中考英语语法讲解课件-句子结构

这是一份中考英语语法讲解课件-句子结构，共31页。PPT课件主要包含了第一讲 句子结构，主+谓+宾，并列句的分类，简单句，复合句，并列句 ，复合句 ，句子成分等内容，欢迎下载使用。
主语：一个句子所叙述的主体。 句子中的第一个名词或代词.
1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。e.g. He ften reads English in the mrning.Tm and Mike are American bys.She likes drawing and ften draws pictures fr the wall newspapers.
我们可以给句子的动词加上副词修饰，给名词加上形容词、介词短语修饰，给句子加上状语进行修饰等，以使整个句子的意思变得更加的丰富和充实。但不管如何变，都只有一个主谓结构。He wrked hard all his life. (划线部分在句中作状语，修饰动词wrked)He is a schl student in N. 1 Middle Schl. (划线部分在句中作定语，修饰名词student)
2) 并列句：句型：简单句+并列连词+简单句 并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。e.g. Yu help him and he helps yu.The future is bright; the rad is trtuus.
1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, nt nly…but als…, neither…nr…, then等连接。e.g. The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is Jhn.2、表示选择，常用的连词有r, either…r…, therwise等。 e.g. Hurry up, r yu’ll miss the train.
3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, yet, while, when等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way f making his classes lively and interesting.4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有s, fr, 等。e.g. August is the time f the year fr rive harvest, s every day I wrk frm dawn until dark.
3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。从句包括名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从 句、表语从句和同位语从句） 定语从句和状语从句等。句型主句+连词+从句；或连词+从句+主句e.g. The freign visitrs tk a lt f pictures when they were at the Great Wall.
复合句就是含有两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子。这种结构中，必定有一个主谓结构是句子的主句部分，而另一个主谓结构则是句子的次要部分，即从句部分。As is knwn t all, China is getting mre and mre pwerful. (As 引导一个定语从句)Where there is a will, there is a way. (Where引导一个表地点的状语从句)
Exercises 判断句型
1.Having finished his hmewrk, the by went n t help his mther.2. What he says desn’t suit what he des.
(简单句划线部分在句中作状语，修饰整个句子)
(复合句包含两个名词性从句：What he says 是一个主语从句；what he des 是一个宾语从句)
3. We ften study Chinese histry n Friday afternn.4. The by wh ffered me his seat is called Tm.5. There is a chair in this rm, isn’t there?
6. He is in Class One and I am in Class Tw.7. He was fnd f drawing when he was yet a child.8. My brther and I g t schl at half past seven in the mrning and cme back hme at seven in the evening.
9. Neither has he changed his mind, nr will he d s.10. What he said at the meeting is very imprtant, isn’t it?11. The farmer is shwing the by hw t plant a tree.12. Bth Tm and Jack enjy cuntry music.
Subject 主语 S 主语句子中表明动作执行者或谓语描述对象的名词、名词短语或代词
Predicate 谓语 V谓语修饰主语。包括动词、宾语或动词所支配的短语。如 Jane pened the dr.或 The child is very sleepy.
Object 宾语 O --- Predicative 表语 P宾语一个句子中接受动词的动作或受动词影响的名词或名词性词组系动词 ＋ 表语（名词/形容词）及物动词 ＋ 宾语（名词）
Attribute 定语 Attrib.定语指一个词或短语(多为形容词或名词词组)，在句法上从属于它所修饰的词或短语 如：my sister‘s brwn dgAdverbial 状语 adv.
Cmplement 补语 C补语跟在一个动词后的一个或几个单词共同组成的谓语结构 (多为不定式或介词短语)如： We like t eat ice cream.
Appsitive 同位语 同位语重复指代并进一步说明名词及名词性词语。由名词、名词性词语、从句等充当，放在被修饰词后。如： They all wrk hard. Jhn, a friend f hers, has gne.
句子成分(Members f Sentence)
句子基本结构(5种)1) 主语+谓语(S+V) Day dawns. 天亮了.
句子 (Sentence)
句子基本结构(5种)2) 主语+连系动词+表语(S+L+P) He is a prfessr. 他是一位教授.
句子基本结构(5种)3) 主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O) She understands French. 她懂法语.
句子基本结构(5种)4) 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO) He tld us the whle stry. 他把全部经过告诉了我们.