高考英语【一轮复习】高考英语一轮复习语法专题（三） 名词性从句学案

这是一份高考英语【一轮复习】高考英语一轮复习语法专题（三） 名词性从句学案，共16页。学案主要包含了主语从句，注意点1，注意点2，注意点3，注意点4，宾语从句的种类，小试牛刀，完成例句等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Nun Clauses (名词性从句）
定义：在复合句中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词，根据它在句中不同的语法功能，可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
请你找出以下名词性从句并说出它们的成分：
(1) Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. （主语从句）

(2) The fact is that I earned my passage by wrking as an unpaid hand. （表语从句）

(3) I didn’t knw whether I culd survive until mrning. （宾语从句）

(4) The thught that they culd crss the whle cntinent was exciting.（同位语从句）
名词性从句的常用连接词
连接词 ：that（无意义）、 if，whether（是否） 、as if/thugh（好像、似乎）、because（因为）等 (不作成分）
连接代词 ：wh、 whm 、 whever 、 whse、 what、 whatever 、which、whichever （作主/宾/表/定）
3. 连接副词： when、 where、why、hw （作状语）

主语从句
引导主语从句的连接词有三类：
(1) 连词that，whether：
Whether we g by train r by bat makes n difference.
我们坐火车或者坐船去没有差异。
Whether he’ll cme here isn’t clear.
他是否来这儿还不清楚。
That price will g up is certain.
价格将上涨是肯定的。
(2) 连接代词wh, whm, whse, what, which, whever, whatever, whichever等
What she did is nt yet knwn.
她干了什么尚不清楚。
Wh will attend the meeting has nt been decided yet.
谁去参加会议还没有确定。
Whatever he did is right.
他所做的一切都是对的。
(3) 连接副词 where, when, hw, why等。
Hw this happened is nt clear t anyne.
谁也不清楚这事是怎样发生的。
When he will be back depends n the weather.
他什么时候回来取决于天气。
Hw the pyramids were built is still a mystery.
金字塔是怎样建成的仍然是个谜。
主语从句后置
为了避免主语冗长，句子头重脚轻，经常用it作形式主语，主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。
例:
That we shall be late is certain.
— It’s certain that we shall be late.
That the earth is rund is knwn t all.
— It’s knwn t all that the earth is rund.
That yu missed the chance is a pity.
— It is a pity that yu missed the chance.

3. 用it 作形式主语的常用结构
① It is＋名词 (n wnder, an hnur, a gd thing, a pity, n surprise…)＋从句
It is a fact that…事实是……
It is an hnr that…非常荣幸
It is cmmn knwledge that………是常识
② It is+形容词(natural ,bvius, strange, pssible, likely, prbable…)＋从句
It is natural that…很自然……
It is strange that…奇怪的是……
③ It ＋ 不及物动词 ＋ 从句
It seems that…似乎……
It happened that…碰巧……
It appears that…似乎……
④ It is＋ 过去分词 ＋ 从句
It is reprted that…据报道……
It has been prved that…已证实……
It is said that…据说…
主语从句需注意的问题
1.“if” 不能引导主语从句，应用“whether”引导。
2. 主语从句中用陈述语序。
3. 主语从句的 “that” 一般不能省。
4. “what”引导主语从句时，谓语动词：
1）常与其后的名词作表语一致；
2）根据句子的语境而定。
What yu left are nly several ld bks.
你留下的只是几本旧书。
What yu said is f great imprtance.
你说的话很重要。
Whether he’ll cme here is nt clear.
他是否来这儿尚不清楚。
语法精讲
【主语从句】
一个句子在另一个句子中充当主语，即句子充当主语，该句子称为主语从句。
根据句意选词填空(that, if, whether, why, when, what)
That he will succeed is certain.
他最终肯定会成功。
【结论】 that－从句，从句为一个句意完整的陈述句，没有具体意义，不充当句子成分，只起标志性作用，但that 不能省略。
Whether he will g there is nt knwn.
他去不去那还不知道。
【结论】 whether －从句，从句来源于一般疑问句，whether不能省略，意为“是否”，不能用if替换。
What he said is nt true.
他所说的不正确。
When the meeting will be held has nt been decided.
会议什么时候举行还没确定。
【结论】特殊疑问词——从句，从句来源于特殊疑问句，特殊疑问词不能省略，意思为特殊疑问词本来的意思，在从句中充当句子成分。
【注意点1】That 2018 Asian Games are successful is knwn t all.
2018亚运会的成功是众所周知的。
【剖析】主语从句作主语相当于第三人称单数作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。
1.When they will start has (have) nt been decided yet.
他们什么时候动身还没有确定。
2.When they will start and where they g have(have) nt been decided yet.
他们什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没有确定。
When and where the meeting will begin has (have) nt been decided yet.
会议什么时候开始以及在哪里开还没有确定。
【注意点2】
It is a pity that yu didn't g t see the film.
你没去看那个电影真是遗憾。
It desn't interest me whether yu succeed r nt.
你是否成功对我来说兴趣不大。

【剖析】主语从句通常由it充当形式主语，而本身放在句子末尾。
It is a pity that yu didn't g t see the film. （主语从句）
It is at dawn that the murder tk place. （强调句）
【结论】
主语从句与强调句型的区别：
1．主语从句中的it可以用that从句代替，强调句型不可以。
如： It is a pity that yu didn't g t see the film.
=That yu didn’t g t see the film is a pity.
强调句型中It is/was和that之间的部分叫被强调部分, 当把It is/was和that去掉时，被强调部分可以还原到句子适当位置;而在含有主语从句的句子中It is/was和that之间的部分 叫表语，不可置于其他位置。
趁热打铁
1.___ is a fact that English is being accepted as an internatinal language.
A. There B. This C. That D. It
2. It was____ that he was brn.
A. 1993 B. a rich family C. Shiquan D. in Shiquan
【注意点3】主语从句不可位于句首的几种情况：
1. It is said / reprted…结构中的主语从句不可提前。
2. It happens / ccurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。
3. It desn’t matter hw / whether…结构中的主语从句不可提前。
【剖析】
It is said that Chairman Xi will visit ur schl next week. (√ )
That Chairman Xi will visit ur schl next week is said. ( × )
It desn’t matter whether he is wrng r nt. (√ )
Whether he is wrng r nt desn’t matter. ( × )
It ccured t him that failed in the examinatin. (√ )
That he failed in the examinatin ccured t him. ( × )
【注意点4】what与that在引导主语从句时的区别：
what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而that不充当任何成分。
例如：
a) What yu said yesterday is right.
b) That she is still alive is a cmfrt.
单项选择
1.___ he made an imprtant speech at the meeting was true.
A. That B. Why C. What D. Hw
2. ___we’ll g camping tmrrw depends n the weather .
A .If B. Whether C .That D.Where
3.___ is knwn t us all is that America is a develped cuntry ____ the First Wrld.
A. Which; belng t B. As, belnged t
C. What; belnging t D. It; belnging t
4. It’s knwn t us all ___ a frm f energy .
A. water is B. that water is
C. is water D. that water t
5. It wrried her a bit ___ her hair was turning gray.
A. whether B. that C. what D. when
6.What I say and think ___ nne f yur business.
A. is B. are C. has D have
【宾语从句的种类】
及物动词(think, believe, knw, hpe…)＋宾语从句
介词(n, in, f, with…)＋宾语从句
表示感情色彩的形容词(sad, happy, afraid, pleased, excited, certain, sure…) ＋宾语从句
【小试牛刀】
Jin the fllwing int Object Clauses and pay attentin t the tense and rder in the clauses.
1.They are gd students. He tld us.
2.Are yu frm China? He asks me.
3.When did he buy the new bike?
Can yu tell me?
4.The sun is bigger than the earth.
Our teacher tld us.
What was it that made his mther angry? N ne knws.
【答案】
1. He tld us that they were gd students.
2. He asks me whether yu are frm China.
3. Can yu tell me when he bught the new bike?
4. Our teacher tld us that the sun is bigger than the earth.
5. N ne knws what it was that made his mther angry.
注意
Whether和if表“是否”都可以引导宾语从句
当whether后紧跟r/r nt时，不用if。
I dn’t knw whether I will stay r nt.
我不知道我是否会留下来。
(2)介词后面的宾语从句不能用if。
I wrry abut whether I hurt her feeling.
我担心是否伤害了她的感情。
（3）discuss后不用if。
They discussed whether they shuld clse the shp.
他们讨论了是否应该关掉商店。
(4) whether t d
I dn't knw whether t g t the party.
我不知道是否应该去参加晚会。
2.that在宾语从句中的省略与保留
(1)在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语) 的句型中不省略。
We must make it clear that we mean what we say.
我们必须弄清楚我们说的是真的。
(2)由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第二个that 不省略。
He tld me（ that）he wuld cme and that he wuld cme n time.
他告诉我他会来并且会准时到。
宾语从句的难点突破
The leaders f the battle rdered ____all f us___the wrk n time.
A. if; finished B. that; finish
C. whether; finished D. what; finished
注意一：
Insist；rder，cmmand；advise，suggest，prpse；require，request，ask，demand (一坚持，二命令，三建议，四要求）

I just wnder _____ that makes him s excited.
A. why it des B. what is it
C. Hw it is D. what it is
注意二：
宾语从句中的强调句结构
The shpkeeper did nt want t sell it fr _____ he thught was nt enugh. A.where B. hw C. what D. which
注意三：
宾语从句中插入语现象
Yu can hardly imagine _____when he heard the news .
A. hw he was excited
B. hw was he excited
C. hw excited he was
D. he was hw excited
注意四：
宾语从句中的感叹句
5.This kind f plant grws best in ____we think is warm and rainy.
A. what B. which C. that D. where
注意五：
what 在宾语从句中的活译, 可译为“……的事情，……的东西，……的样子, ……的地方”等。
6.It’s a questin f _____wuld take the psitin.
A. wh B. whm C. why D. what
注意六：
介词后的宾语从句中句子成分的分析。
二、宾语从句
在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句是宾语从句，通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词)、介词或形容词之后。
【完成例句】
根据句意选词填空(that, if, whether, where, what，wh)
1. I heard that he jined the army.
2. She did nt knw what had happened.
3. I wnder whether/ if yu can change this nte fr me.
4. I’m very glad that he has passed the exam.
5. —Culd yu tell me where he lives?
—Shanghai.
【结论】
① 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略)，that在从句中不充当任何成分。
② 由what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。
③ whether (if)引导的宾语从句，在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，意为“是否”。
【注意点1】
We heard it that she wuld get married next mnth.
我们听说她下个月要结婚了。

【剖析1】it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾
语，而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾(特别是
在带复合宾语的句子中)，that 不能省略。
【注意点2】我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。
I dn't think (dn’t think/think )this dress fits (desn’t fit/fits) yu well.
【剖析2】 否定的转移：若主句谓语动词为think, cnsider, suppse, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。
【注意点3】The teacher tld us that the earth ges(g) rund the sun.
【剖析3】若宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理时，即使主句是过去时态，从句也用一般现在时。
三、表语从句
在复合句中作表语的名词性从句为表语从句，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。
根据句意填空:
1.The questin is whether we can make gd preparatin in such a shrt time.
2. This is why we can't get the supprt f the peple.
3. But the fact remains that we are behind the ther classes.
4. The reasn why he is late fr schl is that he missed the early bus.
【结论】
①完整陈述句充当表语时用that引导，且不可省略；
②表“是否”含义时用whether；
③语义不完整时根据情况选用对应的特殊疑问词，如 what，when，where，why等；
④特殊句型：The reasn… is that….That is because…(指原因或理由）、That is why…（指由于各种原因所造成的后果）等结构。
1.He was busy yesterday. That’s why he didn’t turn up the party.
2. He didn’t turn up the party yesterday. That’s because he was busy.
四、同位语从句
在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句为同位语从句。
根据句意填空
1. The king's decisin that the prisner wuld be set free surprised all the peple.
2. The rder that all the sldiers shuld stay still is given by the general.
【结论】同位语从句对名词作进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，可以接同位语从句的名词主要有: fact, infrmatin, prblem, decisin, suggestin, prpsal, rder等。
【注意点1】同位语在句子中的位置
He gt the news frm Mary that the sprts meeting was put ff.
【剖析1】同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。

【注意点2】同位语从句与定语从句的区别
1. The news that he tld me is that Tm wuld g abrad next year. （定语从句）
他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。
2.The news that Tm wuld g abrad is tld by him. （同位语从句）
汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。
【剖析2】
定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时可以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语)，而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。
定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述名词的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词的具体内容进行补充说明。
有些引导词如hw, whether, what可以引导同位语从句，但不能引导定语从句。
考点1：连接词： that 与 what 的区别
What he said makes me happy. 他说的话让我很开心。
That a new teacher will cme t teach us math is true . 新来的老师将来教我们数学，这是真的。
what 含义上相当于汉语的“所”字结构或“的”字结构，既起连接作用, 又在从句中作主语、宾语、表语 (且在名词性从句中只有what可作表语）that只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不充当任何成分, 且在宾语从句中有时可省略。

【结论】
名词性从句中引导词that是否省略的情况如下：
1．that引导主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句时,不可以省略；
2. that引导单个宾语从句时，可以省略；
3. that引导两个或两个以上宾语从句时，第一个that 可以省略,但后面的宾语从句引导词that不可省略；
4. that虽然引导单个宾语从句，但从句前面有插入语时，引导词that不能省略。
5. it 作形式宾语的宾语从句中，引导词that不能省略。
【趁热打铁】
Fill in the blanks using that / what
What he wants is a bk.
China is n lnger what it used t be.
3) That he said s made us angry .
4) A mdern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ag.
5) I dn’t think it necessary that yu shuld read English ludly.

考点2:what (什么) / which ( 表选择, 哪一个)
what 无范围；which有范围
1. —— D yu knw what Mr Black’s address is ?
——He may live at N. 18 r N. 19 f Bridge Street. I’m nt sure f which.
2. I read abut it in sme bk r ther, des it matter which it was?
考点3: 区别if 与whether
1. I dn’t knw whether/if I’ll be free tmrrw.
2. I dn’t knw whether r nt I’ll be free tmrrw.
3. The questin is whether this bk is wrth writing.
4. It depends n whether we will have enugh mney.
5.Whether they can d it matters little t us.
6.If yu are nt free tmrrw, I’ll g withut yu.
【结论】
在名词性从句中whether 和if 含义均为“是否”，但用法有区别，主要区别如下：
1．主语从句只能用whether引导；
2．表语从句只能用whether引导；
3．同位语从句只能用whether引导；
4．位于句首引导主语从句只能用whether；
5．作介词的宾语只能用whether引导；
6．和r nt连在一起时只能用whether引导；
7. 一般情况下，宾语从句既可用whether也可用if引导；
考点4：whatever,whever,hwever等考点
【趁热打铁】
1.It is very hard fr Mary t wrk there, fr ___she des can’t satisfy her bss.
A. n matter what B. whatever
C. which D. whichever
2.The bk can be f help t____wants t d the jb.
A. Wh B. whmever
C. n matter wh D. whever
考点5：名词性从句中的虚拟语气
He gave me a suggestin that I (shuld) be (be) calm nw.
2. It is rdered that the wrk (shuld) be dne ( d ) at nce.
3. We suggested that the meeting (shuld) be put ff (put ff).
4. It is necessary that yu (shuld) clean (clean ) the rm after wrk.
5. It is high time that yu shuld g/went (g) t schl.
【结论】
表示坚持，建议，命令，要求的从句。结构为 (shuld) + d。
1. It is imprtant/necessary/natural/strange that...+ (shuld) d
2. It is time that ... shuld d \ did (该结构中的shuld一般不省略)