2019中考英语（新目标）教材梳理：八下 Unit2 知识点+练习(含答案）

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Unit2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.



重点
单词：
clean up; cheer; cheer up; give out; volunteer; come up with; put off; sign; notice; hand out; call up; used to; lonely; care for ; several; strong; feeling; satisfaction; joy; owner; try out; journey ;interest; sir; madam
词组：
clean up; cheer up; give out; come up with; put off; hand out; used to; care for;try out be interested in; be good at
句型：
1) The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up.[来源:学科网]
2) The boy could give out food at the food bank.
3) We need to come up with a plan to tell people about the city park clean-up.
4）He volunteers at an animal hospital every Saturday morning.
5) I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animals get better and the look of joy on their owners’ faces.
6）Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
7) I’m interested…
难点
学会提供帮助的基本句型
掌握和运用动词不定式的用法
运用所学的语言知识来写一封简短的信，表达自己想做什么样的志愿活动，以及做些活动的原因及自己的一些想法。
易错点
动词不定式的用法
高频考点
提供帮助的基本句型
动词不定式的用法



clean up 打扫（或清除）干净
cheer v.欢呼；喝彩
cheer up（使）变得更高兴；振奋起来
give out 分发；散发
volunteer v.义务做；自愿做；n.志愿者
come up with 想出；提出（主意、计划回答等）
put off 推迟
sign n.标志；信号
notice n.通知；通告；注意；
v.注意到；意识到
hand out 分发
call uo 打电话给（某人）；征召
used to 曾经……；过去……
lonely adj.孤独的；寂寞的
care for 照顾，非常喜欢
several pron.几个；数个；一些
strong adj.强烈的；强壮的
feeling n.感觉；感触
satisfaction n.满足；，满意
joy n.高兴；愉快
owner n.物主；主人
try out 参加……选拔；试用
journey n.（由指长途）旅行；行程
raise v.募集；征集
alone adv.独自；单独
repair v.修理；修补
fix v.修理；安装
fix up 修理；装饰
give away 赠送；捐赠
take after （外貌或行为）像
broken adj.破损的；残缺的
wheel n.车轮；车子
letter n.信；函
Miss n.女士；小姐
set up 建起；设立
disabled adj.丧失能力的；有残疾的
make a difference 影响；有作用
blind adj.瞎的；失明的
deaf adj.聋的
imagine v.想象；设想
difficulty n.困难；难题
open v.开；打开
door n.门
carry v.拿；提；扛
train v.训练；培训
excited adj.激动的；兴奋的
training n.训练；培训
kindness仁慈；善良
clever聪明的；聪颖的
understand理解；领会
change变化；改变
interest兴趣；关注
sir n.先生（用于正式信函中对不知名的男性收信人的称呼时）
madam n. 夫人；女士（用于正式信函中对不知名的女性收信人的称呼时）
Mario 马里奥（男名）
Jimmy 吉米（男名）




第一部分：词汇精讲
1. clean up
You could help clean up the city parks.你可以帮着打扫城市公园。
◎clean up意为““清除、除去（垃圾、污物）等，使地方干净”，up为副词，此短语是动副型短语，如果宾语为代词，应放在短语中间；如果宾语是名词，可放于短语之间或两词之后。例如：
Please clean up this street at once. 请马上把这条街打扫干净。
This street is dirty. Please clean it up. 这条街道太脏了，请把它打扫干净。
◎clean up还可以表示“挣得，赢得（多少钱）”。
He cleaned up a small fortune. 他发了一笔小财。
【提示】
◎clean oneself up意为“洗干净”。
Your hands are dirty, you’d better clean yourself up.
你的手脏了，你应该洗洗它们。
2. cheer up
He looks sad. Let’s cheer him up.他看上去很伤心。我们去帮他振作起来吧。
cheer up意为“变得高兴，振奋起来”，是“动词+副词”结构的短语。cheer up既可作及物动词短语，也可作不及物动词短语。例如：
He cheered up at once when I agreed to help him. 我同意帮助他时，他马上高兴起来。
Cheer up! The news isn’t too bad. 振作起来！这消息不是太坏。
He took her to the cinema to cheer her up. 为了让她高兴，他带她去了电影院。
【拓展】
(1) cheer作不及物动词，意为“欢呼；喝彩”。例如：
The girls cheered as the famous singer arrived. 当这位著名的歌手到达时，女孩子们大声欢呼。
(2) cheer作及物动词，意为“为……欢呼，高呼”。例如：
The whole village turned out to cheer the hero. 全村人都出来向那位英雄欢呼。
(3) cheer作可数名词，意为“欢呼声；喝彩声”。例如：
We can hear the cheers of students outside the gym. 我们在体育场外就能听到学生的欢呼声。
(4) cheer on意为“为……加油”。例如：
We will have a basketball game this afternoon. Would you like to come and cheer us on?
我们今天下午有一场篮球比赛，你愿意来为我们加油吗？
3. give out
give out意为“散发；分发”，相当于hand out，是“动词 + 副词”结构的短语动词。例如：
Can you give the drinks out, please? 请你分发一下饮料好吗？
【拓展】give out的不同含义：
(1) give out表示“发出（光、热、声音、气味等）。”例如：
The sun gives out light and heat to the earth. 太阳给大地光和热。
(2) give out表示“用完；耗尽”。例如：
Our food supplies began to give out. 我们存的粮食要吃完了。
4. put off
put off意为“推迟”，是“动词 + 副词”结构的短语动词，其后可跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。例如：
They put off the match because of the heavy rain. 因为大雨他们推迟了比赛。
Please don’t put off doing your homework. 请你们不要拖延做作业。
Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. 今天的事不要拖到明天办。
【拓展】由put构成的常用短语有：
put away将……收起来 put on穿上；上演 put down放下，记下
put out熄灭；伸出 put back放回原处 put up张贴；搭建
5. notice
notice在课文中作可数名词，意为“公告牌；布告”。例如：
There is a notice on the wall, saying “No Parking”.墙上的告示上写着“禁止停车”。
I’ll put up a notice about the meeting. 我将会贴一张会议通告。
【拓展】
(1) notice作不可数名词，意为“注意”。例如：
Take notice of what they say. 注意听他们说。
(2) notice作动词，意为“注意到，留心，看到”。例如：
Did you notice Jack come in? 你注意到杰克进来了吗？
Did you notice his hand shaking? 你注意到他的手在抖吗？
(3) notice sb. do sth. 注意到某人做过某事（当时动作已经发生过）
notice sb. doing sth.注意到某人正在做某事（当时动作正在进行）
notice sth. done 看到某事已经完成（被做完）
类似用法的词还有hear /watch 等
6. lonely
lonely表示“寂寞的，孤寂的”，带有较强感情色彩，可用作表语或定语；表示“荒凉的，偏僻的”，用来说明地方，多用作定语。
When his wife died, he was very lonely. 太太死后他非常孤独。
The old man lived in the lonely mountain village. 那个老人住在荒凉的山村。
【拓展】lonely与alone的辨析：
lonely作形容词，意为“（人）孤单的，寂寞的”，它更强调一种主观的感觉；
alone作形容词和副词，意为“独自的（地），单独的（地）”，它更强调一种客观情况。alone作形容词，在句中只用作表语。例如：
Don’t leave me alone. I will feel lonely. 别留下我一个人，我会觉得孤单的。
7. raise /reiz/
raise是及物动词，意为“筹集”。常用短语：raise sth. for sb./ sth.意为“为某人/物 而筹集……”。
例如：
We raise money for Hope Project. 我们为希望工程筹钱。
【拓展】
(1) raise作及物动词，意为“提升，举起，升起”。例如：
raise one’s hand举手
raise one’s glasses to sb. 举杯祝福某人
raise prices涨价
(2) raise作及物动词，还可意为“种植；饲养；培养；抚养”。例如：
Their family raised much corn. 他们家种了很多玉米。
8. repair
repair是及物动词，意为“修理；修补；修缮（房屋等）”。例如：
He repairs old furniture. 他修理旧家具。
【拓展】repair, mend与fix的辨析
repair
比fix或mend正式，常用来表示修补破损或有洞的东西。
Mary repaired the radio just for the fun of it. 玛丽修理收音机只是围栏消遣。
mend
着重指修补衣服上的洞，道路，屋顶或围栏等。
My mother mended clothes for me yesterday. 昨天我妈妈为我缝补衣服。
fix
侧重于“安装”，有时也可用作“修理”，常用来指修理机器、车辆等。
The workers are fixing the machine. 工人们在安装机器。

【提示】如果fix up的宾语是“人”的话，则构成fix sb up with sth句型，表示“为某人安排某件事，向某人提供某物”。
I’ll fix you up with a place to stay. 我来给你安排住处。
9. imagine
imagine是动词，意为“想象，推测”，后面可接名词、代词、宾语从句、复合宾语，常用于结构：imagine + doing sth.或者imagine + one's doing sth. 想象做某事。例如：
We can’t imagine what China will be like in the future. 我们无法想象将来中国是什么样子。
I can’t imagine leaving all my friends. 我无法想象离开我所有的朋友。
No one can imagine what would happen next. 没有人能想象出下一步会发生什么。
【注意】
如果用imagine oneself，则后边用 to do sth.
Can you imagine yourself to live with such a boring man?
10.give away 意思是“捐赠，赠送”
give sth away 意思是“捐赠，赠送”。
The rich man gave away most of his money to charity.
那个富人把他的大部分钱都捐给了慈善事业。
【拓展】
◎give away还可以表示“分发或赠与某物，由于大意而未利用或抓住（时机，机会等）”。
The headmaster gave away the prizes at the school sports day. 校长在学校运动会上颁发了奖品。
◎give away还可以表示“有意或无意地泄露某事情或出卖某人”。
The woman gave away state secrets to the enemy. 那个妇女把国家机密泄露给了敌人。
11. interest兴趣, 关心, 重要性, 影响, 利息,利益, 利害；使发生兴趣，引起...的注意
1.interest用作不可数名词时意为“兴趣, 关心, 重要性, 影响, 利息,利益, 利害”。用作动词时意为“使发生兴趣，引起...的注意”，其主语多为事或物。
e.g.：I have no interest in your plan。我对你的计划没有兴趣。
The film can’t interest me。这个电影引不起我的兴趣。
2.interesting 形容词 主语通常是物。可以作表语，也可以作定语。
eg：①.The book is very interesting. 这本书很有趣．（表语）
②.The story sounds interesting. 这个故事听起来很有趣．（表语）
③.That is an interesting film. 那是一部有趣的电影．（定语）
④.This is an interesting book。 这是本有趣的书。 （定语）
3.interested 形容词 意为“感兴趣的”；“对……感兴趣”，主语通常是人，且多用于be / get / feel / become interested in结构中。
a. be interested in sth.对某事感兴趣
b. be interested in doing sth. 对做某事感兴趣
eg：He is interested in the film。 他对这部电影感兴趣。
I am interested in English. 我对英语感兴趣．
He is interested in playing football. 他对踢足球感兴趣．
12.change  
vt.(使)改变；变换；改革；更改
Flyovers have changed the face of the city. 立交桥改变了城市的面貌。
更换；替换：
She changed her clothes rapidly. 她迅速地更换了衣服。
交换；调换：
He went back to the shop and changed that shirt for a larger one.
他返回商店把那件衬衣调换成一件大一些的。
He changes letters with a foreign friend.他与一位外国朋友通信。
兑换，把…换成：
He changed a five-dollar bill for five single ones.他把一张5美元的钞票兑换成5张一美元的钞票。
I changed my dollars into francs. 我把我的美元换成了法郎。
13.ill & sick
◆相同点
ill 与sick 都可以表示“生病的”，都可作表语。如：
Alice was ill / sick yesterday.
◆不同点
表示“生病”时，sick 可作定语，但ill 通常不作定语。如：
Could you help the sick girl?
【运用】根据句意，用ill或sick填空。
(1) The driver sent the ________ baby to the hospital. (sick)
(2) My brother is ________. I have to look after him at home. (ill / sick)
14. volunteer v. 义务劳动，自愿做；n.志愿者
volunteer to do sth. 义务自愿做某事
Many people volunteer to work on the farm. 很多人志愿到农场去工作。
词汇精练
I. 英汉互译。
1. 打扫干净____________________ 2. cheer up____________________
3. used to do sth. ____________________ 4. make a difference ____________________
5. come up with ____________________ 6. 用光，用完____________________
7. put off____________________ 8. 帮助某人做某事____________________
9. give up ____________________ 10. 张贴____________________
II. 根据句意及首字母和汉语提示写出所缺单词。
1. The old man lived a______________ after his wife died. He felt very lonely.
2. My younger sister looks very sad. Let’s go and c______________ her up.
3. My uncle has a large house and he is the o______________ of the house.
4. They held a concert to r______________ money for Project Hope.
5. She wants to he a ______________(志愿者).
6. There are ______________(几个) girls in the room. They are talking about the vacation plans.
7. They have a strong feeling of ______________(满足).
8. — My alarm clock doesn’t work. Who can help me r______________ it?
— You can ask Tony for help.
9. Please o______________ the window and let the fresh air in.
10. I can’t ______________(想象) what the future life is like.
III. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. Staying with animals often gives me a ______________(feel) of fear.
2. Tom is the ______________(own) of the car. He has had it for two months.
3. He smiled in ______________(satisfied) when he won the game.
4. The players are in ______________(train) for the next flight.
5. Everybody felt ______________(excite) when they heard of the good news.
6. She had ______________(difficult) finding the way to the museum.
7. Everybody should try to help the ______________(disable).
8. I will never forget your ______________(kind).
IV．听力链接。
（2018江西省中考）
请听下面 4段对话和1段独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卷上将该项涂黑。听每段对话或独白前你都将有30秒钟的时间阅读各小题。每段对话或独白读两遍。
请听第1段对话，回答第6至第7小题。
6. What are they going to do together?
   A. Have violin lessons.        B. Play tennis.           C. Watch movies.
7. What time will they meet?
   A. At 5:30.                  B. At 6:30.              C. At 7:30.
请听第2段对话，回答第8至第9小题。
8. Where does the conversation probably take place?
   A. In a bank.                B. In a restaurant.         C. In a post office.
9. How much should the man pay?
A. $2.                     B.$3.                  C. $5.
参考答案
I. 英汉互译。
1. clean up 2. 变得高兴；振奋起来 3. 过去常常做某事 4. 影响；有作用
5. 想出 6. run out of 7. 推迟 8. help sb. (to) do sth. 9. 放弃 10. put up
II. 根据句意及首字母和汉语提示写出所缺单词。
1. alone 2. cheer 3. owner 4. raise 5. volunteer 6. several 7. satisfaction
8. repair 9. open 10. imagine
III. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. feeling 2. owner 3. satisfaction 4. training 5. excited
6. difficulty 7. disabled 8. kindness
IV．听力链接。
听力材料及答案
6. B 7. C 8. B 9. C
听力原文：
请听第1段对话，回答第6至第7小题。
M: Do you want to play tennis in the park later, Betty?
W: That sounds good. What time do you want to meet?
M: Well, is 6:30 OK for you?
W: I’m afraid not. My violin lesson finishes at 6:30.
M: That’s not a problem. Let’s meet at the tennis courts at 7:30, then.
W: OK, see you there.
请听第2段对话，回答第8至第9小题。
W: Next please. What can I get you?
M: Hi, I’d like a hot dog, please.
W: OK. Anything else?
M: Can I have a cola, please?
W: Sure. Here’s your hot dog... And your cola.
M: Thanks. How much are they?
W: A cola for $3 and a hot dog for $2, please.
M: OK. Here’s the money.
W: Thank you. Here’s your change.
M: Thanks. Bye.
第二部分：句式精讲
1. They told me stories about the past and how things used to be.
used to do sth.是一个固定结构，意思是“过去经常做某事”，后面用动词原形，表示过去的某种经常性、习惯性的行为或者动作，并意味着这种动作目前已经不存在。
◎肯定句：I used to play with my friends after school. 过去放学后我常常和朋友们一起玩。
◎否定句：You didn’t use to like pop songs.=You usedn’t to like pop songs.
你过去不喜欢流行歌曲。
◎一般疑问句：Did your sister use to be quiet? = Used your sister to be quiet?
你的妹妹过去常常是很安静吗？
◎there be句式：There used to be a lot of fishes in this river. 过去这条小河常常有许多鱼。
【拓展】
(1) be used to do something意思是“被用来做某事”，是动词短语use …to do的被动语态结构。例如：
Knives are used to cut things.小刀是用来切东西的。
(2) be used to doing something意思是“习惯于做某事”，to后接动词-ing形式。例如：
My father is used to living in the village. 我爸爸习惯于住在小山村。
2. I take after my mother.
take after意为“像……；与……相像”，指由于血缘关系而（在外貌、性格等方面）相似；相当于be similar to，其中after是介词，其后常接名词或代词。例如：
Your daughter doesn’t take after you at all. 你女儿长得一点都不像你。
【拓展】
(1) look like意为“看上去像……”，多指外貌。例如：
You look like my brother. 你和我弟弟长得像。
(2) be like意为“像……”，可指外貌，也可指性格。例如：
What is your sister like? 你妹妹的性格怎么样？
3. I’ve run out of it.
(1) run out of意为“用完，用尽”，相当于use up。例如：
We have run out of paper.我们的纸用完了。
(2) run out“用完了”，是不及物动词短语，其主语通常为表示“时间、食物、金钱等”词；而run out of意为“用完了”，是及物动词短语，表示主动含义，主语一般是人。例如：
◎His money soon ran out. 他的钱很快就花完了。
◎You’d better go home before your money runs out. 你最好别等钱花光再回家。
◎We ran out of coal, and had to burn wood. 我们的煤用光了，只好烧柴。
4. Lucky makes a big difference to my life.
make a difference to 意为“（对……）产生影响”。difference前面可加修饰词，如big, great等；to是介词，其后可接名词、代词或动名词。例如：
◎Education can make a big difference to the quality of a person’s life.教育对一个人的生活质量有很大影响。
◎The accident has made a great difference to his life. 这次事故对他的人生产生了重大影响。
◎One false step will make a great difference. 失之毫厘，谬以千里。
【拓展】make no difference to意为“对……没有影响”。例如：
It makes no difference to me. 这对我没什么影响。
5. I was excited about the idea of having a dog.
excited adj. 激动的；兴奋的
be excited about意为“对……感到兴奋、激动”。例如：
I was excited about going to the zoo. 去动物园令我兴奋。
【拓展】
be excited to do sth. 意为“对做某事感到兴奋”。例如：
Jack was excited to travel there by plane. 杰克对于乘飞机去那里旅行感到很兴奋。
【辨析】：exciting 与excited
exciting 意为“另人兴奋的”，常用于修饰事物； excited 意为“激动的”，人作主语。
e.g. The boy was too excited to go to sleep. 小男孩太兴奋了，以至于不能入睡。
I have some exciting news for you. 我告诉你一些另人兴奋的消息。
6. I’m sure you know that this group was set up to help disabled people like me.
【解析1】set up 建起；设立
e.g. Let’s set up our tent by the river. 我们在河边搭建帐篷吧。
【解析2】disabled adj. 丧失能力的；有残疾的
dis (否定前缀) +able (能够)=disabled
e.g. He was disabled in the accident.他在事故中残疾了。
7. . …but many people have these difficulties
difficulty n. 困难；难题 difficult adj. 困难的 difficulty n.
e.g. When you’re in difficulty, ask me for difficulty.
当你遇到困难时，向我求助。
8. She talked to Animal Helpers about getting me a special trained dog.
train. 火车；行列；长队；裙裾
v. 培养；训练；瞄准
e.g They made the station in time to catch the train. 他们及时到达车站，赶上了那班火车。
This train conveys over one thousand passengers every day. 这列火车每天运送一千多位旅客。
We have been technically trained.我们已经经过技术培训了。
training n. 训练；培训 trained训练过的；受过培训的
9.This volunteer work takes each of them several hours a week, so it is a major commitment.这份义工每周花了他们每个人好几个小时的时间，所以这是一个重大的贡献。
each of them是指“他们中的每一个”。如果做主语，则谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
【拓展】
each与every的用法
◎each指一个整体中的每一个，强调个体；every着重于全体的总和，强调整体。试比较：
Each has a different book. （强调各有不同。）
Here every child at the age of six can go to school. （侧重整体，无一例外。）
◎each可作形容词及代词，而every只能作形容词，但可与-one，-body，-thing等构成复合代词。
◎each用在代词或复数名词前要用介词of连接，如each of them, each of the boys;
every不能直接跟of连接，如不可以说every of them，而要说every one of them或each of them。
◎every还可以表示“每隔”，后接基数词加名词，如every four weeks, every three months等，此种结构中的every不能用each代替。
She had a rest every fives minutes. 她每隔5分钟就休息一会儿。
【魔力纠错】
道两旁有许多商店。
误：There are many shops on every side of the street.
正：There are many shops on each side of the street.
【魔力解析】 each可以用来指两个或两个以上的人或物，但是every却总是指三个或三个以上的人或物，不能指两者。
句式精练
I. 根据汉语提示，完成英语句子（每空一词）。
1. 你可以帮助打扫城市公园。
You _____________ _____________ _____________ clean up the city parks.
2. 我希望你的梦想能够实现。
I hope your dream can _____________ _____________.
3. 谢谢你帮我做家务。
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ me with housework.
4. Lily说她有能力自己完成这项工作。
Lily said that she _____________ _____________ _____________ finish the work by herself.
5. 我的观点和你的相似。
My opinions are _____________ _____________ yours.
6. 那位教授对我的生活产生了影响。
The professor _____________ _____________ _____________ to my life.
7. 我们得尽力使他振作起来。
We should try to _____________ _____________ _____________.
8. 你认为他会把钱花光吗？
Do you think that he will _____________ _____________ _____________ all the money?
II. 根据要求完成下列各题。
1. He used to live in Beijing. (改为一般疑问句)
_____________ he _____________ _____________ live in Beijing?
2. They made a decision to travel abroad. (改为同义句)
They _____________ _____________ travel abroad.
3. I hope I can pass the exam. (改为同义句)
I _____________ _____________ _____________ the exam.
4. could, help, clean, you, city, up, parks, to, the(连词成句)
________________________________________________________
5. He doesn’t know when he should go there. (改为同义句)
He doesn’t know _____________ _____________ go there.
6. The writer became famous when he was twenty-four years old.
The writer became famous _____________ _____________ _____________ of twenty-four.
7. Please tell me how I can use the camera. (改为同义句)
Please tell me _____________ _____________ _____________ the camera.
8. Can you care for my pet while I am away?
Can you _____________ _____________ _____________ my pet while I am away?
III. 补全对话。
（2017年长沙市中考）
A: Hey, Frank, 1.________________________?
B: Pretty good.
A: Did you have fun last weekend?
B: 2. _______________. I went to the old people’s house with my friends and have a good time
A: Wow, What did you do there?
B: We helped the old clean their houses and chatted with them. How about you?
A: I just read a science magazine.
B: Oh, really? 3. _____________________?
A: Hum… it is about the main cause of smog (雾霭) and ways to beat it.
B：Great! But 4 ?
A: We can live a greener life by using cleaner energy to solve the problem, I think. B: You do?
A: Yes, natural gas is a good choice. By the way，5. _________________________?
B: It’s 7:45 now.
A: Oh, God. Hurry up or we’ll be late.
B: OK.
参考答案
I. 根据汉语提示，完成英语句子（每空一词）。
1. can/could help to 2. come true 3. Thank you for helping 4. was able to 5. similar to
6. make a difference 7. cheer him up 8. run out of
II. 根据要求完成下列各题。
1. Did; use to 2. decided to 3. hope to pass 4. Could you help to clean up the city parks?
5. when to 6. at the age 7. how to use 8. take care of
III. 补全对话。
1. How is it going?
2. Yes, we did.
3. What is it about?
4. How to live a greener life? / How can we live a greener life?
5. What time is it now? / What’s the time now?
第三部分：语法点拨
动词不定式用法小结：
A. 作主语——为避免句子的头重脚轻，常用it作为形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式后置。
常用句型：It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth./It takes sb. some time to do sth.
B. 作宾语——动词want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare…常接动词不定式作宾语。
C.作（后置）定语—常用于“have/has＋sth.＋to do”或“enough＋名＋to do”“It’s time to do sth.”等结构中。
D. 作宾语补足语——tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，构成tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.结构。
【注意】动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to：“一感(feel)，二听(listen to, hear)，三让(let, make, have,，四看(look at, see, watch, notice)，半帮助(help)”。
E. 动词不定式作状语
主要用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因。为了强调目的，有时可以把动词不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加in order (to) 或so as (to) “为了，目的是”。常用结构有too + adj./adv. + to do sth.等。
F. 固定句式中动词不定式的用法
常见的有：had better (not) do sth./Would you like to do sth.?/Why not do sth.?/
Would you please (not) do sth.?等。
1.need to do sth. 需要做某事 2.make plans to do sth. 制订计划做某事
3.ask sb.（not） to do sth. 要求某人（不要）做 4.used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
5.give up+时间+to do sth. 放弃时间去做某事 6.get a feeling of… 有……感觉
7.decide to do sth.决定做某事 8.help sb. （to） do sth. 帮助某人做某事
9.make a difference to 对……产生影响 10.make it possible for sb. to do sth. 使得做某事对
【词汇篇】
例1.（★★★）
1. (owner/own) My mother asked me to wash my _____ clothes.
Who is the ______ of the new bike?
2. (train/training) If you _____ hard, you’ll be a good soccer player.
These dogs go to special schools for ________.
3. (alone/ lonely) It’s dangerous for a girl to go out ______ at night.
The old woman lives by herself, she feels very ______.
4. (exciting/excited) I think skiing is more ________ than skating.
The children were _______ about opening the presents.
5. (sick / ill) A ____ man has not much taste for food.
Miss Lee was ___, so Mr Smith went instead.
6. (blind/deaf) A _____ man is sometimes guided by a dog.
The old woman was ____ in one ear.
7. (fix/repair) My father wanted to ____ a shelf on the wall.
We have nobody on hand to _______ your car.
8. (give away/give out) Please help me ________ these test papers.
She _________ all her money to the poor.
9. (difficult/difficulty) She find it _________ to find a job in the city.
You can ask your teacher for help if you are in any __________.
【考点】课本词汇灵活运用。
【解析】首先根据空前后的词判断所填空的词性，然后根据句意选择合适的词汇及正确形式。
【答案】 1.own，owner 2.train，training 3.alone，loney 4.exciting，excited
5.sick，ill 6.blind，deaf 7. fix，repair 8.give out，give away 9.difficult，difficulty
例2.（★★）
翻译词组
1. 打扫 ________
2. 分发 ________
3. 曾经 _______
4. （使）变得高兴 ________
5. 义务做某事 _________________
6. 大打扫日 ______________
7. 想出主意（办法）____________
用所给词的正确形式填空
1. My brother wants _______ (be) a pilot.
2. You’ll never learn ________ (ride) a bike if you don’t practice.
3. Mike taught his grandpa how________ (use) the computer.
4. Mr. Smith helped the young man _______ (find) a job.
5. The students decided ________ (work) out the problem by themselves.
6. He volunteers ________ (work) on the farm.
【考点】课本词汇灵活运用。
【解析】首先根据空前后的词判断所填空的词性，然后根据句意选择合适的词汇及正确形式。
【答案】clean up, give out, used to, cheer up, volunteer to do sth. Clean-Up Day, come up with
to be, to ride, to use, to find, to work, to work

【句型语法篇】
例3（★★★）
用所给词的正确形式填空。
1. He made me __ (tell) him all the things.
2. Please remember ______ (water) the plants while I’m away.
3. Let’s (watch) a talk show.
4. What can you expect (learn) from the news?
5. My parents want me _____ (be) a doctor.
6. I’d like _______ (watch) cartoons at home.
7. Who will _______________ (自愿读) these words for us?
8. The girl often _____ her mother ______ the dishes (帮妈妈洗餐具) on weekends.
9. We ______her ________ (邀请来) to our party.
10. The old man had ______________ (无事可做) every day.
【考点】本单元重点句型和语法考查
【解析】掌握动词的固定搭配及根据句意选择合适的连词和时态。
【答案】tell, to water, watch, to learn, to be, to watch， volunteer to read,
helps / do, asked / to come, nothing to do
【能力篇】
例4.（★★★）2012年中考模拟题
完形填空
I can't remember clearly when I started collecting litter.But it was when I got tired of seeing litter here and there and realized that __26__ was going to pick it up.
I lived close to a forest(森林)in Ohio, America.I could walk there only in three__27__！I used to__28__going there to play with my dog.But one day I found there was__29__litter there that I became very unhappy.So I made decisions to clean up the forest.I made my first trip to clean the forest that afternoon.I took a big black __30__with me.After ten minutes' work, my bag was __31__！There were cans, bottles, newspapers and fruit peels in it.
Since the first trip, I went to the forest four times a month to pick up litter.I often stayed there for three hours.It made me feel __32__ to do something for the environment.After each trip, I made a careful check of all the litter I had found.If any of it was recyclable (可回收利用的), I would __33__it.
I can't understand __34__people drop litter.But I will keep picking it up until they __35__dropping it.I know I am only doing a little bit to save the earth, but still think it is important.
26．A.no one else B．else no one C.someone else D.anyone else
27．A.hours B．weeks C．days D．minutes
28．A.want B．hope C．love D．hate
29．A.so many B．too much C．so much D．much too
30．A.map B．football C．bag D．box
31．A.broken B．old C．empty D．full
32．A.great B．worried C．annoyed D．surprised
33．A.keep B．drop C．buy D．eat
34．A.how B．why C．when D．where
35．A.stop B．begin C．remember D．forget
Ⅴ. 26-35 ADCCC DAABA
课后作业
Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.
综合能力演练

I. 单项选择。
1．The women in red _______ a teacher. She works in a hospital now.
A. used to be B. is used to be C. was used to be D. is
2．— Would you please help me _______，Wang Fei? This question’s too hard for me．
— OK．Let me try．
A．after B．up C．out D．with
3．Don’t shout at him．He is unable to hear you because he is _______．
A．blind B．deaf C．hurt D．burnt
4．Linda is _______ her mother in many ways．For example，they are both tall and thin．
A．similar to B．kind to C．friendly to D．different from
5．We all felt nervous when our teacher _______ the test papers to us．
A．waited for B．heard from C．gave out D．dealt with
6．_______ did Ma Ya and Li Qin watch the film，_______ I watched it．
A．Either；or B．Neither；nor C．Both；and D．Not only；but also
7．The old man lives _______, but he doesn’t feel _______.
A. alone; alone B. lonely; lonely C. lonely; alone D. alone; lonely
8．Lisa，please go to the study and _______ me that book．
A．take B．pass C．fetch D．carry
9．— Natalia Partyka has just beaten Li Jiawei!
— It’s hard to _______ a girl with only one arm can play ping-pong so well．
A．imagine B．realize C．know D．find
10．My grandparents’ clock doesn’t work．I’m trying to find a repairman who can _______ for them．
A．fix it up B．fix up it C．put up it D．put it up
11．—I have _______ red ink．Can you lend me some?
—Sure．Here you are．
A．paid for B．come up with C．cleaned up D．run out of
12．This big bag is too heavy for the little boy _______．Who volunteers to help him?
A．carries B．carrying C．carried D．to carry
13．It’s too late for school．I don’t know _______．
A．what to do that B．how to do C．what to do D．how to do it
14．The window is broken．Please _______ who broke it．
A．looked B．found C．find out D．look at
15．— Could you please help me carry the box?
— _______．
A．Thank you B．With pleasure C．It doesn’t matter D．That’s all right
[真题链接]
1. Li Ming used_______ on the right in China, but he soon got used _____ on the left in England. （2017年湖北省孝感市中考）
A. to drive; to drive B. driving; driving
C. to driving; to drive D. to drive; to driving
2.—What should we do for the disabled children in the Children’s Home? （2017年湖北省黄冈市中考）
—You’re supposed to a study group to help them.
A. take up B. fix up C. set up D. stay up
3. They heard the party was because of the exam. （2017年山东青岛市中考）
A. put on B. put up C. put off D. put down
II. 完形填空。
Bill，a thirteen-year-old boy，thought he had grown up to be a man．But his parents told him，“ You won’t be a real man until you begin to 1 helping others．”
One morning，his parents gave him some money to 2 some milk for them．Outside a shop he saw a homeless old man who looked very 3 ．Bill went to him and asked，“What’s wrong with you?”
The old man answered，“I’m hungry．I haven’t had any food for two days．”
All the thought of his parents’ words，Bill said to the old man，“Let’s go to the 4 .”
When they got there，Bill asked the waiter to bring out bread and coffee to the old man．The old man finished the meal quickly．After the waiter 5 the plate and the cup，the old man said，“Sorry for give you too much 6 ．I’m fine now．I’ll 7 forget your kindness! You are a very good young man”
Bill was 8 when he heard this．Just when he wanted to pay for the meal，the waiter came．Bill and the old man learned 9 that he food was free 10 it was the birthday of the boss，and they were the first customer(顾客) that day．
1．A．think about B．depend on C．give up D．go on
2．A．lend B．buy C．drink D．borrow
3．A．afraid B．glad C．sick D．angry
4．A．bank B．library C．hospital D．restaurant
5．A．sent out B．got down C．gave back D．took away
6．A．excuse B．advice C．trouble D．difficulty
7．A．never B．always C．usually D．sometimes
8．A．nervous B．pleased C．sorry D．shy
9．A．in surprise B．as usual C．once again D．at first
10．A．when B．until C．unless D．because
III. 阅读理解。
A
Li Ruyan, 13 and his classmates in Shanghai did something special last summer. They worked in groups with traffic police at different crossroads in the city. Holding small red flags, the students helped keep order and stopped people from jaywalking(乱穿马路).
As part of the school project, Li’s school has encouraged its students to do more community(社区)work.
After the half day of exhausting work Li told himself not to jaywalk anymore. “I think through community work we get to help others and, more importantly, we grow a sense of responsibility(责任感),” he said.
Community service is an important part of education for teenagers around the world.
In the US and Canada, high school students need to finish 40 hours of community service before graduation. For those Americans who have finished 1,400 hours of community work, they can be awarded nearly $ 5, 000(33, 000 yuan).
Chinese students today do more community work, too. For example, starting from 2010, Sichuan high school students have been asked to do 10 days of community work. It will become part of their school grade.
Qian Lijun, 16, and her classmates in Suzhou, Jiangsu went to a local elder care home this winter. They put Spring Festival couplets (对联) on the walls and cheered up the people living there.
Li Xiaotian, 15, of Anshan said he used to clear flyers (小广告) from telephone poles (电线杆) with his classmates. They brought tools, towels and buckets and worked for three hours under the summer sun. “It was tiring, but seeing the clean poles without ugly ads — we really felt proud,” he said.
1. What was the special thing Li Ruyan did last summer?
A. He joined a special group of Class13.
B. He became a policeman.
C. He helped the traffic police at a crossroad.
D. He stopped people from talking.
2. From this passage we know that _______.
A. Li Ruyan’s school is in the middle of a big city.
B. Li Ruyan and his classmates do some community work every day.
C. Ruyan and his classmates often hold small flags when they cross the roads.
D. Ruyan and his classmates think it is good for them to do some community work.
3. Community service ______
A. has become a very important part of education only in China.
B. is very important in school education in some foreign countries.
C. is the only part of the school project for teenagers around the world.
D. needs students to finish at least 1,000 hours of community work.
4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. The students in Shanghai helped people to keep the traffic rules.
B. The students in Suzhou visited the old people’s home.
C. The students in Anshan cleaned the walls under the summer sun.
D. The students in Sichuan sent Spring Festival couplets to the old people.
5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Community service helps students grow a sense of responsibility.
B. Through community work students get to help others and learn something.
C. Students are now encouraged to do more community work in many school in China.
D. Students will be awarded much money for doing more community work in Canada and the US.
B
I and many other people in Britain love charity(慈善) shops because we can find them on every street. The charity shops sell all kinds of things and they are very cheap.
The first charity shop was opened by Oxfam in 1947. Now there are over 7,000 charity shops in the UK. My favorite charity shop in my hometown is the Red Cross Shop. There I always find children’s books, all 10 to 20 pence each. They are really cheap.
Most of the shop workers in charity shops are volunteers, _________ each shop has a manager and he gets some money. Every morning you see hags of things outside the shops. Some people bring and put them there without waiting for thanks. In fact, over 90% of the things in charity shops are from kind people.
All the money the shops get goes to charity work. Charity shops raise more than 110 million pounds every year. The money is for sick and poor children, homeless and disabled people, and many others. In a charity shop you can get cheap but nice things. You might even feel special while shopping.
If possible, let’s do something for charity together.
6. What do the charity shops sell?
__________________________________________________________
7. 从短文中找出可以替换下面句子的一句话。
Oxfam opened the first charity shop in 1947.
__________________________________________________________
8. 在短文第三段的空白处填入一个适当的连词，使句意完整通顺。
9. How much do charity shops raise every year?
__________________________________________________________
10. 将短文划线部分（第五段）的英语句子译成汉语。
__________________________________________________________
C
（2017年重庆市中考）
In April this year, lots of bags full of small change(零钱) were seen at bus stops in Tianjin. They were made for passengers to turn their notes into small change. And such an idea came from four students from Zhongbei Middle School, Tianjin.
“People will surely feel worried when they take a bus without coins. We just want to do something to help them,” said Wang Yongcun, 15, one of the four students.
The four boys spent their whole weekend making the change bags. After that they went to see the number of the passengers at each bus stop near their school, and then chose the top six stops to put the bags.
Many people think that the four boys have really done a good job. But, things didn’t go as the boys thought. Two days later, they found that the money was gone, and that even the bags were taken. It really made them sad but they would not give up. Their classmates and teachers came to help them in time. They put their pocket money in bags again. And the teachers also taught them to make better change bags. They tried their best to do it.
The four boys feel very happy because they have done something good for the passengers. Their warm hearts are moving. More and more people are beginning to join in the activity.
11. The change bags were put _____.
A. on the buses B. at the bus stops C. under the desks D. near the parks
12. It took _____ the whole weekend to make the change bags.
A. the parents B. the teachers C. the passengers D. the four boys
13. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The idea of small change bags came from four boys.
B. The passengers refused to put money in the bags.
C. The teachers gave up when the bags were taken.
D. The small change didn’t help the passengers much.
14. What’s the main idea of this passage?
A. Making change bags is difficult B. Pocket money can be helpful
C. Giving help brings us happiness D. Every coin has two sides
IV. 书面表达。
假如你是李东，参加了学校上周六“环保俱乐部（Saving the Environment Club）”组织的志愿者活动。其内容包括：张贴海报、分发广告、打扫街道、打扫公园等。
请给你的笔友Bruce写一封电子邮件，向他介绍这次活动的情况，并谈谈你对志愿者工作的看法。80词左右，注意书信格式。
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【答案与解析】
I. 单项选择。
1．A。used to do sth. 意为“过去常常，曾经”，符合句意。
2．C。“帮助某人解决困难”应该表示为“help sb. out”。
3．B。本题题意为“不要朝他大声叫嚷。因为他聋，不能听到你说的活”。由题意可知答案为B。
4．A。本题题意为“琳达在很多方面和她的妈妈相像。比如：她们都很高并且很瘦”。“和……相像”应该表示为“be similar to...”，因此答案为A。
5．C。句意：当老师把试卷发给我们的时候，我们都感到非常紧张。give out意为“分发”。
6．D。本题题意为“不仅马亚和李琴看了那部电影，而且我也看了”。由题意可知答案为D。
7．D。live alone意为“单独居住”；feel lonely意为“感到孤独”，因此答案为D。alone意为“单独的，独自的”，强调客观情况；lonely意为“孤独的”，强调主观感受。
8．C。本题题意为“莉萨，请去书房给我拿那本书”。强调来回过程时，应该用fetch。因此答案为C。
9．A。句意：——Natalia Partyka刚刚打败了李佳薇!——真是难以想象，仅有一只胳膊的女孩可以打乒乓球打得这么好。由题意可知答案为A。
10．A。本题题意为“我祖父母的表不运转了，我正在找一个可以为他们修表的维修工”。由题意可以首先排除C和D，fix up是“动词+副词”结构，宾语为代词时，代词必须放在中间，且用宾格，因此答案为A。
11．D。句意：——我用光了红墨水，你能借给我一些吗?——当然可以，给你。
12．D。句意：这个大包太重了，这个小男孩搬不动。谁愿意来帮他?本题主要考查“too...to...”结构，因此答案为D。
13．C。因为上学迟到了，所以不知道怎么办，而选项D则是表示“怎么做这件事”，不符合句意。
14．C。find out表示“查明；弄清楚”。
15．B。本题考查交际用语，对上句回答应该是“非常乐意帮您”。因此答案为B。
[真题链接]
1. D。句意“李明过去在中国开车经常是靠右边行驶，但他在英国很快就习惯了靠左边行驶”。used to do sth.意为“过去常常做某事”；get used to doing sth. 意为“习惯做某事”； 根据句意，故选D。
2. C。take up意为“占据；（开始)从事”；fix up意为“修理；安装”；set up意为“设立；建立”；stay up意为“熬夜；不睡觉”。根据空格后面的a study group可知，选C。句意：“我们应当为儿童之家的残疾儿童做些什么？”“你们应当建立一个学习小组来帮助他们。”
3. C。put on意为“穿上；戴上”；put up意为“搭起；举起；张贴；公布”；put off意为“推迟；拖延”；put down意为“放下”。由句意“他们听说聚会因为这次考试而被推迟了”可知，C项符合题意，故选C。
II. 完形填空。
1．A。本句句意：直到你开始考虑帮助其他人，你才真正成为一个成人。think about意为“考虑”；depend on意为“依靠”；give up意为“放弃”；go on意为“继续进行”。故选A。
2．B。lend意为“借出”；buy意为“买”；drink意为“喝”；borrow意为“借”。由后句比尔在商店外遇到一个无家可归的老人，推断他去商店为父母买牛奶。故选B。
3．C。跳读下文所述可知，这位老人两天未吃食物了，推断此处他看上去是患病的样子。故选C。
4．D。跳读下文所述，根据服务员收盘子，老板的生日等可推断出比尔带老人去了饭店。
5．D。本句句意：服务员收走盘子和杯子。A项意为“送出”；B项意为“下来”；C项意为“归还”；D项意为“拿走”。故选D。
6．C。句意：很抱歉给你带来这么多麻烦，我现在好了。excuse意为“借口”；advice意为“建议”；trouble意为“麻烦”；difficulty意为“困难”。故选C。
7．A。句意：我永远不会忘记你的善行! never意为“从不”；always意为“总是”；usually意为“通常”；sometimes意为“有时”。故选A。
8．B。nervous意为“紧张”；pleased意为“高兴”；sorry意为“抱歉”；shy意为“害羞”。根据上句这位老人所说的话推断，比尔听到应感到高兴。故选B。
9．A。A项意为“惊讶地”；B项意为“像平常一样”；C项意为“再一次”；D项意为“首先”。根据后句所述，比尔和老人所吃的食物是免费的，推断此时他们感到惊讶。故选A。
10．D。根据前后句间的逻辑关系可知，今天是老板的生日，他们是第一批顾客，是前面的食物免费的原因，故用连词because。故选D。
III. 阅读理解。
A
1. C。根据第一段中的They worked in groups with traffic police at different crossroads in the city.可知答案为C项。
2. D。根据第三段“I think through community work we get to help others and, more importantly, we grow a sense of responsibility(责任感),” he said.可知答案。
3. B。根据Community service is an important part of education for teenagers around the world.可知答案。
4. D。根据Qian Lijun, 16, and her classmates in Suzhou, Jiangsu went to a local elder care home this winter. They put Spring Festival couplets (对联) on the walls and cheered up the people living there.可知D项的表述是错误的。
5. D。根据For those Americans who have finished 1,400 hours of community work, they can be awarded nearly $ 5, 000(33, 000 yuan).可知D项表述是错误的。
B
6. All kinds of things.
7. The first charity shop was opened by Oxfam in 1947.
8. although/though/but
9. More than 110 million pounds every year.
10. 如果可能的话，让我们一起为慈善事业做点事吧。
C
11. B。细节理解题。由第一段第一句“In April this year, lots of bags full of small change(零钱) were seen at bus stops in Tianjin.”可知零钱袋被放在了公交车站。
12. D。细节理解题。由第三段第一句“The four boys spent their whole weekend making the change bags.”可知选D。
13. A。细节理解题。由第一段最后一句“And such an idea came from four students from Zhongbei Middle School, Tianjin.”可知A项正确。
14. C。主旨大意题。通读全文，可知最后一段点明主旨，文章想要传递一种正能量，给人帮助能够带给自己快乐。
IV. 书面表达。
Dear Bruce,
I am a volunteer in Saving the Environment Club of my school. Last Saturday, I did some volunteer work with other volunteers.
Some of us put up posters. Some handed out advertisements. Others swept the streets. We also helped clean up the city parks. When we finished all the work, we were very tired but felt very happy at the same time.
I think it’s fantastic to be a volunteer.
What do you think of volunteering? Please write back soon!
Yours,
Li Dong




【教学建议】
本单元核心概念：  
1．听和阅读是offer help and how to thank who helps you，从而引出“提供帮助句型”的用法。  
2．复习和总结“动词不定式”的用法，学习提供帮助句型”的用法。
3．通过听力和阅读巩固动词不定式”的用法和提供帮助句型”的用法。  
4．写一封信说明你想要做什么志愿者工作及原因。