行的。故选A。
12．词义猜测题。根据“prmpt”所在句句意，可知prmpt的感情色彩应是正面积极的。cntrl控制；encurage鼓励，促进；balance平衡；change改变，其中只有encurage的感情色彩是正面的。故选B。
13．推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“larger vlumes f white and grey matter might lead t better wrking memry and less inattentiveness.”，可知大量的白质和灰质可能会导致更好的工作记忆和更少的注意力不集中。故选D。
14．最佳标题题。通读全文，可知文章主要讲述绿色空间对大脑的影响，同时提到绿色空间和大脑的只有B选项。故选B。
15．B16．A17．D18．C19．B
【分析】文章主要介绍的是一些学生对网课的不同看法。
15．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“I lve taking nline curses”和第四段中的“Online classrms are beneficial”可知，有两个学生支持网课学习，故选B。
16．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“They give me a lt mre chices and freedm. We can chse t learn whatever we want”可知，王琦认为网课是方便的，因为它们可以让给我有更多的选择和自由，故选A。
17．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“sitting in frnt f a cmputer fr a lng time withut exercising can be harmful t ur health”可知，李春杰认为上网课对学生们的健康有害，故选D。
18．词句猜测题。根据下文“We might feel mre fcused n learning when we are alne in frnt f a cmputer with n ne t distract us….which is a gd way t practice ur cmputer skills.( 当我们独自面对电脑，没有人分心的时候，我们可能会觉得更专注于学习。此外，在线学习课程也意味着我们可以有更多的时间使用电脑，这是一个很好的方法来练习我们的计算机技能。)”可知此句“Online classrms are beneficial”意思是：网课是有益的。故“beneficial”意思是“有益的”。故选C。
19．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Taking nline classes is becming increasingly ppular, but students have different pinins abut it”可知，学生们针对上网课的不同看法，故选B。
20．D21．C22．F23．A24．E
【分析】本文主要介绍了课间休息对保持儿童健康和对抗儿童肥胖的重要性，以及从三个方面阐述了它的好处。
20．根据“Recess used t be a daily thing”可知，前文说的课间休息曾经是每天都有的，此处应介绍现在课间休息又是如何的，D选项“但现在，对高分的追求改变了这一点”符合，故选D。
21．根据下文“Scial Benefit”“Physical Benefits”可知，此处应是一个承上启下的句子，接下来介绍了休息对孩子们有益的几个方面，C选项“下面是课间休息对孩子们有益的3个方面”符合，故选C。
22．根据“Scial Benefit”可知，此段介绍的内容是课间休息对社交的好处，F选项“课间休息有助于建立和提高社交技能，这在课堂上是永远学不到的”符合，故选F。
23．此空是本段的标题句。根据“Besides the scial benefits, recess als has sme cgnitive benefits that are just staring t be develped”可知，课间活动对认知带来好处，A选项“认知的好处”符合，故选A。
24．根据“At present, abut 18.5 percent f children in the United States are cnsidered fat”可知，此处应介绍与肥胖有关的内容，E选项“儿童肥胖是世界上一个日益严重的问题”符合，故选E。
25．B26．D27．E28．A29．F
【分析】本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述人们每天制造的垃圾的处理方法，如回收一些、烧一些、埋一些。许多国家有良好的分类系统，北京明年将提高垃圾分类，如果人们整理垃圾，会有微信积分，微信积分可以兑换购物卡。
25．根据The answer fr mst peple wuld be yes“大多数人的答案是肯定的”可知，是一般疑问句，且根据 But where des ur rubbish g“但是我们的垃圾去哪里了”可知，空处应填“今天你扔掉一些东西了吗？”，故选B。
26．根据They recycle sme，burn sme and bury sme f it undergrund“他们回收一些，烧一些、埋在地下一些”以及It means that less rubbish ends up in landfills“这就意味着更少的垃圾会在垃圾填埋场”可知，空处表示“垃圾被回收地越多越好”，故选D。
27．根据s they have higher recycling rates（比率）. In Sweden，nly 4 percent f husehld waste ends up in landfills every year. In Japan，peple recycle nearly 50 percent f all rubbish“所以他们有更高的回收比率。在瑞典，每年仅仅有4%的家庭垃圾最终进入了垃圾填埋场，在日本，人们回收所有垃圾中的50%”可知，空处表示“外国的许多国家已经有了好的分类系统”，故选E。
28．根据Peple in the cuntry make abut 300 millin tns f rubbish every year“在这个国家的人每年制造大约3亿吨垃圾”以及The rest f it ends up in landfills“余下的部分最终进入垃圾填埋场”可知，空处表示中国的现状，空处表示“但是他们仅仅回收不足四分之一的垃圾”，故选A。
29．根据If peple srt ut their rubbish，they'll get WeChat bnus pints“如果他们分类他们的垃圾，他们将会得到微信奖励积分”可知，空处表示“他们可以将积分换成购物卡”，故选F。
30．Yes.
31．Five.
32．Because it prvides yu with new knwledge.
33．It develps yur critical thinking skills.
34．T tell us the benefits f reading bks and encurage us t read mre.
【解析】
试题分析：本文介绍了的是读书的五点益处，作者建议大家多家阅读书籍。
30．细节理解题。根据There are many benefits f reading bks.可知这有很多读书的益处。故回答为Yes.
31．细节理解题。根据It Feeds Yur Mind. It Keeps Yur Brain In Shape. It Develps Yur Critical Thinking Skills. It Makes Yu Mre Articulate. It Is Easy T Get T.可知文章共提到了读书的五点益处。故回答为Five.
32．细节理解题。根据 Obviusly, reading bks prvides yu with new knwledge.可知读书提供给我们新的知识。故回答为Because it prvides yu with new knwledge.
33．细节理解题。根据One f the primary benefits f reading bks is its ability t develp yur critical
thinking skills.可知读书最基本的益处之一就是发展我们的思考技能。故回答为It develps yur critical thinking skills.
34．综合理解题。作者写这篇文章的目的就是为了告诉我们读书的益处，建议我们多加阅读。根据句意，故回答为T tell us the benefits f reading bks and encurage us t read mre.
考点：考查任务型阅读。