2021高考英语小题狂练（Day 2）（含答案）

这是一份2021高考英语小题狂练（Day 2）（含答案），共8页。
2021高考英语小题狂练（Day 2）目录内容Passage A应用文阅读Passage B记叙文阅读Passage C完型填空Passage D语法填空Passage E七选五阅读 Passage （A）From radiocarbon dating in the 1940s to remote sensing techniques (RST) in the 1960s, archaeologists have long been early users of technology. Now, experts can use robots to explore ancient cities underwater. Imaging technologies can show the true colors of ancient statues, and protein analysis tells us what diseases ancient people had. Here are three more of the main tech tools used in archaeology.LiDAR Ancient sites and buildings may be hidden under trees, water, soil and other things, making them difficult to find for archaeologists. However, with Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), archaeologists can scan different areas and find previously hidden sites. It works by sending laser pulses and receiving data from the surface below. The data can then help produce a 3D image of a buried city. In the early 2010s, archaeologists used LiDAR to find a lost Mayan city of which there used to be little evidence.Virtual reality Rebuilding ancient sites is an important part of archaeology. But it's never an easy job, as the original materials are hard to find, and rebuilding may also cause harm to the site. VR technology helps to bring old sites back to life. For example, British archaeologist Morgan rebuilt a Neolithic (新石器时代的) site in Turkey with VR. She collected data from the site and “rebuilt” the site brick by brick on a computer. Then by wearing a VR headset, she “walked around” the site. “It allowed me to look at the site in ways I’ve never done before,” she told Slate, an online magazine.Artificial intelligenceThere are many mysterious words on the oracle bones(甲骨) of the Shang Dynasty that take a lot of time for archaeologists to understand. AI can help with this. By quickly analyzing a huge amount of data, AI can find patterns and learn to “read” these words.1. Which tech tool first came into use in archaeology?A. LiDAR.  B. VR. C. Radiocarbon.  D. RST.2. What can VR help do?A. Locate a hidden site.  B. Restore the image of an old site.C. Regain the original materials. D. Interpret characters on bones.3. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?A. Science.  B. Health.       C. Education.  D. Entertainment.Passage （B）The history of microbiology begins with a Dutch cloth maker named Antoni van Leeuwenhoek,a man of no formal scientific education. In the late 1600s, Leeuwenhoek, inspired by the magnifying lenses(放大镜)  he used to examine cloth, built some of the first microscopes. He developed a technique to improve the quality of tiny, rounded lenses, some of which could magnify an object up to 270 times.After removing some plaque from between his teeth and examining it under a lens, Leeuwenhoek found tiny twisting creatures, Which he called"animalcules"".His observations, which he reported to the Royal Society of London, are among the first descriptions of microbes(微生物), Leeuwenhoek discovered an entire universe invisible to the human eye. He found different microbes in samples of pond water, rain water, and human blood. He gave the first description of red blood cells, observed plant tissue, examined muscle, and investigated the life cycle of insects.Nearly two hundred years later, Leeuwenhoek's discovery of microbes helped French chemist and biologist Louis Pasteur to develop his"theory of disease". This concept suggested that disease originates from tiny organisms attacking and weakening the body. Pasteur’s theory later helped doctors to fight infectious diseases including anthrax, diphtheria, polio, smallpox, tetanus, and typhoid. All these breakthroughs were the result of Leeuwenhoek's original work. Leeuwenhoek did not foresee this legacy.In a 1716 letter, he described his contribution to science this way: "My work, which I’ve done for a long time, was not pursued in order to gain the praise I now enjoy, but chiefly from a strong desire for knowledge, which I notice resides in me more than in most other men, And therefore,whenever I found out anything remarkable, I have thought it my duty to put down my discovery on paper, so that the scientific community might be informed thereof.”4. Which of the following best describes Leeuwenhoek?A. A trained researcher with an interest in microbiologyB. A curious amateur who made pioneer studies of microbesC. A talented scientist interested in finding a cure for diseaseD A bored cloth maker who accidentally made a major discovery5. The underlined phrase"this legacy"in paragraph 3 refers to_______.A. the discovery of microbes  B. Pasteur's theory of diseaseC. Leeuwenhoek's contribution  D. the origin of the tiny organism6. What does the quote from Leeuwenhoek's letter suggest?A. He admitted that many of his discoveries happened by chance.B. He considered his work to be central to later medical breakthroughs.C. He was greatly concerned with improving people’s living conditions.D. He believed the sharing of knowledge was a key to scientific progress7. What is the correct order for the following events?a.Magnifying lenses were built.b.The”theory of disease”was put forwardc Microbes were discovered in samples of waters.d. Leeuwenhoek's first microscopes were successfully developed.e Leeuwenhoek explained his thoughts upon his own contribution.A.a-d-c-e-b   B. d-a-c-e-b   C. a-c-d-b-e  D. d-a-e-b-cPassage （C） Jade lives in Australia, a country famous for kangaroos, but not for snow. Yet at 12, she   1   to ski at the North Pole.Despite the lack of   2   training space, Jade still built her   3   at the gym. She ran with giant tyres attached to her waist to   4   what it was like to pull a sled across ice. By the age of 14, Jade was   5   .The far north is not a blank carpet of soft snow, but Jade   6   the tough conditions. Even though every part of her body was   7   , she never thought of giving up. In April 2016, Jade made   8   , becoming the youngest person to ski to the North Pole.When talking about her   9   , she stated that every human body is   10   , whether you are a man or a woman. But when the talk was posted online, some Internet bullies wrote   11   comments like “Make me a sandwich” to make her feel   12   .To prove women's place is far beyond the   13   , Jade and her team pushed on to the South Pole and made it. Holding a plate with a sandwich, Jade   14   had her photo taken and posted online. She dared the bullies, “I made you a sandwich. Now   15   37 days and 600 km to the South Pole, and you can eat it.”1．A．managed B．decided C．offered D．afforded2．A．authentic B．large C．comfortable D．private3．A．career B．confidence C．strength D．team4．A．tell B．feel C．remember D．share5．A．mature B．determined C．available D．ready6．A．braved B．improved C．predicted D．identified7．A．working B．refusing C．bleeding D．aching8．A．progress B．promises C．history D．efforts9．A．hobby B．adventure C．advantage D．award10．A．complex B．beautiful C．amazing D．valuable11．A．mean B．kind C．brief D．fair12．A．puzzled B．small C．nervous D．worried13．A．gym B．field C．kitchen D．office14．A．unwillingly B．casually C．secretly D．proudly15．A．ski B．walk C．run D．cyclePassage （D）Celebrities like Olivia Munn，as well as many fashion houses，are among those 1.____         have taken a stand against wearing animal fur.Now，San Francisco has become the2._____        (large) city in the USA to ban retailers(零售商) from selling new fur to their consumers.Thus,3.         strong message is sent to the fur industry that the 4.        (cruel) these animals suffer for the purpose of becoming clothing is not consistent with the values of the city.In 2011 West Hollywood became the first American city 5.        (forbid) the sale of new fur items，and Berkeley passed a ban 6.         the sale of fur clothes last year.Additionally，in 2000，the UK led that charge,7.        (follow) by Australia in 2004.The Netherlands，the European Union’s largest producer of fur，banned fur farming in 2012.Earlier this month，Norway banned fur farming and fox and mink(貂) farming by 2025.San Francisco’s ban 8.        (take) into effect since January 1,2019.9.____        (hopeful)，efforts like this will continue to encourage retailers，consumers，and beyond，to stop 10.        (purchase) real animal fur and，thus，further protect the lives of animals everywhere.Passage （E）You’re no doubt heard “less is more” over and over again. Less is better because it is good for your bank account and your waistline(腰围). But in some areas of our lives, we can benefit from “more” instead of “less”. 1.________Give more.If you see something beautiful in someone, say it. Why are you holding back a compliment, a kind word of encouragement or support or some well­deserved praise? Giving is a gift to the giver and the receiver. 2.________ Once you start doing this, people will only want you around more.Support others more.Speaking of encouragement, who could use your support right now? 3.________ Someone who is struggling? Reach out! You’ll be glad you did.4．________When we push back against things we don’t want(such as “I can’t believe Catherine copied my clothes again！”), our resistance still holds us close to the thing that hurts us. When we are more accepting of life’s ups and downs, we find peace.Find more role models.Who do you want to be like? Find role models who inspire you. Read about them. Buy their books. Dive into online interviews. 5.________A life of richness can be defined in a million ways. And guess what? It’s waiting for you to live it—as soon as you open yourself up.A．Accept more.B．Get mental peace.C．Do it every single day.D．A friend who is going through a loss or a big change?E．Here is how “more” can be a good thing in your life.F．Let their success be an example of what’s possible for you, too.G．Maybe someone who is always the support of you when you are in trouble?A：参考答案：CBAB：参考答案：BCDCC：1．B2．A3．C4．B5．D6．A7．D8．C9．B10．C11．A12．B13．C14．D15．A【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jade在12岁时决定滑雪去北极，经过两年的训练，她做好了准备并且创造了历史，成为滑雪到北极最年轻的人。而在面对网上霸凌者刻薄的言论时，她和她的团队前往南极并成功了，证明了女性的地位不仅仅只是在厨房里。1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而在12岁时，她决定滑雪去北极。A. managed管理；B. decided决定；C. offered提议；D. afforded买得起。根据后文“to ski at the North Pole.”可知Jade决定滑雪去北极，decide to do sth.“决定做某事”。故选B。2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管缺乏真正的训练空间，Jade还是在健身房锻炼了自己的力量。A. authentic真正的；B. large大的；C. comfortable舒服的；D. private私人的。根据后文“at the gym”可知，Jade缺乏北极那样真正的训练空间，只能在健身房锻炼力量。故选A。3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管缺乏真正的训练空间，Jade还是在健身房锻炼了自己的力量。A. career事业；B. confidence自信；C. strength力量；D. team队伍。根据后文“She ran with giant tyres attached to her waist to”可知Jade锻炼的是自己的力量。故选C。4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她跑着，腰上系着巨大的轮胎，想感受一下拉雪橇穿越冰面的感觉。A. tell告诉；B. feel感觉；C. remember记得；D. share分享。根据后文“what it was like to pull a sled across ice”可知腰上系着巨大的轮胎，是为了感受拉雪橇穿越冰面的感觉。故选B。5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：14岁的时候，Jade已经准备好了。A. mature成熟的；B. determined坚决的；C. available可获得的；D. ready准备好的。结合后文描述冰天雪地的环境，可知Jade已经准备好滑雪去北极了。故选D。6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：遥远的北方不是一片柔软的白地毯，但Jade勇敢面对艰难的条件。A. braved勇敢面对；B. improved改善；C. predicted预测；D. identified鉴定。根据后文“the tough conditions”结合but表示转折，说明虽然条件艰苦，但是Jade还是勇敢面对了。故选A。7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管她身体的每个部位都在疼痛，但她从未想过放弃。A. working工作；B. refusing拒绝；C. bleeding流血；D. aching疼痛。结合上文“Even though every part of her body was”以及上一段中提到感受拉雪橇穿过冰面，可推知Jade的身体遭受了艰苦锻炼，每个部位都在疼痛。故选D。8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：2016年4月，Jade创造了历史，成为滑雪到北极最年轻的人。A. progress进步；B. promises承诺；C. history历史；D. efforts努力。根据后文“becoming the youngest person to ski to the North Pole.”可知Jade成为滑雪到北极最年轻的人，创造了历史。故选C。9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当谈到她的冒险时，她说每个人的身体都是惊人的，无论你是男人还是女人。A. hobby爱好；B. adventure冒险；C. advantage优势；D. award奖。结合上文“becoming the youngest person to ski to the North Pole.”可知Jade成为滑雪到北极最年轻的人，这是她的一次冒险。故选B。10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当谈到她的冒险时，她说每个人的身体都是惊人的，无论你是男人还是女人。A. complex复杂的；B. beautiful美丽的；C. amazing令人惊异的；D. valuable贵重的。根据上文Jade虽然在艰苦的条件中身体每个部位都在疼痛，但她还是成功滑雪到了北极，可见她意识到每个人的身体都是惊人，无论男女。故选C。11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但当这段谈话被放到网上后，一些网络霸凌者写了“给我做个三明治”这样刻薄的评论，来让她觉得自己很渺小。A. mean刻薄的；B. kind善良的；C. brief简短的；D. fair公平的。根据后文“Make me a sandwich”以及主语“some Internet bullies”可知此处指网上霸凌者写的一些刻薄的评论。故选A。12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但当这段谈话被放到网上后，一些网络霸凌者写了“给我做个三明治”这样刻薄的评论，来让她觉得自己很渺小。A. puzzled困惑的；B. small渺小的；C. nervous紧张的；D. worried担心的。结合语境，这些网络霸凌者写了“给我做个三明治”这样刻薄的评论，来想让取得成就的Jade觉得自己很渺小，small最符合语境。故选B。13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了证明女性的地位不仅仅只是在厨房，Jade和她的团队前往南极并成功了。A. gym健身房；B. field领域；C. kitchen厨房；D. office办公室。根据上文“Make me a sandwich”可知这些霸凌者说做三明治是想说女性应该待在厨房做饭，而Jade用自己行动证明了女性的地位远远超过厨房。故选C。14．考查副词词义辨析。句意：Jade 拿着一个装着三明治的盘子，自豪地拍了张照片传到网上。A. unwillingly不情愿地；B. casually随意地；C. secretly秘密地；D. proudly自豪地。根据上文“Jade and her team pushed on to the South Pole and made it”可知Jade和她的团队前往南极并成功了，因此此刻她很自豪。故选D。15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她向那些霸凌者挑战，“我给你做了个三明治。现在滑雪37天，600公里到南极，你就可以吃了。”A. ski滑雪；B. walk散步；C. run奔跑；D. cycle循环。呼应上文“to ski at the North Pole.”指滑雪去南极。故选A。D：参考答案：1．who/that　[考查定语从句引导词。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词those(指人)且在从句中作主语，故填who/that。]2．largest　[考查形容词最高级。由设空处前的the及表示范围的in the USA可知此处应用最高级，故填largest。]3．a　[考查冠词。message是可数名词且此处表示泛指，故填不定冠词a。]4．cruelty　[考查词性转换。设空处作suffer的宾语且前面有the限定，应用名词形式，故填cruelty。]5．to forbid　[考查非谓语动词。the first...to do sth.意为“第一个做某事的……”。故用动词不定式作定语。]6．on　[考查介词。a ban on sth.是固定搭配，意为“有关……的禁令”。]7．followed　[考查非谓语动词。follow与其逻辑主语Australia之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词followed作状语。]8．has taken　[考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语since January 1,2019可知，应用现在完成时。且主语为第三人称单数，故填has taken。]9．Hopefully　[考查词性转换。设空处作状语，修饰整个句子，应用副词形式，故填Hopefully。]10．purchasing　[考查非谓语动词。stop doing sth.意为“停止做某事”。故用动名词作宾语。]E：参考答案：本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了在生活中，我们能从“更多”而不是“更少”中受益。1．E　解析：空处承上启下，空前一句是说在生活中的一些方面，我们能从“更多”而不是“更少”中受益，并结合下文列举的例子可知，E项衔接上下文，符合语境，故选E。．C　解析：空后一句是说一旦你开始这样做，人们就会想让你更多地陪伴在他们身边，故C项“每天都这样做。”符合语境。3．D　解析：空前一句是说谈到鼓励，谁现在可能需要你的支持？并结合空后一句可知，D项“一个正经历损失或重大改变的朋友？”符合语境，故选D。4．A　解析：根据空处所在位置和文章结构可知，空处为段落小标题，该段主要讲的是在生活中我们要接受“更多”，故选A。5．F　解析：本段主要讲找到更多的榜样，空前几句是说读有关他们的故事，买关于他们的书，看网上的采访，F项“让他们的成功成为你也可能成功的榜样。”符合语境，故选F。