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人教版中考英语重点词汇梳理(首字母IJK)学案
展开这是一份人教版中考英语重点词汇梳理(首字母IJK)学案,共8页。学案主要包含了I、J、K字部等内容,欢迎下载使用。
1. ill
adj.生病的,有病的
关联词组:fall ill生病;feel ill感到不适;seriusly/badly ill病重
ill和sick的区别:
eq \\ac(○,1)表示“生病的”意义时,ill通常只作表语,跟在系动词后面,例如be/becme/get/lk/seem ill;
eq \\ac(○,2)表示“生病的”意义时,sick可作表语,也可作定语,例如:
A vet helps sick pets and ther animals.兽医帮助生病的宠物和别的动物。
词性转换:illness=sickness n.疾病
(2019,浙江卷,完形)
___2___, their ecnmic(经济的) situatin changed when she became ill with laryngitis(喉炎) in 1894.
2. A. AlthughB. SC. HweverD. Besides
2. imagine
v.想象;设想
eq \\ac(○,1)imagine + 名词或代词:The huse was just as she had imagined it.这房子正是她所想象的。
eq \\ac(○,2)imagine + that/wh-从句(that可省略),表示“胡乱猜想……;认为……”:
Clse yur eyes and imagine (that) yu are in a frest.闭上眼睛,设想自己在森林里。
eq \\ac(○,3)imagine + ding 想象做某事:Imagine ding a hrrible jb like that!想象一下做那种可怕的工作吧!
eq \\ac(○,4)imagine sb./sth. (t be)…:The by imagined himself (t be) a pilt.那个男孩想象自己是一名飞行员。
词性转换:imaginatin n.想象;imaginative adj.富有想象力的;imaginable adj.想象得到的;可想象的
(2019,浙江卷,阅读B)But mst peple in the wrld live in fear f things that they imagine.
3. immediately
adv.立刻,立即
用法:immediately常常和一些词搭配使用,比如:immediately after/fllwing在……之后立即;immediately befre在……之前立即;immediately behind/abve/belw/in frnt f sth.后面/上面/下面/前面紧挨着……:the seat immediately behind the driver驾驶员正后方的那个座位
词性转换:immediate adj.立刻的,直接的
同义词:immediately=at nce=right away
(2019,浙江卷,单项填空)
5.Betty felt s tired last night that she ____________ fell asleep in bed after lying dwn.
A. recentlyB. suddenlyC. frequentlyD. immediately
4. imprtant
adj.重要的
关联词组:play an imprtant rle起到重要作用
用法:imprtant后面可接介词fr/t,表示“对……很重要”;常用语It is imprtant (fr sb.) t d sth.结构,表示“(对……来说)做某事很重要”:It is imprtant t fllw the dctr’s advice.
词性转换:imprtance n.重要性,价值;imprtantly adv.重要地
(2019,山东卷,阅读B)S the family set ut fr Mnglia, where hrses have been imprtant fr lng.
5. imprve
v.改进,改善,提高;变得更好
用法:imprve可作及物动词,后接名词或代词作宾语;也可作不及物动词,后面接状语成分:
Many wines imprve with age (= get better as they get lder ).很多葡萄酒年代越久越香醇。
词性转换:imprvement n.改进,改善,提高;imprved adj.改良的,改进过的:imprved technlgy
(2019,山东卷,词汇运用)
50. Keeping English _________ (日记) is a gd way t imprve English.
6. include
v.包括,包含
eq \\ac(○,1)include接动词的话,要接ding sth:
Yur duties include typing letters and answering the telephne.你的职责是打信件和接电话。
eq \\ac(○,2)include A in/n B把A列入B的一部分,把A算入B:
Yu shuld include sme examples in yur article.你应该在文章里举一些例子。
eq \\ac(○,3)常用including的形式,引出需要罗列的宾语:
Hundreds were killed, including many wmen and children.数百人被杀,包括许多妇女和儿童。
词性转换:inclusin n.包含;内含物;inclusive adj.包括的,包含的
反义词:exclude v.不包括,排除
(2019,江苏卷,填空)
49. There ▲ (be) many things t enjy abut traveling, including the natural beauty and delicius fd.
7. increase
v.(使)增加;增长;n.增加,增长
动词用法:increase可作及物动词,也可作不及物动词。常用结构有:increase (sth.) (frm A) (t B),指“增加到”,表示结果;increase (sth.) (by sth.),指“增加了……”,表示幅度。例如:
The ppulatin has increased frm 1.2 millin t 1.8 millin.人口已从120万增加到了180万。
The ppulatin has increased by 0.6 millin.人口已增加到了60万。
名词用法:increase作名词时,常用结构有:an increase in sth.在某方面增长:an increase in ppulatin在人口方面增长;n the increase正在增加(增长):China’s ppulatin is n the increase.中国的人口正在增长。
词性转换:increasing adj.越来越多的;渐增的:an increasing number f…越来越多的……
反义词:decrease v.下降
(2019,北京卷,阅读C)This will increase the amunt f infrmatin ur minds prcess and expand (增加) ur experience f time.
8. industry
n.工业,行业,产业
关联词组:fd/car/paper industry食品/汽车/造纸工业;heavy/light industry重/轻工业;service industry服务行业
词性转换:industrial adj.工业的,产业的;industrialize=industrialise v.使/实现工业化
(2019,北京卷,阅读D)When scieties industrialized, the knwledge f farming culd be safe t frget.
9. influence
v.&n.影响(力)
名词用法:influence常搭配的介词有n/upn/ver,表示对……有影响;常搭配的动词有have;常搭配的形容词有big/great/gd/bad/psitive/negative/strng等。例如:
Televisin can have a psitive influence n yung peple.电视能对青年人产生积极的影响。
词性转换:influential adj.有影响力的;有势力的;influentially adv.有影响地
(2019,山东卷,阅读B)But Rupert faced the greatest challenge f his life when, at the age f tw, Rwan was diagnsed (诊断) with an illness that influenced his ability t cmmunicate with thers.
10. infrmatin
n.信息,消息
关联词组:infrmatin technlgy=I.T.信息技术;persnal infrmatin个人信息;fr infrmatin nly仅供参考;infrmatin desk问讯处
用法:infrmatin是不可数名词,可用a piece f infrmatin表示“一条消息,一则信息”;在使用infrmatin的语境中,常用到fr mre/further infrmatin的句式,例如:
Fr mre infrmatin, please write t us.欲知更多信息,请写信给我们。
词性转换:infrmatinal adj.信息的;情报的
(2019,北京卷,阅读C)The mre infrmatin ur minds take in, the slwer time seems t pass.
11. insist
v.坚持;坚持认为
eq \\ac(○,1)insist+ that从句:Mike insisted that he was right.迈克坚决认为自己是对的。
eq \\ac(○,2)insist n/upn (ding) sth.:He insisted upn checking everything himself.他坚持要亲自检查一切。
(2019,北京卷,完形)
It was bvius wh wuld ___17___ .
17. A. insistB. returnC. waitD. win
12. instead
adv.代替,顶替;反而
eq \\ac(○,1)instead表示“替代”:He is t busy, let me g instead.他太忙了,让我去吧;
eq \\ac(○,2)instead表示“反而,却”,构成转折:He didn't give Jhn the mney, but he gave it t me instead.他没把钱给约翰,却给了我;
eq \\ac(○,3)instead可以和f组成instead f结构,表示“代替,替代”,后面需要接宾语:
Instead f lending a hand, he laughed at us.他不仅没有帮我们一把,反而嘲笑我们。
(2019,江苏卷,完形)
Fr the first few mnths I chse t eat in Sichuan Or Hunan style restaurants instead f eating much ___16___ fd.
16. A. freshB. lcalC. ChineseD. frzen
13. instructin
n. 说明,须知;教导
关联词组:peratin instructins操作说明;
eq \\ac(○,1)常用复数instructins,表示“(用法)说明,指南”,常见搭配为instructin n (hw t d) sth.:
Are there any instructins n hw t plant the trees?有没有植树指南?
eq \\ac(○,2)instructins还可表示“命令,指示”,相当于rders:
Make sure yu carry ut the dctr’s instructins.你一定要遵照医生的嘱咐。
eq \\ac(○,3)instructin也可作不可数名词,表示“教导,指导,训练”:
The schl gives instructin in first aid.这所学校教授急救课。
词性转换:instruct v.指导;命令;instructr n.指导者;导师;instructive adj.有益的;教育性的
(2019,浙江卷,单项填空)
7.The instructins tell us everything ____________ abut hw t make the mdel ship.
A. by handB. by chanceC. in detailD. in persn
14. intentin
n.目的,意图
关联词组:with gd intentins好心,好意地;withut intentin无意地,非故意地;real intentin真实意图
用法:常见搭配有have n/every intentin f ding sth.:I have n intentin f retiring just yet.我现在还没打算退休。intentin t d sth.:It is ur intentin t be the number ne distributr f health prducts.我们的目标是成为保健产品第一大批发商。
词性转换:intentinal adj.故意的,蓄意的;intentinally adv.故(有)意地;intend v.打算,想要:intend t d sth.打算做某事
同义词:purpse n.目的,意图;gal n.目标;进球
(2019,浙江卷,阅读D)Once a persn ever ffered fur francs fr Millet’s "Angelus", which he intended t sell fr eight.
15. interest
n.兴趣,趣味;利益;利息
关联词组:place f interest名胜古迹,好玩的地方;with (great) interest兴致勃勃
用法:interest表示“兴趣,趣味”时,常和介词in搭配,表示在……方面的兴趣。常见动词搭配有:have/shw/express (an) interest in sth.有/表现出兴趣;lse (all/ne’s) interest in sth.失去兴趣。
熟词僻义:interest还有另外两层含义: eq \\ac(○,1)一是“利益”,常用短语有public interest公共利益;in ne’s wn interests为了某人(自己)的利益; eq \\ac(○,2)二是“利息”,常用搭配有interest rate利率。
词性转换:interesting adj.“有趣的,引起兴趣的”,用于形容人或物的特征;interested adj.“感兴趣的”,用于形容人的感受。试比较:
My mum is quite interested in that interesting TV shw.我妈妈对那档有趣的电视节目相当感兴趣。
(2019,山东卷,阅读表达A)My clsest friend, Kim, has lst interest in schl and studying.
16. internatinal
adj.国际的
关联词组:internatinal trade国际贸易;internatinal rganizatin国际组织(机构);internatinal airprt国际机场;internatinal market国际市场
词性转换:internatinally adv.国际性地;在国际间:internatinally famus国际知名;internatinalis(z)e v.(使)国际化;internatinalis(z)atin n.国际化
(2019,浙江卷,阅读填空)
8. The China Internatinal Search and Rescue Team has brught help and hpe t peple in disasters arund the wrld since it 18 years ag.
A. set up B.is set up C. was set up D. will be set up
17. interview
v&t.采访;会见;面试
关联词组:jb interview求职面试;radi/televisin interview电台/电视采访
用法:interview作名词时,常用于an interview fr sth.;an interview with sb.;作动词时,常用于interview sb. fr sth.或interview sb. abut sth.;
词性转换:interviewee n.被接见者;被访问者;interviewer n.会见者;面谈者;进行面试者
(2019,江苏卷,阅读B)Fr the tpics f ur newspaper next mnth we visited Sunshine Elementary Schl n May 10 and interviewed sme students.
18. intrduce
v.介绍;引进
用法:intrduce可表示“介绍”,常见搭配有:intrduce A t B;intrduce neself t sb.;还可以表示“引进,推行”,通常用于intrduce sth. t/int sth.结构:
We want t intrduce the latest technlgy int schls.我们想向各学校推介最新的技术。
词性转换:intrductin n.介绍;引进
(2019年,浙江卷,阅读B)
32. This passage intrduces _______________.
A. an exercise t imprve ur fitnessB. an exercise t gain self-cnfidence
C. a way t keep balance when we jumpD. a way t avid accidents when exercising
19. invite
v.邀请,招待
用法:invite的常见搭配有:invite sb. t sth.邀请某人参加……;invite sb. t d sth.邀请某人做某事;invite sb. fr sth.请某人吃/喝……。例如:
invite me t a party请我参加聚会;invite me t take part in a party请我参加聚会;invite me fr a drink请我喝一杯
词性转换:invitatin n.邀请,请帖:invitatin letter邀请函;by invitatin凭请帖
(2019年,江苏卷,完形)
The Hill family wned the rights t the meldy and had t be 25 every time the sng was part f a cmmercial (商业的) prductin.
25.A. paidB. praisedC. invitedD. warned
20. jin
v.参加;加入;连接
关联词组:jin hands with同……携手,同……联合
eq \\ac(○,1)表示加入(团体、组织、参军),成为其中的一个成员:jin the club/army加入俱乐部/参军
eq \\ac(○,2)表示邀请某人一起加入:Will yu jin us fr dinner?请你和我们一起吃饭好吗?
eq \\ac(○,3)用jin in表示参加某些活动:Many peple jin in the game every year.每年许多人参加这项比赛。
(2019年,江苏卷,阅读D)If yu really want t d mre sprt, yu can jin a club.
21.jy
n.欢乐,高兴,乐趣
关联词组:with jy高兴地;tears f jy高兴的泪水,喜极而泣
用法:jy常搭配的结构有:the jy f (ding) sth.(做……)的喜悦;be filled with/be full f jy充满欢乐
词性转换:jyful adj.欢喜的,令人高兴的;jyfully adv.高兴地,喜悦地
同义词:happiness, enjyment, pleasure, fun
(2019年,浙江卷,阅读C)The king was wild with jy. He ran arund his palace and tuched everything he saw.
22.keep
v.保持;保留;继续
词形变化:过去式kept,过去分词kept
关联词组:keep up with赶得上;keep in tuch with与……保持联系;keep pace with与……并驾齐驱,保持同步;keep sth. in mind记住;keep an eye n sth.照看,留意
eq \\ac(○,1)keep用作系动词,相当于stay,意为“(使)保持,(使)处于(某种状态)”,后面主要接形容词等表语成分。例如:keep (sb.) warm/safe/awake保持(某人)暖和/安全/清醒。
eq \\ac(○,2)keep用作实义动词,主要有以下几个意思:
表示“继续,重复”,常用结构为keep (n) ding sth.继续做某事
表示“保留,留存;存放”:keep the change不要找(零)了;keep sth. in a safe place把……放在安全之处
表示“遵守,保守”:keep the secrete保守秘密;keep yur prmise遵守诺言
表示“记录”:keep a diary记日记
(2019年,江苏卷,单项填空)
3.- Keep quiet! I need cmplete__________ when I'm wrking.
-Srry dad. I wn't make any nise again.
A. trustB. silenceC. cntrlD. strength
23.key
n.钥匙;答案;键;关键;adj.关键的,重要的
eq \\ac(○,1)key作名词时,常表示以下几个意思:“钥匙”:car keys车钥匙;“(计算机的)键”:press the return key按回车键;“答案”:the key t the questins问题的答案;“关键,重点”:the key t success成功的关键
eq \\ac(○,2)key还可以作形容词,相当于imprtant,意为“关键的,重要的”:key wrd关键字;key pint要点;yur help is key t my success.你的支持是我成功的关键。
关联单词:keybard n.键盘
(2019年,浙江卷,阅读B)
22. What des the writer try t tell us?
A. Buying new things can make peple happy.
B. The key t happiness is making thers happy.
C. If yu want t be happy, yu can visit Africa.
D. Peple wh have a lt f mney might nt be happy.
24.kill
v.杀死;弄死
关联词组:kill neself自杀;kill time消磨时间
词性转换:killing n.杀戮,谋杀;killer n.杀手;止痛药
(2019年,山东卷,动词应用)
The accident 69 (cause) by a fight between the driver and a passenger, killing all 15 peple n the bus.
25.knck
v&n.敲;打;击
用法:knck主要用作动词,后面可与不同的介词搭配,例如knck at/n sth.敲(门,窗):Smebdy was kncking at the dr.有人在敲门;knck (sth.) against/n sth.(常为无意地)碰到,撞到:knck his head against the wall.头装到墙上;knck ver打翻:He'd kncked ver a glass f water.他打翻了一杯水。
近义词:hit v.撞,击打
(2019年,江苏卷,阅读A)
Althugh I’m blind, I carry the lantern, nt nly light fr thers, but let thers see me, 53 they wn’t knck me."
53. A. after B. s C. if D. because
26.knwledge
n.知识,学问
关联词组:basic knwledge基础知识;t my knwledge据我所知
用法:表示某方面的知识,可接介词abut或f;注意knwledge是不可数名词,只能用much/any/a lt f/lts f/sme等修饰;前面不可直接使用冠词a,但可以说:
He has a wide knwledge f painting and music. 他在绘画和音乐方面知识渊博。
词性转换:knwledgeable adj.知识渊博的;knw v.知道,了解;认识
(2019年,北京卷,阅读B)When there were n cmputers, effrts were required t get knwledge frm ther peple, r g t the library.
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