新高考2021届高考英语小题必练13阅读理解之细节理解题

这是一份新高考2021届高考英语小题必练13阅读理解之细节理解题，共10页。试卷主要包含了直接信息题，间接信息题，数字计算题， B等内容，欢迎下载使用。

(1)文章细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。
(2)命题人员会要求考生根据不同的要求，阅读文章以获得某些特定的信息或准确地寻求所需的细节。
(3)这类试题有时比较直接，理解字面意思即可答题；有时则较为间接，需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。细节理解题占阅读理解总题量的60%左右。
1.直接信息题
【典例】（2020·山东卷A篇节选）
50 Hnrable Mentins:Judges will chse up t 50 hnrable mentin winners, wh will each receive a T-shirt in memry f Earhart’s final flight.
What will each f the hnrable mentin winners get?
A. A plane ticket.
B. A bk by Crinne Szab.
C. A special T-shirt.
D. A pht f Amelia Earhart.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据50 Hnrable Mentins这一段“Judges will chse up t 50 hnrable mentin winners, wh will each receive a T-shirt in memry f Earhart's final flight”，由此可知，纪念奖是送的T恤，故选C。
【点拨】第一步：依据题干信息，选择定位关键词
细节理解题直接信息题一般是对文章局部内容的考查，且题目相对简单，所以，不必通篇细读全文，可先通过题干信息来选择定位关键词。关键词主要是题干中的名词，动词和数词，即问题的核心信息。
第二步：依据关键词，回原文定位信息进行比对
确定了定位关键词后，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与题干有关的关键词，回到原文进行信息定位，然后将选项内容与原文信息比对，得出正确答案。
2.间接信息题
【典例】（2020·山东卷B篇节选）
Thrugh it all, she remained in gd academic standing and graduated with hnrs.Jennifer sacrificed (牺牲) t achieve her gal, giving up many nights with her kids andmissing imprtant events t study.“Sme nights my heart was breaking t have t pick between my kids and studying fr exams r papers,”she says.Hwever, her children have learned an imprtant lessn witnessing their mther earn her degree.Jennifer is a first-generatin graduate and an inspiratin t her family—and that’s pretty pwerful.
What did Jennifer sacrifice t achieve her gal?
A. Her health. B. Her time with family.
C. Her reputatin. D. Her chance f prmtin.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据“ Jennifer sacrificed (牺牲) t achieve her gal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing imprtant events t study. ”，可知，主人公为了学业，不能陪伴孩子，故选B。
【点拨】间接信息题相比直接信息题，命题的隐蔽性更强，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。此类题目需要考生将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，有时还需要进一步的加工或整理。
3.数字计算题
【典例】（2020·山东卷A篇节选）
3 Grand Prizes: Trip t Washingtn, D.C. fr each f three winners, a parent and ne ther persn f the winner’s chice. Trip includes rund-trip air tickets, htel stay fr tw nights, and turs f the Natinal Air and Space Museum and the ffice f Natinal Gegraphic Wrld.
Hw many peple can each grand prize winner take n the free trip?
A. Tw.B. Three.C. Fur.D. Six.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据3 Grand Prizes中第一句 “Trip t Washingtn, D.C. fr each f three winners, a parent and ne ther persn f the winner's chice. ”可知，旅行可以携带两个人，故选A。
【点拨】数字计算题要求考生在原文中找到有关的数字信息，再对相关的信息和数字进行分析和理解，利用加、减、乘、除等运算方法进行计算，确定答案。
A
Essay Cmpetitin
The aim f this cntest is t encurage great student writers and t give them a leg-up in their studies.
Prizes
One Grand Prize winner will receive: $1,000 in cash; the essay published in ur magazine’s May 2021 issue; an interview with ur magazine’s authr.
Ten First Place winners will receive:$500 in cash; their names and essay titles listed in ur magazine's May 2021 issue.
Fifty Hnrable Mentin winners will receive: a $ 50 gift card t ur nline shp.
Requirements
*The length f the essay shuld be between 500-700 wrds.
*Write an essay n the tpic f: Hw FdAffects Our Md.
*Please write abut three reasns fr believing in yur thesis(论点)statement in the frm f bdy paragraphs and back up yur reasns with practical evidence frm respected surces.
*D nt write abut yurself and dn’t explain why yu deserve t win the prizes.
Deadlines
Early-Bird Deadline: May 4, 2020--Free fr the entry.
Deadline: June 5,2020--$ 5 fr the entry.
Extended Deadline: July 22，2020--$ 10 fr the entry.
1. What will One Grand Prize winners be rewarded with?
A. Receiving $1500 in cash.
B. Having their essay titles listed in the magazine.
C. Receiving a gift card t the particular nline shp.
D. Gaining an pprtunity t meet the magazine's authr.
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据“an interview with ur magazine’s authr”可知，特等奖将有和杂志主编见面的机会。故选D。
2. Which f the fllwing meets the requirements?
A. Writing an essay f mre than 800 wrds.
B. Submitting an essay abut fd nutritin.
C. Expressing yur strng desire t get the award.
D. Supprting yur reasns with credible evidence.
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。答案定位到“Requirements”部分,“Please write abut three reasns fr believing in yur thesis(论点)statement in the frm f bdy paragraphs and back up yur reasns with practical evidence frm respected surces.”请在文章主体部分，写出3个论据来支撑你的论点，论据要从可信度高的资料中获得，要是实用的证据。故选D。
3. When can yu submit yur essay fr free?
A. June 4, 2020. B. May 25, 2020. C. March4, 2020. D. July 25, 2020.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。答案定位到“Deadlines”部分，“Early-Bird Deadline: May 4, 2020--Free fr the entry.”可知20202年5月4日以前是免费的，故选C。
B
When 17-year-ld Wlf Cukier accepted an internship (实习) at NASA's Gddard Space Flight Center, he expected t be challenged and gain insights int pursuing a career in physics. Instead, the high schl junir attained wrldwide fame fr an achievement—finding a new planet!
The teenager was tasked with examining images f the changes in star brightness in search f evidence f planets utside ur slar system. “I was pretty much spending my summer lking at data and images n a cmputer screen,” Cukier said. “Abut three days int my internship, I saw a signal frm a system called TOI1338. At first, I thught it was a star eclipse (遮光) but the timing was wrng. It turned ut t be a planet.”
And it was n rdinary planet either. Further research by Cukier and a team f scientists frm Gddard revealed that TOI 1338 b, as it is nw called, is a rare planet—a wrld rbiting tw stars. Cukier, a fan f Star Wars, cmpares it t Tatine in the mvie. “It's very much like Tatine, at least hw the stars wuld appear in the sky. S, it wuld als have a duble sunset.” The researchers, wh shwed their findings n January 6, 2020, believe that TOI 1338 b is abut 6.9 times larger than the earth. It is als the nly planet in the TOI 1338 system, which lies 1, 300 light-years away frm the earth. The experts state that TOI 1338 b's tw stars, which rbit each ther every 15 days, vary in size.
Talking abut his discvery, Cukier says it was bth luck and “putting in the hard wrk” that led t his discvery. “Yes, what I did is impressive, but it als didn't take that many special skills. S, if smene is interested in science, like my age, and even if they dn't have training, they shuld still just reach ut t researchers and find smething that they can d because almst anyne can lk thrugh data. It just happened t be me, wh saw this ne.”
As fr his future, Cukier plans t study either physics r astrphysics in cllege. He hpes t attend Stanfrd, Princetn r MIT next autumn.
4. Hw did Wlf Cukier feel when he first saw the signal frm TOI 1338 b?
A. He was verjyed.
B. He was puzzled.
C. He was wrried.
D. He was uninterested.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。把题干中的“Hw did Wlf Cukier feel”与第一、二段的内容进行匹配；从第二段中的“Abut three days int my internship, I saw a signal frm a system called TOI 1338. At first, I thught it was a star eclipse but the timing was wrng. It turned ut t be a planet.”可知，开始主人公以为是恒星的遮光，但与时间又不符。这说明Wlf Cukier在刚看到图像信息时是困惑的。故选B。
5. What is special abut TOI 1338 b?
A. It was fund by NASA scientists.
B. It circles arund tw stars.
C. It resembles Tatine in the slar system.
D. It is abut 6.9 times larger than the earth.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。排除选项A，文本第一段表明是一位高中生在NASA实习时最早洞察到新行星的，而不是美国航天局的科学家；选择选项B，文本第三段中的“a rare planet—a wrld rbiting tw stars”说明其特别之处；排除选项C，文本第二段中的“examining images f the changes in star brightness in search f evidence f planets utside ur slar system”，说明新行星不属于太阳系；排除选项D，文本第三段中提到了行星的大小，但不是其特别之处。故选B。
6. What des Wlf Cukier think leads t his discvery?
A. His affectin fr star wars mvies.
B. Having an internship at NASA.
C. His luck and devtin.
D. His special skills and training.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。由第四段中的“Cukier says it was bth luck and‘putting in the hard wrk’that led t his discvery”可知C项正确。故选C。
7. Where des the text prbably cme frm?
A. A mvie review.
B. A physics paper.
C. A science fictin.
D. A newspaper reprt.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。通读本短文内容可知，这是一篇“新闻报道”。A选项为“电影影评”，排除；B选项为“物理学论文”，排除；C选项为“科幻小说”，排除。故选D。
C
Deciding t get her mney’s wrth ut f the wedding dress n which she spent ver $1,000, an Australian wman has been wearing her wedding dress, a year after her wedding.
43-year-ld Tammy Hall adpted a new lifestyle-anti-cnsumerism (反消费主义) lifestyle in 2016, after a trip t India pened her eyes t hw much we as a sciety cnsumed. She decided nt t buy any new clthes r ftwear fr a whle year after she returned hme t Adelaide, in Suthern Australia, and she managed t make it.
But last year, as her wedding day apprached, she faced a dilemma. She wanted t lk gd n the mst imprtant day f her life, but hw culd she spend a small frtune n the wedding dress she wuld nly wear n that day?
"In the end I decided that if I was ging t get a wedding dress, I'd make sure I culd get my mney's wrth," Hall tells PA Real Life.
"The first time I wre it after the wedding was t vte in the Australian electin in early 2019," the 43-year-ld adds. "Since then, it's been t all srts f places. Wearing it n a crwded train was especially funny, but I've wrn it t d husewrk, t ftball games and t the gym."
Hall says that she has gtten sme strange lks frm peple, but n irritating（令人愤怒的） cmments. It may have smething t d with the fact that the dress is nt the fanciest, but she believes peple are just t reserved t say anything. Anyway, she desn't really care, because she knws she has t hit the gal she has set and wearing the dress multiple times is the mst reasnable way she culd think f t make the mst f her wedding dress.
Hall nw plans t wear her wedding dress n a trip t Iceland that she and her partner will take next summer.
8. Why did Tammy Hall adpt a new lifestyle?
A. T adapt herself t Indian life.B. T cut dwn her cnsumptin.
C. T save mney fr her next trip.D. T get prepared fr her wedding.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。由题干关键词Tammy Hall和a new lifestyle可将答案定位到第二段。由第二段的句子可知，43岁的Tammy Hall接受了一种新的生活方式——反消费主义，因为此前一次印度之行让她看到了我们这个社会消费了多少东西，回到Adelaide后，她决定一整年不买任何新衣服或新鞋，说明她认为社会存在过度消费，所以接受反消费主义并缩减消费。故选B项。
9. What did Tammy Hall d t get her mney's wrth ut f her wedding dress?
A. She brught fun t peple with it.B. She tried t wear it t earn mney.
C. She wre it repeatedly in daily life.D. She gt it exchanged again and again.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。由第四段和第五段可知，为了确保从婚纱中得到价值，婚礼后她穿婚纱去2019年初的澳大利亚大选中投票，从那以后，她穿婚纱去过各种各样的地方，在拥挤的火车，做家务、踢足球和健身；可知Tammy Hall在日常生活中穿婚纱。故选C项。
10. What can we infer abut Tammy Hall?
A. She is determined t turn her ideas int practice.
B. She values her wedding dress less than her trips.
C. She has been struggling t make the ends meet.
D. She has influenced peple's lifestyle widely.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。由第二段“She decided nt t buy any new clthes r ftwear fr a whle year after she returned hme t Adelaide, in Suthern Australia, and she managed t make it.”第四段“In the end I decided that if I was ging t get a wedding dress, I'd make sure I culd get my mney's wrth”和倒数第二段“Anyway, she desn't really care, because she knws she has t hit the gal she has set and wearing the dress multiple times is the mst reasnable way she culd think f t make the mst f her wedding dress.”推断出Tammy Hall是一个能把想法付诸实践的人。故选A项。
D
Petry Cntest
Petry Cntest Deadline:Mnday, Nvember 23, 2020
Spnsred by:Funm Makama
Cntest Descriptin
• 18 pems f the maximum 35 allwed t be entered have been entered.
•Carefully read the sample pem by visiting ur website at uk.
•Take nte f ALL the meters/patters/sequence used in the sample pem.
What t Submit?
An riginal pem n any theme and f any title, published nt earlier than the 25th f Octber, 2020, this pem MUST fllw all the meters/patters/sequence yu've keenly bserved in the sample pem.
Beneath yur pem shuld be the cntest name, spnsr's name and date f publicatin.
Preparing Yur Entry
Submit ne cpy f yur pem nline. Frmat yur pem. Please make yur entry easy t read ---n illustratins r fancy fnts(字体).
English Language
Pems shuld be in English. Pems translated frm ther languages are nt qualified, unless yu wrte bth the riginal pem and the translatin.
Nte t Petry Cntestants
Yu are welcme t enter this cntest, whether r nt yu wn a prize in ne f ur previus cntests.
GOOD LUCK!
11. Hw many pems have been entered fr the cntest s far?
A. 17B.18C. 35.D. 53.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据“18 pems f the maximum 35 allwed t be entered have been entered.”最多可以有35首参赛诗，目前有18首参赛。故选B。
12. What preparatins shuld a cntestant make fr his/her entry?
A. Printing the pem n the paper.
B.Frmatting the pem prperly.
C. Adding illustratins beneath the pem.
D. Writing the pem withbeautiful fnts.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。答案定位到“Preparing Yur Entry”，根据”Submit ne cpy f yur pem nline. Frmat yur pem. Please make yur entry easy t read --- n illustratins r fancy fnts(字体).”可知，要将你的诗歌的副本上传到网上。诗歌要排版，参赛作品要简洁，不要有插图和字体。故选B。
13. What kind f pems is mst likely t be entered fr the cntest?
A. A pem selected frm a bk
B. A pem published n Octber 24, 2020.
C. A pem written in French withut its translatin.
D. A pem written n yur wn with the given pattern.
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据“An riginal pem n any theme and f any title, published nt earlier than the 25th f Octber, 2020.诗歌需要原创并且不能于2020年10月25日之前发表，故A、B选项错误；根据“Pems shuld be in English. Pems translated frm ther languages are nt qualified.”诗歌必须是英文，翻译成别的语言没有参赛资格，故C选项错误。D选项：符合给定格式的原创诗歌，是可以参赛的。故选D。语篇解读：本文是新闻报道。文章通过介绍一位美国高中生在NASA实习时，通过查看数据与图像，发现一颗特殊的行星，这颗行星同时围绕两颗恒星旋转。高中生还幽默地将这颗行星与电影中的行星做比较。最后，高中生表达了对天文学的热爱和今后的职业规划。主题贴近学生生活，对学生有教育意义。
语篇解读：这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了，一位反消费主义观念的澳大利亚妇女，为了避免浪费，结婚后一直穿婚纱做各种事，她认为多次穿上这件婚纱是利用婚纱最合理的方式。