新高考2021届高考英语小题必练19七选五之主旨概括题

这是一份新高考2021届高考英语小题必练19七选五之主旨概括题，共6页。

主旨概括题主要考查考生对文章或段落进行概括的能力，它要求考生在阅读文章时，能够提炼其中心思想，体会作者的写作意图，充分运用概括能力提取文章的主题、观点以及作者的情感态度。这类题通常从两个方面设题：①概括文章或段落的主题句或结论性语句；②段落标题。
【典例】(2020·新课标Ⅰ节选)
●___37___ D nt fllw the peple wh make yu feel nt-gd-enugh. Why d yu fllw them? Are yu hping that eventually yu will feel empwered because yur life is better than theirs? Knw that yur life is yur wn;yu are the nly yu in this wrld.
A. Feeling upset again?
B. Where d yu start?
C. Nthing is t small t celebrate.
D. Remember, yu are nly human.
E. Set an intentin fr self-acceptance.
F. Stp cmparing yurself with thers.
G. When des the cmparisn game start?
【答案】F
【解析】本段主要讲述不要把自己和别人作比较，因为生活是我们自己的，我们也是世界上独一无二的。故F. Stp cmparing yurself with thers.(停止把自己和别人进行比较。)可以作为本段中心句，故选F项。
A
Hw d yu react t challenges? D yu run and hide, r d yu face them with yur head held high? Having cnfidence in yurself can give yu pwer t face challenges and succeed in the fllwing tw aspects f life.
1．
Everyne knws that lking cnfident during a jb interview will help yu get the jb. Cnfidence actually can help yu in yur career. In ther wrds, if yu think yu’ll succeed in yur wrkplace, it’s mre likely that yu will succeed ne day.
Scial skills
Being sure f yurself can als make yu feel calm when meeting new peple. Yu’ll be less afraid f rejectin, s yu’ll be free t be yurself. 2．. Yur nice image will make them mre willing t interact with yu.
But hw t develp yur cnfidence?
● 3．. Make a list f yur strengths and weaknesses.Being cnfident desn’t mean yu have t be blind t prblems yu have.But yu want balance. Be sure t think f a strength fr every weakness yu write dwn.
● Set gals. Make sme gals fr yur daily tasks. If yu culd accmplish anything in life, what wuld it be? Think big but als think smal1. 4．. Sme f yur gals can invlve imprving the weaknesses yu listed. Then yu’ll have ne reasn fewer t dubt yurself.
● Lk yur best. Taking a little time t make yurself lk gd will help yu have a psitive attitude.
● Stand up straight, smile and lk peple in the eye. 5．.
Having cnfidence in yurself takes sme effrt, but it brings great benefits.
A. Knw yurself
B. Prfessinal perfrmance
C. It’s difficult t build up cnfidence
D. That makes it easier t make a gd impressin
E.Write dwn the prblems yu ften cme acrss in schl life
F.Even getting smething small dne will give yu cnfidence t achieve mre gals
G.Act cnfidently, it wn’t be lng befre yur feelings fllw the three kinds f behavirs
【答案】1-5 BDAFG
【解析】本文是说明文。文章就如何面对挑战这一话题，给出了三个方面的建议。
1．根据下文中的关键词“a jb interview”；“wrkplace”可知，B项“职业表现”能更好地起到总结作用。故选B。
2．D项中的“that”指代上文中的“Yu’ll be less afraid f rejectin, s yu’ll be free t be yurself”，且其中“gd impressin”与下文中的关键词汇“nice image”的意思接近。故选D。
3．该空位于段落开头，是主题句。根据下文内容“列出你的优点和缺点。自信并不意味着你必须对自己的问题视而不见。但你需要平衡。一定要为你写下的每一个弱点想一个优点。”本段主要围绕了解自己的优点和缺点展开阐述，由此可知，A项Knw yurself（了解自己）切题。故选A。
4．F项“即使是完成一件小事也会给你实现更多目标的信心”更好地承接上文“要想大事，也要想小事”。故选F。
5．G项中的“three kinds f behavirs”正好概括上文中的“Stand up straight, smile and lk peple in the eye（站直，微笑，看着别人的眼睛）”这三种自信的行为。故选G。
B
Steps t write a gd essay
If yu ask many peple, they will prbably say that writing a research paper is challenging. 6.______
Firstly, chse a tpic that yu are interested in r a tpic yu are curius abut, which will mtivate yu t d the necessary research n it. Meanwhile, fr helpful and reliable surces f infrmatin, the library is the best resurce. Use bks, published articles, jurnals, newspapers and magazines t research yur chsen tpic.
7.______ Clr cde them by tpic, and use different-clred highlighters t mark the details s yu can find each tpic easily. Every time yu nte smething dwn, write the bibligraphical infrmatin, including the authr, the bk title, page numbers used, vlume number, publisher's name and date f publicatin.
After in-depth research, yu can g n t write an utline. With all the ntes and imprtant infrmatin yu've gathered, determine where each tpic
Finishing the utline, yu can begin the first Yu can d mre research if yu feel like yu're lacking infrmatin. This is nly the first draft, s yu can still make changes as yu g n.
Once yu reread yur first draft ver and ver and make the necessary changes yu feel yu shuld make, it is time t write yur final draft. Make sure that all the vital infrmatin is included and that yur writing makes sense and has a steady and natural flw all At last, read the final versin as many times as yu want and even ask a friend r prfessr t read it t.
A. Then, d the research.
B. Next, be rganized with yur ntes.
C. Simply nte which parts will be the beginning, middle and end.
D. Once the questin has been answered, yu can begin cnstructing yur essay.
E. Indeed, it requires thrugh research and needs a few basic tips fr it t be less challenging.
F. This is the part where yu put mre details int the paper s peple can read it and actually understand it.
G. Check the spelling and grammatical errrs, and every surce yu used is listed in the paper's bibligraphy.
【答案】6-10 EBCFG
【解析】这是一篇说明文。写研究论文很有挑战性，文章主要说明了写一篇好论文的步骤。
6.结合后文主要介绍了书写论文的步骤，可推知，本句为肯定上文的说法，说明写研究论文的确具有挑战性，以及分析具有挑战性的原形。上文中challenging可对应到E选项中challenging。故E选项“的确，它需要深入的研究和需要一些基本的技巧来降低它的挑战性”符合语境，故选E。
7.本句为本段主旨句，后文主要说明了如何整理笔记，且后文中nte smething dwn可对应到B选项中yur ntes。故B选项“其次，整理好你的笔记”符合语境，故选B。
8.本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明编写大纲的步骤，且上文提到了确定每个主题适合的位置，且论文包括开头、中间和结尾，故C选项“简单地记下哪些部分是开头，中间和结尾即可”符合语境，故选C。
9.本句属于过渡句，承接上文说明初稿的意义和目的，上文the first draft可对应到F选项中This is the part。故F选项“这是你在论文中加入更多细节的部分，以便人们可以阅读并真正理解它”符合语境，故选F。
10.本句应当承接上文继续说明写终稿的注意事项，故G选项“检查拼写和语法错误，并且你使用的每一个来源都列在论文的参考书目中”符合语境，故选G。
C
Running is a great way t get in shape and just abut everyne can d it. Given that it's s easy t take up the sprt, a lt f beginners jump right int running withut actually knwing what it takes t establish a healthy rutine.
___11___. If yu are just starting ut, avid the fllwing things t help yu increase yur chances f running success.
Ding t much t sn
One f the biggest mistakes beginners make is ding t much t sn. Picking up a new hbby like running is n dubt exciting. Runners need t ease int the sprt befre increasing the distance.___12___.
___13___
Beginners might think they need t run nearly every day t meet their fitness r weight-lss gals, but this culdn't be further frm the truth.___14___,especially fr beginners whse muscles and bnes haven’t yet been cnditined fr such intense (剧烈的) exercise. S it's imprtant t give yur bdy ample rest between wrkuts. Fllw a training plan that includes rest days.
Cmparing yurself t thers
___15___, Yu’re excited abut running, s yu are prbably reading running blgs, magazines and message bards where yu might start t feel inadequate abut yur wn running pace. Instead f getting dwn n yurself，remember that every runner was nce a beginner and use their success as mtivatin!
A. Nt running every day
B Nt taking rest days
C. Running is a demanding activity which can be really hard n yur bdy
D. As mentined, a healthy rutine is what they attach imprtance t
E. When starting ut with running, it's tugh nt t cmpare yurself t thers
F. Many make a number f cmmn mistakes, which can interfere (干扰) with training r lead t injury
G. It will help reduce the risk f injury, s yu can cntinue with yur new running rutine
【答案】11-15 FGBCE
【解析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了对于刚开始跑步的人，要避免哪些事项来提高成功的机会。
11.上文提到的跑步是一项很容易参与的运动，所以许多跑步初学者并没有形成一套健康的跑步方式。引出下文Many make a number f cmmn mistakes, which can interfere (干扰) with training r lead t injury. 许多人会犯很多常见的错误，这些错误会干扰训练或造成伤害。故选F项。
12.根据上文Runners need t ease int the sprt befre increasing the distance.可知跑步者需要在增加跑步距离之前进行放松运动。承接下文，G项（它有助于降低受伤风险，因此你可以继续新的跑步日常）切题。G项it指的是前面整个句子，对前面的句子做出了进一步的解释。故选G项。
13.根据本段Beginners might think they need t run nearly every day t meet their fitness r weight-lss gals, but this culdn't be further frm the truth.和Fllw a training plan that includes rest days.可知初学者可能会认为他们几乎每天都要跑步以达到他们的健身或减肥目标，但这不可能是事实。要在训练计划中安排休息。所以这段要讲的误区就是坚持跑步而不休息，B项（没有休息日）符合，是本段的主旨句。故选B项。
14.根据后文especially fr beginners whse muscles and bnes haven't yet been cnditined fr such intense exercise.可知特别是对那些肌肉和骨骼不适合如此剧烈的运动的初跑者，此处是想表达跑步是一项有难度的运动，连接下文，C项（跑步是一项要求很高的运动，对你的身体来说可以真的很难）切题，故选C项。
15.根据小标题Cmparing yurself t thers可知跑步的一个误区就是拿自己和别人比较，E项（刚开始跑步的时候，不拿自己和别人比较很难做到）符合语境，故选E项。