英语必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters随堂练习题

Unit 4 Natural disaster

（本卷满分100分）

一、阅读理解（每小题2分，共16分）

A

What should you do if there’s an earthquake at school? How can you protect yourself when you are caught in a stampede(踩踏)? March 25 this year provides you with a good chance to learn about safety.

This day is called the National Day of Education on the Safety of Elementary and Middle School Students(NDESEMSS) (全国中小学生安全教育日). The theme of the day this year is to give students more knowledge about safety and make sure their lives safe.

A survey done by the China Youth and Children Research Center showed that school accidents kill more elementary and middle school students than anything else. The main accidents come from stampedes, earthquakes, fires and sports injuries.

What can we do to keep ourselves safe? Staying calm is the first and most important rule when facing accidents. But different accidents have different self-protection advice.

A stampede is possible anywhere. The larger a human crowd gets, the more likely stampedes become. When students around you begin to push, stand still and try to hold onto something, or stay in a corner until the crowd leaves. If you fall down in a moving crowd, cover your head with both hands. Lean to one side, curl up your body and bend your legs.

Earthquakes are common natural disasters. When you feel the ground shake, drop down, take cover under a desk and hold on. You should stay indoors until the shaking stops. If you are out-doors, don’t stay near buildings, trees or power lines.

When there’s a fire, follow the teachers’ instructions, leave the classroom quickly and use a piece of cloth to cover your mouth and nose so that you don’t breathe in smoke.

1. What should you do first when accidents happen according to this passage?

A. Run away.     B. Stand there.

C. Keep calm.     D. Cry loudly.

2. According to this passage, which of the following is TRUE?

A. Car accidents kill the most elementary and middle school students of all accidents.

B. When there’s a fire, you should use cloth to cover your mouth and nose.

C. If you fall down in a moving crowd, you can do nothing but wait there.

D. When an earthquake happens, you should stay near buildings or trees.

3. What’s the best title for this passage?

A. Be afraid of accidents

B. An earthquake is coming

C. Run away from accidents

D. How to protect yourself

4. If the writer continues to write this passage, what will be followed?

A. The changes of fires.

B. The reasons of accidents.

C. Sports injuries.

D. Smoking disadvantages.

B

Five years after a deadly earthquake and tsunami hit Japan,recovery remains years away.

More than 16,000 people died in the disaster and more than 470,000 were removed from their homes,says the Japanese Red Cross Society. Over 2,500 people are still missing and predicted dead. After pressure from survivors,the Japanese Coast Guard began underwater searches for the missing.

In Fukushima，more than 100,000 families still cannot return home,says the Red Cross Society. This is because of radioactive pollution from the damaged Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant.

In Japan,the disaster is known as “3－1－1”, marking the date five years ago.

It was really three disasters rolled into one.

“It started with an earthquake devastating(毁灭) in itself,then the tsunami,and then the radiation from the nuclear plant,” said Shioko Goto,a Japan expert at the Wilson Center in Washington,D.C.. Goto said the disaster showed the world “Japanese resilience(快速恢复的能力) and Japanese unity.”

But it also showed shortcomings. Among the most notable，the long time it took to stabilize the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant after it was flooded from the tsunami,Goto said. That process took eight months. Another,Japan’s dependence on nuclear power,she said. The disaster forced Japan to close all of its nuclear power plants,leaving parts of the country without electricity.

Goto offered up one major difference from the last major Japanese disaster,the 1995 Kobe Earthquake. In 2011,social media was everywhere,she said. Social media offered up plenty of “unfounded rumors and fearmongering(制造恐慌),”  Goto said.

But it also kept pressure on Japanese authorities to do more. Chikara Yoshida lost his only son,a 43-year-old volunteer fireman,on March 11,2011. He and his daughter posted a petition(请愿书) on Facebook to restart underwater searches. It drew over 28,000 signatures,according to the Associated Press.

The Japanese Coast Guard announced that it would resume searches this week. There have also been complaints that reconstruction efforts in hard-hit northern Japanese communities have been too slow. This week,Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe said the government will respond.

5. The number of the people who died in the disaster is________.

A. more than 18,500 B. over 16,000

C. over 470,000 D. more than 2,500

6. What are the three disasters rolling into one?

A. Nuclear power,tsunami and earthquake.

B. Flood,earthquake and tsunami.

C. Flood,tsunami and nuclear power.

D. Earthquake,tsunami and nuclear radiation.

7. Which of the following statements is true?

A. In Fukushima，more than 10，000 families still cannot return home.

B. The disaster forced Japan to close most of its nuclear power plants.

C. Japanese authorities were forced to do more after the disaster.

D. Chikara Yoshida and his daughter posted a petition on the Associated Press.

8. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A. The government can’t afford such a large sum of money in reconstruction efforts.

B. People complained reconstruction efforts in hard－hit northern Japanese communities have been too slow.

C. People in hard－hit northern communities have had a happy life since the disaster.

D. The government may take measures to promote reconstruction.

二、七选五（每小题2分，共10分）

Would you know what to do if a fire started in your home? Take the time now to review the following safety tips, and your family will be prepared in time of a fire in your home:

　9　 

An escape plan can help every member of a family get out of a burning house. The idea is to get outside quickly and safely. 　10   So it is important to learn and remember the different ways out of your home.  

Stay low

If you can see smoke in the house,  stay low to the ground as you make your way to the exit. 　11　 You will breathe less smoke if you stay to the ground. Smoke naturally rises, so if there is smoke while you are using your escape route, staying low means you can crawl(爬) under most of it.  

What if you can’t get out right away?

If you can’t get out fast because fire or smoke is stopping an escape route, you will want to yell for help. You can do this from an open window or call 911 if you have a phone with you. 　12　 Then, firefighters will have a hard time finding you. The sooner they find you, the sooner you both can get out.  

If your clothes catch fire, what should you do?

Your clothes could catch fire during a fire or by accident if you step too close to a candle. If this happens, don’t run! Instead, stop, drop to the ground, cover your face with your hands, and roll. This will cut off the air and put out the flames. 　13　 

A. Know your way out

B. Preventing fires is in the first place!

C. An easy way to remember this is: Stop, Drop, and Roll!

D. Smoke from a fire can make it hard to see where things are.

E. They will help prepare you for what you need to do in case of a fire.

F. Even if you are scared, never hide under the bed or in a closet.

G. In a fire, smoke and poisonous(有毒的) air hurt more people than the actual flames (火焰) do.

三、完形填空（每小题1.5分，共30分）

Many years ago a big earthquake hit America, killing over 30,000 people. A father    ___14    his wife safely at home and rushed to the    15    where his son was supposed to be,    16    to discover that the building was as flat as a pancake.

Seeing this, he remembered the    17    he had made to his son, “No matter what happens, I’ll always be there for you!” Tears began to    18    his eyes. As he looked at the pile of    19    that once was the school, it looked   20  , but he kept remembering his words to his son.

He began to concentrate    21    where he had    22   his son to class before. Remembering his son’s    23    had been in the right back corner of the teaching building, he rushed there and started digging    24    the ruins.

He kept digging and digging. Hours later, other    25    parents tried to pull him off    26    had been his son’s classroom, saying, “It’s too late! They’re all dead!”

But the father kept digging for his son. The fire chief    27    and said, “Fires are breaking out. You’re in    28   . Go home.” Hearing this, the American father,    __29__ very tired now, asked politely, “Are you going to help me?”

He went on    30   . He dug for 8 hours ...12 hours ...24 hours ...36 hours ...then, in the 38th hour, he heard his son’s   31   . He screamed his son’s name, “ARMAND!” And he heard his son shout back, “Dad?! It’s me, Dad! I told the other kids not to worry. I told them that if you were    32    you’d save us. You promised no matter what happened, you’d always be there for me! You did    33   , Dad!”

14. A. left   B. stayed  C. reached D. had

15. A. house  B. company C. school  D. office

16. A. hardly  B. mainly  C. surprisingly    D. only

17. A. belief  B. promise C. decision D. advice

18. A. rise  B. cover  C. fill  D. suffer

19. A. ruins  B. disasters C. earth  D. bricks

20. A. sad  B. hopeless C. needless D. useless

21. A. at   B. in   C. to   D. on

22. A. walked  B. let  C. run  D. seen

23. A. doorway  B. situation C. classroom D. entrance

24. A. from  B. through C. by  D. across

25. A. cold-hearted B. well-meaning C. good-looking D. hard-working

26. A. who  B. when  C. whose  D. what

27. A. showed up B. showed off C. got up  D. got off

28. A. frustration B. difficulty C. danger  D. fear

29. A. and  B. but  C. if   D. though

30. A. lonely  B. alone  C. together D. as well

31. A. sound  B. voice  C. noise  D. shout

32. A. right  B. dead  C. alive  D. injured

33. A. that  B. this  C. one  D. it

四、单句语法填空（每小题2分，共24分）

34. There are many things in different areas _______ we can do to reduce the possible dangers of AIDS.

35. My father has had a great effect _______me since I was a little boy. He teaches me how to do a good person.

36. George Orwell, _________ real name was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.

37. He __________ (damage) a car with a baseball bat last night.

38. We can _________ you _______ the best service.

39. Whatever may happen, you must keep ___________.

40. Those days in _________ you could travel without a passport has gone.

41. The boy helped his mother sweep _________ the dirt on the floor.

42. Tom ___________ (rescue) a boy _________ the river on his way home.

43. We must find a place _____________ (shelter) from the downpour.

44. He _______________ (trap) into saying that he liked the girl.

45. Do you hear of the writer and his novels ________ our teacher referred to yesterday?

五、读后续写（共20分）

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Why do earthquakes happen? Scientists believe that the surface of the earth is covered by a number of moving plates. Sometimes two plates move towards and push against each other. Sometimes they stop for years but at other times they jump and an earthquake is felt. Because of the movements of these plates, California, China and Japan have a lot of earthquakes. You can see the result in San Francisco where the Pacific plate meets the North American plate. When the 1906 earthquake happened, the Pacific plate jumped 5 to 6 metres to the north.

China is a country where many earthquakes happen. The Pacific plate is pushing China from the east and the Indian plate is pushing China from the southwest. The power of this movement created the Himalayas and Mount Qomolongma. It now causes earthquakes in China. We cannot stop earthquakes but we can do things to make sure they do not destroy whole cities. First it is not a good idea to build houses along the line where two plates meet. Second, if you think there may be an earthquake, make sure to build houses on rock rather than sand. Third, you must make the houses as strong as possible. Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【解析】

写作步骤

1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章主要说明了地震发生时，两个移动的板块相互碰撞。因此，在像加利福尼亚、中国和日本这样不同板块交汇的地区，地震经常发生。为了保护我们的城市免受这种致命的力量，我们最好在地震少的地区建房子，或者在必要时建在更坚固的地基上，使它们足够坚固，能够经受住地震。

2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。因此一定要弄清文章结构，归纳文章各段大意。

3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。

高一上学期训练卷

必修一 Unit4Natural disaster

英  语  （二）

一、阅读理解（每小题2分，共16分）

【答案】1-4 CBDC

【解析】该篇短文讲述了当地震等灾难来临时，我们应该怎样自救；如果在学校发生了地震，你应该怎样做？如果发生踩踏事故，你该怎么保护自己？

1. 细节理解题。根据短文内容“Staying calmis the first and most important rule when facing accidents”，可知面对事故时，保持冷静是首要的和最重要的原则。故选C。

2. 细节理解题。根据短文内容“When there’s a fire，leave the classroom quickly and use a piece of cloth to cover your mouth and nose so that you don’t breathe in smoke”，可知当发生火灾时，你应该用布捂住你的嘴和鼻子并且迅速离开。故选B。

3. 主旨大意题。通读短文“What should you do if there’s an earthquake at school? How can you protect yourself when you are caught in a stampede”等内容，可知该短文主要讲述了面对灾难时，怎样保护自己。故选D。

4. 判断推理题。根据短文内容“The main accidents come from stampedes, earthquakes, fires and sports injuries,”可知短文中提到了主要的安全事故是由踩踏、地震、火灾和运动损伤引起的。而该篇短文讲述了踩踏、地震、火灾等事故，只有运动损伤没有讲述，故如果作者继续写这篇文章的话，他会讲述关于运动损伤的安全事故。故选C。

【答案】5-8 BDCD

【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了受到海啸袭击多年后日本面临的问题。

5. 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“More than 16,000 people died in the disaster and more than 470,000 were removed from their homes, says the Japanese Red Cross Society.”可知超过16,000人死于这场灾难。故B项正确。

6. 细节理解题。根据第六段中第一句“It started with an earthquake devastating in itself, then the tsunami, and then the radiation from the nuclear plant.”（地震本身就是毁灭性的，然后是海啸，然后是核电站的辐射。）可知地震、海啸和核辐射三场灾难合在一起了，故选D。

7. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句“But it also kept pressure on Japanese authorities to do more.” 可知灾难发生后，日本当局被迫采取更多措施，故选C。

8. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“There have also been complaints that reconstruction efforts in hard-hit northern Japanese communities have been too slow. This week,Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe said the government will respond.”（也有抱怨遭受重创的日本北部社区的重建工作已经太慢了。本周，日本首相安倍晋三说，政府将作出回应。）可推知日本政府可能采取措施促进重建。故选D。

二、七选五（每小题2分，共10分）

【答案】9-13 ADGFC

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。讲述的是在家里发生火灾时的应急措施。

9. 此空是一个小标题, 根据下文小标题, 可知应该用短小精悍的祈使句；再根据下文提示“一个逃生计划可以帮助每个家庭成员从着火的房子里出来。”由此推知, A项(知道你的逃生出路)切题。

10.根据下文提示“所以了解和记住走出家门的不同路线是很重要的。”可知, D项(火冒出来的烟会使人很难看清东西在哪里)切题。

11.根据上文提示“如果你能看到房子里有烟, 在你往出口走的时候, 离地面低一点。”可知, G项(在火灾中, 烟雾和有毒的空气比火焰更伤人。)切题。

12.根据下文提示“那样的话, 消防员将很难找到你。”可知, F项(即使你害怕, 也不要躲在床底下或壁橱里。)切题。

13. 上文提示“如果发生这种情况, 不要跑! 相反, 停下来, 躺倒在地, 用手捂住脸, 然后打滚。这将切断空气, 扑灭火焰。”可知, C项(记住这一点的一个简单方法是: 停止、倒下和打滚! )切题。

三、完形填空（每小题1.5分，共30分）

【答案】14-18 ACDBC    19-23 ABDAC    24-28 BBDAC    29-33 DBBCD

【解析】本文讲述了在一次地震中，一个父亲信守对儿子的承诺，不顾别人的反对，用双手刨开废墟，救出自己儿子的故事。

14. 考查动词辨析。A. left离开；B. stayed停留；C. reached到达；D. had有。句意：一位父亲把妻子安顿好后冲向了儿子所在的学校。leave sb. at home“让某人待在家里,把某人安顿在家里” 符合句意。故A选项切题。

15. 考查名词辨析。A. house房子；B. company公司；C. school学校；D. office办公室。句意：一位父亲把妻子安顿好然后冲向了儿子所在的学校。由第三段第一句中的“class”和第二句中的“the teaching building”可知,他的儿子在学校。故C选项切题。

16. 考查副词辨析。A. hardly几乎不；B. mainly主要地；C. surprisingly令人惊讶的；D. only唯一的。句意：结果发现整个建筑物都倒了。“only+动词不定式”表示意想不到的结果。符合句意。故D选项切题。

17. 考查名词辨析。A. belief相信；B. promise承诺；C. decision决心；D. advice建议。句意：看到眼前的场景，他想起给儿子的承诺。由最后段的“You promised no matter...”可知,此处应用promise“承诺”。故B选项切题。

18. 考查动词辨析。A. rise上升；B. cover覆盖；C. fill填充；D. suffer遭受。句意：眼泪开始流下来。这里指眼泪充满了眼眶。fill符合句意。故C选项切题。

19. 考查名词辨析。A. ruins废墟；B. disasters灾难；C. earth地球；D. bricks砖块。句意：当他看到曾经的学校变成了废墟，看起来是没有希望了，但他仍然记得他对于儿子的承诺。由第一段最后一句可知,教学楼已被夷为平地。所以,曾经的校园已经成为一片废墟。故A选项切题。

20. 考查形容词辨析。A. sad悲伤的；B. hopeless没有希望的；C. needless不必要的；D. useless无用的。句意：当他看到曾经的学校变成了废墟，看起来是没有希望了，但他仍然记得他对于儿子的承诺。因为校园已成为一片废墟，所以找到他儿子的机会渺茫。故B选项切题。

21. 考查介词辨析。A. at在…旁边；B. in在…里；C. to朝着；D. on在…上。句意：他集中注意力回想送孩子上课的地方。concentrate on“集中注意力于……”。本句中表示他集中注意力回想送孩子上课的地方。故D选项切题。

22. 考查动词辨析。A. walked陪……走”；B. let让；C. run跑；D. seen看。句意：他集中注意力回想送孩子上课的地方。walk sb. “陪某人走”，这里指送孩子上课。符合句意。故A选项切题。

23. 考查名词辨析。A. doorway门口；B. situation状况；C. classroom班级；D. entrance入口。句意：记得儿子的教室就在教学楼后面的右角处，所以他冲了过去，开始挖掘废墟。由下文的“he rushed there and started digging...”可知,此处应该是孩子的教室。故C选项切题。

24. 考查介词辨析。A. from来自；B. through通过；C. by经由；D. across穿过。句意：记得儿子的教室就在教学楼后面的右角处，所以他冲了过去，开始挖掘废墟。既然是要把儿子挖出来,他挖的洞应穿过废墟。介词through的含义为“(从内部)通过,穿过”。故B选项切题。

25. 考查形容词辨析。A. cold-hearted冷酷无情的；B. well-meaning善意的；C. good-looking好看的；D. hard-working努力的。句意：善意的人们试图把他从曾经是他儿子教室的地方拉开。别的家长见他这个样子,出于好心要把他拉开。故B选项切题。

26. 考查连接词辨析。 A. who谁；B. when什么时候；C. whose谁的；D. what什么。句意：善意的人们试图把他从曾经是他儿子教室的地方拉开。此处what=the place which。故D选项切题。

27. 考查动词短语辨析。A. showed up露面；B. showed off 炫耀；C. got up起床；D. got off下车。句意：消防队长出现在众人面前说，“大火肆虐，你们很危险”。由说话的内容可知，消防队长出现了。故A选项切题。

28. 考查名词辨析。A. frustration沮丧；B. difficulty困难；C. danger危险；D. fear害怕。句意：消防队长出现在众人面前说，“大火肆虐，你们很危险”。由上一句“Fires are breaking out.”可知,这位父亲处于危险之中。故C选项切题。

29. 考查连词辨析。A. and和；B. but但是：C. if如果；D. though尽管。句意：听到这话，这位美国父亲，尽管很累，还是礼貌地问，你能帮我吗？由这位父亲的问话“你能帮助我吗？”可知，他不想放弃,因此此处用though表示“尽管 ”。故D选项切题。

30. 考查副词辨析。A. lonely孤独的；B. alone独自地；C. together在一起；D. as well也。句意：他继续一个人挖。由下文“He dug for 8 hours…12 hours…24 hours…36 hours…”可知，只有他一个人在挖,所以此处用alone。故B选项切题。

31. 考查名词辨析。A. sound声音；B. voice嗓音；C. noise噪音；D. shout叫喊。句意：他听到了儿子的声音。由下文“And he heard his son shout back,“ Dad?!It’s me, Dad!”可知，他听到了儿子的声音。voice指人的嗓音。故B选项切题。

32. 考查形容词辨析。A. right正确的；B. dead死去的； C. alive活着的；D. injured受伤的。句意：我告诉他们，如果你还活着肯定会来救我们。由“You promised no matter what happened, you’d always be there for me!”可知，父亲答应过儿子，不管发生什么事，他永远都会在儿子身边。所以儿子告诉其他孩子，如果爸爸还活着肯定会来救他们的。故C选项切题。

33. 考查代词辨析。A. that那个；B. this这个；C. one某个人；D. it它。句意：你做到了，爸爸。此处用“it”指代这位父亲营救儿子、遵守了诺言这件事。故D选项切题。

四、单句语法填空（每小题2分，共24分）

34.【答案】that

【解析】本题定语从句的先行词是“many things”，由不定代词“many”修饰，关系词只能用“that”而不能用“which”。句意：我们可以在不同的领域做很多事情以减少艾滋病可能带来的威胁。故填that。

35.【答案】on

【解析】句意：父亲在我很小的时候就给我留下了深远影响，他教我如何成为一个好人。固定短语have a great effect on对... ...有很大影响。故填on。

36.【答案】whose

【解析】“real name”与“George Orwell”是所属关系，要用关系代词whose引导定语从句。

37.【答案】damaged

【解析】句意：他昨晚用棒球棒敲烂了一辆车。根据“last night”可知采用一般过去时，故填damaged。

38.【答案】supply; with

【解析】句意：我们能为你提供最优质的服务。supplysb. with sth.提供某人某物，故填supply;with。

39.【答案】calm

【解析】句意：不论发生什么，你都必须保持冷静。keep calm保持冷静，故填calm。

40.【答案】which

【解析】本题定语从句的先行词是“Those day”，但在关系代词前面出现介词时，只能用which而不能填that。故填which。

41.【答案】away

【解析】句意：这个男孩儿帮他妈妈扫除地上的灰尘。固定短语sweepaway，清扫。故填away。

42.【答案】rescued; from

【解析】句意：汤姆在回家的路上从河里救起一个男孩。根据句意可知，此处应采用一般过去时，陈述过去事实。rescue sb. from somewhere从... ...救出某人。故填recued; from。

43.【答案】to shelter

【解析】句意：我们必须找个地方避雨。“to shelter from the downpour”是该句的目的状语。表目的时，常采用“动词不定式”的形式，故填to shelter。

44.【答案】was trapped

【解析】句意：他被套出说他喜欢那个女孩。“He”与“trap”是被动关系，且从“he liked the girl”可以看出，应采用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was trapped。

45.【答案】that

【解析】在定语从句中，先行词有人又有物，关系词只能用that。故填that。

五、读后续写（共20分）

Earthquakes happen when two moving plates jump and push against each other. Thus, in areas, like California, China and Japan, where different plates meet, earthquakes happen a lot. To protect our cities from this deadly power, we’d better build houses in the regions with few earthquakes or on more solid bases if necessary, making them strong enough to survive earthquakes.