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    2021年牛津译林版八年级上1-8单元语法整理及配套练习

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    2021年牛津译林版八年级上1-8单元语法整理及配套练习

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    这是一份2021年牛津译林版八年级上1-8单元语法整理及配套练习,共5页。主要包含了语法专题-形容词和副词的比较级,反身代词,祈使句,may的用法,动词不定式的用法,句子结构,过去进行时等内容,欢迎下载使用。
    一、语法专题-形容词和副词的比较级
    (一)形容词的比较等级(1)—用法讲解
    大多数的形容词都有三个级别:原级、比较级、最高级。其中比较级表示“更……”,用于两者之间的比较,用来说明“前者比后者更……”,比较级前面一般用much, even, a little修饰,其中even, much 只能修饰比较级。最高级表示“最……”,用于三者及三者以上之间的比较,用来说明“某人或某物在某个范围内最……”
    ① 形容词的比较级(-er)和最高级(-est)的构成X k B 1 . c m
    a. 规则变化之口诀:直接加;去e加;双写加;变着加
    b. 不规则变化
    原级
    比较级
    最高级
    gd / well
    better
    best
    bad / ill
    wrse
    wrst
    many / much
    mre
    mst
    little
    less
    least
    far
    farther, further
    farther, further
    ld
    lder, elder
    ldest, eldest
    ② 形容词的比较级和最高级的构成及用法
    ③ 比较级前的修饰语
    still, even, any, quite(a bit), almst, nearly, just, rather;a little, a bit;much, a lt, far, many;twice, ten times, ne furth, tw punds, three years
    【小试牛刀】
    1. I can't run any ____________(far). Shall we stp fr a while?
    2. It is nt s (ht) tday as it was yesterday,
    3. ______________ (hard) yu study, ____________ (gd) yu will be at English.
    4.--Which d yu like ____________ (well), English, Maths r Chinese?
    --English is my favrite subject. X k B 1 . c m
    5. Our cuntry is becming _______________ and ________________ (beautiful).
    Keys: 1、farther 2、ht 3、The harder, the better 4、best 5、mre, mre beautiful
    (二)形容词的比较等级(2)—常见句型
    ① A=B A+ V + as + adj./adv. + as + B (与。。。一样)
    He is as tall as I/me. 他和我一样高。
    He is as gd a teacher as his father.他和他的父亲一样是个好教师。
    ②A≠ B A + V + nt + as/s + adj./adv. + as + B (与。。。不一样)
    They didn’t d as/s much wrk as yu did. 他们干得事没有你多。
    I’ve never seen as/s ld a car as this.我从来没有见过像这样旧的车。
    ③A > B 或A < B A + V + 比较级 + than + B (比。。。。。。)
    Tm is tw years lder than his brther. 汤姆比他的弟弟大两岁。
    Our classrm is bigger than theirs. 我们的教室比他们的大。
    ④表示倍数A + V + twice/fur times/… + as + adj./adv. + as + B(A是B的两倍/四倍/…)
    This rm is twice as large as that ne. 整个房间是那房间的两倍大。
    The earth is 49 times as big as the mn.地球是月球的49倍大。
    ⑤表示程度的递增
    主语 + V + 比较级+ and+比较级 (…越来越…)
    主语 + V + mre and mre+ +adj./adv. (…越来越…)
    The days are getting shrter and shrter.白天变得越来越长了。
    Our cuntry is becming mre and mre beautiful.我们的国家变得越来越美了。
    ⑥表示两种情况同时变化
    The+ 比较级+ 主语+ V + …,the+ 比较级+ 主语+ V + …(…越…越…)
    The mre we get tgether, the happier we’ll be.=If we get tgether mre, we’ll be happier.
    我们聚得越多,我们就会越高兴。
    The harder yu study, the better yu’ll be at English.= If yu study harder, yu’ll be better at English.
    你学习越努力,你的英语成绩越好。
    ⑦ 主语+ be +ne f the+ 最高级 + n.(pl.) + in/f… (…是最…之一)
    Beijing is ne f the ldest cities in China.北京是中国最古老的城市之一。
    ⑧ 主语+ V。+ the+ 最高级 + in/f… (…最…)
    Ann studies hardest f all the girls in ur class.安妮是我们班学习最用功的学生之一。
    ⑨ 主语+ V。+ the+ 比较级 + f the tw… (…较…的)
    Lily is the taller f the twins.莉莉是这两个双胞胎中较高的那个。
    ⑩主语+ V。+ 比较级 + than + any ther +n. (单数) + in… (…比任何其他的更…)

    主语+ V。+ 比较级 + than + any f the ther +n. (复数) + in…(…比任何其他的更…)
    He is taller than any ther student in his class.他比他班级中其他的任何学生高。
    = He is taller than any f the ther students in his class.
    = He is the tallest students in his class.
    【小试牛刀】
    1. It is nt s______________ (beautiful) as the ne back hme.
    2. Li Lin is nt as______________ (active)as he used t be.
    3. The air pllutin is much______________ (serius)in ur city than in theirs.
    4. This is ne f the______________(delicius)dishes in this restaurant.
    5. Judy gt the______________(many)new ideas f all the students here.
    Keys: 1、beautiful 2、active 3、mre serius 4、the mst delicius 5、the mst
    (三)易错点讲解
    命题角度1 形容词、副词的位置以及易混淆的形容词的用法
    典型例题
    1.( 典型例题 ) This __ girls are Linda’s cusin. X Kb 1 .C m
    A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty
    C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish
    [考场错解] D
    [专家把脉] 本题考查考生多个形容词作定语时的位置关系。参见下文的规律总结。
    [对症下药] A
    2.(典型例题) t take adventure curse will certainly learn a lt useful skills.
    A. Brave enugh students B. Enugh brave students C. Students brave enugh D. Students enugh brave
    [考场错解] A
    [专家把脉] 考生本题容易出错的地方是:通常单个形容词作定语要前置,所以常常误选丸英语中有些形容词作定语时要后置,如:大多数以字母a开头的形容词;形容词修饰不定代词时等。本题中,enugh作副词修饰形容词或副词通常要后置。又因为students作句子的主语,要放在句子的开头,修饰它的形容词放在其后。故答案为C。
    [对症下药] C
    3.(典型例题 ) students are required t take part in the bat race.
    A. Ten strng yung Chinese B. Ten Chinese strng yung C. Chinese ten yung strng D. Yung strng ten Chinese
    [考场错解] B 新 课 标 第 一 网
    [专家把脉] 本题容易受汉语习惯的影响从而导致误选。解答的关键是弄懂其排列顺序问题。可参见下文的“规律总结”。
    [对症下药] A
    总结:
    1.英语中某些副词短语的意义和用法很重要。 这类短语常见的还有: mre than, n mre than, t much, much t, by far, mre than, mre… than, n less than, nt less than 等,在平常练习中要加以注意。
    2.意义相近的形容词和副词的用法要加以注意: hard, hardly; deep, deeply; high, highly; dead,deadly; mst, mstly; fair, fairly; quite, fairly, rather; almst, nearly; such 等。
    3.多个形容词同时一个名词时,多用下列顺序:性质+大小+形状+新旧+颜色,有时也要看与名词的密切关系,越密切越靠近名词。多个词同时作前置定语时的一般排列规律是:代词性定语+冠词/指/物主/所有格+数词(先序后基)+形容词+国籍/材料/用途形容词或名词或动名词+被修饰的名词。例如:a charming small rund ld brwn French ak writing table.
    训练:
    1 Excuse me, but can I brrw yur pencil- bx?
    A. blue cheap plastic B. cheap blue plastic C. plastic blue cheap D. plastic cheap blue
    答案: B
    解析:最近的是材料,最远的是一般性描绘形容词cheap。
    2 Mr. Evans is wise than smart. Few peple can slve such a prblem.
    A. n less B. n mre C. less D. mre
    答案: D
    解析:mre…than…与其说……不如说……。
    3 Whever has sense knws that smking is harmftd t peple’s health.
    A. nrmal B. general C. rdinary D. cmmn
    答案: D X k B 1 . c m
    解析:根据语境,“拥有一般常识的人”,用cmmn 来表示“普通的,平常的”。
    命题角度2 形容词、副词的比较级结构;形容词、副词前面使用冠词的情况以及倍数的表达方法
    典型例题
    1.(典型例题)David has wn the first prize in singing; he is still very excited nw and feels __ desire t g t bed.
    A. the mst B. mre C. wrse D. the least
    [考场错解] A或C
    [专家把脉] 解答本题首先要理解语境。David刚刚获奖,还很兴奋,那么睡觉的欲望当然是很少了。the least表示“最少的”的意思。
    [对症下药] D
    2.(典型例题) Mary kept weighing herself t see hw much__ she was getting.
    A. heavier B. heavy C. the heavier D. the heaviest
    [考场错解] B
    [专家把脉] 本题最容易出错的地方是考生难以理解句意中暗含的比较,常常会误选D.囚此,读懂题干是关键。在此基础上就不难理解玛丽所做的目的是“看看 (比以前)重了多少”。
    [对症下药] A
    3.(典型例题) The huse rent is expensive. I’ve gt abut half the space I had at hme and I paying here.
    A. as three times much B. as much three times C. much as three times D. three times as much
    [考场错解] A
    [专家把脉] 在表达倍数时,比较级的修饰词要放在 结构之前。同时本题又是一个省略句,这都是错误的根源。具体用法参见下文的“规律总结”。
    [对症下药] D
    总结:
    1.形容词和副词比较级和最高级前的冠词用法:形容词最高级前须加the,副词最高级前都可以。做表语的形容词前如果没有比较范围和比较对象也可省去the,比较级在特指意义时须加the,泛指时可数单数须加a/an.Mst + 原级形容词的结构中,前面用不定冠词a,an或无冠词时,并非是最高级意思,mst意思为“very(非常)”。
    2.形容词比较级的倍数表达方式:比较级修饰词+ as + adj./adV.十as和比较级修饰词+ as + many/much+ n.+ as.在“”结构中,第一个as是副词,修饰形容词或副词,强调程度。当某些副词如s,as,t,hw等用来修饰名词前的形容词时;不定冠词放在该形容词之后,名词之前。后一个as引导比较状语从句。表示倍数的三个句 型是:
    (1)… times as + 形容词原级 + as…例如:
    This table is three times as big as that ne. X| k |B| 1 . c| O |m
    (2)… times +性质名词 + f … 例如:
    This table is three times bigger than that ne.
    3.比较级前可以用 even, still,a bit /little,much, a lt, far, by far, n, any等修饰,表示程度。最高级前可以有序数词,by far, nearly, almst, by n means, nt really ,nt quite, nthing like等来修饰。例如:
    —Is yur father any better? 你父亲好些了吗?
    —Yes,much better.是的,好多了。
    I’d like t buy the secnd mst expensive laptp.
    4.形容词副词比较的对象应该相同但不能相互包容。常用以下结构形式:
    比较级 + than +any ther + 单数名词;比较级 + than + anyne else;比较级 + than +any f the ther +复数名词。
    例如:
    China is larger than any ther cuntry in Asia /all the ther cuntries in Asia.
    The weather here is clder than that f Huanggang.
    The cmputers made in ur factry are better than thse in yur factry,
    训练
    1 Yu’d better g and buy sme tmates fr the dinner party, fr yu see, there are _ _ tmates left in the basket than I imagined.
    A. far mre B. far fewer C. many mre D. many fewer
    答案: B
    解析:far修饰比较级。
    2 — Are yu satisfied with his wrk?
    — Well, I’m afraid it culdn’t be __ .
    A. any better B. the best C. any wrse D. the wrst
    答案: C
    解析:否定词和比较级连用相当于最高级。新-课-标 -第- 一-网
    3 Exercise is _ _ any ther t lse unwanted weight.
    A. s useful a way B. as a useful way C. as useful a way D. such a useful way
    答案: C
    二、反身代词
    (一)反身代词用法讲解
    1、反身代词的构成
    反身代词又称自身代词,有人称和数的变化。其中,第一、二人称的反身代词由“形容词性物主代词 + 后缀-self(单数)/ - selves(复数)”构成,第三人称的反身代词由“人称代词的宾格 + 后缀-self(单数)/ - selves(复数)”构成。
    【家庭成员】
    人称
    第一人称
    第二人称
    第三人称
    单数
    myself
    yurself
    himself herself itself
    复数
    urselves
    yurselves
    themselves



    2、反身代词的用法
    ① She called herself Xia Zhang. 她自称小张。
    ② We can lk after urselves well. 我们会照顾好自己的。
    ③ The pr by in the stry is myself. 故事里的那个可怜的男孩就是我自己
    ④ They finished the wrk themselves. 他们独自完成了工作。
    ⑤ Did yu see Mr. Wang himself? 你见过 王先生本人吗?
    【规律总结】
    反身代词可以作动词或介词的宾语,如例句①②;可以作表语,如例句③;可以作主语或宾语的同位语,用于加强语气,意为“亲自,本人”,如例句④⑤。
    ★一些常用的固定搭配
    lk after neself / take care f neself 照顾自己
    teach neself sth. / learn sth. by neself 自学
    enjy neself 玩得高兴,过得愉快
    help neself t sth. 请自用……(随便吃/喝些……)
    hurt neself摔伤自己
    say t neself 自言自语
    (二)易错点讲解
    ① 反身代词不能单独做主语,但可以做主语的同位语,起强调作用。例如:
    我自己能完成作业。(误)Myself can finish my hmewrk.
    (正)I myself can finish my hmewrk.
    ② 反身代词表示“某人自己”,不能表示“某人自己的东西”,因为它没有所有格的形式。表达“某人自己的(东西)”时,须要用ne’s wn. 例如:
    我用我自己的蜡笔画画。(误)I’m drawing with myself crayns.
    (正)I’m drawing with my wn crayns.
    【趁热打铁】用合适的反身代词填空。xKb 1.C m
    1. Danny, can yu d it by __________?
    2. Lily is ld enugh t lk after ________ nw.
    3. Please help _________ t the fd, Jenny and Brian.
    4. They are enjying ___________ in the park nw.
    5. I want t g shpping. I want t buy _________ a T-shirt.
    Keys:1. yurself 2. herself 3. yurselves 4. themselves 5. myself
    三、祈使句
    (一)祈使句用法讲解
    祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语yu常省略,谓语动词用原形,句末用感叹号或句号,读降调。
    1. 肯定的祈使句
    (1)动词原形+其他
    Stand up, please. = Please stand up. 请起立。
    (2)Be + n./adj.
    Be a gd by! 要做一个好孩子! Be careful! = Lk ut! = Take care! 小心 / 当心!
    (3)Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分
    Let me help yu. 让我来帮你。 Let’s g t schl tgether. 咱们一起上学去吧。
    2. 否定的祈使句
    (1) Dn't + 动词原形
    Dn't stand up. 别站起来。
    Dn't be careless. 别粗心。
    Dn't let them play with fire. 别让他们玩火。
    (2) Let型的否定式有两种:“Dn't + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语
    + nt + 动词原形 + 其它成分”。
    Dn't let him g. / Let him nt g. 别让他走。
    Let them nt play with fire. 别让他们玩火。
    (3) n开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。X|k | B | 1 . c |O |m
    N smking! 禁止吸烟!N fishing! 禁止钓鱼!
    3. 祈使句的强调形式,通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词D。
    例如:D shut up! 快住口!
    4. 祈使句的回答 祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作,所以回答祈使句时,一般用
    will或wn’t。
    在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时,要注意两点:
    形式一致(即Yes与will保持一致;N与wn’t保持一致)
    2) 意思相反(即Yes是 “不”的意思;N是 “是”的意思)。
    在回答时,要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。
    如:--- Dn’t g ut, please. It’s raining heavily utside. 请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。
    ---- Yes, I will. I have t meet my brther at the airprt. 不行,我得去机场接我弟弟。

    (二)易错点讲解
    1、放句首时,要注意Dn’t后面要用动词原形;
    2、当人称后面有标点符号时,要注意是用祈使句还是用三单。
    如:Lucy, dn’t be late again.
    Lucy, a 17-year-ld girl, is nt late again.
    3、祈使句与r的搭配, 如:Hands up, r we’ll sht.
    【趁热打铁】
    1. _______ late again, Bill!
    A. Dn't t be B. Dn't be C. Nt be D. Be nt
    2. _______ crss the rad until the traffic lights turn green.
    A. Nt B. Wn't C. Desn't D. Dn't
    3. Kate, _______ yur hmewrk here tmrrw.
    A. bring B. brings C. t bring D. bringing
    4. ________ me the truth, r I'll be angry.
    A. Telling B. T tell C. Tld D. Tell
    5 .Her dctr said: “________ wrk s hard”
    A Stp B Dn’t C Can’t D N w W w .X k b 1.c O m
    6. Sindy, ________ t be here at 8 ’clck
    A is sure B is sure that C will be sure D be sure
    7.________ when yu crss the rad.
    A D care B Care C D be careful D T be careful
    8. ________ in bed. It’s bad fr yur eyes.
    A Nt t read B Dn’t read C Dn’t t read D Nt read
    9 ______ tell a lie.
    A Hardly B Nt C N D Never
    Keys: 1-5 BDADB 6-9 DCBD
    四、shuld和had better
    (一)shuld用法讲解
    1. 用于第一人称疑问句,表征询意见。如:Shuld I pen the windw? 我可以开窗户吗?
    2. shuld表义务,可用于各种句式,通常指将来。
    如:Yu shuld d what yur parents tell yu. 你应该照你父母的话去做事。
    He shuld d sme wrk, but he desn’t want t.他应该做些工作,但是他不想做。
    也可指现在。如:
    Yu shuldn’t be sitting in the sun. 你不应该坐在阳光下。
    3. shuld表推测,暗含很大的可能。如:
    It’s 4:30. They shuld be in New Yrk by nw. 现在是四点半,他们应该到达纽约了。
    (二)had better用法讲解新 课 标 第 一 网
    1. had better的基本用法特点
    其意为“最好”、“应该”,后接动词原形,与情态动词shuld用法相似,其中的had通常缩略为 ‘d。如:
    Yu’d better get sme sleep.你最好去睡一会儿。
    We had better g befre it rains.我们最好在下雨前就去。
    2. had better如何构成否定式和疑问式
    构成否定式时,通常将nt置于had better之后(而不是had之后);而构成疑问式时,则通常将had(而不是had better)置于主语之前。如:
    I’d better nt disturb him.我最好别去打扰他。
    What had we better d? 我们最好怎么办?
    【注】在否定疑问句或反意疑问句中可将nt与had连用。如:
    Hadn’t we better g nw? 我们是不是现在就去呢?
    3. had better后接进行式
    有时后接动词的进行式,表示最好马上做某事如:
    I think I’d better be ging.我想我最好还是马上走。
    Yu’d better be getting yur clthes ready. 你最好马上把衣服准备好。
    【趁热打铁】
    句式转换:
    Yu shuld g t schl n time.(否定句)
    _________________________________________________________________
    Yu had better get here early.(否定句)
    _________________________________________________________________
    Yu shuld dress neatly.(同义句)
    _________________________________________________________________
    We’d better put the rubbish in the bin.(划线提问)
    _________________________________________________________________
    Keys: 1 Yu shuldn’t g t schl n time. 2 Yu had better nt get here early.
    3. Yu had better dress neatly 4. Where shuld we put the rubbish?
    单选
    ( )1. This dictinary belngs t Rita. Yu ____________ it hme withut letting her knw.
    A. had better nt t take B. shuldn’t take C. needn’t take D. shuldn’t be taking
    ( )2. This is a very imprtant prject,s yu _______ plan it very carefully.
    A. shuld B. will C. dare D. need
    ( )3. Yu had better ________ ftball near the street,it’s very dangerus.
    A. nt t play B. dn’t play C. nt play D. t nt play
    ( )4. Our mney is very limited, s yu ___________ s much mney n s dear a skirt.
    A. shuldn’t spent B. shuldn’t be spending C. needn’t spent D. wn’t spend
    Keys: BACA
    五、may的用法
    1、can, culd的用法
    1. 表能力,意为“能、会”。
    例:Can yu play basketball? 你会打篮球么?
    2. 表怀疑、猜测,常用于否定句和疑问句中。
    例:He can’t be in the rm. 他不可能在房间里。
    3. 表请求或允许,多用于口语中,意为“可以”,相当于may.
    例:Yu can(may) g nw. 你现在可以走了。
    4. culd是 can的过去式,可以表示过去的能力。
    例:I can swim when I was seven years ld.我七岁时就会游泳。
    –Culd I g t the mvie this weekend, Dad?
    -- Yes, yu ______. But yu have t cme back befre nine.
    A. shall B. must C. need D. can
    【答案】D
    2、may的用法
    1. 表推测,意为“可能,也许”,用于肯定句中。
    He may cme tmrrw. 他明天可能会来。
    2.表请求、许可,意为“可以”。
    例:May I brrw yur bk? 我可以借用你的书么?
    注意:may表请求,用于主语为第一人称的一般疑问句时,
    其否定回答用mustn’t或can’t, 不用may nt, 意为“不可以,不允许,禁止”。
    例:--May I g nw? 我现在可以走了么?
    --N, yu mustn’t. 不,不可以。
    3. can 和may均可用来表示征求意见或允许,意为“可以”,一般可互换使用。
    may 的基本用法就是表示请求时的“可以”和猜测时的“可能”,但要再次强调may 表示猜测时是可以用在肯定句、否定句中的。另外,may引起的一般疑问句,其回答需要注意:肯定回答可以使用may或者can都可以,但否定回答则不能用may nt, 只能用can’t 或者mustn’t.
    -- _____ I take the newspaper away?
    --N, yu mustn’t. Yu _____ read it nly here.
    A. Must, can B. May, can C. Need, must D. Must, must
    【答案】B
    【趁热打铁】
    1. The man in the ffice ________ be Mr. Black, because he went hme just nw.
    A. mustn’t B. may nt C. can’t D. needn’t
    2. Jhn___ cme t see us tnight, but he isn't very sure yet.
    A. may B. can C. has t D. must
    3 —May I take this bk ut? —N, yu___.
    A. can't B. may nt C. needn't D. aren't
    4. —He___ be in the classrm, I think.
    —N, he ___ be in the classrm. I saw him g hme a minute ag.
    A. can; may nt B. must; may nt C. may; can't D. may; mustn't
    5. ___ I take this ne?
    A. May B. Will C. Are D. D
    CAACA
    http://ww w.xkb 1.cm
    六、动词不定式的用法
    初二上学期所学的动词不定式主要做宾语和目的状语
    1、动词不定式作宾语
    一些动词,如want, decide, hpe, ask, agree, chse, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare,等,常接动词不定式作宾语。当动词不定式作宾语时,如果后接宾语补足语,常用it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语之后。应注意有些动词后面可接不定式作宾语,也可接动名词作宾语,但所表达的意义不同。
    常见的有:(1)stp t d sth.停止正在做的事,去做另一件事;stp ding sth. .停止正在做的事
    (2)g n t d sth. 做完一件事后,继续做另一件事;g n ding sth.继续做同一件事
    (3)remember/frget t d sth.记住/忘记去做某事;remember/frget ding sth. 记得/忘记做过某事
    有一些动词后面后面是省略t的情况,如see, watch, lk at, hear, make, let, help等。
    常考词组:expect t d 期望做。 refuse t d 拒绝做。 plan t d计划做。 decide t d 决定做。
    agree t d 同意做。 learn t d 学会做。 hpe t d 希望做。 prepare t d 准备做。
    want t d 想做。 chse t d 选择做。 wait t d 等待做。wish t d 希望做。
    2、动词不定式作状语
    动词不定式作状语主要用来修饰动词,表示目的,结果或原因。为了强调目的,有时可以把动词不定式放在句首,或在不定式前加in rder或s as。常用结构有t + adj./adv. + t dsth.等。
    【趁热打铁】
    1. It tk half an hur _______(get) t the Wrld Park frm Kitty’s schl.
    2. It was interesting _______(see) s many places f interest frm all ver the wrld.
    3. They want _______(save) time by using shrter wrds and phrases.
    4. Kitty’s classmate Daniel taught himself hw _______(make) a hme page.
    5. He put his phts n it fr everyne _______(lk) at.
    6. Help him _______(put) the phts in the crrect rder.
    7. He made the girl _______(cry) yesterday.
    8. It’s time fr class. Please stp _______(talk). http://ww w.xkb 1.cm
    9. I’d like _______(g) t the Temple f Heaven.
    Keys: 1. t get2. t see3. t save 4. t make 5. t lk6. (t)put 7. cry 8. talking9. t g
    七、句子结构
    简单句的五个基本句型
    主语 + 不及物动词 She came./ My head aches.
    主语 + 及物动词 +宾语 She likes English.
    主语 + 系动词 +主语补语 She is happy.
    主语 + 双宾动词 +间接宾语 +直接宾语 She gave Jhn a bk.
    She bught a bk fr me.
    主语 + 宾补动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补语She makes her mther angry.
    【趁热打铁】
    1. Our schl is nt far frm my hme. 2. It is a great pleasure t talk with yu

    3. All f us cnsidered him hnest. 4. My grandfather bught me a pair f sprts shes.

    5. He brke a piece f glass. 6. He made it clear that he wuld leave the city.

    7. ---I lve yu mre than her,child. 8. Tees turn green when spring cmes.

    9. They pushed the dr pen. 10. Grandma tld me an interesting stry last night.

    11. He wrte carefully sme letters t his friends. 12.All the students think highly f his teaching

    13. We need a place twice larger than this ne. 14. He asked us t sing an English sng.

    15. Dn't get nervus,help yurself t what yu like.16.We will make ur schl mre beautiful.

    17. He didn't cme.That is why he didn't knw.18. She shwed us her many f her pictures.

    19. The ld man lives a lnely life.

    20. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did nt happen in the center f twn.

    1.主语 + 系动词 + 表语 2.主语 + 系动词 + 表语
    3.主语 +动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 4.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
    5.主语 +及物动词 +宾语 6.主语 +动词 + 形式宾语it+ 宾语补足语+宾语
    7.主语 +及物动词 +宾语 8.主语 + 系动词 + 表语
    9.主语 +动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 10.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
    11.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 12主语 +及物动词 +宾语
    13.主语 +及物动词 +宾语 14.主语 +动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语
    15.主语 + 系动词 + 表语 16.主语 +动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语
    17.主语 + 系动词 + 表语 18.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
    19.主语 + 不及物动词 20.主语 + 不及物动词
    八、过去进行时
    (一)定义
    过去进行时,是表示过去某个具体时刻正在进行的事情或动作。
    (二)结构
    was/were +ding (现在分词)
    (三)用法新 课 标 第 一 网
    1、过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。常用的时间状语this mrning, the whle mrning, all day yesterday, frm nine t ten last evening, when, while例如:
    (1)We were watching TV frm seven t nine last night.
    昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。
    (2)What was he researching all day last Sunday?
    上周日他一整天都在研究什么?
    2. 过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。如: What was she ding at nine 'clck yesterday?
    昨天晚上九点她在做什么? (介词短语表示时间点)
    When I saw him he was decrating his rm.
    当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。 (when从句表示时间点)
    3. 在复合句中,如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的,那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。例如:
    While he was waiting fr the bus, he was reading a newspaper.
    他边等车边看报。 (两个动作都是延续的)
    He was cleaning his car while I was cking.
    他擦车时我在做饭。(两个动作同时进行)
    4、表示在过去即将发生的动作。如:
    She asked him whether he was cming back fr supper.
    5、表示过去的反复性或习惯性的动作,常与副词always,cnstantly,cntinually,frequently等连用,常常带有说话人的某种感情色彩。如:
    His mther was always wrking like that.他目前总是那样工作。
    6. 通常不能用于过去进行时的动词主要有:agree, be, believe, belng, care, frget, hate, have(拥有), hear, knw, like, lve, mean, mind, ntice, wn, remember, seem, suppse, understand, want, wish等。
    (四)过去进行时与一般过去时的区别
    (1)过去进行时与一般过去时,两者都表示过去发生的动作,但过去进行时表示在过去某一特定的时间点或时间段正在进行的动作,而一般过去时表示在过去时间完成的动作。例如:
    I was typing a letter last night. 昨晚我在打一封信。(可能没打完)
    I typed sme letters last night. 我昨晚打了一些信。(已经打完)
    A. 过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成,而一般过时往往表示某一动作已经完成。
    I was reading the bk at that time. (未读完,“读”的片段)
    I read the bk yesterday. (已读完,表整个“读”)
    B、一般过去时表示只做一次动作,而过去进行时却表示动作反复地进行。
    She waved t me. 她朝我挥了挥手。http://ww w.xkb 1.cm
    It was raining all night.(优先用was raining ,rained 为持续动词,故也可使用)
    He was writing a letter the whle f afternn. (短暂动词与持续时间连用,表反复,连续发生,不可用一般过去时)
    【趁热打铁】
    1. I ______ a meal when yu _____ me.
    a. cked, were ringing b. was cking, rang c. was cking, were ringing d. cked, rang
    2. He said he _____ t draw a plane n the blackbard at that time.
    a. tries b. tried c. was trying d. will try
    3. While she ______ TV, she ______ a sund utside the rm.
    a. was watching, was hearing b. watched, was hearing c. watched, heard d. was watching, heard
    4. They _____ a ftball game frm 7 t 9 last night.
    a. were watching b. watch c. watched d. are watching
    5. What bk ____ yu ______ when I ____ yu at fur yesterday afternn?
    a. did, read, was seeing b. did, read, saw c. were, reading, saw d. were, reading, was seeing
    6. It was Friday evening. Mr and Mrs. Green _____ ready t fly t England.
    a. are getting b. get c. were getting d. gt
    7. Lei Feng _____ always _____ f thers when he ______ in the army.
    a. is, thinking, was b. was, thinking, is c. did, think, is d. was, thinking, was
    8. A girl ______ my pen fall ff the table when she _____ me.
    a. saw, passed b. was seeing, passed c. was seeing, passed d. was seeing, was passing
    9. We ____ fr tm at ten last Sunday. He ften kept us ______.
    a. were waiting, waiting b. were waiting, wait c. waited, waiting d. waited, wait
    10. He ____ his father n the farm the whle afternn last Saturday.
    a. helps b. wuld help c. was helping d. is helping
    1-5 BCDAC 6-10 CDAAC X Kb 1 .C m

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