人教版中考英语重点词汇梳理（首字母QR）学案

这是一份人教版中考英语重点词汇梳理（首字母QR）学案，共9页。
专题十三 Q、R字部1. quietadj.安静的，寂静的 用法：表示“轻声的，安静的”，形容声音很小，常用短语有be quiet/keep quiet保持安静。用来形容人，表示“寡言少语的，文静的”，形容环境，表示“僻静的，清净的”。例如：They lead a quiet life.他们过着平静的生活。She was quiet and shy.她文静而又腼腆。词性转换：quietly  adv.安静地；秘密地；quietness  n.平静，安静易混单词：quite  adv.完全；十分（2019，江苏卷，单项填空）3.- Keep quiet! I need complete__________ when I'm working.-Sorry dad. I won't make any noise again.A. trust  B. silence  C. control  D. strength（2019，江苏卷，阅读填空）The effects of falling asleep in class can be quite serious.2. racen.竞赛，赛跑；种族，民族 关联词组：human race人类；horse race赛马；boat/car race划船/汽车比赛；用法：表示“赛跑，竞赛”，指竞速比赛；常用搭配有race between A and B、race against sb.等。例如：He's already in training for the big race against Bailey. 为了跟贝利一决雌雄，他已经着手训练了。表示“人种，种族；民族”：people of mixed race 混合种族的人词性转换：racist  n.种族主义者；racism  n.种族主义；racial  adj.种族的（2019，江苏卷，填空）44. John will have to run very fast to       ▲      (打破) the school 100—metre race record in the sports meeting.3. raisev.提升，使升高；增加；饲养 用法：表示“提升，举起，提起”：She raised her eyes from her work. 她停下工作，抬起头看了看。表示“增加，提高（数量，水平）”，短语有raise sth. to sth.表示“增加到……”例如：They raised their price to $500. 他们将价格抬高到500没元。表示“饲养；抚养（孩子，动物）”，相当于bring up：They were both raised in the South. 他们俩都是在南方长大的。同义词：lift  v.举起，抬起；increase  v.增加（2019，浙江卷，阅读B）Raise one knee at a time. Lift your knee higher than you usually do when you are running.4. reachv.到达；伸手（脚）够到；实现，达到 用法：表示“到达，抵达”，reach=get to=arrive at/in；例如：They didn't reach the village until after dark. 他们天黑以后才到达村庄。表示“够得着”，例如：Can you reach the light switch from where you're sitting? 从你坐的地方够得着灯的开关吗？表示“实现，达到”，指目标。例如：reach a conclusion/decision 得出结论；作出决定；reach an agreement 达成一致词形转换：reachable  adj.可获得的，可达成的（2019，山东卷，词形转换）65. A team of climbers from Peking University reached the top of the world's ______________mountain, Qomolangma, on May 15, 2018. (high)5. realadj.真实的，确实的 关联词组：real friend真朋友；real name真实姓名；real love真爱；real life现实生活用法：表示“真的，真正的”，指非人造的。例如：She had never seen a real live elephant before. 她以前从未见过活生生的大象。表示“真实的”，指实际存在的，非编造、想象的。例如：Dreams can sometimes seem very real. 梦境有时显得非常真实。词性转换：really  adv.实际上；确实；真正地；reality  n.现实；realis(z)e  v.实现；认识到（2019，北京卷，阅读B）Over three weekends of hard work, Sally turned her design into a real, working go-kart and painted it light blue.6. receivev.收到，得到 用法：是及物动词，可表示“接到，收到”，指收到信件、消息、电话等；还可表示“得到，收到”，相当于get；常用搭配为receive sth. from sb.：He received a letter from the bank. 他收到银行寄来的一封信。词性转换：reception  n.接待；接收；receiver  n.接收器；接受者（2019，浙江卷，阅读C）A receiver and amplifier to receive the radio waves from the sub-reflector, and make these weak radio waves strong enough to be recorded and turned into electronic signals.  7. recordn.记录；唱片；v.记录  关联词组：world record世界纪录；record holder纪录保持者；medical record病历名词用法：表示“记录，记载；档案”，后常跟介词of。例如：I try to keep a record of everything I spend. 我尽量把所有的花销都记录下来。表示“（体育运动等的）记录”：keep/break the record保持/打破记录动词用法：表示“记录”，除了接名词，还可接从句。例如：He recorded that the operation was successful. 他在记录里说手术很成功。表示“录制”，如录音、录像等。例如：I’ll record the film and we can all watch it later. 我会把电影录下来，我们稍后可以一起看。熟词僻义：名词record还可以在音乐领域表示“唱片”。例如：I spent a lot of time listening to records. 我花了很多时间听唱片。关联单词：recorder  n.录音机；记录员（2019，江苏卷，填空）44. John will have to run very fast to     ▲    (打破) the school 100—metre race record in the sports meeting.8. refusev.拒绝，不愿 用法：refuse sth.表示“不接受（别人给东西）”；refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事。例如：She refused a second piece of cake. 她谢绝了第二块蛋糕。Mom refused to go back into the hospital. 妈妈拒绝再进医院。词性转换：refusal  n.拒绝（2019，江苏卷，阅读D）40. What may happen next according to Scene I?A. Amram will refuse to leave the Qucen’s palace.B. Zahrah will certainly keep the purple silk for herself.C. King Solomon will test whether Amram’s story is true.D. The Queen will pay a visit to King Solomon’s country.9. regretn.&v.可惜；遗憾 名词用法：是可数名词；常见搭配有with regret遗憾地；to sb’s regret另某人感到遗憾的是。例如：I decided with regret that it was time to leave. 我遗憾地作出决定，该是我离开的时候了。I lost touch with her, much to my regret. 很遗憾的是，我和她失去了联系。动词用法：表示“后悔（做了某事）”，可用于regret doing sth.或regret that结构。例如：I regret leaving school so young. 我后悔那么早就辍学。常在正式信函或声明中使用，表示“对……感到抱歉（遗憾）”。常用regret to say短语。例如：I regret to say that you have failed in the exam. 我很抱歉地告诉你，你考试没及格。词性转换：regretful  adj.后悔的，遗憾的；regretfully  adj.懊悔地；遗憾地（2019，北京卷，完形）I don’t regret putting time and energy into the election because I’ve learned that things aren’t always going the way I expect.10. relationn.关系；亲属 关联词组：in relation to关于；涉及；public relation公共关系；international relation国际关系用法：通常以复数形式relations出现，表示“（人、国家、组织等之间的）关系”，可与介词with或between搭配使用。例如：Relations between the two countries have improved recently. 最近两国关系有所改善。表示“（事物之间的）联系”，常接between这个介词。例如：the relation between prices and wages 物价和工资之间的联系表示“家人、亲戚”。例如：We have relations in Canada and Scotland. 我们在加拿大和苏格兰都有亲戚。词性转换：related  adj.有关系的，有关联的；relative  adj.相对的；n.亲戚易混单词：relationship  n.关系：relation侧重形式上的关联，而 relationship却侧重密切的交往。例如：John's relation with Mary is father and daughter.约翰和玛丽是父女关系。John's relationship with Mary has improved.约翰和玛丽的关系已改善了。（2019，北京卷，阅读A）And a close relationship has developed between us.11. relaxv.（使）放松，轻松  关联词组：relax oneself放松某人自己用法：表示“放松”，指休息。例如：I just want to sit down and relax. 我只想坐下来休息一下。表示“放心，镇定”，指情绪。例如：Relax! Everything’s fine. 放松点！一切都很好。词性转换：relaxed  adj.放松的；悠闲的；relaxation  n.放松，缓和；消遣（2019，山东卷，词形转换）61. I felt _____________ lying in the sun on the beach. (relax)12. remainv.余下，留下；保持，仍是 关联词组：it remains to be seen尚不确定，说不准；remain unchanged保持不变用法：作连系动词，表示“继续，依然，保持”；后接表语成分或as。例如：The boy remained silent. 男孩依然默不做声。John remained as manager, though many people lost their jobs.尽管很多人失业，但约翰还是保住了经理的位子。作实义动词，表示“剩下，留存”，为不及物动词。例如：Little of the traditional culture remains. 传统文化已经所剩无几。词性转换：remainder  n.余数；剩余物（2019，江苏卷，阅读填空）Since teens are probably not going to deal with the problem, falling asleep in class will probably remain an all-too common occurrence.13. repeatv.重说，重写；重做，重复 用法：表示“重说，重写”，常用repeat oneself短语或接从句。例如：Elderly people tend to repeat themselves. 老年人说话往往重复。表示“重复做某事”，例如：We must not repeat the mistakes of the past. 我们不能再犯以前的错误。词性转换：repetition  n.重复；repeated  adj.再三的，反复的；repeatedly  adv.再三地，反复地（2019，北京卷，阅读D）Many people believe smart machines are necessarily correct and objective, but machines are trained through a repeated testing and scoring process.14. reportv.&n.报道，报告名词词组：news report新闻报道；weather report天气预报；research report研究报告动词用法：表示“汇报，报告”，指工作；可作及物动词或不及物动词，常用短语有report (on sth.) (to sb.) 或report sth. (to sb.)等。例如：I’ve asked him to report on his progress to me. 我要求他向我汇报工作进展情况。表示“报道（新闻事件等）”，常接that从句。例如：Reporters in New York reported that seven people had been killed. 纽约的记者报道说有七人遭到杀害。关联单词：reporter  n.记者；通讯员（2019，山东卷，词汇运用）43 He_____________ to hand in his science report last week.15. requirev.需求，要求 用法：表示“需要（某物），依靠”，相当于need；可直接街宾语，可用于require sb./sth. to do sth.结构。例如：If you require further information, you should ask the teacher.True friendship requires us to be honest to each other.真正的友谊需要我们彼此坦诚。表示“要求”，多指法律或规则的规定；常用be required to do sth.结构。例如：You are required by law to follow the traffic rules. 法律规定要遵守交通规则。词性转换：requirement  n.要求；必要条件；required  adj.必须的（2019，山东卷，单项填空）21. Tennis can exercise all of our muscles (肌肉) . And it requires _________to spend time with others. This is good for our health too. A. ours                    B. us                      C. we16. restn.休息；剩余部分；其余的人（物）v.休息，歇息 关联词组：have a (good) rest（好好）休息一会儿；rest in peace安息；all the rest其他一切名词用法：表示“休息”，常和动词have或take搭配。例如：You look tired! Why don’t you take a rest? 你看上去很累！为什么不休息一下呢？表示“剩余部分；余下的人或物”，常以the rest形式出现，后面接介词of。例如：He’ll stay in prison for the rest of his life. 他的余生将在监狱度过。动词用法：只作不及物动词，表示“休息，歇息”，相当于relax。例如：If you’re tired, we’ll stop and rest for a while.如果你累了，我们就停下来歇一会儿。表示“支撑，（使）倚靠”，无论作及物或不及物动词，其后通常要接副词或介词短语；常用于rest (sth.) against/on sth.表示“（把……）靠（倚）在”。例如：Rest your head on my shoulder. 把你的头靠在我的肩上。（2019，北京卷，完形）For the rest of the day, I felt like it was over.17. resultn.结果，效果 关联词组：final result最终结果；结局；test result实验结果用法：可表示因为某事而发生的“结果，后果”；也可表示体育运动、选举、实验或考试等的“结果，成绩”等。其后常接介词of；常用短语有as a result (of sth.)。例如：His high score in the exam was a result of hard work. 考试取得高分是他努力学习的结果。He made one big mistake. As a result, he lost his job. 他犯了个大错，结果丢了工作。（2019，北京卷，阅读D）The collapse of any of the networks of relations our well-being（健康）depends upon, such as food and energy, would produce terrible results.18. returnv.归还；回归  关联词组：the world’s population世界人口；population size人口规模；population growth人口增长用法：作及物动词，表示“归还”，相当于give back，因此return后面不再接back；常用于return sth. to sth/sb.结构。例如：I must return some books to the library. 我得把一些书还给图书馆。作不及物动词，表示“返回，回来，回去”，相当于come back或go back，同理return后面不再接back；常用于return (to…) (from…)的结构。例如：When did she return home from the trip? 她是什么时候旅行回来的？（2019年，湖北卷，完形）I felt very excited yesterday    50    the taxi driver came back to return the money in person.50.A. because              B. because of             C. even if       D. if19. reviewn.复习；评论；v.复习，回顾；重新调查 用法：review即可作名词，也可作动词，名词和动词的意义基本一致。表示“温习，复习”，尤指为考试而准备。例如：When you review your lessons, mark the places which you do not understand.当你们复习功课的时候，遇到不懂的地方把它们标出来。I must have a review of all the lessons for the final exam.为了期末考试，我必须把所有功课复习一遍。名词review还可用来表示“（报纸或杂志上的）评论，书评，影评”，后常接of；动词review则表示“写评论”。例如：The newspaper published a review of her book. 报纸刊登了一篇对她的书的评论。表示“审查，评审”，名词短语有under review、carry out a review等。例如：We will review your situation and decide how we can help you. 我们会研究你的情况，然后决定如何帮助你。This new policy is under review. 这项新政策正在评审中。关联单词：reviewer  n.评论者，评论家（2019年，江苏卷，单项填空）4. ﹣I’m not sure what to write about The Secret Garden in the report．﹣You should read some _____ about the book before writing． A. reviews  B. reasons  C. results  D. rewards20. richadj.富裕的，有钱的；丰富的 用法：表示“富有的”，指拥有许多钱；常用the rich短语作名词，表示“有钱人”，是复数概念。例如：one of the richest women in the world 世界上最富有的女人之一It's a favourite place for the rich. 这是富人最喜欢去的地方。表示“富含……的”，指某物质含量大；常用be rich in短语。例如：Oranges are rich in vitamin C. 橘子含有丰富的维生素C。表示“丰富多彩的，非常有趣的”，相当于colorful或interesting。例如：The city has a very rich history. 这个城市有着非常灿烂的历史。词性转换：richly  adv.丰富地；富裕地；richness  n.丰富，富裕反义词：poor  adj.贫穷的；贫瘠的（2019年，浙江卷，阅读D）I met Theophile Magnan, a retired, rich, old man from Lyons yesterday.21. rightadj.对的，正确的；合适的；右（边）的；n.右（边）；权利；adv.正好；立即；向右，朝右 形容词用法：表示“正确的，对的，如实的”，相当于correct；表示“合适的，恰当的”，相当于suitable。例如：His ideas have now been proved right. 他的观点现已证明是对的。I think she’s just the right person for the job. 我认为她就是这份工作的合适人选。表示“右边的，右侧的”，仅置于名词之前。例如：He had a knife in his right hand. 他右手拿着一把刀。副词用法：表示“正好（在某个地方或位置）”，表示一种强调；常用于right here/there或right+介词短语。例如：She was standing right in the middle of the room. 她就站在房间的正中央。表示“立刻，马上”，常见于right away= immediately，right after……等结构。例如：I’ll phone him right away.我马上就打电话给他。名词用法：表示“右边，右方，右侧”，常见搭配有on/to the right (of sth.)，on/to sb’s right等。例如：Our car is just to the right of that tree. 我们的车就在那棵树的右侧。熟词僻义：right作名词时，还可表示“权利”；常用the right to sth.表示“……的权利”；用have the/no right to do sth.结构，表示“有/没有权利做某事”。例如：Everyone should have the right to the freedom of choice. 每个人都应有自由选择的权利。He has no right to speak to me like that! 他无权那样对我说话！词性转换：rightly  adv.正确地；合适地反义词：left  adj.左（边）的；adv.向左，朝左；n.左（边）；wrong  adj.错误的（2019年，江苏卷，完形）The Hill family owned the rights to the melody and had to be  25   every time the song was part of a commercial(商业的) production.25.A. paid  B. praised  C. invited   D. warned22. ringv.（钟、铃等）响；打电话；n.铃声；电话；环形物（环、圈、戒指等）  词形变化：过去式rang，过去分词rung关联词组：ring road环形公路；gold ring金戒指；ring finger无名指；ring the bell按门铃；鸣钟动词用法：及物动词，表示“按铃，敲钟”；不及物动词，表示“铃响”。例如：The church bells rang. 教堂的钟声响了。I rang the doorbell but no one came. 我按了门铃，但没有人来。与打电话相关，表示“电话铃响”或“（给……）打电话”，相当于call。例如：I was going to ring you, but I don’t have your number. 我想给你打电话，但没有你的电话号码。名词用法：表示“戒指”，或“环状、圈状物”，例如wedding ring结婚戒指；onion rings洋葱圈表示“铃声，钟声”等，例如There was a ring of the bell. 铃响了。give sb. a ring(=call)结构表示“给某人打电话”，例如：I’ll give you a ring later in the week. 这个星期晚些时候我会给你打电话。（2019年，河北卷，单项填空）35. Ken was_________ late for school. The bell rang right after he entered the classroom.A. still  B. always   C. already  D. almost  23. riskn.冒险，风险 关联词组：at risk处于危险中；at the risk of冒着……的风险；take the risk承担风险；risk management风险管理；用法：表示“风险，危险（性）”；常用结构有the risk of“……的风险”；risk to sb./sth.对……的危害。例如：Smoking can increase the risk of heart disease. 吸烟会增加得心脏病的危险。There is no risk to public health. 对公众健康没有危害。表示“冒险（行为）”，常用于take the risk of doing sth.结构。例如：I couldn’t take the risk of leaving him alone even for a short time. 我不能冒险留下他独自一人，哪怕是一会儿也不行。词性转换：risky  adj.危险的，冒险的近义词：danger  n.危险（2019年，北京卷，阅读D）And it is through widespread loss of memory that civilizations are at risk of falling into a dark age.24. rulen.规则，规定；v.统治，治理 关联词组：general rule通则，一般规则；golden rule金科玉律名词用法：后面可接介词of表示“……的规定（则）”，如the rules of the game游戏规则；under/according to the rules根据规则；例如：Under the rules, the company must publish its report every year.根据规定，该公司每年必须公布报告。熟词僻义：rule可作动词，表示“统治，治理”，可作及物动词；也可作不及物动词，并常和over连用：Queen Victoria ruled England for 64 years. 维多利亚女王统治英格兰64年。He ruled over that country for only eight months. 他统治了那个国家仅8个月时间。关联单词：ruler  n.尺子（2019年，山东卷，阅读A）Follow the 60:60 rule: listen to music at 60 percent of your headphones' maximum volume for no more than 60 minutes a day.