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人教版中考英语重点词汇梳理(首字母A)学案
展开1. able
adj. 能够……的;有能力的;能干的
关联词组:be able t d sth.能做某事
用法:be able t与can的区别:can只有现在式(can)和过去式(culd)两种形式,而be able t可有各种时态。
词性转换:ability n.能力
反义词:unable adj.不会的,无能的
(2019,北京卷,阅读A)It was a lifetime experience. I was able t experience Chinese living and culture.
2. abrad
adv.在国外;到国外
关联词组:study abrad海外留学;wrk abrad在(到)国外工作
同义词:verseas adv.在国外,在海外 adj.海外的,国外的
(2019,山东卷,阅读表达)A lt f peple, usually aged between 20 and 30, are leaving the cuntry t wrk abrad.
3. absent
adj. 缺席的,不在的
关联词组:be absent frm…缺席……;be absent-minded心不在焉
词性转换:absence n.缺席,不在
(2019,河南卷,单项选择)
26.—What’s the matter with Tm? He has been absent fr tw days.
—Oh! He be ill. Let’s g and ask Ms. Brwn.
A. canB. needC. mayD. wuld
4. accent
n. 口音,音调
关联词组:British accent英式口音;American accent美式口音;lcal accent乡音,方言
(2019,浙江卷,完形)It s cl! My sister lves the British accent. (口音).
5. accept
v. 接受;认可
accept和receive的区别:receive: 收到(表客观);accept:接受(表主观)
词性转换:acceptable adj.可接受的;acceptance n.接受,认可
(2019,北京卷,单项填空)
11.My advice n hw t save paper by my class last Mnday.
A. acceptsB. acceptedC. was acceptedD. is accepted
6. accident
n. (交通)事故;意外
关联词组:traffic accident交通事故;by accident=by chance偶然
词性转换:accidental adj.意外的,偶然的;accidentally adv.意外地
(2019,浙江卷,阅读B)T avid accidents, sme tramplines have 8 safety net arund them.
7. achieve
vt. 取得;获得;实现;成功vi. 达到预期的目的,实现预期的结果
关联词组:achieve success取得成功
词性转换:achievement n.成就
(2019,山东卷,词汇运用)
49. Peple wh learn ________ (明智地) and well will achieve their dreams mre easily.
8. act
vt. 行动;表演
关联词组:act as担当,充当
词性转换:actin n.动作,行动;active adj.积极的,主动的;actively adv.积极地;activity n.活动
(2019,江苏卷,阅读A)
22. On which day are there tw different activities?
A. Mnday.B. Tuesday.C. Wednesday.D. Thursday.
(2019,山东卷,词性转换)
68. There are abut 6,000' languages that are spken arund the wrld, but 43% f them are dying ut. If n _________is taken, sme f these languages will disappear. (act)
9. add
vi. 加;增加;加起来;做加法vt. 增加,添加;补充说;计算…总和
关联词组:add… t…把……加到……上
熟词生义:接着说,补充说。例如:“And dn't be late,” she added.
词性转换:additin n.增加,添加物:in additin t…除……之外
(2019,浙江卷,单项填空)
1.- Peter, shall we g fr a picnic this Sunday?
- OK. Let's add it t _____________ weekend plan.
A. aB. anC. theD. /
10. advantage
n. 优点;有利条件
关联词组:take advantage f利用
反义词:disadvantage n.缺点;不利条件
(2019,浙江卷,阅读B)Actually, tramplining has many advantages.
11. advertisement
n. 广告
关联词组:TV advertisement电视广告
词形变换:advertise v.做广告,宣传
(2019,河北卷,任务型阅读)Advertisements are made t make peple feel certain that they are true, and then peple can buy the prducts.
12. advice
n. 劝告;建议;忠告
用法:属于不可数名词,表示“一条建议”要用a piece f advice
关联词组:give sb. sme advice n sth就……给某人提建议;take/fllw ne’s advice 采纳某人的建议
词性转换:advise(美式) v.劝告,建议:advise sb. (nt) t d sth. 劝某人(不要)做……
同义词:suggestin n.建议(可数名词)
(2019,浙江卷,完形)The advice she gave was s ____18____, and I had heard it a millin times.
18. A. funnyB. simpleC. usefulD. different
13. affrd
vt. 买得起;承担得起(后果)
关联词组:affrd t d sth.有经济能力做某事
用法:后面可接名词,代词或t d sth.;常与can, culd, be able t连用;通常用于否定句或问句中。
词性转换:affrdable adj.负担得起的
(2019,北京卷,阅读D)In the Agricultural(农业的)Age, a farmer culd affrd t frget hunting skills
14. afraid
adj. 害怕的;畏惧的;担心的
用法:be afraid t d…害怕做……;be afraid f (ding) sth.担心(做)……;be afraid+ 从句
(2019,山东卷,阅读C)The king felt afraid. “Fairy,” he shuted, “take away this 47 gift!”
15. against
prep. 对着;反对
eq \\ac(○,1)对着,倚靠:against the wall靠着墙
eq \\ac(○,2)反对,对抗:be against sth.反对……;fight against同……作战(斗争);play against与……对赛
eq \\ac(○,3)对……不利:She has said nthing against yu.她并没有说任何对你不利的话。
(2019,江苏卷,完形)
Why is Sng He Lu s special ___14___ hundreds f restaurants?
14. A. betweenB. againstC. amngD. beynd
16. agree
vt. 同意;赞成;承认vi. 同意;意见一致
用法:agree with sb./sth.赞成(同意)……;agree+从句
词性转换:agreement n.协议,同意,一致
反义词:disagree v.不同意
(2019,江苏卷,单项填空)
4.-Sme peple dn't shw their talents at the very beginning.
-I agree. Even Einstein ____________ read until he was seven.
A. can'tB. mustn'tC. culdn'tD. needn't
17. alive
adj. 活着的;有生气的
关联词组:keep…alive使……活着
alive与lively的区别:alive指的是“有生命的,活着的”,一般被放在所修饰的名词或代词的后面;而lively指的是“活泼的,有活力的,栩栩如生的”,一般被放在所修饰名词或代词的前面。
(2019,江苏卷,单项填空)
6.Lve yur parents __________ they are alive. Dn't wait until it is t late.
A. whileB. thughC. becauseD. unless
18. allw
v. 允许;准许
关联词组: allw sb. t d…允许某人做;allw ding…允许做……
词性转换:allwance n.津贴;允许
(2019年,浙江卷,单项填空)
6.We dn’t allw taking magazines ut, but yu _________ cpy the article yu need n the machine ver there.
A. canB. mustC. shuldD. wuld
19. alne
adv. 独自,单独;adj.单独的,独自的
关联词组:g alne单独去,一个人去;leave sb. alne.不管,不打扰,让某人一个人呆着
alne和lnely的区别:
eq \\ac(○,1)alne通常用作副词,充当状语,也可以用作形容词;lnely只能用作形容词。
eq \\ac(○,2)alne是指行为或动作上的,意为单独,独自;lnely是指心灵上的,意为寂寞,孤独。
(2019年,浙江卷,完形)I wish she wuld leave us alne. We were in the same summer schl and nw she thinks we're best friends.
20.angry
adj.生气的;愤怒的
关联词组:angry with sb.生某人的气;angry abut sth.因……生气;angry at对……发怒(生气)
词性变化:angrily adv.生气地,愤怒地;anger n.怒气,愤怒
(2019年,山东卷,动词应用)Liu was angry because Ran refused 70 (stp) the bus after she missed her statin.
21. answer
n. 答案;v. 回答
用法:表示“……的答案”要用介词t,即the answer t sth.
(2019年,江苏卷,完形)
Hwever, I've fund the ___12___ t this questin.
12. A. attentinB. excuseC. answerD. distance
22. any
prn.(无论)哪一个,任何,任一;adj.(用于疑问句、否定句)任何的,一些
eq \\ac(○,1)与any相关的复合不定代词:anybdy/anyne任何人;anything任何事
eq \\ac(○,2)与any相关的复合不定副词:anyway无论如何,不管怎样;anywhere在任何地方
(2019年,江苏卷,单项填空)
3.- Keep quiet! I need cmplete__________ when I'm wrking.
-Srry, dad. I wn't make any nise again.
A. trustB. silenceC. cntrlD. strength
(2019年,江苏卷,单项填空)
10.-Simn, where d yu want t eat?
-_______________. I eat anything.
A. I dn't mindB. My PleasureC. Gd ideaD. Certainly nt
23. appear
vi. 出现;显得;似乎
eq \\ac(○,1)表示“出现”时,为及物动词,后面不接宾语,也不能用于被动语态;
eq \\ac(○,2)表示“显得,看起来;似乎,好像”时,为系动词,后可接名词、形容词、t d作表语;
eq \\ac(○,3)it appears + that从句:表示“看来……,似乎……”。
词性转换:appearance n.出现,来到;外貌,面貌
反义词:disappear v.消失
(2019年,浙江卷,阅读C)The radi telescpe thus appeared, and it is cnsidered ne f the greatest inventins in the twentieth century.
24. arrive
vi. 到达
用法:arrive at/ in(小地方用at,大地方用)= get t(后接hme, here, there时,省t)= reach
词性转换:arrival n.到达,来到
(2019年,江苏卷,词汇检测)
42. Miss Zhang ____________(订购)a dress nline tw weeks ag, but it hasn't arrived yet.
25. artical
n. 文章;东西;冠词
关联词组:write an article写一篇文章
用法:可以用来作名词的计量单位,例如:an article f clthes一件衣服
(2019年,浙江卷,完形)
6.We dn’t allw taking magazines ut, but yu ____________ cpy the article yu need n the machine ver there.
A. canB. mustC. shuldD. wuld
26. asleep
adj. 睡着的
关联词组:fall asleep入睡,睡着
asleep和sleepy的区别:asleep表示“睡着了”,强调状态;sleepy表示“想睡的,困倦的”,实际上并没有睡。
词性转换:sleep v.睡觉
(2019年,浙江卷,单项填空)
5.Betty felt s tired last night that she ____________ fell asleep in bed after lying dwn.
A. recentlyB. suddenlyC. frequentlyD. immediately
27. attentin
n. 注意;关注
关联词组: give ne’s/pay attentin t (ding) sth.注意……;draw/ attract ne’s attentin引起某人的注意
词性转换:attend v. 出席;照料,照顾
(2019年,北京卷,阅读C)Secndly, and perhaps mst effectively, we can give ur whle attentin t an experience-t what we are seeing, feeling, tasting, smelling r hearing.
28. available
adj. 可用的,可获得的;有空的
关联词组:be available fr/t sb.对……可用,对……开放。例如:The schl library is available fr every student.学校图书馆对所有学生开放。
反义词:unavailable adj.不可用的;没空的
(2019年,湖南卷,阅读)
42.Frm the menu abve, we knw that _______.
A.bread and butter ges with starters
B.there are fur kinds f different ice cream
C.the desserts are available fr bth lunch and dinner
29. avid
vt. 避免;避开,躲避;消除
关联词组:avid sth/ ding sth.避免(做)……
(2019年,山东卷,动词应用)
We 73 (stand) up and stp such fights between passengers and drivers 74 (avid) this kind f tragedy.
30. awake
v.唤醒;adj.醒着的
词形变化:过去式awke,过去分词awken
关联词组:stay awake保持醒着的,保持清醒;awake frm从……中醒来
与wake的区别:
eq \\ac(○,1)wake只能作动词,通常可以接up;awake可做动词,通常不接up,awake也可作形容词。
eq \\ac(○,2)作动词时,awake可用于本意表示“醒来,弄醒”,但更多用于比喻意义表示“认识到”、“意识到”;wake (up)更多用于本意,也可以用于比喻意义。
(2019年,山东卷,阅读)When they gt there, the bus driver was awake and sitting up, but nt speaking.
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