07-【快乐背单词】2021年暑假初升高衔接词根法速记高中必背单词

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在构词过程中t/d可以变成s，所以clud=clus，而元音字母之间可以互换，这样u可以变成au/，所以clud/clus=claus/cls。
1. cnclude[kənˈkluːd]
v.断定; 推断出; 得出结论; (使)结束，终止; 达成，订立，缔结(协定);
[例句]I cncluded that the lcal parent cmpany wuld nt budge.
我得出结论：当地母方公司方面难以作出让步。
[其他]第三人称单数：cncludes 现在分词：cncluding 过去式：cncluded 过去分词：cncluded
英译英：If yu cnclude that smething is true, yu decide that it is true using the facts yu knw as a basis.
词根cn: thrughly完全地。clude=shut 关闭完全关闭（使之了结），就是结束；决定
cnclusin [kənˈkluːʒn] n.结束，结局；结论
cnclusive [kənˈkluːsɪv] a. 最后的；确定性的
cnclusive decisin 最后的决定
cnclusive evidence 确凿证据
include[ɪnˈkluːd]v.包括; 包含; 使成为…的一部分;
拆分：in（内）+clude（shut封闭）关闭在内，就是包含，包括
记忆要点：in（内）
exclude[ɪkˈskluːd]v.不包括; 不放在考虑之列; 防止…进入; 阻止…参加; 把…排斥在外; 排除(…的可能性); 认为…不可能;
拆分：ex（ut外）+clude（shut封闭）关闭在外，就是排除在外，排斥；逐出
记忆要点：ex（ut外）
exclusive[ɪkˈskluːsɪv]
adj.(个人或集体)专用的，专有的，独有的，独占的; 排外的; 不愿接收新成员(尤指较低社会阶层)的; 高档的; 豪华的; 高级的;
n.独家新闻; 独家专文; 独家报道;
preclude [prɪˈkluːd] v.使行不通; 阻止; 妨碍; 排除;
拆分：pre（befrehand事先）+clude（shut关闭）事先关住（不让进入），就是预防，免除
记忆要点：pre（befrehand事先）
seclude[sɪˈkluːd] v.(使)与…隔离，与…隔绝; (使)隐居，独处;
拆分：se（apart分离）+clude（shut关闭）自我关闭，与他人隔离，就是隐居
记忆要点：se（apart分离）
seclusin[sɪˈkluːʒn] n.清静; 隐居; 与世隔绝;
recluse[rɪˈkluːs] n.隐居者; 喜欢独处的人;
拆分：re（back回、退）+cluse（shut关闭）闭门退居，就是隐居的；作名词时是隐士，隐者的意思
记忆要点：re（back回、退）
cclude[əˈkluːd] v.使闭塞; 堵塞;
拆分：c（t/加强）+clude（shut关闭）往关闭的方向去=使闭塞; 堵塞
记忆要点：c（t/加强）
cclusin[əˈkluːʒn] n.包藏；吸着；闭塞，闭合;
2. clse[kləʊz , kləʊs]
v.关; 关闭; 闭上; 合上; 合拢; (使)关门，关闭(一段时间); 不开放;
n.(一段时间或活动的)结束，终结，终了;
adj.(在空间、时间上)接近; 几乎(处于某种状态); 可能(快要做某事); 亲密的; 密切的;
adv.接近; 靠近; 紧挨着; 不远地;
n.一端不通的街道; 死胡同; 死巷道; 大教堂所属的周围场地及建筑物;
[例句]I made a pint f clsing all the windws befre leaving the huse.
我离家前必定要把所有的窗子都关好。
[其他]比较级：clser 最高级：clsest 第三人称单数：clses 现在分词：clsing 过去式：clsed 过去分词：clsed
英译英：When yu clse smething such as a dr r lid r when it clses, it mves s that a hle, gap, r pening is cvered.
clset [ˈklɒzɪt]
n.贮藏室; 壁橱;
adj.隐藏(身份等)的; 不公开(个人信息)的;
v.把…关在房间里(尤指为了私下会谈或避免他人打扰);
拆分：cls（shut关闭）+et 名词后缀
et是表示小的名词后缀，封闭的小空间，就是密室，小房间，壁橱的意思
记忆要点：et 名词后缀
WC是Water Clset的简称，国内指厕所。
很早以前，厕所Tilet里都有水箱water clset，人们一提到water clset就想到了tilet，因此water clset就成了tilet的代名词。后来为了方便，人们就用water clset的开头字母W.C.来代替tilet。
WC是一种很粗俗的表达方式，是英美等国一二百年前使用的，从21世纪起，多使用tilet、Bathrm、restrm(AmE)等较文雅的词。这个词传入中国多年后，许多中国人都知道WC是公共厕所的英文简称，但实际上此缩写在英文国家根本就不使用。取而代之的是Tilet 或者其他单词，所以真正讲英文的人到了中国却不知道此缩写代表什么意思。 在美国，绝对没有人使用这个缩写的。一般称为，Restrm 或者 Bathrm，有些地方也用 Washrm。在中国用 WC 来代表厕所，可以说是中式英语的一种变异。
disclse[dɪsˈkləʊz] v.揭露; 透露; 泄露; 使显露; 使暴露;
拆分：dis（不/und解开） +clse（shut封闭）不关闭，即公开，揭发
记忆要点：dis（不/und解开）
enclse[ɪnˈkləʊz]v.(用墙、篱笆等)把…围起来; 围住; 附入; 随函(或包裹等)附上;
拆分：en（in进入） +clse（shut封闭）把……关起来或围起来，就是围绕，装入
记忆要点：en（in进入）
claustrphbia [ˌklɔːstrəˈfəʊbiə] n.幽闭恐怖(症); 因受限制而产生的不适感;
拆分： claustr（clse关闭） +phbia (fear恐惧) 对于密闭空间的恐惧= 幽闭恐怖(症)
记忆要点：phbia (fear恐惧)
在希腊神话中，战神在战场上往往有他的两个儿子伴随在左右，一个叫做 Phbs （福波斯），一个叫做 Deims （德摩斯），这哥俩的名字在希腊语中都是“惊恐、恐惧”的意思，代表了战争的恐怖。
英语单词 phbia 就 源自福波斯的名字 phbs ，表示“恐怖”之意，还可以作为词根，用来表示各种恐惧症。比如说scial phbia就是社交恐惧症，hydrphbia 恐水症 ，密集物体恐惧Trypphbia
无手机焦虑症nmphbia结婚恐惧症gametphbia选择恐惧症Alldxaphbia恐血症hemphbia
一、完型填空
完形填空,阅读下列短文，从文后各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
Dn't Let the Candle Off
A man had a little daughter---an nly and much-lved child. He lived fr her--- she was his whle______. He was s happy t hear his girl's vice that he hardly imagined what he wuld d______her. But unluckily, ne day, his daughter became seriusly ill. He was very______. He tried all he culd t_____her. At last, his effrts (努力) was _____ and the child died. The father became a bitter recluse (隐士) after that, shutting _________ away frm his friends and refusing(拒绝) every activity that might______him back t his nrmal self. But ne night he had a dream. He was in heaven, seeing a grup f little child angels. They were dressed in white and______in a line passing by the Great White Thrne. Every angel 1 a candle. He nticed that all the candles were bright except ne. Then he fund that the child with the______candle was his wn little daughter. ______ t her, he held her in his______, hugged her gently, and then asked, "Why is it, darling, that yur candle alne is unlighted?" His daughter said, "Daddy, they ften relight it, but yur ______always put it ut." Just then he 2 .The lessn was very clear, and its effects were immediate. Frm that hur n he was nt a recluse, but scialized (交际)freely and gladly with his frmer friends and clleagues. N lnger wuld his darling's candle be put ut by his useless tears.
We can't avid having a sad______during lifetime, but we shuld remember nt t let ur belved persn's candle ff.
1．A．heartB．lifeC．faithD．md
2．A．withutB．byC．thrughD．ver
3．A．angryB．wrriedC．calmD．satisfied
4．A．helpB．persuade (劝说)C．saveD．serve
5．A．usefulB．uselessC．imprtantD．unimprtant
6．A．herselfB．himselfC．themselvesD．itself
7．A．putB．fetchC．hldD．bring
8．A．runningB．walkingC．speedingD．travelling
9．A．carriedB．pickedC．packedD．caught
10．A．littleB．beautifulC．darkD．bright
11．A．SmilingB．TalkingC．RushingD．Jumping
12．A．handsB．armsC．breastD．face
13．A．tearsB．dreamsC．hpesD．cmplaints
14．A．gt upB．turned arundC．went backD．wke up
15．A．partB．spirit（精神）C．feelingD．behavir
二、阅读还原5选5
Every schl has sme rules fr students t fllw. But what happens when students break the rules? In the UK, when students dn’t behave well at schl, they will be given a warning. But if they g n behaving badly—like talking ver the teacher—they’ll be punished (惩罚). 16． Generally speaking, there are five punishments in UK schls: detentin (课后留校), islatin (隔离) educatin unit (IEU), supervisin (监管), suspensin (停学) and exclusin (开除).
If yu receive a detentin, yu’ll find yurself sitting in a rm with yur teacher during break, lunch r even wrse, after schl. 17． Depending n hw naughty yu’ve been, yu can get tw detentins in ne day! If yu get an IEU, yu’re islated frm ther students. 18．
Supervisin means that yu cannt take part in PE lessns. 19． In this way, all the teachers can always see yu. It can make yu really uncmfrtable and withut freedm.
Suspensin means yu cannt g t schl fr sme time. The mst serius punishment yu can ever receive is exclusin. Yu can’t g t the schl any mre. 20． Obviusly, there is n ttal freedm in the wrld, n matter in the US r in China. Punishments may be a gd way t discipline students smehw. If yu dn’t want t get punished, d behave well!
A．And there are a lt f ways fr students t be punished!
B．Yu’ll have t find anther schl t g t and it will be n yur schl recrd.
C．In ther classes, yu sit at the frnt f the class.
D．The lngest time fr a detentin is tw hurs.
E.Yu have t stay in a rm all day t cmplete yur lessns.
三、阅读单选
A
If yu knw a teenager r gamer, yu have prbably heard abut the latest vide game: Frtnite. In the game, up t 100 players land int a small island with guns, and then kill r hide frm ther players in an attempt t be the lne survivr. The main gal is t kill ther players. The ppularity f these types f games raises clear questins abut the effects f vilent(暴力的)gaming. D vilent vide games lead t real life vilence?
The research n this questin is mixed. Over the years, researchers have perfrmed studies t find ut whether vilent vide games lead t prblems such as aggressin(攻击性）and pr perfrmance in schl. Many studies have fund that peple wh play vilent vide games are mre likely t be invlved in aggressive behavir. In fact, there was enugh research leading t this cnclusin(结论）that the American Psychlgical Assciatin published a plicy statement in 2015 cncluding that playing vilent vide games leads t mre aggressive behavirs.
But many ther researchers disagree. Many studies abut vilent crime and the use f vide vilent games find n evidence that increased sales f vilent vide games leads t an bvius grwth in vilent crimes. Researchers state that if vilent games directly led t vilent behavir, the data(数据)wuld shw increases in vilent crime n a large—scale as mre peple played vilent games. In fact, there is sme evidence that as mre yuth play vide games, rates f yuth vilence have decreased.
A recent analysis finds that much f the research n vilence and vide games is affected by publicatin bias. Studies which drew the cnclusins that vide games lead t aggressin and vilence are mre likely t be published. Hwever, studies which find vilent vide games dn't have an effect n vilence are seldm t be published. As a result, large reviews f the data cnclude vilent vide games lead t aggressin withut cnsidering research t the cntrary.
S what's the take—hme message here? There is nt enugh evidence that vilent vide games lead t aggressive behavir. That des nt mean that every game is fr every child. Certainly, many vilent vide games are scary and unfit fr sme kids. Understanding each child's needs and creating a plan that sets ut rules fr media use and mnitrs kids' activities n screens are prper slutins.
21．The writer mentins the game Frtnite t__________
A．intrduce the latest vide gameB．shw the ppularity f the game
C．lead in the tpic f vilent gamingD．share the skills f winning the game
22．What is Paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A．Harmful effects f vilent vide games.B．Reasns f playing vilent vide games.
C．The aggressive behavirs in vilent games.D．The research prcess f the vilent games.
23．The wrd "bias" in Paragraph 4 prbably means"___________________"
A．cmmn practiceB．unfair preference
C．unusual experienceD．serius misunderstanding
24．The writer prbably agrees that___________.
A．children shuld stay away frm vide games
B．vilent vide games lead t aggressive behavirs
C．crimes increase with the ppularity f vilent gaming
D．children need t be guided when playing vide games
B
Here are the fur adverts frm the newspaper Cast Chrnicle.
25．Abut what they advertise, we can safely say that___________.
A．Adverts Ⅰ and Ⅲ advertise tw prducts.B．Adverts Ⅲ and Ⅳ advertise services.
C．Adverts Ⅱ and Ⅲ advertise beliefs.D．Adverts Ⅰ and Ⅳ prvide jbs.
26．Frm the abve material we knw _____f the adverts are trying t be price cmpetitive.
A．1B．2.C．3.D．4.
27．Which f the fllwing statements abut the advertisements abve is NOT true?
A．A newspaper uses ne f them in its wn newspaper.
B．All f them advertise fr the largest number f custmers.
C．All f them list the prices.
D．All f them have included cntact infrmatin.
28．Frm these examples f advertisements, we can cnclude that_________ .
A．sme advertisements are prvided by newspapers free f charge
B．newspaper is the mst cmmn means f advertising
C．advertising is an expensive business
D．advertisements shuld be attractive t custmers
29．If yu want smene t d sme cleaning fr yu, yu can call ________ .
A．232567B．73204683C．444237058D．0732605041
C
What des the wrd “patent (专利权)” mean t yu? Des it interest yu? If it des, stp and think a mment abut sme f the cmmn things that yu use every day: the telephne, radi, televisin, and the thusands f ther things that enrich ur lives tday, were nce nly ideas in the minds f men. If it had nt been pssible t patent their ideas, s as t prtect them frm being cpied, these inventins might never have been fully develped t serve human beings.
If there were n patent prtectin, there wuld be little encuragement t invent, fr nce the secrets f an inventin became knwn, thse wh did nt experience the inventr’s risks and expenses (花费) might well fill the market with their cpies f his prduct and steal much f the benefit (益处) f his effrts.
The mst basic values in the U. S. patent system came frm England. During the rule f Queen Elizabeth I in England, the grwing technlgy was furthered by the giving f exclusive privileges (独家特权) t peple wh had invented new prcesses (程序) r tls—a step that did much t encurage creativity. Later, an imprtant value was added: sciety had everything t gain and nthing t lse by giving exclusive privileges t an inventr, because a patent fr an inventin was given fr smething new that sciety never had befre.
Gerge Washingtn signed the first patent law n April 10, 1790, and less than fur mnths later, the first patent was given t a man named Samuel Hpkins fr a chemical prcess, an imprved methd in sap making.
In 1936, the Patent Office became a separate department and it has grwn int an rganizatin f ver 2,500 peple wh every week deal with mre than 1,600 patent applicatins, and f thse, give mre than 1,000. A patent may be given fr any new and useful prcess, machine, r planning methd.
The patent system has als helped t imprve the pay f the American wrker t an unexpected level; he can prduce and earn mre by using cmputers r adding machines, tw imprtant patented inventins. Patented inventins als help keep prices dwn by encuraging cmpetitin.
Our patent laws, like the Cnstitutin frm which they grew, have std the test f time. They have encuraged creative prcesses, brught great benefits t sciety as a whle, and enabled American technlgy t utstrip that f the rest f the mdern wrld.
30．Frm the passage, what can we learn abut inventrs?
A．They make a lt f mney.
B．They fight against cpiers.
C．They have a lt f experience.
D．They put effrt int inventins.
31．Why were inventrs given exclusive privileges?
A．Because their inventins made leaders happy.
B．Because their creativity is very imprtant.
C．Because their inventins culd enlarge sciety.
D．Because they were the smartest peple in sciety.
32．Accrding t the passage, the patent system is gd fr America because ________.
A．it helps mre wrkers get jbs
B．it prvides a first-class service
C．it prduces less expensive things
D．it helps inventrs find markets
33．What is the meaning f “utstrip” in the last paragraph?
A．be better thanB．catch up withC．make better use fD．cst mre than
D
Thugh the ways f teaching have cme a lng way, the ways f cmmunicating between teachers and students are almst the same. But nw, a Eurpean cuntry is trying t change that by building schls that have n classrms, n subject lessns and best f all, n grades.
The idea behind the special schl is that children are creative. And researchers als think that kids’ learning and ideas are as imprtant as thse f the CEO f Ggle, s why nt give them a similar envirnment? Kids may be successful in such an envirnment.
T make kids mre creative, the schls are built with special learning areas instead f traditinal classrms. And even the lessns are taught in a special way, with mbile phnes and cmputers.
There is n “right” r “wrng” kind f educatin. The schl believes that everything is a learning experience, whether it is abut a serius science prject r making a mvie inside the schl’s recrding studi.
One f the special schls pened in August, 2011. It has five learning areas. The Cave is a secluded place where students fix their attentin n individual (个人的) prjects withut being bthered (打扰). The Lab is a place where students can d all kinds f experiments and test their ideas. Kids can wrk in grups in the same prjects in The Camp Fire. The Shw Off is where kids can shw their inventins. And if the kids need a rest, they can visit The Watering Hle, which has all kinds f fun activities.
Sunds great? And the clest thing is that the schl is free! I hpe mre schls like this will appear in the wrld!
34．What is the idea behind the special schl?
A．The children are creative.
B．All the students need t be taught.
C．All the students must be successful.
D．All the students must have high grades.
35．Frm the passage we can infer (推断) that in the special schls.
A．students are bredB．students are tired
C．students learn freelyD．students learn frm their teachers
36．“The Cave is a secluded place ….” The wrd “secluded” prbably means “ ” in Chinese.
A．清静的B．固定的C．吵闹的D．混合的
37．Paragraph 5 mainly tells us that .
A．the schl desn’t have grades
B．the schl has clever students
C．the schl has five learning areas
D．the schl desn’t have classrms
E
38．What can yu buy in Senbikiya?
A．Shes.B．Clthes.C．Bks.D．Fruit.
39．Beacn's Clset is in_____________.
A．Buens AiresB．New YrkC．LndnD．Tky
40．Which shp did Charles Dickens write abut?
A．Senbikiya.B．Beacn's Clset.
C．The Old Curisity Shp.D．El Atene Grand Splendid.
F
Everyne is afraid f smething. Sme f us are afraid f dgs, snakes, darkness and even babies. This kind f fear is called phbia. Phbias are ne f the mst cmmn mental illnesses. Wmen are mre likely t experience phbias than men.
There are all kinds f phbias. Mst specific (具体的) phbias fall int ne f the fur kinds: fear f natural envirnment, fear cnnected with animals, fear cnnected with medical treatments and fear cnnected with specific situatins.
The exact cause f specific phbias is nt knwn. Researchers ffer the fllwing explanatins.
Genetics: Research has shwn that certain phbias may run in families. Fr example, twins wh are raised in different places, may develp the same phbias.
Cultural Factrs (因素): Sme phbias appear nly in certain cultural grups. An example is Taijin Kyfush, a scial phbia that appears almst nly in Japan. This is a fear f ffending (冒犯) r harming thers in scial situatins.
Behaviral and Envirnmental Factrs: Many phbias are based n real-life events that may r may nt be remembered. A phbia f dgs, fr example, may cme frm being bitten as a small child.
Sme phbias can change yur life. Fr example, if yu have Dendrphbia (Fear f trees), yu can’t walk arund in the frest r even in a garden. Or if yu have Heliphbia (Fear f the sun), hw can yu g utside in daylight? Nt all phbias need treatments. But if a phbia affects yur daily life, help is required.
Nw I want t knw if there is a fear f grammar. Maybe that’s Grammarphbia.
41．Fear f heart disease is ________.
A．fear f natural envirnmentB．fear cnnected with animals
C．fear cnnected with medical treatmentsD．fear cnnected with specific situatins
42．The Chinese wrd fr the underlined wrd “Genetics” is ________.
A．习俗B．营养C．变异D．基因
43．If a man has Taijin Kyfush, he may ________.
A．have a twin brtherB．be Japanese
C．have been bitten by a persnD．hurt thers in scial situatins
44．Which is TRUE abut phbias?
A．All f them need treatments.B．Dendrphbia prevents yu frm ging utside.
C．Many students have Grammarphbia.D．Mre wmen experience phbias than men.
45．Which is the best title fr the passage?
A．Phbia, a Cmmn IllnessB．The Treatment fr Phbias
C．The Effects f PhbiasD．The Causes f Phbias
参考答案
1．B2．A3．B4．C5．B6．B7．D8．B9．A10．C11．C12．B13．A14．D15．C
【分析】试题分析：本文讲述一个疼爱女儿的父亲的故事。一个人把自己的女儿当成了自己的整个生命，但是不幸的是，在一场病中他失去了女儿，而后伤心欲绝。在一天的睡梦中，他见到了自己的女儿，梦中女儿的蜡烛总被爸爸的泪水熄灭。从那以后爸爸便振作了起来。
1．考查名词及语境理解。句意：他为她而生存，她是他的全部生命。A. heart心，心脏；B. life生命，生活；C. faith忠诚，信用；D. md情绪。为了她而生活，即：她是其全部生命。故选B。
2．考查介词及语境理解。句意：他几乎不能想象没有她他将怎么办。A. withut无，没有，不；B. by通过，以……方式；C. thrugh通过，穿过；D. ver在……上，结束，完了。父亲对女儿倾注了全部的爱，无法想像没有女儿的日子。故选A。
3．考查形容词及语境理解。句意：他非常着急。A. angry生气；B. wrried担忧；C. calm沉着；D. satisfied满意。女儿得了重病，父亲很着急。故选B。
4．考查动词及语境理解。句意：他尽力求她。A. help帮助；B. persuade(劝说；C. save救，拯救；D. serve服务。父亲尽力救生重病的女儿。故选C。
5．考查形容词及语境理解。句意：最后，他的努力无用，孩子死了。A. useful有用的；B. useless无用的；C. imprtant重要的；D. unimprtant不重要的。因为孩子最后被病魔夺去了生命，所以父母的一切努力都失去了作用。故选B。
6．考查代词及语境理解。句意：之后，父亲成了一位隐士，把自己关起来远离朋友们。A. herself她自己；B. himself他自己；C. themselves他们自己；D. itself它自己。故选B。
7．考查动词及语境理解。句意：之后，父亲成了一位隐士，把自己关起来远离朋友们并且拒绝所有可能把他带回正常生活的活动。A. put放；B. fetch去拿来；C. hld握住，抓住；D. bring带来。把他带回到正常生活中来的活动，带来：bring。故选D。
8．考查动词及语境理解。句意：她们穿着雪白的衣服，走过白色的宫殿。A. running跑；B. walking走；C. speeding加速，急行；D. travelling旅行。天使们走过，走过：walk by，故选B。
9．考查动词及语境理解。句意：每位天使拿着一支蜡烛。A. carried拿着；B. picked捡起；C. packed打包；D. caught握住，抓住。拿着蜡烛，故选A。
10．考查形容词及语境理解。句意：然后他发现拿着黑蜡烛的孩子是他的女儿。A. little小的；B. beautiful漂亮的；C. dark黑的；D. bright明亮的。由前句里的bright及except可以推测出，这只蜡烛没亮。故选C。
11．考查动词及语境理解。句意：他向她跑去，用手臂紧紧地抱住他。A. Smiling微笑；B. Talking说话；C. Rushing冲，奔；D. Jumping跳。父亲见到深受的女儿，向她跑去，故选C。
12．考查名词及语境理解。句意：他向她跑去，用手臂紧紧地抱住他。A. hands手；B. arms手臂；C. breast胸部；D. face脸。由hug拥抱，可知是手臂。故选B。
13．考查名词及语境理解。句意：爸爸，他们经常重新点燃它，但是你的泪水总是把它熄灭。A. tears眼泪；B. dreams梦想；C. hpes希望；D. cmplaints抱怨。由本段最后一句可知是泪水浇灭了烛光。故选A。
14．考查动词短语及语境理解。句意：正在这时，他醒了。A. gt up起床；B. turned arund 转身；C. went back回去；D. wke up醒来。从梦中醒来，故选D。
15．考查名词及语境理解。句意：在生活中我们不能避免一些悲伤的感受。 A. part部分；B. spirit精神；C. feeling感受；D. behavir行为。伤心的感觉。故选C。
16．A17．D18．E19．C20．B
【分析】文章主要介绍了每个学校都有校规，并以英国学校为例，介绍了英国学生在校违反规定会得到的相应的惩罚，并详细地介绍了五种惩罚方式。
16．根据后文“Generally speaking, there are five punishments in UK schls: detentin (课后留校), islatin (隔离) educatin unit (IEU), supervisin (监管), suspensin (停学) and exclusin (开除).”可知，前句应该是总体的指出有惩罚学生的一些方法，起到引出下文的作用，选项A“学生受到惩罚的方式有很多种！”符合，故选A。
17．根据后句“Depending n hw naughty yu’ve been, yu can get tw detentins in ne day!”可知，此处说的是有关课后留校的情况，应该是说留校时间的长短取决于学生的调皮程度，选项D“最长的留校时间是两个小时。”符合，故选D。
18．根据前句“If yu get an IEU, yu’re islated frm ther students.”可知，这里说的是隔离的情况，与其他同学隔离了，那就只有自己一个人学习了，选项E“你必须整天呆在房间里完成你的功课。”符合，故选E。
19．根据“Supervisin means that yu cannt take part in PE lessns.”以及“In this way, all the teachers can always see yu. It can make yu really uncmfrtable and withut freedm.”可知，此处说的是除了不能上体育课之外，其他课上的情况，并且是所有的老师都总是看着你，选项C“在其他课堂上，你坐在教室的前面。”符合，故选C。
20．根据“The mst serius punishment yu can ever receive is exclusin. Yu can’t g t the schl any mre.”可知，这里说的是被学校开除的情况，被这个学校开除了只能去找其他的学校，选项B“你得另找一所学校去，被开除的记录会在你的学习记录上。”符合，故选B。
21．C22．A23．B24．D
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。主要谈论暴力电子游戏的影响。对暴力电子游戏褒贬不一。一些研究人员认为玩暴力电子游戏会导致更具攻击性的行为。但许多其他研究人员不同意。有证据表明，随着越来越多的年轻人玩电子游戏，年轻人的暴力发生率有所下降。大量的数据回顾表明暴力电子游戏会导致攻击，而没有考虑相反的研究。作者认为孩子们在玩电子游戏时需要被引导。
21．推理判断题。根据第1段第4和5句“The ppularity f these types f games raises clear questins abut the effects f vilent gaming. D vilent vide games lead t real life vilence? （这类游戏的流行引发了人们对暴力游戏影响的明确质疑。暴力电子游戏会导致现实生活中的暴力吗？）”可知“作者提到游戏Frtnite是为了引出暴力游戏的话题”；故选C。
22．主旨题。第二段内容第3和4句“Researchers state that if vilent games directly led t vilent behavir, the data(数据)wuld shw increases in vilent crime n a large—scale as mre peple played vilent games. In fact, there is sme evidence that as mre yuth play vide games, rates f yuth vilence have decreased.（许多研究发现，玩暴力电子游戏的人更有可能参与攻击性行为。事实上，已有足够的研究得出这一结论（结论），美国心理协会在2015年发表了一份政策声明，结论是玩暴力电子游戏会导致更具攻击性的行为。）”可知“第2段主要谈论暴力电子游戏的有害影响。”；故选A。
23．词义猜测题。cmmn practice普遍的做法，惯例；unfair preference 不公平待遇，偏见；unusual experience不寻常的经历；serius misunderstanding重大误解。根据下文“随着越来越多的年轻人玩电子游戏，年轻人的暴力发生率有所下降。”可知此句“A recent analysis finds that much f the research n vilence and vide games is affected by publicatin bias.”句意是“最近的一项分析发现，大部分关于暴力和电子游戏的研究都受到出版偏见的影响。”故单词“bias”意思是“偏见”；故选B。
24．推理判断题。根据第5段最后一句“Understanding each child's needs and creating a plan that sets ut rules fr media use and mnitrs kids' activities n screens are prper slutins.（了解每个孩子的需求，制定一个计划，规定媒体使用规则，并在屏幕上监控孩子的活动，是正确的解决方案。）”可知“作者可能同意孩子们在玩电子游戏时需要被引导”；故选D。
25．B26．B27．C28．D29．A
【分析】这篇短文主要讲述了《海岸纪事报》的四则广告。
25．细节理解。根据文中painting fast-clean-reliable和Jhn's mwing可知，这两个广告是提供服务的工作。故选B。
26．细节理解。根据文中This space cst $62.40 in the cast chrnicle will reach 150,000 husehlds可知，第二个广告有比较价格。故选B。
27．细节理解。题干“以下关于上述广告的陈述哪一项是不正确的？”第三个和第四个广告并没有列举出价格。选项C是错误的。故选C。
28．细节理解。题干“从这些广告的例子中，我们可以得出结论” 根据文中Adrertising means t draw peple's attentin t smething.It is a central feature f ur lives.可知，广告应该吸引顾客。故选D。
29．细节理解。根据题干“如果你想有人帮你打扫”你可以打那个电话。根据文中Jhn's mwing Call 232567 any time fr lawn mwing可知答案，电话是232567。故选A。
30．D31．B32．C33．A
【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章讲述专利权以及给发明者授予独家特权是为了保护发明者的努力，鼓励他们的创造力，同时有益于生产更多廉价的产品，给社会带来极大的益处。
30．细节理解题。根据第二段“the inventr’s risks and expenses”及“his effrts”可知发明者为发明付出了努力。故选D。
31．细节理解题。根据第三段“the grwing technlgy was furthered by the giving f exclusive privileges t peple wh had invented new prcesses r tls—a step that did much t encurage creativity”给发明者独家特权是为了鼓励创造性，说明创造力很重要。故选B。
32．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The patent system has als helped t imprve the pay f the American wrker t an unexpected level; he can prduce and earn mre by using cmputers r adding machines, tw imprtant patented inventins. Patented inventins als help keep prices dwn by encuraging cmpetitin”专利系统对美国人有好处，提高工人的收入，可以生产更多赚得更多，可以鼓励竞争，降低价格，可知可以生产出更便宜的东西。故选C。
33．词义猜测题。此处是“American technlgy”美国的技术与“f the rest f the mdern wrld”现代世界的其余部分进行比较；根据“They have encuraged creative prcesses, brught great benefits t sciety as a whle”可知utstrip表示“更好，胜过”，相当于be better than。故选A。
34．A35．C36．A37．C
【解析】本文提到现代的教育交流方式很单一，现在欧洲国家尝试改变，建立一个没有教室，没有课程，没有分数的学校，全是为了开发学生的创造性，没有对错之分，学校分为五个区域，有助于学生潜能的开发，并且是免费的。
34．细节理解题。根据第三段提到T make kids mre creative, the schls are built with special learning areas instead f traditinal classrms为了使学生更有创造性，他们建的学校是特殊学习区域而不是传统的教室，所以选A项。
35．细节推断题。根据第二段提到The idea behind the special schl is that children are creative.这个学校为那些有创造力的学习准备的，所以推断出C项。
36． 细节理解题。根据第五段提到The Cave is a secluded place where students fix their attentin n individual (个人的) prjects withut being bthered (打扰)这个地方是一个安静的地方，在这，学生能集中注意力到个人的项目上而且不被打扰，所以选A项。
37．细节理解题。根据第五段中提到主要介绍五个学习区域，没有提到分数，也没有提到聪明的学生，而D项没有教室不是这段的内容，所以选C项。
38．D39．B40．C
【分析】本文介绍了四大不寻常商店：日本东京的森比基亚水果店、美国纽约的灯塔衣橱店、英国伦敦老古玩店鞋店、阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯著名的书店雅典人书店。
38．细节理解题。根据表格一森比基亚店（Senbikiya）第2和3句Yu buy fruit-perfect and very expensive fruit.（你买完美水果和很贵水果。）There are apples fr $25 each and 12 strawberries fr$82.（苹果25美元一个，草莓12个82美元一个。）可知在森比基亚（Senbikiya）商店你可以买到水果；故选D。
39．细节理解题。根据表格二灯塔衣橱（Beacn's Clset）第2句Then Beacn's Clset in New Yrk, USA is the place fr yu.（那么，美国纽约的灯塔衣橱就是你的家。）可知灯塔的衣橱（Beacn's Clset）在纽约；故选B。
40．细节理解题。根据表格三The Old Curisity Shp（老古玩店）第1和2句Smetimes the building is what makes yur shpping experience special; fr example, The Old Curisity Shp in Lndn, England. It is a tiny ld shp which Charles Dickens wrte abut in 1841.（有时候，这座建筑会让你的购物体验与众不同；例如，英国伦敦的古玩店。这是查尔斯·狄更斯在1841年写的一家小店。）可知查尔斯·狄更斯写了一篇关于古玩店的文章，故选C。
41．C42．D43．B44．D45．A
【分析】本文是说明文，介绍了恐惧症的四个类别，解释了特定恐惧症的形成原因以及恐惧症对人的生活的影响。
41．细节理解题。根据“Mst specific phbias fall int ne f the fur kinds: fear f natural envirnment, fear cnnected with animals, fear cnnected with medical treatments and fear cnnected with specific situatins”，可知对心脏病的恐惧与医疗有关，故选C。
42．词句猜测题。根据下文“Research has shwn that certain phbias may run in families”，可知在家族中遗传应该是基因问题，故选D。
43．推理判断题。根据“An example is Taijin Kyfush, a scial phbia that appears almst nly in Japan”，可判断是个日本人，故选B。
44．细节理解题。根据“Wmen are mre likely t experience phbias than men”，可推知有恐惧症经历的女性比男性多，Mre wmen experience phbias than men说法正确，故选D。
45．最佳标题题。通读全文，短文介绍的是叫作Phbia（恐惧症）的疾病及其种类，解释了特定恐惧症的形成原因，可知Phbia, a Cmmn Illness符合文意，故选A。
Tp Fur Unusual Shps
Senbikiya
If yu are lking fr smething perfect, cme t Senbikiya in Tky, Japan! Yu buy fruit-perfect and very expensive fruit. There are apples fr $25 each and 12 strawberries fr$82. Yes, it's expensive... but it's ppular.
Beacn 's Clset
Are yu lking fr smething ld… smething ther peple dn’t want any mre? Then Beacn's Clset in New Yrk, USA is the place fr yu. Peple bring clthes they dn't want and ther peple buy them. These secnd-hand clthes are f gd quality -and cheap!
The Old Curisity Shp
Smetimes the building is what makes yur shpping experience special; fr example,The Old Curisity Shp in Lndn, England. It is a tiny ld shp which Charles Dickens wrte abut in 1841. There are lts f big mdern buildings arund it. It is nw a she shp.
El Atene Grand Splendid
Frm a tiny building t a huge ne: the famus bkshp El Atene Grand Splendid in Buens Aires, Argentina. In 1919, the building pened as a theatre, but in February 2000, it became ne f the biggest-and mst beautiful -bkshps in the wrld.