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人教版中考英语重点词汇梳理(首字母F)学案
展开1. fact
n.事实,实际
关联词组:in fact事实上,实际上;as a matter f fact确切地讲,事实上
用法:The fact is (that)+从句,表示“事实是……”;fact后面还可以接that引导的同位语从句,表示fact的具体内容,例如:
Dn’t frget the fact that they are nly children.别忘了他们只是孩子的事实。
同义词:truth=reality n.事实,真相
(2019,北京卷,阅读D)Mst said students shuld spend less time memrizing facts and have mre space fr creative activities.
2. fail
v.失败;不及格
eq \\ac(○,1)表示“失败,没有成功”,常用句式有fail in sth.或者fail t d sth.
eq \\ac(○,2)表示“未做某事,未履行某事”,也可用于fail t d sth.句式
eq \\ac(○,3)表示“不及格,未通过(考试,测验)”,可以接宾语,也可不接:fail the test考试不及格
词性转换:failure n.失败;(机器)故障;未做
反义词:succeed v.成功;pass v.通过(测试)
(2019,浙江卷,完形)
This time it became s prfund. Then and there I ___20___ t find myself back. That was exactly-what I did.
20. A. failedB. frgtC. decidedD. cntinued
3. fair
adj.公平的,合理的
关联词组:t be fair公平地说;fair enugh有道理,说得对;fair play/cmpetitin公平竞争,公平比赛
熟词僻义:fair还可以当名词(n.)使用,表示:
游乐场:Let’s take the kids t the fair. 咱们带孩子们到游乐场吧。
交易会,展览会:wrld’s fair世界博览会;internatinal fair国际博览会;jb fair招聘会
词性转换:fairly adv.公正地;相当地;fairness n.公正性,公平合理性
同义词:just adj.公平的
反义词:unfair adj.不公平的
(2019,北京卷,阅读D)This desn’t just happen in China, but it’s fair t say the Chinese peple shw mre lve t their cuntry.
4. famus
adj.著名的,出名的
关联词组:be famus fr因……而闻名
词性转换:fame n.名声,名誉
同义词:well-knwn adj.著名的,有名气的
反义词:infamus adj.臭名昭著的
(2019,浙江卷,阅读D)
38. Which f the fllwing statements is TRUE abut the passage?
A. The writer lives a busy life in Mentne.
B. Millet was finally made a famus artist.
C. Millet painted best amng the fur friends.
D. The stry was written in memry f Millet.
5. far
adj.远的,较远的;adv.远地;很,非常
词形变化:比较级farther/further,最高级the farthest/the furthest
关联词组:s far到目前为止;as far as I knw据我所知
eq \\ac(○,1)far作形容词时,表示距离远的,通常用于be far frm结构,但不与具体的数字连用。例如:
误:The statin is tw kilmeters far (away) frm here.
正:The statin is tw kilmeters away frm here.
eq \\ac(○,2)far更多用作副词,尤其是修饰形容词或副词的比较级,或与t连用,表示程度,译为“……得多,远远……,大大……;太……”:
He is far mre careful than me.他比我仔细得多。
He was at the statin far t early.他去车站去得太早。
反义词:near adj.附近的
(2019,北京卷,短文阅读)The farther in they went, he thught, the harder the ice wuld becme.
6. farm
n.农场,农庄;v.种田,务农
关联词组:n a farm在农场(不用in);a pig/cattle/chicken farm养猪/牛/鸡场;farm land农业用地
词性转换:farmer n.农民;farming n.农业;耕作
(2019,山东卷,阅读B)Because wrking with hrses has helped Rwan, Rupert set up The Hrse By Fundatin n his farm in Texas.
7. favurite
adj.最喜爱的;n.最受喜爱的人或物
美式拼写:favrite
eq \\ac(○,1)作形容词时,favrite前面要加形容词性物主代词或者名词所有格:his favrite mvie;Jim’s favrite sprt;
eq \\ac(○,2)favrite可以换成like…best结构:My favrite subject is science=I like science best.
eq \\ac(○,3)作名词时,favrite后面不再跟名词:Sunday is my favrite.
词性转换:favr v.更喜欢,偏袒;n.恩惠;支持;favrable adj.赞成的,有利的
(2019,江苏卷,完形)
When I'm asked t name my favurite place t eat in Suzhu, I will reply ___13___.
13. A. right awayB. in surpriseC. at mstD. ver there
8. feed
v.喂养,饲养;养活
词形变化:过去式fed,过去分词fed
关联词组:feed n sth.以……为食;feed sb. up(用大量食物)养肥,养壮;feed sb. sth.=feed sth. t sb.给某人喂……吃;be fed up with厌烦了……,厌倦了……
(2019,山东卷,阅读C)As we all knw, China has the largest ppulatin all ver the wrld. It was difficult t feed the largest ppulatin in the past.
9. field
n.田地,场地;实地,现场;领域
关联词组:crn/rice/wheat field棉花/水稻/小麦田;ftball/baseball field足球/棒球场;track and field田径(赛)filed study/research实地研究
用法:可以作为“量词”,用于a field f…结构,表示“一片……田”。
熟词僻义:field的引申意义表示“领域”、“界”,相当于area,常用结构为in the field f…在……领域,在……界:She is famus in the field f music.她在音乐界很出名。
(2019,浙江卷,阅读C)The antenna f FAST in Guizhu, China, the latest and largest radi telescpe in the wrld, is 500 metres in diameter, as large as the size f 30 ftball fields.
10. fight
v.&n..打架,打仗;争论;竞争,争取
词形变化:过去式fught,过去分词fught
动词词组:fight fr为……而战(奋斗);fight against反对,对抗,与……作斗争;fight with与……并肩战斗;与……打架;fight back回击;fight n继续战斗;fight ff击退
名词词组:be in/get int a fight (with sb.) (ver/abut sth.)(因某事)(同某人)打起来了;a street/gang fight街头/帮派打斗
近义词:war n.战争,斗争
(2019,浙江卷,阅读C)The year was 1859. America and England had already fught tw wars. Nw, they were at peace. But ne day a pig gt hungry. And it nearly caused anther war between the tw cuntries.
11. final
adj.最后的,终极的,决定性的;n.决赛;期末考试
形容词词组:final decisin最后决定;final prduct最终产品,最后产物;final exam期末考试;final result最终结果;final reprt总结报告;final rund最终角逐
名词词组:the Wrld Cup final世界杯总决赛;be thrugh t/reach the final打进决赛
词性转换:finally=at last=in the end adv.最后,终于
(2019,浙江卷,完形)
I even tk art class thugh I had really wanted t take theatre. I finally fitted in ___11___ grup.
11. A. myB. herC. hisD. ur
12. finish
v.结束,做完
用法:
eq \\ac(○,1)finish可以作及物动词,后面接名词作宾语;还可以接V-ing形式,不能接t d sth.:
I haven’t finished reading this bk yet.我还没有读完这本书。
eq \\ac(○,2)finish也可作不及物动词,后面不接宾语:
What time des schl finish?学校什么时候放学?
同义词:cmplete v.完成;end v.结束,终止
(2019,北京卷,单项填空)
4.— Lily, _____ yu finish the letter in ten minutes?
— Yes, I can.
A. mustB. shuldC. needD. can
13. fit
adj.合适的;健康的;v.(使)适合
词形变化:比较级fitter,最高级fittest;过去式fitted或fit,过去分词fitted或fit,现在分词fitting
形容词用法:
eq \\ac(○,1)和系动词连用,表示“适合,恰当”等,后面常接介词fr:
He isn’t fit fr his wrk.他不适合做这项工作。
eq \\ac(○,2)和feel或keep等连用,表示身体健康,精神状态好:
She tries t keep fit by jgging every day.她每天慢跑以保持健康。
动词用法:fit即可作及物动词,也可作不及物动词,表示“(使)适合”;可以和介词in/int连用,表示“适应,融入”:
This cat desn’t fit well.这件大衣不太合身。
This cat desn’t fit me.这件大衣我穿不合身。
She culd never fit int his wrld.她永远也无法融入他的世界。
词性转换:fitness n.健康:fitness center健身中心
同义词:suit v.适合,满足;suitable adj.合适的;healthy adj.健康的
反义词:unfit adj.不适合的
(2019,浙江卷,完形)
I listened t the music she listened t, wre the clthes she wre. I even tk art class thugh I had really wanted t take theatre. I finally fitted in ___11___ grup.
11. A. myB. herC. hisD. ur
14. fly
v.飞,飞行;放(风筝、模型);n.飞行;苍蝇
词形变化:过去式flew,过去分词flwn
词组:fly a kite放风筝;fly in the sky在空中飞行;fly by飞越;飞逝
用法:fly既是及物动词,又是不及物动词,可表示“(动物)飞翔”、“(人或飞机)飞行”、“放飞(风筝、模型、气球等)”;作引申意义时,可表示“(时间)飞逝”,例如:Hw time flies!时间过得真快!
熟词僻义:fly作名词时,除了表示“飞行”,还可指“苍蝇”。
词性转换:flight n.飞行,航班:flight number航班号
(2019,江苏卷,单项填空)
5.The flying squirrel might be ne f __________ animals yu culd meet during the trip.
A. strangeB. strangerC. strangestD. the strangest
15. fllw
v.跟随,跟得上;效仿
关联词组:fllw up跟踪,继续做某事;fllw thrugh坚持到底;as fllws如下;fllw the example f效仿;fllw the instructins遵照指示;fllw suit照做
词性转换:fllwing adj.&n.
eq \\ac(○,1)作形容词:意思是“(时间上)接着的”;“下述的,下列的”。例如
the fllwing week第二周;answer the fllwing questins回答下列问题
eq \\ac(○,2)作名词:常用于the fllwing结构,表示“下述,以下”。例如:
The fllwing is a summary f the meeting.以下是会议总结。
(2019,浙江卷,完形)
Anther girl added, "Ashley, she ___14___ fllws yu, trying t cpy yu."
14 A. nceB. alwaysC. hardlyD. never
16. frce
v.强迫,迫使;n.力量,武力
关联词组:by frce靠武力,强迫;driving frce驱动力
动词用法:常用结构有frce sb. t d sth.迫使某人做某事,等同于frce sb. int sth./int ding sth.:
The President was frced int resigning.总统被迫辞职。
The President was frced t resign.总统被迫辞职。
词性转换:frceful adj.强有力的
同义词:strength n.力量,力气
(2019,北京卷,短文阅读)The waves were s strng that they frced huge pieces f ice t jump up and dwn, breaking the ice int smaller pieces within just ne hur.
17. freign
adj.外国的,外来的;陌生的
关联词组:freign language外语;freign trade对外贸易;freign cmpany外国公司;freign cuntry外国
用法:be freign t sb.表示“对……不熟”
词性转换:freigner n.外国人
(2019,湖北卷,完形)
When he 40 t call the fur freign passengers, Zhang Peng directly went t the htel again where he had drpped them ff.
40.A. succeeded B. frgt C. regretted D. failed
18. frget
v.忘记,忘掉
词形变化:过去式frgt,过去分词frgtten
用法:
eq \\ac(○,1)可作及物或不及物动词,常用句式有frget (abut) sth.忘记某事;frget +that/wh-从句。
eq \\ac(○,2)frget ding sth.表示“忘记做过某事”;frget t d表示“忘记要做某事”。
I frgt t d my hmewrk yesterday. (作业没有做)
I frget brrwing an English bk frm my friend. (借了书,但不记得这件事了)
词性转换:frgetful adj.健忘的
反义词:remember v.记得,记住
(2019年,浙江卷,单项填空)
10.–Tny, hurry up and dn't frget t lck the dr.
- ___________________. I'm getting my cat.
A. Wait a minuteB. N dealC. Nthing seriusD. Bad luck
19. frward
adv.向前,前进;将来,今后
关联词组:push frward推进;mve frward向前移动;向前发展;step frward向前进;站出来;put frward提出;cme frward涌现;straight frward直截了当;lk frward t (ding) sth.期待……
反义词:backward adv.向后
(2019年,江苏卷,单项填空)
11. —D yu have any plans fr the hliday?
—Yes, I’m planning t travel t Jiuzhaigu. I’m lking frward t the clurful lakes and amazing waterfalls.
A. seeB. seeingC. seesD. saw
20. frnt
adj&n.前面(的),前部(的)
关联词组:frnt dr前门;frnt desk前台,服务台;frnt line前线,第一线;frnt page头版
in frnt f和in the frnt f的区别:
eq \\ac(○,1)in frnt f表示“在……前面”,具有utside的词义:The student is standing in frnt f the bus. (在车外)
eq \\ac(○,2)in the frnt f表示“在……前部”:The driver is sitting in the frnt f the bus. (在车内)
(2019年,山东卷,完形)
Remember that usually Chinese peple will nt pen the gift in frnt f the persn wh gives ____11____.
11. A. itB. themC. that
21.fun
n.有趣的事,娱乐,玩笑;adj.有趣的
关联词组:have fun=have a gd time=enjy neself玩的开心;fr fun开玩笑地,闹着玩地;make fun f sb.取笑某人,拿某人开玩笑
用法: eq \\ac(○,1)fun是不可数名词,只能用much, sme, a lt f, lts f等来修饰,通常还可以用great,mre来修饰,表示程度; eq \\ac(○,2)表示“做某事很开心”,可用have fun (in) ding sth.; eq \\ac(○,3)It’s fun后接t d或ding均可,意思基本相同:It’s great fun sailing a bat=It’s great fun t sail a bat.驾驶帆船很有趣
fun和funny的区别:
eq \\ac(○,1)词性上看,fun大多数情况下为名词,极少用作形容词,作形容词时,本身没有比较级;funny主要作形容词,其比较级是funnier,最高级是the funniest;
eq \\ac(○,2)意义上看,funny表示“有趣的,滑稽的”,侧重滑稽可笑的“有趣”,往往略带贬义;fun主要指“有趣,好玩”,不表示“滑稽”这层意义,没有贬义。试比较:
This game lks fun!这个游戏看起来很好玩!
It’s funny t see a dg walking with nly tw legs.看见狗只用两条腿走路很滑稽。
同义词:enjyment=jy n.乐趣
(2019年,北京卷,阅读B)
26. Sally’s stry mainly tells us that .
A. winning a race is imprtant
B. fishing brings us a lt f fun
C. driving experience is necessary
D. learning happens during the prcess
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