2021年初升高英语衔接课 第7课时 英语基本语法串讲课件PPT

这是一份2021年初升高英语衔接课 第7课时 英语基本语法串讲课件PPT，PPT课件主要包含了一名词的分类，名词的数，三名词的所有格，形容词和副词，off，时 + 态，时 间，形 态，以do为例等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1、可数名词复数规则变化
2. 可数名词复数不规则变化man—men, wman—wmen, ft—feet, tth—teeth, gse—geese, child—children, muse—mice
3. 单复数形式相同的名词deer, sheep, Chinese, Japanese, Swiss, means, speciesseries, aircraft, spacecraft
4. 合成名词的复数形式 she factry—she factries wman teacher—wmen teachers
passer-by— ___________lker-n— ______________ grwn-up— ___________sister-in-law— ____________
sisters-in-law
1. 由“量词+不可数名词”表达 a piece f paper tw pieces f paper2. 可修饰不可数名词的词： sme，much，a lt f， lts f， plenty f， little，a little，a bit f ，a great deal f, a large amunt f, a large quantity f, quantities f
1. We didn’t need t d s many hmewrk.(2014年全国卷I)2. Much rare animals are dying ut. (2015年全国卷I)3. It desn’t cst many.(2016年全国卷II)4.They were eager t knw everything abut China and asked me lts f questin.（全国卷）
Practice：高考连接
5. We study quite a few subject, such as maths, Chinese, English and physics. （全国卷）
6. Yu knw, that was a dinner we had waited fr several mnth.（全国卷）
7. Nwadays millins f peple f all age take pleasure in a hbby… （全国卷）
1. When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lts f clthes.（2011年全国卷）2. I first met Li Meng at a friend birthday party five years ag.（2007年全国卷）3. Fr mst f us the_________ (change) are gradual and require a lt f effrt and wrk.(2016)4. S yu’ll feel a sense f _________ (achieve). (2016)5. Recent _________ (study) shw that we are far mre prductive at wrk if we take shrt break regularly. (2016)
achievement
二、冠词（Article）
一、不定冠词a/an
不定冠词有a和an两种形式，a用于辅音音素开头的词前，an用于元音音素开头的词前。In a university, a Eurpean and a ne-eyed man walked alng a ne-way rad with a useful tl. This is a usual thing.An hur ag, an hnest man walked n an island and accepted an hnrable task.
1. 泛指一个人或某物：He saw a dg.2. 泛指某一类人或物: A hrse is a useful animal.3. 表示数量“一”的意思(但数的概念没有ne强烈): I bught a bk yesterday.
4. 表示首次提到的人或物：Lng lng ag, there was a king whse daughter was very beautiful.5.用在序数词、形容词比较级、最高级前：a secnd/third cup f tea （再一；又一）a better life 更好的生活 a mst handsme yung man = very handsme yung man 6. 抽象不可数名词具体化：a (big)surprise 一件令人惊讶的事 a (great) success一个（件）成功的人（事）a knwledge f English 英语知识a cffee 一杯茶 catch a heavy rain 淋了一场大雨7.用在某些固定词组中：a lt f 许多，大量；after a while 过一会儿 as a matter f face 事实上
定冠词the用法口诀 特指双方熟悉，上文已经提及； 世上独一无二，方位名词乐器；某些专有名词； 外加姓氏复数；序数词最高级，习语用语特记。
1.特指人或物: Shw me the pht f the by.2.谈话双方都知道的人或事物: Open the windw，please.3.指上文提到的人或事物: I have a car. The car is red.
4. 指世界上独一无二的事物: the sun/the earth5. 序数词, 形容词最高级前: the first lessn, the easiest way6. 某些专有名词前: the Great Wall, the United States7. 某些形容词前, 表示某一类人: the pr, the blind8. 姓氏复数前，表示“一家人”或“夫妻俩”: the Greens 9. 方位词前: n the left10. 西洋乐器名称前：play the pian 11. 江河湖海，山脉，群岛及国家和党派团体等名词前: the Yangzi River, the Party12. 逢十的复数名词或年代、朝代前 in the fifties, in the 1870’s13. 动词+sb +介词(in/at/by) +the +身体部位14. 用在某些固定词组中：by the way, in the pen air, in the end
零冠词用法口诀下列情况应免冠，代词限定名词前；专有名词不可数，学科球类和三餐；复数名词表泛指，两节星期月份前；颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。
1.在大多数专有名词,复数名词和不可数名词前表泛指：Tian’an Men Square, water Tigers eat meat.2.名词前已有物主代词（my，yur，his，her等）、指示代词（this/these，that/thse）、不定代词（sme，any等）及所有格修饰时。
3.在星期，月份，季节，节日前：n Sunday, in March, in spring,n Wmen’s Day4.在称呼，作表语、补语、同位语的职位，头衔的名词前：Tm, Mum They elected him president f the sciety.5.在学科名称，三餐饭和球类棋类运动名称前: stduy Maths/Chinese, have lunch, paly basketball/chess 6.与by连用的交通工具名称前：by bus7.固定搭配中：in surprise, at nn, g t bed, day and night, catch fire, n fire
四、用与不用冠词的差异in hspital/prisn 住院/住监/ in the hspital/prisn 在医院/监狱里g t schl /church 上学/做礼拜 g t the schl /church到学校/教堂n earth究竟/n the earth在地球上，在世上in frnt f 在(外部的)前面/in the frnt f在 (内部的)前面take place发生/take the place(f)代替…at table进餐/at the table在桌子旁by sea乘船/by the sea在海边ut f questin毫无疑问/ut f the questin不可能的，办不到的a third time 又一次/the third time第三次a number f一些, 许多 the number f ……的数目in a way 某种程度上/in the way 挡路be in charge f 负责……/be in the charge f 由……负责
单句改错【2012全国Ⅱ】T deal with a prblem, I think, we shuld first g all ut t plant trees because trees will help save water. 【2014辽宁】Besides, Cle tends t bark a average f six hurs a day. 【2013 四川】The teacher was angry because we had same answers in the test.【2015课标Ⅰ】Nw I am living in a city, but I miss my hme in cuntryside.【2014新课标Ⅱ】There are all kinds f the flwers and trees arund the classrm buildings. .
【2006福建】We usually wrk nly five hurs a day, s we will have plenty f spare time t visit the area and have a fun. 【2006江西】I am glad yu have made such a great prgress that yu can write yur e-mail in gd Chinese.【2011陕西】He was right there in the frnt f me! 【2017全国Ⅱ】They live far frm the schl, and it takes them abut a hur and a half t g t wrk every day.【2009辽宁】S I went t sell newspapers after the schl.
人称代词（主格和宾格）√
物主代词（形容词性和名词性）√
三、代词（Prnun）
1. 人称代词分为主格和宾格两种形式，主格在句中作主语，宾格作宾语或表语，放动词、介词后。 The teacher said he was very prud f us students and we all like him very much.2. 形容词性物主代词修饰名词，名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词。 My idea is quite different frm hers(=her idea).3. 反身代词常用词组：by neself 独自地 fr neself 亲自；为自己 in nesllf 本质上；本身 enjy neself 玩的愉快 lse neself 迷路 help neself t 随便吃 The custmer wanted t see the manager himself.
4. 相互代词 We shuld help each ther .(两者之间) We shuld learn frm ne anther.（三者以上之间） The students crrected ne anther’s mistakes in their hmewrk.5. 疑问代词 Wh/whm d yu meet n the street? Whse pen is lst? Which d yu like best? What happened then?
6. 指示代词 this/these(近指) that/thse(远指) Such is my pinin. My pinin is just the same. I think s. I like it.7. 关系代词 引导定语从句，修饰或限定名词（先行词） 指人wh/that, whm(宾格)，whse（谁的） 指物 which/that, whse (谁的) D yu knw the girl wh/that is in red? This is the huse which/that I visited yesterday?
6. 不定代词 ne 复数为 nes sme 肯定句；表示建议或请求的疑问句 any 否定句或疑问句 bth 两者都 all 三者及以上都 each 两者及以上，强调个体 every 三者及以上强调整体 either 两者中的一个 neither 两者都不
n= nt any nne 三者及以上没一个 n ne=nbdy 没有人 anther 三者及以上中的另一个 ther 另外一些 the ther 两者中的另一个（ne…the ther…） thers 很多中的其他的= ther +名词复数 the thers 剩下的所有=the ther +名词复数
few/a few+可数名词复数 little/a little+不可数名词 smebdy=smene/smething anybdy=anyne/anything nbdy=n ne/nthing everybdy=everyne/everything
A by was walking hme frm schl when she saw a large, tempting (诱人的) apple n the ne f the branches f an apple tree hanging ut ver a tall Seeing the apple, the by wanted them. He began t jump up and dwn, as high as he culd, at the tp f either jump stretching his arms t get the apple.Still it remained ut f reach. Nt giving up, he thught, if nly he had anything t stand n, but it was a tidy neighburhd and there was nne he culd use.Withut seeing any thers chices, he gave up and started t walk away. Hwever, the by f ur stry was a pretty smart guy, even if he culdn’t always get which he wanted. He started t say t him, “There’s nthing mre I can d t get the apple-that is unchangeable-but we are suppsed t be able t change his feelings. If that’s the case, what can I d t feel better?”
Practice：短文改错
形容词或副词的原级, 比较级和最高级的常用句型
形容词、副词相关疑难解析
1. 形容的基本用法1. 这是一座美丽的公园。 It’s a beautiful park. 2. 这个动物园既生动又有趣。The z is bth mving and interesting.3. 谁把窗开着的？ Wh left the windw pen? 4. 他最终安然无恙地回来了He finally came back, safe and sund.
【结论】形容词在句中一般作定语(修饰名词)、表语、补语、状语(表示主语的状态)。
2. 形容词后置【完成例句】 1. 今天的报纸没有什么新的东西。There is nthing new in tday’s newspaper. 2. 他是当今世界上健在的最著名的科学家。He is the mst famus scientist alive in the wrld tday.3. 你还知道别的什么？What else d yu knw?4.一个男人肩上扛着满满一袋的米。A man carried a bag full f rice n his back
【结论】形容词一般作前置定语，但在下列情况作后置定语： (1)修饰不定代词时；(2)当表语形容词alne, awake, alive, asleep, alike等作定语时；(3)else修饰疑问代词和不定代词；(4)形容词构成的短语作定语。
3. 多个形容词排序【完成例句】 1. 大厅里有一张大的圆会议桌。There is a big rund cnference table in the hall. 2. 她丢了一只小的闪亮的黑色皮包。 She lst a small shiny black leather handbag. 3. 我想买一辆蓝色德国赛车。 I wanted a blue German sprts car.
【结论】常见形容词顺序归纳为口诀如下：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄与新老，颜色国籍出材料，作用类别往后靠。即：限定词(冠词、代词、数词等)＋ 描绘性形容词(beautiful、interesting…)＋大小、长短、高低形容词＋形状、年龄、新旧形容词＋颜色、国籍、出处、材料形容词＋用途、类别形容词＋ 中心名词。
二、副词的位置【完成例句】(1)这本书是很有趣的。This bk is quite interesting.(2)这男孩已够大，可以上学了。The by is ld enugh t g t schl. (3他总是乐于助人。He is always ready t help thers. (4)我永远也忘不了那天。 I will never frget that day. (5)幸运的是，他没有被淹死而是被解放军救了起来。 Frtunately, he was nt drwned and was saved by the PLA men. 　　
副词修饰形容词时，应放在被修饰的词之前，但enugh必须置于其后。
频率副词(always, ften, usually, never, seldm, hardly, 等)要放在实义动词之前，be动词、助动词、情态动词之后。
连接副词或修饰整个句子做评论性状语的副词多置于句首，作评注性状语。
三、形容词或副词的原级, 比较级和最高级的常用句型
注：形容词、副词比较级可用much, even, far, a little, a lt, a bit , rather , still, a great deal 等修饰
1. -ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别 -ed形容词一般修饰人，意为“感到…”；-ing形容词一般修饰物，意为“令人…的”：interested /interesting; excited /exciting; frightened /frightening; surprised /surprising; pleased /pleasing; mved /mving; disappinted /disappinting等。注意：-ed形容词也可以修饰物，指与该事物相关的人；-ing形容词用以修饰人，也是指此人具有该性质或特征。He tld me the news in an excited vice. She gave me a determined(坚定的) lk.The man is interesting. He is a disgusting(令人恶心的) man.2. 下列单词以“－ly”结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：friendly、lively、lnely、lvely、deadly（致命的）、ugly、silly（傻的）、likely(可能的)、brtherly(兄弟般的)、timely(及时的)、mnthly(每月的)等。
3.两种形式的副词 有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式与形容词相同，另一种形式是在形容词后加后缀“­ly”。这两种形式的副词表示的意义不大相同，应加以分辨。 clse 接近(指距离)——clsely 仔细地，密切地 free 免费——freely 自由地，自如地 deep 深——deeply 深刻地，深入地 hard 努力地——hardly 几乎不 wide 宽阔——widely 广泛地 high 高——highly 高度地 late 晚、迟——lately 近来 near 邻近——nearly 几乎
语法填空1.【2017新课标Ⅰ】Hwever, be ______(care) nt t g t extremes(极端). 2.【2017新课标Ⅰ】 Even ______ , the amunt f fast fd that peple eat ges up. 3.【2017新课标Ⅱ】The Central Lndn Railway was ne f the mst ______ (success) f these new lines, and was pened in 1900.4.【2017新课标Ⅲ 】It’s______ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.5. 【2015新课标Ⅰ】A few hurs ______ (ag/befre/early/ealier), I ‘d been at hme in Hng Kng.
6. Tm is my______ (ld) brther, he is tw years______ (ld) than I.7. ______(tire) and sad, the driver lked at the vast desert withut knwing if he culd get acrss it safely.8. He prmised t cme t the meeting, ______ ,he didn’t appear.9. The prblem will be ______ (far/farther/further) discussed in the class meeting.10. –The film is nt a bit interesting. – Why? I have never seen a ___________ (interesting) ne befre.
五、介词Prepsitin
一、表地点的介词： 1.表地点时at,in,n at 表示在较小的地方；在某物旁 :at the table in 表示在较大的地方；在某物范围内 n 表示在某物上（表面接触）:n the rad; n the farm
My uncle was brn ___ Shanghai. Nw he is living ___ 116 Changhe street. His rm is ___ the sixth flr.
2.表方位时 in,n, t ff in 表示在境内；在某物旁 n 表示相邻或在边界上 t 表示不接壤，在境外 ff 表示在海面上靠近海岸的地方
Guangdng lies ___ the suth f China and Fujian is ___ the east f it. Hainan is ___ the cast f the mainland. Japan is ___ the east f China.
3.表方位 n/beneath,under/ver, abve/belw n 表示在…之上，与物体表面接触，其反义词是beneath; ver 表示没有接触的垂直正上方，其反义词是under; abve 表示没有接触的斜上方，其反义词是belw。
There is a picture hanging ___ the wall.She always puts his students ___ everything.
4.表运动方向 acrss 表示横穿 thrugh 表示在某一空间通过 ver表示从一边到另一边或从上方越过 alng 表示沿着:walk alng the street up 表示向上，反之用dwn t 表示动作的目的地；twards 指朝向；fr 表示前往的目的，常和leave, head, sail, start ff,set ut连用 past表示从……旁经
二、表时间的介词： 1.表时间时at,in,n at 表示时间点：at 6:00, at nn, at the end f… n 表示在特定某一天的上午，下午和晚上 in 表示一段时间；后跟年，月，季，世纪等。
The train leaves ___ 6：00 pm, s I have t arrive ___the statin by 5:40.2. The ld man died f cld ___ a cld night.3. The railway was pened t traffic ___ April,1985.
2.表持续时间 since, fr, in, after since 表示自从：后跟过去的某时间点，与完成时连用 fr 接一段具体的时间，可用于各种时态 in 接一段时间，意为一段时间后，多用于一般将来时 after 接一段时间，常用于过去时;after接时间点，可用各种时态
His father will be back frm Lndn ___ a few days.Hw lng has the bkshp been in business. ___ 1987.3. He will cme here ___ 6:00. 4. He finished the wrk ____ 3 days.
三、表示除…以外的介词 besides 表示”包含，除…之外还有” ，相当于 in additin t except 表示”排除，除…之外” ，可以和but互换 but 表示”排除” ，常与nthing, n ne等不定代词连用 except fr 表示”除去整体中的部分” apart frm=besides=except fr
___ basketball, I als like playing pingpng.Yu have n chice ___ t wrk hard.Li Lng is a gd student ___ his laziness.___ gd service, the restaurant ffers different kinds f traditnal dishes.
四、原因介词At the news, he became excited.She ften hangs her head fr shame.He went red with anger.The sprts meet will be put ff till next Saturday because f the heavy rain.His illness was due t smking and drinking.Thanks t the Party’s gd plicy，the farmers are nw living a happy and rich life.
五、工具、手段、方式介词 1.by，in，n三词都表示交通方式。
名词前有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等时用n/in。I travel t New Yrk in this plane；I g t schl n my bike【说明】步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用n。n ft，n hrseback, n a hrse，n the camel
2.with，by，in三词均译为“用”，表示行为的工具、手段或方式。They are digging with a spade.by hand；in ink in English/Japanese
六、介词与某些词类的搭配1．名词与介词的固定搭配(1)常与t搭配的名词：key，answer，visit，aplgy，intrductin(2)常与in搭配的名词：interest，satisfactin，expert(3)常与n搭配的名词：mercy，cngratulatin(4)常与其他介词搭配的名词：prize fr，respect fr，victry ver，struggle with2．形容词与介词的固定搭配(1)与at搭配的形容词：afraid，angry，gd，bad，clever，surprised，excited，puzzled，frightened
(5)与t搭配的形容词：next，gd，plite，kind，cruel，rude，knwn，married，clse，similar，due(6)与fr搭配的形容词：srry，famus，fit，unfit，eager，anxius，hungry(7)与frm搭配的形容词：far，different，free，safe，absent，tired(8)与abut搭配的形容词：srry，wrried，anxius，careful，sure，Certain
(2)与f搭配的形容词：afraid，sure，certain，full，tired，fnd，prud，wrthy(3)与with搭配的形容词：angry，strict，careful，busy，ppular(4)与in搭配的形容词：weak，strict，rich，interested，successful
②f＋抽象名词＝形容词f great value＝very valuablef n use＝uselessa man f wealth＝a wealthy man③t与情感名词连用，表示“某种行动后产生的感觉”：t＋ne’s＋ ＝t the f sb.Much t my jy，he was quite frm danger.④at与某些名词搭配表示“一……就……”at the sight f　　at the thught f
【注】　①同一形容词与不同的介词搭配其含义会不同。
六、动词 Verb
Humrus Mments
The Father and His SnFather: Yu knw, Tm, when Lincln ___(be) yur age, he ___(be) a very gd pupil. In fact, he ___(be) the best pupil in his class. Tm: Yes, Father. I ____ (knw) that. But when he ____(be) yur age, he____ (be) President f the United States.
根据后面是否带宾语，行为动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词1. 及物动词：后可直接接宾语例：They studied English yesterday.  2. 不及物动词：后不可直接接宾语（要接宾语时必须加介词） 例：I arrived in Beijing last night. 注：有的动词既可作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。例： She sings very well.  She sang an English sng just nw.  
二、系动词系动词不能单独作谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语
及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
We enjy listening t music.我们喜欢听音乐。
Please give me the bk.=Please give the bk t me.请把那本书给我。
常见的后跟双宾语的动词有：give, bring, buy , lend, pass, teach, thrw, tell 等。
We saw the girl playing under the tree.我们看到那个女孩正在树下玩。
三、助动词助动词本身没有词义,不能单独作谓语,只能和别的动词一起构成谓语, 帮助构成否定、疑问、强调、省略等结构。
四、情态动词本身有一定的词义，但是不能独立作谓语，只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。
An empty street an empty huse a hle inside heart I’m all alne and the rms are getting smaller I wnder hw i wnder why I wnder where they are the days we had the sngs we sang tgether and h! my lve
I’m hlding n frever reaching fr a lve that seems s far s i say a little prayer n my dream will take me there where the skies are blue t see yu nce again my lve
Westlife — My lve
他昨天来了. 他已经来了.他明天来.
He came yesterday.
He has cme.
He will cme tmrrw.
汉语借助词汇手段而非词的形态变化来表示动作的发生,而英语主要通过谓语动词时态变化来表现.任何句子都要先注意时态.
Past future
have/has dne
have/has been ding
am/ is /areding
was/ were ding
will be ding
wuld be ding
will havedne
wuld have dne
had beending
will havebeen ding
wuld have been ding
Past Future
Hw is yur daily life as a high schl student?
(3 sentences r mre,使用实义动词和系动词, 注意动词形式变化)
I study hard every day and I get alng well with my classmates, but smetimes I miss my families.
一、 一般现在时 ( The Simple Present Tense )
1、一个习惯性、经常性的动作。常与ften, smetimes, usually , every…, always , at times, n Sundays, seldm, nw and then等时间副词连用。
2、表示不受时间限制的科学事实、格言警句或客观真理。 The earth mves arund the sun. Practice makes perfect.
4、表示已安排或计划好将来必定会发生的动作或存在的状态, 一般用于be, cme, g, start, begin, leave, arrive, return等动词中，常与时间状语连用．如：　　
3、时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来，主句用一般将来时。
Even if it rains tmrrw, the sprts meeting will take place.
即使明天下雨，运动会也将举行。
1175航班将于今天下午2:00起飞。
The plane 1175 takes ff at 2:00 tmrrw afternn.
Hw did yu spend yur childhd?(3 sentences r mre,使用实意动词和系动词, 注意动词形式变化)
Example: I _______ (spend) my childhd happily with my ld friends. We always ________(fly) kites tgether and we _______ (nt) have s much hmewrk t d as nw. We _______ (be) happy at that time.
一般过去时表示在过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，它常与表过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, the ther day, just nw, then, tw days ag, in 1999, at that time， in thse days, nce upn a time, in the past等。但是一般过去时也经常用在没有说明过去的时间状语的句子中，这是高考的命题方向。
Srry, yur phne number again .I _________ (catch) it.
二、一般过去时 ( The Simple Past Tense )
didn’t catch
Hw will yu spend yur Natinal Day?I will…I’m ging t…
三. 一般将来时( The Simple Future Tense )
Dad said t me, “I will buy a cmputer fr yu if yu can pass the exam.” Dad tld me (that) he _________ (buy) a cmputer fr me if I culd pass the exam.
四、过去将来时(The past future simple Tense)
1. 用法: 过去将来时表示立足于过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态, 常用于宾语从句中.
2.结构: 1)shuld / wuld+动词原形 The by prmised he wuld wrk hard.
2).其他形式． was (were) ging t was (were) t +动词原形 was (were) abut t
What are they ding nw?
They are playing basketball n the playgrund.
五、 现在进行时(The Present Cntinuus Tense)
1、表示现在( 指说话时)正在发生的事情。　We are having English class nw.2、表示目前这段时间内正在进行的动作,但说话时动作未必正在进行。 She is writing a nvel these days.
3、现在进行时用来表示按计划即将发生的动作,多用于表示移动的动词,如: cme, g, start, arrive, leave, stay等。 Are yu staying here till next week?
4、be always ding 表示表扬、批评或抱怨等感情色彩。
Yu are always leaving things here and there.
On August 8, 2008, the 29th Olympic Games was pening in Beijing.
What were yu ding n that day?
六、过去进行时(The Past Cntinuus Tense)
表示过去某时或某段时间正在进行的动作或状态；在近些年的高考中，更加侧重于短文上下文语境。
Shirley （write） a bk abut China last year but I dn’t knw whether she has finished it.
was writing
We were watching the Olympic pening ceremny.
Q1: Hw ld were yu when yu first started learning English?Q2: Hw lng have yu learnt English?A: We have learnt English fr mre than 10 years.
七、现在完成时(The present Perfect Tense)
表示动作到现在为止已经完成。He has wrked ut the prblem.I have finished writing the letter nw.2. 现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在的影响或表示经验。We have cleaned the classrm.(已经干净了)I have just had my lunch.(现在不饿了)3. 现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续至现在，常与fr, since , yet ,lately, recently, s far, up t nw, in the past 3 days 等短语连用。I have lived in Beijing fr 5 years.
八、对现在完成进行时的考查构成: have / has been+ ding概念: 表示从过去某一时刻发生的动作，一直延续到现在，并且还可能继续下去。
The CCTV has been bradcasting English prgrams ever since 1977.
九、过去完成时 (The past perfect Tense)
When the plice arrived, the thieves_________(run )away.
过去完成时，经常以“过去”为背景，要想表达比这一背景更早的动作，即“过去的过去”，常用此时态。Eg. When we gt t the theatre, they had sld all the tickets. What a pity!
动词的语态：主动语态和被动语态
2.被动语态的用法(1)不知道或者无需指明动作的执行者。The windw hasn’t been cleaned fr weeks.窗户好几周没擦了。(2)强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身。All the emplyees are encuraged t wrk nline at hme.所有的雇员都被鼓励在家网上办公。(3)在科技文献，文章标题、广告或新闻报道中。Girls Wanted招女工Five-Year-Old By Kidnapped!五岁男童遭到绑架!
总结：非谓语动词是指在句中不作谓语的动词, 包括三种形式，即动词不定式(t d)、动名词/现在分词(ing)和过去分词(dne)。
I shuld d mre exercise ____________(imprve) my English.
The by____________(draw) there is my best friend Tm.
The wman ____________(interview) by the news reprter said she liked her jb.
interviewed
T clean streets is my jb.My jb is t clean streets.3. She wants t wear the new skirt.4. Teachers tell us nt t play ftball in the streets.5. Tday I have s much wrk t finish.Many yung peple g t big cities t lk fr jbs.I am happy t see yu.
1. Eating much junk fd is bad fr health. 2. She enjys listening t sft music. 3. She is in the reading rm. D yu knw the girl standing under the tree 4. His hbby is cllecting stamps. 5. The students went ut f the classrm, talking and laughing. 6. Dn’t keep us waiting fr a lng time.
动名词/现在分词 V-ing
1. She married a man called Lin Ta. 2. He will have his hair cut after schl. 3. Exhausted, I slid int bed and fell fast asleep. 4. Please remain seated until the plane has cme t a cmplete stp.
（1）(广州一模) The questin ____________(discuss) at the meeting yesterday is imprtant.（2）单句改错：Helping by a friend f mine, I repaired my cmputer.（3）单句改错：There are still many children dislike fruit and vegetables.（4）单句改错：T realize my dream, I will take sme exercise build up my bdy.（5）单句改错：I like reading the nvels are written by San Ma.
I was passing the huse when I suddenly heard a sund f jy cming frm the ther side f the wall. I peered(偷看) ver. There std Jack __________ (d) nthing but smiling. When he nticed my puzzled face __________ (stare) ver the wall, he did nt seem embarrassed(尴尬)，but_______(ask) me t cme __________(apprach) him. “Tday, I had my hair __________ (cut), d I lk handsme?” he said. There he was, __________(hld) a small mirrr in his hand. ________(knw) he is a persn wh lves himself mre than everything, I dn’t want t hurt him.