外研版小学英语语法总复习知识点归纳(2)
展开
这是一份外研版小学英语语法总复习知识点归纳(2),主要包含了时态,人称代词,可数名词的复数形式,不可数名词,缩略形式, a. an .the 的用法,介词,基数词变成序数词的方法等内容,欢迎下载使用。
小学英语语法总复习
一、时态
一般现在时
表示经常发生的动作或事情,通常用“usually通常 , ften 常常 , every每, smetimes
有时, always 总是 , ”等词。
肯定句
否定句
一般疑问句 (Yes/N)
特殊疑问句
I / Yu / We / They
动词原形
dn’t +动原
He / She / It
动词第三人称单数形式
desn’t +动原
D
? Yes, I d.
Des(动词原形 )
?N,she desn ’t.
What d
?
Hw des she
(动词原形 )
?
(3) 动词第三人称单数形式(同名词单数变成复数方法相同)
1
2.
3.
4.
一般情况
辅音字母 +y 结尾
结尾是
特殊的
s, x, sh, ch
+s
去 y +ies
+es
如: walk-walks
fly-flies
watch-watches
d-des ,have-has, g-ges
2.现在进行时 ,
(1)表示正在发生的动作,通常用
“nw现在 , lk 看, linsen 听”.
(2)基本形式:
be + 动 词 ing
eg: I am(nt) ding my hmewrk. Yu/We/They are(nt) reading.
He/She/It is(nt) eating. What are yu ding?
Is he reading?
(3)动词的现在分词形式(动词
一般情况
结尾是不发音的
重读闭音节
e
+ing)
+ing
-e + ing
walk —walking
cme—cming
双 写 最 后 一 run-running
个字母 +ing
swim-swimming
3. 一般过去时
(1) 表示过去已经发生的事情
yesterday 昨天 ”等词。
,通常用
“last 上一个
, just nw 刚才, a mment ag 刚才,
be 动词的过去式: am/is —was are—were
过去式基本结构
(4)词过去式的变化:
规则动词的变化: 一般动词
+ed
planted,watered,climbed
基本结构:
肯定句( Psitive)
动词过去式
I went shpping last night.
否定句 (Negative)
Didn’t +动词原形
I didn’t g shpping last night.
一般疑问句 (Yes/N)
特殊疑问句 (wh-)
Did+动词原形?
What did+ 动词原形
?
Did yu g shpping last night?
What did yu d last night?
以不发音的e 结尾
辅音字母加y 结尾
重读闭音节单词,末尾只有一个辅音字母
不规则动词的变化:
+d
-y+ ied
双写最后一个字母+ed
liked
study —studied, cry- cried stp –stpped
plan - planned
4.一般将来时
一般将来时表示将来打算做的事或将要发生的事情。
语连用。
常常与 tmrrw, next Sunday 等时间状
结构: be ging t + 动词原形或will +动词原形
例如: I ’m ging t visit my grandpa next week.
二、人称代词
(注:介词,动词后面跟宾格。后面没有名词时用名词性物主代词。) 三、可数名词的复数形式
1.一般名词:+ s a bk –bks
辅音字母加y 结尾:- y+ ies a stry—stries
以 s, x, sh, ch ,结尾:+ es a glass—glasses; a watch-watches 4.以 f 或 fe 结尾:- f 或 fe 变为ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves 5.特殊的名词复数
man-men, wman-wmen, pliceman-plicemen, plicewman-plicewmen, muse-mice child-children
ft-feet,.tth-teeth
fish-fish, peple-peple, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
四、不可数名词(没有复数形式 )
bread, rice, water, juice , milk , tea, cffee
五、缩略形式
I ’ m = I am yu’ re = yu are she’ s = she is he’ s = he is /he has(gt)
it’ s = it is wh’ s =wh is can’ t =can nt isn’ t=is nt didn’ t=did nt weren’ t=were nt
原形
过去式
原形
过去式
原形
过去式
原形
过去式
sweep
swept
teach
taught
have
had
g
went
keep
kept
think
thught
d
did
find
fund
sleep
slept
buy
bught
eat
ate
say
said
feel
felt
drink
drank
is/am
was
take
tk
read
read
give
gave
are
were
mean
meant
put
put
sing
sang
drive
drve
meet
met
cut
cut
begin
began
speak
spke
make
made
let
let
ring
rang
write
wrte
see
saw
fly
flew
run
ran
ride
rde
cme
came
draw
drew
sit
sat
hear
heard
tell
tld
grw
grew
learn
learned/ learnt
get
gt
knw
knew
主格
I
we
yu
he
she
it
they
宾格
me
us
yu
him
her
it
them
形容词性物主代词
my
ur
yur
his
her
its
their
名词性物主代词
mine
urs
yurs
his
hers
its
theris
精品资料
nt let’ s=let us I’ ll=I will
六、 a. an .the 的用法
单词的第一读音是辅音读音:a bk, a peach, a “ U”
单词的第一个读音是元音读音:an egg, an hur , an “F”
the 要注意的:球类前面不加the,乐器前面要加the,序数词前面要加the。七、介词
1.表示方位: n, in ,in frnt f, between, next t, near, beside, at, behind., under 2.表示时间:
at : 几点前面用at 如:at six ’cl没ck有,
组 at the weekends, at night
day 的节日前用at 如 :at Christmas, 固定词
n:星期前用n 如: n Mnday,日期前用n如: n the 15th f July带有 Day 的节日前用n 如:n Natinal Day
in:早晨,中午,晚上前用in:in the mrning,in the afternn, in the evening,月份前用 in ,如 in December,季节前用in ,如winter
八、基数词变成序数词的方法
1. 直接在基数词词尾加上th 。如: seventh 第七, tenth第十, thirteenth第十三,2. 以 y
结尾的基数词,变y 为 i,再加上eth 。如: twentieth第二十。
不规则的。如: first第一 , secnd 第二,third第三, fifth第五,eighth第八, ninth第九, twelfth第十二。
有两个或以上单词组成的基数词只改最后一个单词如twenty-first第二十一。九、 sme /any 的用法
肯定句中用sme: I have sme tys in my bedrm.
问句和否定句中用ang:D yu have any brthers r sisters? He hasn ’ t gt any pencils in his pen-ccial se.
询问想要什么时用sme: Wuld yu like sme juice? Can I have sme stamps?
十、there be 结构
肯定句(有): There is +单数或不可数名词 There are +复数
注:遵循就近原则,看靠there be 最近的
一般疑问句(有吗?) :Is there? Yes, there is./ N, there isn’ t. Are there? Yes, there are. /N, there aren’ t.
否定句(没有) : There isn’ t. There aren’ t.
there be 句型与 have(has) 的区别: there be表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。
十一、祈使句
Sit dwn please
Dn’ t sit dwn, please. Let ’ s g t the park.
(注:祈使句中动词用原形)
十二、 (情态)动词 can, may, must, shuld, will后面直接用动词原形。
I / He / She / They can sing. May I cme in? I must g nw.
Yu shuld be quiet in the library.
Yu’ ll be gd friends.
精品资料
十三、形容词和副词的比较级一、形容词的比较级
1、两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than 。比较级前面可以用mre, a little来修饰表示程度。 。
形容词加er 的规则:
⑴一般在词尾加er ;
⑵以字母 e 结尾,加r;
⑶以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er ;
⑷以 “辅音字母 +y”结尾,先把y 变 i,再加 er 。
不规则形容词比较级:
gd-better, beautiful-mre beautiful
二、副词的比较级
1.形容词与副词的区别(有 be 用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动)
⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be 动词之后
What
(问什么事 ,什么物或什么工作 )
What are yu ding ?
What is that?
W hat is she?(What
’s her jb?)
What clur( 问颜色 )
What time (时间)
I ’ m rdeiang.
It ’ s a bk. She’s a nurse.
It ’ s red.
It ’ s seven.
when
( 什 么 时 候 ) Which(哪一个)
What clur is yur cat? What time is it?
What’ s the time?
When d yu get up? When is yur birthday?
Which is yur watch, the yellw ne r the white ne?
Wh is the man with a big nse? Whse bag is it?
Whse is this bag?
Where is my ball pen? Why d yu like summer?
I get up at six thirty.
It ’ s n the 21st f December. The yellw is mine.
Wh(谁)
Whse(谁的)
He’ s my uncle.
It ’ s his bag.
Where(哪里)
Why(为什么) Hw many(多少)
It ’ s under the bk.
I like summer because
Hw
many
bks
are
there
in
Hw ld(几岁)
Hw much (多少钱) Hw (怎么样)
the Therearefur schl bag.
He’ s nineteen.
bks
inthe
schl bag?
Hw ld is the yung man? Hw much is the ty bear?
Hw d yu g t schl everyday?
It ’ s eleven yuan.
I g t schl by car.
⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后 2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化: well-better, far-farther) 十四、特殊疑问句