2019中考英语（新目标）教材梳理：九年级 Unit12知识点+练习（无答案）

这是一份2019中考英语（新目标）教材梳理：九年级 Unit12知识点+练习（无答案），文件包含我国的海洋国土课件ppt、中国出版竖版地图宣示海洋国土主权wmv、海洋资源avi等3份课件配套教学资源，其中PPT共0页， 欢迎下载使用。主要包含了词汇精练，句式精练，句型语法篇，综合测试等内容，欢迎下载使用。

重点
理解并掌握过去完成时的用法
难点
alive, living 与live的用法
易错点
frget及leave的用法
高频考点
by the time作连词引导时间状语从句：
1.当从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完时；
2.当从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时或将来完成时。
miss v. 错过，未得到；
unexpected adj. 出乎意料的；
blck n. 街区
wrker n. 工作者
stare v. 盯着看，凝视
disbelief n. 不信，怀疑
abve adv. 在上面
burn v. 着火；燃烧；
alive adj. 活着的；有生气的；
airprt n. 飞机场
till cnj. Prep. 直到
west adv. 向西
cream n. 奶油，乳脂；
pie n. 果馅饼；
bean n. 豆荚；
market n. 集市；
fl n, 蠢人，傻瓜；v.愚弄；
cstume n. 服装，装束；
embarrassed adj. 窘迫的；害羞的；
annunce v. 宣布
spaghetti n. 意大利面条
hax n. 骗局；恶作剧
discvery n. 发现，发觉;
lady n. 女士
cancel v. 取消，终止；
fficer n. 军官
believable adj. 可相信的，可信任的；
disappear v. 消失；不见；
embarrassing adj. 使人害羞的。
backpack n. 背包，旅行包；
versleep v. 睡过头；
take a shwer洗浴
leave my backpack at hme把背包忘在家里
get back t schl返回学校
start teaching开始教学
g ff响铃
rush ut the dr冲出房门
give sb a lift捎某人一程
miss bth events错过两个事件
full f unexpected充满着不可预知性
be abut t d sth正要做某事
stare in disbelief at难以置信地盯着.
jump ut f bed跳下床
cllect the math hmewrk收数学作业
cmplete the wrk fr my bss完成老板的工作
make the apple pie制作苹果馅饼
shw up赶到,出现
get dressed紧张
hand in hmewrk 上交作业
cstume party化装舞会
take place发生
play all kinds f tricks and jkes n each ther相互开各种玩笑
sell ut卖完，售完
lse weight减肥
by the end f that day到那天结束时
end up以…结束
get married结婚
have a happy ending有一个幸福的结局
fear spread acrss the whle cuntry
恐惧席卷整个国家
the unluckiest day f my life
一生中最不幸的一天
head west 向西行驶
turn arund 调头
make an unexpected discvery
作一个出乎意料的发现
cancel the plan取消计划
第一部分：词汇精讲
1. by the time 到……时候
【拓展】
by the time作连词引导时间状语从句，
当从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时；
当从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时或将来完成时。
By the time he was ten, Tm built a chemistry lab himself.
等到了十岁的时候，汤姆自己建了一个化学实验室。
I’ll be in bed by the time yu get hme.
你到家时，我已经上床睡觉了。
2. abve的用法
The plane flew abve the cluds. 飞机在云层上飞行。
点睛提示
abve
一、作介词
1. 在...上面
The mn is nw abve the trees.月亮正位于树梢上。
2. 在...之上,超过
They are children abve six years ld.他们是六岁以上的孩子。
3. 高于;优于;胜过
In the cmpany, Dick ranks abve Tm.在公司里,迪克的地位比汤姆高。
4. 不屑于;不致于
He cnsidered himself abve ding such things.
他自认为是不会去做那种事的。
二、作副词
在上面;向上面
There are snwy peaks abve.上面是白雪皑皑的群峰。
2. (级别、数目等)更高;更大;更多
Men and wmen f eighteen and abve are eligible t vte.年龄在十八岁以上的男女有投票表决权。
3. 在上文
See the examples given abve.见上述例子。
三、作名词
1. 上文;上述事实
In additin t all f the abve, she wn a Prize in 1980.除上述外,她还在1980年获奖。
3. alive adj. 活着的；有生气的；
【拓展】
辨别 alive, living, live
1. alive 主要用作表语（有时可用作后置定语，但不用作前置定语），可用于人或动物。如：He must be still alive. 他一定还活着。
注：若 alive 本身有修饰语，则也可用作前置定语。如：He is a really alive student. 他的确是一个十分活跃的学生。
2. living 可用作表语或定语，可用于人或物。如：
Are yur grandparents still living？ 你的祖父母还健在吗？
alive 和 living 表示“活着的”，两者含义很接近，只要句法适合，有时可互换。如：谁是当代最伟大的诗人？
正：Wh is the greatest living pet？
正：Wh is the greatest pet alive？
若需严格区分，两者仍有差别：living 通常是客观描述某人“尚在人间”或“健在”，而 alive 则主要指生与死的“界限”。如：He was still alive when I reached the hspital. 当我赶到医院时他还活着。
3. live 通常只用作定语（前置），可用于动物或植物，但一般不用于人。如：
He bught sme live fish. 他买了几条活鱼。
Only a few live trees were left after the fire. 火灾之后只剩下几棵树还活着
4. empty v. 排空；倒出 adj.空的；空闲的
He emptied his tl bag. 他腾出自己的工具袋。
She emptied the bx. 她倒空了箱子。
【拓展】
作形容词，常用表语或定语，此时其反义词是full。
He tk his empty cffee cup back t the cunter. 他把空咖啡杯送回到柜台。
We walked in the empty street. 我们走在空旷的街上。
5. marry v.嫁，娶；与……结婚
marry常用于以下结构：
1.A marry B意为“A与B结婚；A娶/嫁给B”。
Jane is ging t marry Jhn. 简就要嫁给约翰了。
2.A and B get married=A and B are married=A be/get married t B，意为“A和B结婚”。
Lucy and Le gt married last week. 露西和利奥上周结婚了。
3.marry A t B意为“把A嫁给B或给A娶B”。
He married his sn t a rich girl.他给儿子娶了一个有钱的女子。
【拓展】
1.marry为短暂性动词，在肯定句中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。be married 是系表结构，表示状态，和表示一段时间的状语连用。
【例句】
They gt married three years ag.
=They have been married fr three years.
=It has been three years since they gt married.
他们结婚三年了。
2.married 作表语是介词要用t，不用with，即be/get married t sb。
【例句】
Willis was married t actress Demi Mre frm 1987 until 1998.
1987-1998年威利斯曾与女演员黛米•摩尔结婚
6. sell ut 卖完； 售光
This kind f shes are sld ut. 这种鞋全卖光了。
The bk yu ask fr are all sld ut.你要的书都卖完了。
7. by the end f
by the end f意为“到……末为止”，其后只能接时间，可用于将来时或过去完成时。例如：
We’re ging t finish it by the end f this week.
到本周末，我们将完成这项工作。
【拓展】
(1) at the end f意为“在……末端，在……尽头”，可以表示时间，也可以表示地点。例如：
at the end f January在一月底 （表示时间）
at the end f the street在街道末端（表示地点）
(2) in the end意为“最后，终于”，相当于at last，finally，其后不能接f短语。例如：
Our team beat theirs in the end. 最后，我们队战胜了他们队。
8. disappear
disappear 是动词，意为“消失，消散”。其反义词是appear, 意为“出现”。例如：
Dn’t disappear again. 不要再突然消失了。
Sme animals are disappearing because f hunting.
一些动物因滥捕而濒临灭绝。
A wman appeared at the end f the street.
一位妇女出现在街道的尽头。
9. g ff
g ff 意为“发出响声”。例如：
My alarm clck didn’t g ff. 我的闹钟没有响。
The alarm went ff. 警铃骤然响起。
【拓展】
（1）g ff 还有“离开，出发”等意。例如：
D g ff the main rad, r yu’ll be lst.
不要离开大路，否则会迷路的。
（2）g ff 还表示“变质”。例如：
This milk has gne ff. 牛奶变坏了。
10. take ff
take ff意为“起飞”。例如：
When will the plane take ff? 飞机什么时候起飞？
【拓展】
(1) take ff还可作“脱下”讲，反义词组为put n，意为“穿上”。例如：
Put n yur clthes. Dn’t take them ff. 把衣服穿上，别脱下。
(2) 常见的含有take的词组：
take turns轮流 take away拿走 take ut拿出，取出
take ver接手，接管 take ntes 做笔记 take care当心，注意
take care f 照顾 take phts 照相 take it easy别紧张
11. versleep
versleep 意为“睡过头”，它的过去式和过去分词都是verslept。例如：
I verslept and missed the schl bus. 我睡过了头，没赶上学校班车。
【拓展】
某些词前缀ver，表示“超过, 优越, 过度等”。
verage 过老的
vertime 超出时间的
verwrk 过度工作
verd 做得过分
I think the wrk is verdne. 我觉得这工作做过头了。
She verdressed herself tday. 她今天打扮过头了。
12. leave
leave作动词，意为“离开(某处)”，常与fr连用，后接要去的地方。leave的过去式和过去分词都是left。例如：
He is leaving fr Beijing next week. 他下周打算离开去北京。
Mr. Smith left the rm at tw ’clck. 史密斯先生两点离开房间。
【拓展】
（1）leave还意为“离开(某人)的身边;离弃”。例如：
Her husband has left her. 她的丈夫把她遗弃了。
（2）动词短语leave smething at/in ＋表示地点的名词，意为“把某物忘在某地”。例如：
I left my key at hme. 我把钥匙忘在家里了。
Tm left his English bk at schl, s he didn’t d his hmewrk.
汤姆把英语书落在学校了，所以没有做英语作业。
（3) leave还意为“听任,使处于某种状态”。例如：
He left the windws pen. 他让窗子开着。
【辨析】
leave和frget
leave和frget两者都是动词，都含有“忘记” 的意思。表示把某物“落在某地方”用leave，如果无具体地点，则用frget。例如：
He said that he had left his bk in the classrm.
他说他把书落在教室里了。
I never frget her. 我永远也忘不了她。
13. shw up
shw up动词短语，意为“出席，露面”。例如：
Mst f peple invited didn’t shw up. 被邀请的人大部分还未到。
T my surprise, she failed t shw up. 令我吃惊的是，她未能出席。
【拓展】
shw的常用短语：
（1）shw sb. arund 带某人参观 例如：
I’ll shw yu arund s that yu can meet everyne.
我会带你到各处看看,好让你和大家见见面。
（2）shw ff 炫耀 例如：
Thse bys always shw ff their sprts skills t the girls.
那些男孩们老向女孩卖弄他们的运动技巧。
（3）shw sb. sth. 把某物展示给某人看 例如：
My friend shwed me a picture bk.
我的朋友出示我一本漂亮的图册。
（4）n shw 陈列，展出 例如：
The phtgraphs are n shw at the museum until Octber.
照片在博物馆展出到十月。
14. keep
（1) keep用作及物动词，意为“保存；保留；保守”。例如：
Culd yu keep these letters fr me, please?
你能替我保存这些信吗？
I’ll keep a seat fr yu. 我给你留个座位。
Can yu keep a secret? 你能保守秘密吗？
（2) keep用作连系动词,后常接表语形容词，意为“保持处于某种状态”。 例如：
Yu must lk after yurself and keep healthy.
你必须照顾好自己，保持身体健康。
She knew she must keep calm. 她知道她必须保持镇静。
（3）keep的常用句型：
1) keep ding sth. 意为 “继续干某事”，表示不间断地持续干某事，后须接延续性的动词。例如：
He kept wrking all day, because he wanted t finish the wrk n time.
他整天都在不停地工作，因为他想准时完成工作。
2）keep n ding sth. 意为“持续做某事”。 例如：
The pupil kept n asking me the same questin.
这个学生不断地问我同一个问题。例如：
3) ding sth.意为“阻止/防止……做某事”。例如：
The heavy snw kept us frm ging ut.
大雪阻止了我们出去。
【词汇精练】
I.根据句意及首字母提示补全句子。
1. Set yur alarm clck, and yu wn’t _______.
2. When I gt t schl, I r _________I had left my backpack at hme.
3. U__________, by the time I gt there, the bus had already left.
4. L__________, my friend Tm and his dad came by in his dad’s car and they gave me a ride.
5. Sally i_________ me t her birthday party. It’s at her huse n Saturday.
6. In 1938, a radi prgram a________ that aliens frm Mars had landed n the earth.
7. Life is full f the u__________.
8. He was ging t meet me earlier but he didn’t s______ up when I gt there.
9. Jim d_________ and nbdy heard f him.
10. I’m really e___________ t be laughed in public.
II. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.I ______（stay）up last night and I am really ________nw. ( exhaust )
2. I ______ (wait) fr the bus when she called me.
3. I felt _______in that _______jke. ( embarrass )
4. Scientists have t read the________ infrmatin in science bks.(late)
5. D yu knw that yur bike is _______ (break)?
6. Dn’t ______ (flish) anyne in yur class, because nne f them are fls.
7. My mther asked me t g the frnt dr and check if it is _______ (lck).
8. She tld me she _______(be) t Sanya.
III. 选用同义词填空。
(1）用leave或frget的正确形式填空。
1. I _________ his address.
2. I _________ his address n the desk yesterday.
3. She mustn’t ________ the letter n the table.
4. He _______ telling her abut it.
5. Wuld yu like t _______ a message fr him?
(2) 用whle或all填空。
6. The teacher said, “Frty is a ______ number.”
7. Her ______ hmewrk was finished with the help f the teacher.
8. ______ her hmewrk was finished with the help f the teacher.
9. He spent ______ the day ding the wrk.
10. He spent the ______day ding the wrk.
IV. 用方框内所给单词的适当形式完成句子。
realize, shw up, clse t, n time, break dwn, by the time
1. He was standing _______ the dr.
2. I was waiting fr the schl bus but it didn’t cme. Then I it was Saturday.
3. He was ging t meet me earlier but he didn’t .
4. I started walking, but I knew I culd nt get t the factry_________.
5. On my way t wrk, my car________, s I had t ask fr a ride.
6.________I gt there, they had finished the wrk.
第二部分：重点句型
1.Life is full f the unexpected.
be full f意为“充满”，相当于be filled with。例如：
The glass is full f water.=The glass is filled with water.
杯子里装满了水。
The classrm is full f different bys and girls.
教室里挤满了不同的男孩女孩。
2. And by the time I gt up , my brther had already gtten in the shwer.
（1）by the time的意思是“到……时间为止”，强调时间的截止，引导时间状语从句。By the time＋过去的时间，主句一般用过去完成时，表示在从句谓语动作前已经完成。例如：
By the time I gt there, the bus had already left.
不晚于我到那里时，公共汽车已经开走了。
（2）当时间状语为by the end f last mnth/year/week时，主句也用过去完成时。例如：
By the end f last mnth we had learned 20 English sngs.
到上一个月我们已经学习了20首英语歌曲。
【拓展】
（1）过去完成时的概念：
过去完成时表示一个动作或者状态在过去某一个时间或者动作之前已经完成或结束，也可以说是“过去的过去”。它的结构是：had＋动词的过去分词，had用于各种人称和数，即had没有人称和数的变化。
（2）过去完成时的否定和疑问句式：
过去完成时的否定句是在had的后面直接加nt；过去完成时的一般疑问句是直接把had移到句首。它的肯定回答是：Yes, I had. 否定回答是：N, I hadn’t. 例如：
He hadn’t finished his hmewrk befre I came back.
在我回来之前，他没有完成作业。
—Had yu finished yur hmewrk by the time yur mther came back?
到你妈妈回来的时候，你完成你的家庭作业了吗？
—Yes，I had. 是的，完成了。
3. What happened t Dave n April Fl’s Day?
（1）happen是不及物动词，意思是“发生”，和动词短语take place是同义词。它们共同特点是： 都是不及物动词，没有被动语态形式；都是非延续性动词，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。它们的不同点是：happen是表示偶然性的、出乎意料之外的事情发生；take place表示必然性的发生或者计划、策划好的事情发生。例如：
What happened t yu n the rad yesterday?
昨天晚上你在路上发生什么事情？
Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.
自1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。
(2) happen构成的动词短语有：happen t smebdy 表示“(某事)发生在某人的身上”。happen t d smething＝d smething by accident 表示“偶然做某事”的意思。例如：
An accident happened t him after drinking t much.
他喝醉酒之后发生了一场事故。
I happened t meet yur mther yesterday.
昨天我偶然遇见你的妈妈。
4. Welles made it sund s real that hundreds f peple believed the stry …
意思是“如此……以至于……”，中间用形容词或者副词，s修饰词形容词或副词，形容词后一般没有名词，that的后面是表示结果的状语从句。而同义短语的中间有名词，such修饰此名词。例如：
Our teacher is s kind that all f us like him.
我们的老师是如此好心以至于我们都喜欢他。
He runs s fast that nbdy in my class can catch up with him.
他跑得那么快，我们班没有人能追上他。
It is such an interesting film that all f us like it.
它是一部如此有兴趣的电影以至于我们都喜欢它。
He had such lng arms that he culd almst tuch his knees.
他的胳膊很长，几乎就能够到他的膝盖。
【注意】
如果名词前的形容词是表示数量的few、little、many、much仍要用s修饰。例如：
There are s many peple in the rm that we culd nt get in.
房间里那么多的人，我们都进不去。
【拓展】
s that意思是“以便于、为了”，引导表示目的的状语从句。例如：
We gt up early this mrning s that we can catch the first bus.
我们今天早上起床很早是为了能赶上第一班公共汽车。
5. As I was waiting in line with ther ffice wrkers, I heard…
as是连词，意为“当……时候”，引导时间状语从句，强调两个动作同时发生；或某事发生的过程中另一件事发生；或某事一发生，另一件事立即发生。例如：
We walked int the garden as the music stpped.
音乐声一停，我们就走进了花园。
【拓展】
as的用法颇多，现将所学的其他用法归纳如下：
(1) as作连词：
1) “像……一样、如……”，常用于比较状语从句或方式状语从句。例如：
I can’t run as fast as I used t. 我跑得不如过去那样快。
Yu must d everything as I d. 你必须按照我做的那样去做每件事。
2) “因为，既然”，引导原因状语从句。例如：
As we are bth tired, let’s stp t have a rest.
既然我们都累了，让我们停下来休息会吧。
3) “正如，照……方法”，常引导非限制性定语从句。例如：
As we all knw, the earth travels arund the sun. 众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。
(2) as作介词，意为“好像；作为、当作”。例如：
I wrk in Beijing as a guider 我在北京当导游。
6. When she gt t schl, she realized she had left her backpack at hme.
当她到学校时，她意识到她把背包忘在家里了。
【短语】表示“把某物忘在某处”要用词组leave sth in a place。
【比较】frget意为“遗忘某物”，指忘记一件具体的东西，但不能有具体的地点。
I frgt my umbrella yesterday .我昨天忘了带伞。
Dn't frget the cases. 别忘了带箱子。
7. Last Friday night, my friend invited me t his birthday party.
上周五晚上，我朋友邀请我参加他的生日晚会。
【剖析】
invite sb t a place（或一活动、聚会） 意为“邀请某人到某一地方或参加某一活动”；
而invite sb t d sth 意为“邀请某人做某事”。
【句式精练】
I. 根据汉语提示，用过去完成时，完成句子。
1.By ten yesterday evening,__________________（她完成了写作).
2.Befre yu brrwed the bk, _______________________(你曾经读过它吗)?
3.She asked if ______________________________(刘先生已经离开).
4.__________________________(天已经停止下雨) when I wke up this mrning.
5. By the time I gt back t schl, _________________________（电话已经响了）.
6. When I gt hme,_______________________(我意识到我把我的钥匙落在车里了).
7. By the time I gt hme, _______________________(她已经睡了).
8. By the evening_________________________(消息已传遍全球).
II. 按要求完成下列句子。
1. The League was funded in Guangzhu in 1922．(对划线部分提问)
________ _______ ________ _______ the League________?
2. Kate lked after the baby well yesterday evening．(变为被动语态)
The baby________ _______ _______ well by Kate yesterday evening．
3. His sister had already read sme bks befre she went t schl. (改为否定句)
His sister ______ _____ _____ bks ______ befre she went t the schl.
4. He has already had breakfast. (改为一般疑问句)
______he had breakfast________?
5. The stry was very interesting. I culd never frget it. (合并为一句)
The stry was ________interesting__________ I culd never frget it.
6. She said, “I have read the bk.”(改为含宾语从句的复合句))
She said that _______ read the bk. 
7. She was t excited abut the game. She stayed up very late. (合并为一句)
She was_________ _________ abut the game __________she stayed up very late.
8. Has she visited the Great wall? I didn’t knw. (改为含宾语从句的复合句)
I didn’t knw ________she_________ _________the Great Wall.
III. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。
1. 昨天他让我搭便车去长城。
He ______ _______ _______ _______in his car t the Great Wall.
2.不久我意识到自己犯了一个严重的错误。
I sn _______that I _______ _______a serius mistake.
3. 这本书是用简单的英语写成的，连初学者都能看懂。
The bk is written ________ ________ _______ _______that beginners can understand it.
4. 我原以为他年纪大爬不到山顶，但最后他还是爬上去了。
I thught he wuld be______ _______ _______ get t the tp f the muntain, but he _______ _______at last.
5. 他说他明天准时来，但他绝对做不到。
He says he’ll cme______ _______, but he’ll never _______ it.
6. 他既不说英语，也不说法语。他说汉语。
He speaks _______English _______ French. He speaks Chinese.
7. 当我正在找那封信的时候，经理走进了办公室。
As I ________ _______ _______ the letter, the manager walked int the ffice.
8.昨天凯特的闹钟没有响。
Kate’s alarm clck didn’t________ ________ yesterday.
9. 纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。
______ New Yrk ______ Lndn have traffic prblems.
IV.仔细阅读对话，选择方框内的句子填空，使对话意思连贯正确。
A.Where is it?
B. What is the cst f the tur?
C. D yu have any turs that include bth f them?
D. On, that’ll be very helpful.
E. Hw lng des the tur take?
F. Hw much d yu have?
G. Where are yu staying?
A: May I help yu?
B: Yes. I want t visit the Summer Palace and the Tsinghua University. 1
A: Yes, this ne des. Yu visit Tsinghus University in the mrning. Right after lunch, the rest f the afternn is spent in the Summer Palace.
B: 2
A: Abut seven hurs. 3
B: At the Hiltn Htel.
A: Let’s see. The bus stps there at 8:50 am. Yu shuld be back by 5:30 in the afternn.
B: 4
A: It’s 180 RMB, including lunch.
B: Are there any English-speaking guides?
A: I’m afraid nt. But we have this guide bk. It tells everything abut the places yu’ll see. It’s free. Please take it.
B: 5 .Thank yu very much.
第三部分：语法点拨
一、过去完成时
表示在过去某个时间之前已经发生的动作或一直延续的动作或状态。它表示的动作所发生的时间“过去的过去”，常用“助动词had+过去分词”构成。
常与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：by(the end f)+过去的时间，fr+段时间，since+点时间，when导的时间状语从句(从句中谓语动词用过去时)等。
They had already had breakfast befre they arrived at the htel.
She had finished writing the cmpsitin by 10:00 this mrning.
二、判断依据
1. 由时间状语来判定
一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：
（ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。
如： I had finished reading the nvel by nine 'clck last night.
（ 2 ） by the end f + 过去的时间点。
如： We had learned ver tw thusand English wrds by the end f last term.
（ 3 ） befre + 过去的时间点。
如： They had planted six hundred trees befre last Wednesday.
2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。
过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在：
（ 1 ）宾语从句中
当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在tld, said, knew, heard, thught等动词后的宾语从句。如：
She said that she had seen the film befre.
（ 2 ）状语从句中
在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如：
When I gt t the statin, the train had already left.
After he had finished his hmewrk, he went t bed.
注意： befre, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 befre 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如：
Where did yu study befre yu came here?
After he clsed the dr, he left the classrm.
（ 3 ）表示意向的动词，如hpe, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppse等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
We had hped that yu wuld cme, but yu didn't.
3. 根据上、下文来判定。
I met Wang Ta in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each ther since he went t Beijing.
三、主要用法
1. 过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。如：
When I wke up, it had stpped raining.
我醒来时，雨已经停了。（主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”）
2. 过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。如：
He tld me that he had written a new bk. (had written 发生在 tld 之前 )
3. 过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与 already, yet, still, just, befre, never 等时间副词及 by , befre, until 等引导的短语或从句连用。
如：Befre she came t China, Grace had taught English in a middle schl fr abut five years.
Peter had cllected mre than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.
4. 过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。
如： By the end f last year, he had wrked in the factry fr twenty years. （had wrked 已有了20 年，还有继续进行下去的可能）
5. 过去完成时也用于（刚…就…）, n （刚…就…）, It was the first time + that等一些固定句型中。
He had n sner left the rm than they began t talk abut him. 他刚离开房间，他们就议论起他来。
We had hardly begun when we were tld t stp.
我们刚开始就被叫停。
It was the first time that he had ever spken t me in such a tune.他用这样的语调跟我讲话，这是第一次。
【词汇篇】
例1.（★★）—By the time I was five, I ____English.
—Really?
A. had started learning B. have started learning
C. started t learn D. started learning
例2.（★★）—Bys and girls! Please ____ yur cmpsitins after class.
—Oh, my Gd! I ___ it at hme.
A. hand in, frgt B. hand in, left C. hand ut, frgt D. hand ut, left
例3.（★★）Ice is nt ften seen here in winter as the temperature nrmally stays zer.
A. upB. dwnC. abveD. belw
例4.（★★） —It is said that Jay Chu sang his latest sng in the cncert.
—That’s impssible. In fact, he had never _____by the time the cncert ended.
A. put up B. set up C. fixed up D. shwn up
【句型语法篇】
例5.（★★）.—Why didn’t yu g t the mvie yesterday?
—Because I ____it befre.
A. had watched B. have seen
C. have watched D. had seen
例6.（★★）—Have yu ____ all yur ld tys?
—Yeah. They are ppular. Lk, my bx is empty nw.
A. shwn up B. set ff
C. sld ut D. brken dwn
【能力篇】
例7.（★★★）阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。（共10分，每小题2分）
Chinatwn is the name given t an area in the middle f Lndn. It is just between Leicester Square and Shaftsbury Avenue. Gerrard Street is at the center and is the mst imprtant street in the area. There is a large Chinese cmmunity (社区) with a lt f Chinese restaurants, Chinese supermarkets and shps in this street.
In the 1950s, it was a pr area and everything was very cheap. At the same time, the wrld rice market changed and thusand f farm wrkers in Hng Kng lst their jbs. They began arriving in Lndn t lk fr wrk. They fund jbs in the restaurants in this area. Many British peple like Chinese fd, and the restaurants were ppular.
These restaurant wrkers ften wrked 17 hurs a day and had n time t learn English. As mre Chinese arrived, mre shps and businesses grew up. Wives came and jined their husbands and children came and jined their fathers. The cmmunity grew, and Chinatwn was brn.
In the 1970s and 1980s, British-brn Chinese started t have a better educatin and this brught ecnmic (经济的) success t the area. Many families mved ut f Chinatwn, and there was mre space fr businesses. Gerrard Street becme a street nly fr visitrs and was sn a ppular place fr turists.
Nw everyne knws abut Lndn’s Chinatwn. During the Chinese New Year, the streets are seen with flags and thusands f Chinese g int the streets. Fr mst f the year, thugh, Lndners and turists g there mainly fr the fd in the Chinese restaurants. The best restaurants are the nes where the Chinese eat.
65. Is this Chinatwn in the middle f Lndn?
66. Was the area rich r pr in the 1950s?
67. Why did the restaurant wrkers have nt time t learn English?
68. When did British-brn Chinese start t have a better educatin?
69. What are the main pints abut Chinatwn in this passage?
课后作业：
Unit 12 Life is full f the unexpected.
综合能力演练
【综合测试】
Ⅰ. 单项选择。
1. —We all went t the cinema except yu last night. Why didn’t yu cme?
—Because I ______ that mvie twice.
A. have watched B. had watched
C. was watching D. wuld watch
2. Mr. Brwn always makes his class _________ and keeps his students _________ in class.
A. alive; interesting B. lively; interesting
C. alive; interested D. lively; interested
3. It’s implite t laugh at, stare at r play _____n disabled peple.
A. fun B. jkes C. tricks D. parts
4. We ______ fur thusand new wrds by the end f last year.
A. learned B. had learnedC. have learned D. will learn
5. When I gt there, I realized that I ______ my glasses at hme.
A. frgt B. had frgt C. left D. had left
6. I believe what he said. It seems ________ t the fact.
A. clse B. clsed C. far D. further
7. He _______withut saying gdbye.
A. went with B. went ff C. went n D. went in
8. By the time I gt hme, my mther ________ dinner fr me.
A. cked B. had cked C. was cking D. is cking
9. D yu knw what ________ t him recently?
A. is happening B. is happened C. has happened D. happened
10. The little girl felt _______ at being the center f attentin.
A. embarrassing B. embarrassed C. exhausted D. exhausting
11. Bth f them _______ married fr mre than fifty years.
A. have gt B. gt C. were gt D. have been
12. I was late fr schl this mrning because I ________ .
A. versleeping B. was versleeping C. verslept D. was verslept
13. Can yu help me ______ the bx and I want t use it t carry my clthes?
A. empty B. emptied C. emptying D. empties
14. D yu knw yur new teacher is ne f my ______. He is my uncle.
A. relatives B. friends C. classmates D. members
15. Our teacher asked wh _____ the windw just nw.
A. t break B. breaking C. brke D. brken
Ⅱ. 完形填空。
Every year n my birthday, frm the time I turned twelve, a white gardenia(栀子花) was delivered t my huse. N card came with it. Calls t the flwer shp were nt 1 at all. After a while I stpped trying t 2 the sender’s name and just delighted in the beautiful white flwer in sft pink paper.
Hwever, I never 3 imagining wh the giver might be. Sme f my happiest 4 were spent daydreaming abut the sender. My mther encuraged these imaginings. She’d ask me if there was smene fr whm I had shwn special 5 . Perhaps it was the ld man acrss the street whse mail I’d delivered during the winter. As a girl, thugh, I had mre fun imagining that it might be a 6 I had run int.
One mnth befre my graduatin, my father died. I felt s sad that I became cmpletely 7 in my upcming graduatin dance, and I didn’t 8 if I had a new dress r nt. But my mther, despite her wn sadness, wuld nt let me 9 any f thse things. She wanted her children nt nly t be lvable but t feel 10 . In truth, my mther wanted her children t see 11 much like the gardenia ----lvely, strng and perfect with perhaps a bit f mystery (神秘).
My mther died ten days after I was married. I was twenty-tw years ld. That was the year the gardenia stpped 12 .
1. A. careful B. helpful C. exciting D. interesting
2. A. take ut B. wrk ut C. find ut D. put ut
3. A. stpped B. began C. kept D. lved
4. A. mments B. festivals C. seasns D. hlidays
5. A. practice B. husewrk C. kindness D. exercise
6. A. visitr B. child C. lady D. by
7. A. uncmfrtable B. uninterested C. unbelievable D. unimprtant
8. A. want B. hpe C. knw D. care
9. A. leave B. miss C. have D. hear
10. A. needed B. nticed C. lved D. mved
11. A. herself B. myself C. urselves D. themselves
12. A. cming B. sending C. giving D. grwing
III. 阅读理解。
A
Take a class at Dulangku Schl, and yu’ll see lts f things different frm ther schls. Yu can see the desks are nt in rws and students sit in grups. They put their desks tgether s they’re facing each ther. Hw can they see the blackbard? There are three blackbards n the three walls f the classrm!
The schl calls the new way f learning “Tuantuanzu”, meaning sitting in grups. Wei Liying, a Junir 3 teacher, said it was t give students mre chance t cmmunicate.
Each grup has five r six students, accrding t Wei, and they play different rles (角色). There is a team leader wh takes care f the whle grup. There is a “study leader” wh makes sure that everyne finishes their hmewrk. And there is a discipline (纪律) leader wh makes sure that nbdy chats in class.
Wang Lin is a team leader. The 15-year-ld said that having t deal with s many things was tiring.
“I just lked after my wn business befre,” said Wang. “But nw I have t think abut my five grup members.”
But Wang has gt used t it and can see the benefits (好处) nw.
“ I used t speak t little. But being a team leader means yu have t talk a lt. Yu culd even call me an excellent speaker tday.”
Zhang Qi, 16, was weak in English. She used t get abut 70 in English tests. But in a recent test, Zhang gt a grade f mre than 80.
“I rarely（很少）asked thers when I had prblems with my English. But nw I can ask the team leader r study leader. They are really helpful.”
1. What makes Dulangku Schl different frm thers? __________
A. The students’ desks are in rws. B. Students sit and study in grups.
C. There are three blackbards in the classrm. D. Bth B and C.
2. A discipline leader is suppsed t __________.
A. take care f the whle grup
B. make sure that everybdy finishes hmewrk
C. make sure that nbdy chats in class
D. cllect all the hmewrk and hand it in t teachers
3. The new way f learning is said t give students mre chance t __________.
A. chat with each ther B. listen t the teachers
C. make friends D. cmmunicate
4. We can tell frm the stry that sme students __________ this new way f learning.
A. get benefits frm B. are tired f C. cannt get used t D. hate
B
Three Taiwanese fishermen were saved yesterday frm a small island in the Suth Pacific. The men had disappeared fr mre than three mnth.
They had left Taiwan in a small fishing bat and had planned a week-lng trip. On their fifth day, hwever, they met a typhn, and it badly brke the bats.
Luckily, nne f the men was hurt. After the typhn had passed, they discvered that the engine（发动机） wuldn’t start, s their bat just drifted（漂流） at sea fr ver a mnth. During this time, the fishmen caught fish t eat and drank rain water t stay alive.
Finally, the bat drifted tward a small island. When it gt clse enugh, the men jumped ut and swam t the island. On the island, they fund fresh fruit and vegetables, and they cntinued t catch fish t eat .
The fishmen had lived n the island fr tw mnths when a passing ship saved them. Althugh the three men had lst a lt f weight, they were still in gd health. Their families were surprised and happy when they returned.
5. What d yu think the reading abve is?
A. A travel stry. B. A science reprt.
C. A fishing stry. D. A news reprt.
6. What happened t the three fishmen after they had left Taiwan?
A. A whale attacked their bat.
B. A heavy rain stpped them frm tripping.
C. Their bat was brken by a typhn.
D. They had planned a week-lng trip.
7. Hw did the three fishmen live during the time f drifting at sea?
A. With difficulty and pleasure. B. By lking fr sme help.
C. By having fish and rain water. D. By repairing the engine.
8. Why were fishmen’s families surprised and happy when the fishermen returned？
a. they didn’t lse their weight b. they were still safe and healthy
c. They fund fresh fruit and vegetables d. they had disappeared fr ver three mnth.
A. a, b B. b, d C. b, c D. a, c
IV. 书面表达。
“Life is just like a mirrr, yu smile at it, and it smiles at yu, t.”请你以“Learn t Smile”为题，
根据下表所列的要点写一篇60词以上的文章（文章开头已给出）。
1. 参考词汇：
误解 misunderstand 自信cnfident 交流 cmmunicate
2. 短文必须包括所有内容要点，不要逐字翻译，可适当发挥，使短文连贯通顺。
Learn t Smile
I remember a sng by Westlife, the first sentence f it is “Just a smile and the rain is gne.” D
yu like smiling? I think yu shuld learn t smile._______________________________________
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
学会对自己微笑
1、面对困难与烦恼学会微笑（考试失利、被别人误解等）。
2、使你自信，击败你的人有时就是你自己。
3、有益于身心健康。
学会对他人微笑
1、便于与他人之间的交流。
2、给别人带来快乐,自己也快乐。
微笑是一种语言
人人都能懂，传递友谊，拉近距离。