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初中英语外研版 (新标准)八年级下册Unit 3 Language in use备课课件ppt
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这是一份初中英语外研版 (新标准)八年级下册Unit 3 Language in use备课课件ppt，共45页。PPT课件主要包含了Module，Revision，Grammar等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Language in use
学习目标：复习现在完成时的用法掌握already,just和yet的用法。
Scientists have sent spaceship t Mars. The jurney has taken several mnths.
Astrnauts have already been t the mn.
N ne has been t Mars yet, because Mars is very far away, much farther than the mn.
Scientists have als discvered many ther galaxies in the universe.
Scientists have sent spaceship t the planet Mars t take phts. They have even sent spaceships t travel utside the slar system.
N spaceship has travelled far enugh t reach ther stars in ur Galaxy.
1. I’ve just made a mdel spaceship. 2. Has it arrived yet? 3. Astrnauts have already been t the mn.4. We have nt fund life n any ther planets yet.
Language practice
在现在完成时的句子中，already (已经)、just(刚刚)常用于肯定句，放在have和has的后面。yet(还、尚、仍然)常用于否定句和疑问句,（放在have和has的后面也可放在句末）。
Spaceship n Mars!Astrnauts have (1) ________ been t the mn but they have nt been t any ther planets. Hwever, a spaceship (2) _______ arrived n Mars and it has (3) _______ sent back phts f the red planet. Is there life n Mars? We d nt knw (4) ________.
1.Cmplete the news with already, just and yet.
Presentatin
have/has been t与have/has gne t的区别:have/has been t表示某人“去过某地，现在已经回来了”。have/has gne t表示某人“去某地了”，这个人已经不在这里了。
The spaceship has gne t Mars. It has gne there, but it has nt cme back yet.Astrnauts have been t the mn. They went there and then they came back.
2.Lk at these sentences.
1. Astrnauts have been / gne t the mn and returned.2. The spaceship has been / gne int space. It will travel fr ten days.
Nw chse the crrect answer.
3. The astrnaut has been / gne t the space statin. He will cme back tmrrw.4. The spaceship has been / gne t the space statin. It brught back tw astrnauts.
3.Cmplete the sentences with the expressins in the bx.
1. A spaceship ____________ t Mars. It is cming back t the earth next year.
2. Lts f astrnauts ___________ t the space statin. They fund it very interesting.3. Sme astrnauts ____________ t the mn twice.4. Tw British astrnauts __________ t the space statin. They will cme back in January.
现在完成时(2)当表示动作已经完成，并对现在有一定影响时，我们一般用现在完成时。同时，可分用just, already或yet加以强调或说明。例如：I have just heard the news.我刚听到消息。
Astrnauts have already been t the mn. 宇航员已经去过月球了。He has just started t explre ther planets. 我们才刚刚开始探索其他行星。可以看出，just用来表示“刚刚”， already用来表示“已经”，两者都用于肯定句中，一般是置于have / has之后。在否定句中则可用yet, 表示“还未”， 有“以后可以会”的含义。例如：
The scientists have nt heard frm it yet. 科学家还没有收到它发出的信息。Man has nt discvered any life in space yet. 人类尚未在太空中发现生命。 另外，在使用现在完成时的时候，要注意与一般过去时的区别。现在完成时在表达经历时只表示该事件是在现在之前的某一个时间里发生的，重点在于已完成动作对现在的影响。
而一般过去时则表示在过去某一具体时间发生的事情。例如：I have just been t Lndn. I went there last mnth.我刚去过伦敦，上个月去的。I have already finished my hmewrk. I finished it an hur ag. 我已经完成家庭作业了，一小时前完成的。
在没有明确的过去时间状语时，如何判断该用现在完成时还是该用过去时呢？判断的标准是看该行为是否对现在有影响，也就是说该句强调的是什么。试看以下对话：A: Where have yu put my bk? I can’t find it. 你把我的书放哪儿去了？我找不到。
B: I put it n yur desk yesterday. 我昨天放你桌子上了。该对话中，当A问对方把自己的书放在何处时，A 感兴趣的是现在的状态，因此用现在完成时。但是B回答时只是说明当时放的位置，所以用一般过去时。再看下面的对话：
A: Wuld yu like t g and see the film with me tnight? 你今晚想和我去看电影吗？B: Srry, I have seen it already. 不好意思，我已经看过那部电影了。对话中的现在完成时表示对结果的强调：“电影看过了，所以不想再看了。
Nicky: I’ve just (1) ________ (watch) a great TV prgramme abut space. Did yu knw that scientists have (2) __________ (discver) water n Mars? Bill: Yes, I did. And scientists (3) __________ (try) t find life n Mars nw.
4.Cmplete the cnversatin with the crrect frm f the verbs in brackets.
Nicky: Yes, they’re lking fr life but they (4) ____________ (nt find) anything yet. Bill: There were sme new phts f Mars in the newspaper tday. (5) _______ yu ______ (see) them yet?Nicky: Yes. They’re amazing!
haven’t find
Have seen
Rle–play the cnversatin in Activity 4.
Wrk in pairs
6.Cmplete the email with the wrds in the bx.
FROM: Liu DanTO: Li FangSUBJECT: I’ve fund a great bk.
Dear Li Fang,I’ve (1) ________ finished reading a great bk at schl. I haven’t (2) ________ anything as gd as that fr a lng time! It’s a stry abut the slar system. In the bk, the writer imagines that astrnauts have (3) _______ t Mars. I’ve (4) ________ thught abut that befre and I think it’s very interesting.
I haven’t (5) _______ anyne famus in my life but I hpe ne day I can meet an astrnaut. I’ve (6) ________ t a Chinese astrnaut fr mre infrmatin abut space and his experience f space travel. I hpe he will write back. He hasn’t (7) _______. Maybe he is t busy. I’m still waiting.Best wishes, Liu Dan
7.Listen and cmplete the ntes.1. The astrnaut jined CNSA _________ years ag.2. He has flwn in a spaceship ________ times.3. He felt __________ when he was in the spaceship.
Listening practice
4. He has been t the space statin _________.5. The earth was blue and very ___________ when he saw it frm the space statin.6. He decided t be an astrnaut because he has always been __________ in space.
8.Cmplete the wrd map with the wrds and expressins in the bx.
space travel
slar system
space statin
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Nw add mre wrds abut space t the wrd map and write five sentences.
We’ve just read a stry abut a space statin near the sun.Astrnauts haven’t been t the sun, because it’s t ht.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Spaceships are travelling in ur slar system at the mment.I am interested in space and the stars and planets in ur galaxy.I think scientists will send astrnauts t Mars ne day.
9.Cmplete the passage with the crrect frm f the wrds in the bx.
In July 1969, Neil Armstrng became the first (1) __________ t walk n the (2) ___________. Peple all arund the wrld watched their televisins
and waited fr the (3) ___________ t (4) ___________ the earth. We have nw (5) __________ a lt mre abut ur slar system, and we have sent (6) __________ t Mars, but n ne has walked n that planet (7) ________. But I believe ne day smene will!
Arund the wrld
Names f the days f the week
Many Eurpean languages use the names f the heavenly bdies fr the days f the week. Fr example, in English, Saturday is named after the planet Saturn, the sixth planet frm the sun. Sunday is the day f the sun, a traditinal day f rest. Mnday gets its name frm the mn and is the day f the mn.
Sunday（星期日）：这是一周中的第一天。太阳（sun）在北欧人的心目中是极其神圣的。为了表示对太阳的敬仰，人们把每周的第一天命名为Sunday。Mnday（星期一）：这是一周中的第二天。为了表达对月亮（mn）的敬仰，人们把这一天称作mn day，后来演变为Mnday。Tuesday（星晴二）：这是一周中的第三天。北欧神话里有一个战神叫做Tyr，他机智勇敢，守护人类的平安。为了纪念他，英语中就以他的名字命名为星期二。
Wednesday（星期三）：是以北欧神话中的主神Wden的名字命名的。Wden是北欧神话中掌管文化、艺术、战争等的最高神。Thursday（星期四）：是以北欧神话中的雷神Thr的名字命名的。Thr是北欧神话中最强大、最勇敢的神，是雷电之神。 Friday（星期五）：是以爱神的名字命名的。北欧神话中的爱神、婚姻女神叫做Frigga，相当于罗马神话中的“维纳斯”。Saturday（星期六）：这是一周中的第七天。它是以罗马的农神Saturn的名字命名的。因此是“农神日”，是唯一保留罗马名称的一天。
Mdule task: Making a pster abut space travel
Wrk in grups. Chse a subject, fr example, the first mn landing r China’s manned space travels. Lk fr sme phts and infrmatin abut it.
Language in use
学习目标：复习现在完成时的用法掌握already,just和yet的用法。
Scientists have sent spaceship t Mars. The jurney has taken several mnths.
Astrnauts have already been t the mn.
N ne has been t Mars yet, because Mars is very far away, much farther than the mn.
Scientists have als discvered many ther galaxies in the universe.
Scientists have sent spaceship t the planet Mars t take phts. They have even sent spaceships t travel utside the slar system.
N spaceship has travelled far enugh t reach ther stars in ur Galaxy.
1. I’ve just made a mdel spaceship. 2. Has it arrived yet? 3. Astrnauts have already been t the mn.4. We have nt fund life n any ther planets yet.
Language practice
在现在完成时的句子中，already (已经)、just(刚刚)常用于肯定句，放在have和has的后面。yet(还、尚、仍然)常用于否定句和疑问句,（放在have和has的后面也可放在句末）。
Spaceship n Mars!Astrnauts have (1) ________ been t the mn but they have nt been t any ther planets. Hwever, a spaceship (2) _______ arrived n Mars and it has (3) _______ sent back phts f the red planet. Is there life n Mars? We d nt knw (4) ________.
1.Cmplete the news with already, just and yet.
Presentatin
have/has been t与have/has gne t的区别:have/has been t表示某人“去过某地，现在已经回来了”。have/has gne t表示某人“去某地了”，这个人已经不在这里了。
The spaceship has gne t Mars. It has gne there, but it has nt cme back yet.Astrnauts have been t the mn. They went there and then they came back.
2.Lk at these sentences.
1. Astrnauts have been / gne t the mn and returned.2. The spaceship has been / gne int space. It will travel fr ten days.
Nw chse the crrect answer.
3. The astrnaut has been / gne t the space statin. He will cme back tmrrw.4. The spaceship has been / gne t the space statin. It brught back tw astrnauts.
3.Cmplete the sentences with the expressins in the bx.
1. A spaceship ____________ t Mars. It is cming back t the earth next year.
2. Lts f astrnauts ___________ t the space statin. They fund it very interesting.3. Sme astrnauts ____________ t the mn twice.4. Tw British astrnauts __________ t the space statin. They will cme back in January.
现在完成时(2)当表示动作已经完成，并对现在有一定影响时，我们一般用现在完成时。同时，可分用just, already或yet加以强调或说明。例如：I have just heard the news.我刚听到消息。
Astrnauts have already been t the mn. 宇航员已经去过月球了。He has just started t explre ther planets. 我们才刚刚开始探索其他行星。可以看出，just用来表示“刚刚”， already用来表示“已经”，两者都用于肯定句中，一般是置于have / has之后。在否定句中则可用yet, 表示“还未”， 有“以后可以会”的含义。例如：
The scientists have nt heard frm it yet. 科学家还没有收到它发出的信息。Man has nt discvered any life in space yet. 人类尚未在太空中发现生命。 另外，在使用现在完成时的时候，要注意与一般过去时的区别。现在完成时在表达经历时只表示该事件是在现在之前的某一个时间里发生的，重点在于已完成动作对现在的影响。
而一般过去时则表示在过去某一具体时间发生的事情。例如：I have just been t Lndn. I went there last mnth.我刚去过伦敦，上个月去的。I have already finished my hmewrk. I finished it an hur ag. 我已经完成家庭作业了，一小时前完成的。
在没有明确的过去时间状语时，如何判断该用现在完成时还是该用过去时呢？判断的标准是看该行为是否对现在有影响，也就是说该句强调的是什么。试看以下对话：A: Where have yu put my bk? I can’t find it. 你把我的书放哪儿去了？我找不到。
B: I put it n yur desk yesterday. 我昨天放你桌子上了。该对话中，当A问对方把自己的书放在何处时，A 感兴趣的是现在的状态，因此用现在完成时。但是B回答时只是说明当时放的位置，所以用一般过去时。再看下面的对话：
A: Wuld yu like t g and see the film with me tnight? 你今晚想和我去看电影吗？B: Srry, I have seen it already. 不好意思，我已经看过那部电影了。对话中的现在完成时表示对结果的强调：“电影看过了，所以不想再看了。
Nicky: I’ve just (1) ________ (watch) a great TV prgramme abut space. Did yu knw that scientists have (2) __________ (discver) water n Mars? Bill: Yes, I did. And scientists (3) __________ (try) t find life n Mars nw.
4.Cmplete the cnversatin with the crrect frm f the verbs in brackets.
Nicky: Yes, they’re lking fr life but they (4) ____________ (nt find) anything yet. Bill: There were sme new phts f Mars in the newspaper tday. (5) _______ yu ______ (see) them yet?Nicky: Yes. They’re amazing!
haven’t find
Have seen
Rle–play the cnversatin in Activity 4.
Wrk in pairs
6.Cmplete the email with the wrds in the bx.
FROM: Liu DanTO: Li FangSUBJECT: I’ve fund a great bk.
Dear Li Fang,I’ve (1) ________ finished reading a great bk at schl. I haven’t (2) ________ anything as gd as that fr a lng time! It’s a stry abut the slar system. In the bk, the writer imagines that astrnauts have (3) _______ t Mars. I’ve (4) ________ thught abut that befre and I think it’s very interesting.
I haven’t (5) _______ anyne famus in my life but I hpe ne day I can meet an astrnaut. I’ve (6) ________ t a Chinese astrnaut fr mre infrmatin abut space and his experience f space travel. I hpe he will write back. He hasn’t (7) _______. Maybe he is t busy. I’m still waiting.Best wishes, Liu Dan
7.Listen and cmplete the ntes.1. The astrnaut jined CNSA _________ years ag.2. He has flwn in a spaceship ________ times.3. He felt __________ when he was in the spaceship.
Listening practice
4. He has been t the space statin _________.5. The earth was blue and very ___________ when he saw it frm the space statin.6. He decided t be an astrnaut because he has always been __________ in space.
8.Cmplete the wrd map with the wrds and expressins in the bx.
space travel
slar system
space statin
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Nw add mre wrds abut space t the wrd map and write five sentences.
We’ve just read a stry abut a space statin near the sun.Astrnauts haven’t been t the sun, because it’s t ht.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Spaceships are travelling in ur slar system at the mment.I am interested in space and the stars and planets in ur galaxy.I think scientists will send astrnauts t Mars ne day.
9.Cmplete the passage with the crrect frm f the wrds in the bx.
In July 1969, Neil Armstrng became the first (1) __________ t walk n the (2) ___________. Peple all arund the wrld watched their televisins
and waited fr the (3) ___________ t (4) ___________ the earth. We have nw (5) __________ a lt mre abut ur slar system, and we have sent (6) __________ t Mars, but n ne has walked n that planet (7) ________. But I believe ne day smene will!
Arund the wrld
Names f the days f the week
Many Eurpean languages use the names f the heavenly bdies fr the days f the week. Fr example, in English, Saturday is named after the planet Saturn, the sixth planet frm the sun. Sunday is the day f the sun, a traditinal day f rest. Mnday gets its name frm the mn and is the day f the mn.
Sunday（星期日）：这是一周中的第一天。太阳（sun）在北欧人的心目中是极其神圣的。为了表示对太阳的敬仰，人们把每周的第一天命名为Sunday。Mnday（星期一）：这是一周中的第二天。为了表达对月亮（mn）的敬仰，人们把这一天称作mn day，后来演变为Mnday。Tuesday（星晴二）：这是一周中的第三天。北欧神话里有一个战神叫做Tyr，他机智勇敢，守护人类的平安。为了纪念他，英语中就以他的名字命名为星期二。
Wednesday（星期三）：是以北欧神话中的主神Wden的名字命名的。Wden是北欧神话中掌管文化、艺术、战争等的最高神。Thursday（星期四）：是以北欧神话中的雷神Thr的名字命名的。Thr是北欧神话中最强大、最勇敢的神，是雷电之神。 Friday（星期五）：是以爱神的名字命名的。北欧神话中的爱神、婚姻女神叫做Frigga，相当于罗马神话中的“维纳斯”。Saturday（星期六）：这是一周中的第七天。它是以罗马的农神Saturn的名字命名的。因此是“农神日”，是唯一保留罗马名称的一天。
Mdule task: Making a pster abut space travel
Wrk in grups. Chse a subject, fr example, the first mn landing r China’s manned space travels. Lk fr sme phts and infrmatin abut it.
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