高中英语人教版 (新课标)必修5&选修6Unit 4 Global warming课时练习

03 课后演练提能

[夯实·基础知识]

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1. As a________ (后果) of enjoying the paintings, Shelley wanted to become an artist.

答案：consequence

2. We have a great________(范围) of service.

答案：range

3. He  chose  a  number  in  a(n)________(任意的) order.

答案：random

4. In dealing with this new________(现象), I have two points to make.

答案：phenomenon

5. Wood, coal, oil, petrol  and  gas  are  all different  kinds  of________ (燃料)．

答案：fuel(s)

6. The________ (数据) suggests they are heavy cigarette smokers.

答案：data

7. There's been an upward________(趋势) in sales in the last few years.

答案：trend

8. We are________  (反对) to doing harm to environment.

答案：opposed

9. The heavy rain has caused________ (洪水) in many parts of the country.

答案：floods

10. A(n)________  (一瞥)  at my watch showed that it was nearly five and I was bored to death.

答案：glance

Ⅱ.介副词填空

1. How did it come________ that he knew where we were?

答案：about

2. I subscribe________ a number of journals concerned with my subject.

答案：to

3. Inflation may be rising, if (it is) so, prices will go________.

答案：up

4. The reform has resulted________tremendous change in our country.

答案：in

5. Public opinion was opposed________the war.

答案：to

6. The children's ages range________8 ________15.

答案：from; to

7. ________if I have to walk all the way I'll get there.

答案：Even

8. Keep________ going till you come to a red brick building.

答案：on

9. He has built________his own business.

答案：up

10. The police discovered quantities________arms hidden in the cave.

答案：of

Ⅲ. 完成句子

1．This______________________________and so the plants can grow throughout the cold period. (make的复合结构)

这使得温室变暖，因此作物能在寒冷时期生长。

答案：makes the greenhouse heat up

2. He__________________________a long journey. (consume)

他因长途旅行而变得憔悴了。

答案：was consumed with

3. The drug is effective but______________headache. (tend)

这药有效，但是容易引起头痛。

答案：tends to cause

4. The competitors' ages____________________.(range)

参赛者的年龄在10到15岁之间。

答案：range from 10 to 15

5. She________________a good idea for increasing sales.(come)

她想出了增加销售量的好主意。

答案：came up with

Ⅳ. 单句语法填空(不多于3个单词)

1. [2013·宁德高二检测]－Would  you  like  this  gold 

necklace，Madam?

－It's beautiful, but out of my price________.

答案：range　考查短语out of range超出……的范围。句意：——夫人，你要买这条金项链吗？——它很漂亮，但是超出了我(承受)的价格范围。

2. Users of China Mobile can subscribe________ the mobile phone newspaper by sending the message “CD” to 10658000.

答案：to　考查短语。句意：中国移动用户可以通过发送信息“CD”到10658000订阅移动手机报。subscribe to意为“订阅”。

3. [2013·泉州高二检测]It takes long to build________ a good name, but this name is quickly lost by just one piece of bad behavior.

答案：up　考查动词短语辨析。句意：建立好的名声要花很长时间，但是一着不慎就会使之毁于一旦。build up逐步建立。

4. [2013·吉林高二检测] When ________(compare) naughty  children  with  others, we often pay attention to their shortcoming without noticing their ability.

答案：comparing　考查状语从句的省略。句意：当我们把淘气的孩子和其他(的孩子)相比时，我们经常注意到他们的缺点而看不到他们的能力。When comparing  naughty children with others是状语从句的省略，完整的句子是：When we are comparing naughty children with others; compare...with...把……和……进行比较，compare与主语之间是主动关系。

5. The two parties are holding the talk in a friendly atmosphere at present. Hopefully, they will reach an________(agree)．

答案：agreement　考查名词。句意：两党目前正在友好的气氛中交谈。希望他们能达成协议。

6. If my car________(be) more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.

答案：had been　考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我的汽车性能更可靠些，去年夏天我就会开车去拉萨而不是坐飞机去了。结合句意可知考查虚拟语气。由主句谓语would have driven和时间状语last summer可知，if条件句表示对过去情况的虚拟，故用过去完成时。解题关键是弄清虚拟的时间。

7.  [2012·北京高考]We ________(face) the difficulty together, but why didn't you tell me?

答案：could have faced　考查虚拟语气。题干的意思是：“我们原本可以一起面对困难的，可是，你为什么不告诉我呢？”由but和didn't可知，此处是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的主句形式为could/would/should/might have done。

8. A sudden change in temperature tends________(bring) rain or snow.

答案：to bring　考查动词tend的用法。句意：天气骤变往往导致下雨或下雪。tend to do“往往会”。

9. With more forests________(destroy), huge quantities of good earth are being washed away.

答案：being destroyed　考查with复合结构。句意：随着更多森林被毁，每年有许多良田被冲走。forests与destroy之间是动宾关系，用被动形式。

10. [2013·长春检测]－How did it come________that you made such a silly mistake?

－I myself haven't figured it out yet. 

答案：about　考查动词短语。句意：——你怎么会犯这样一个愚蠢的错误？——我自己都还没搞清楚。come about发生。

[提升·实战能力]

Ⅴ. 完形填空

Pollution has been known to exist  for a very long time, and we know at least  since people__1__using fire thousands of years ago. It has seen the growth of truly global proportions only since the onset of the__2__   revolution  during the 19th century.

 Environmental pollution is a problem both in developed  and__3__countries. Factors  such as population__4__ and  urbanization  (城市化进程)  invariably  place  great demands on the __5__ and stretch the use of natural __6__ to the maximum.

Environmental pollution is causing a lot of distress not only to humans but also to __7__， driving many animal __8__ to endangerment and even__9__. The trans boundary nature of environmental pollution makes it even more difficult to manage－you cannot build stone walls along the __10__ of your country. Everything on our  planet is interconnected. And the nature supplies us with  valuable environmental services without__11__ we cannot exist. We all __12__ each other's actions and the way we treat natural resources.

 It's widely __13__ that we are hugely overspending our current  budget of natural resources－__14__ the existing rates of its exploitation, and there is no way for the environment to__15__ in good time and continue “performing” well __16__.

Perhaps we should __17__ a holistic view of nature－it is not an entity that exists separately from us; the nature is us, we are a(n) __18__ part of it, and we should ___19__ it in the most appropriate  manner.__20__ then can we possibly solve the problem of environmental pollution.

污染自从几千年前人类用火的时候就开始了，19世纪工业革命时期开始突出，污染是无国界的，我们要采取一种整体的观点去看待大自然。

1. A. finished   　　　　 　　　　 B. started  

C. stopped      D. avoided

答案：B　句意：我们知道污染存在已久，至少从人类几千年前开始使用火时。

2. A. industry              B. industrial

C. industrialism           D. industrious

答案：B　文中“工业革命”的正确表达为：industrial revolution。

3. A. developing       B. develops

C. poor                   D. rich

答案：A　根据常识，世界上的国家分为两类，一类是发达国家，一类是发展中国家。developing countries意为“发展中国家”。

4. A. rise           B. raise   

C. increase       D. growth

答案：D　名词短语“人口增长”有两种表达形式：population growth和an increase of population。

5. A. country        B. ground   

C. planet         D. space

答案：C　本句意为：诸如人口增长、城市化进程等因素在不同程度上对我们的星球提出了很多需求。planet意为“星球”，符合题意。

6. A. energy         B. resources

C. source        D. strength

答案：B　根据语境可知此处表示“对自然资源的使用拓展到最大程度”。resource“资源”。

7. A. animals        B. plants    

C. people         D. man

答案：A　考查句意理解。根据下句可知环境污染不仅给人类，也给动物带来了灾难，使很多动物处于危险之中，并且很多物种已经灭绝。

8. A. species         B. kinds    

C. groups        D. society

答案：A　根据英语表达习惯及本句句意可知species“物种”符合题意。

9. A. exist             B. existence

C. existing       D. extinction

答案：D　前面说“……使很多物种处于危险中”，然后用了even说明后果更加严重，故选extinction“灭绝”。

10. A. boundary     B. forest    

C. border        D. soil

答案：C　根据句意可知，环境污染的“无国界性”使它更加难以控制——你不可能在国家的边界建一道道石墙。border“边界，国界”，为正确选项。boundary“界限，分界线”，一般指在行政区域内而不是国与国之间的界限。

11. A. that           B. which   

C. /               D. where

答案：B　定语从句的引导词位于介词后时应用which。

12. A. take part in       B. attend to

C. look at              D. depend on

答案：D　上句说“自然提供给我们赖以生存的环境资源”，故此处表示“我们都互相依赖着彼此的行为和对待自然资源的方式”。depend on意为“依靠，依赖”，符合题意。

13. A. heard            B. recognized

C. reported           D. said

答案：B　句意：众所周知我们正过度挥霍大自然现有的资源。recognize意为“意识到”。

14. A. by             B. in         

C. with            D. at

答案：D　以……的速度、进度，用介词at。

15. A. recover       B. remove   

C. react           D. recreate

答案：A　没有方法使环境在短时间内恢复(recover)，并在将来继续运行良好。

16. A. nowadays        B. in the future

C. recently               D. at present

答案：B　由上题解析可知in the future“在将来”符合题意。

17. A. express      B. convey 

C. adopt          D. adapt

答案：C　本句意为：或许我们应该采取(adopt)一种整体的观点去看待大自然……

18. A. alienable           B. separated

C. inalienable            D. divided

答案：C　自然就是我们，我们是自然不可分割的一部分，所以应以最恰当的方式对待它。alienable意为“分开的，分离的”；inalienable意为“不可分离的”，符合题意。

19. A. care for            B. be careful

C. look out         D. take care

答案：A　 care for意为“照顾，照料”。其余三项均意为“小心”。

20. A. Until         B. Since    

C. Only           D. Till

答案：C　本句的语序为倒装语序。在英语中以“only＋状语”放在句子开头时，句子要使用倒装语序。

Ⅵ. 阅读理解

[2014·陕西高考]

本文是应用文。题材为社会热点。文章介绍了我们星球未来几十年可能要面对淡水资源危机，这标志着每个国家的自然资源将会比原来更重要。

1. According to the statistics, what is the world average of freshwater resources per person?

A. 244,973 cubic meters.

B. 241 cubic kilometers.

C. 3,642 cubic kilometers.

D. 6,122 cubic meters.

答案：D　细节理解题。从Freshwater resources，cubic meters per person及下面的内容可知，本题选择D项。

2. Which country or region has the most freshwater resources per year?

A. Guyana.   B. Brazil.

C. Iceland.   D. China.

答案：B　细节理解题。由图表可知，巴西每年的淡水资源是5,418立方千米。故选B项。D项仅为2,813立方千米；A、C项未在每年淡水资源最多的前五名中，故排除A、C两个选项。

3. Which country or region appears twice on the Top 5 lists?

A. Bhutan.   B. Seychelles.

C. Canada.   D. Suriname.

答案：D　细节理解题。从图表可知，只有Suriname出现过两次。第一次是森林覆盖率；第二次为人均淡水资源。故选D项。