广东省四校2022届高三上学期开学联考英语试题+Word版含答案

这是一份广东省四校2022届高三上学期开学联考英语试题+Word版含答案，共11页。试卷主要包含了 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁等内容，欢迎下载使用。


本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，共 10 页，满分 120 分，考试用时 120 分钟。
注意事项：
1． 答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的校名、姓名、考号、座位号等相关信息填写在答题卡指定区域内。
2． 选择题每小题选出答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案；不能答在试卷上。
3． 非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4． 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分 50 分）
第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
4 Ppular Places t G This Winter
Harbin, China
China Harbin’s winter is fr the brave nes—the average temperature is 1.8°F—
but thse wh brave the cld will be rewarded with experiencing ne f the wrld’s
largest winter festivals. 2021 marks the 37th Harbin Internatinal Ice and Snw
Sculpture Festival (January-March), when massive frzen structures rise and are lit up, transfrming the city int a winter wnderland.
Lyn, France
Paris may be called The City f Light, but every December, light takes center stage in Lyn, France’s third-largest city. That’s when the annual Festival f Lights (arund December 8) takes ver, with light installatins (装置) that transfrm the city’s streetscapes int mdern wrks f art. The city is als hme t tw Christmas markets (ne in La Crix-Russe; the ther at the Place Carnt; thrugh December 25).
Lima, Peru
Peru’s capital Lima is hme t the wrld’s highest number f cking schls per persn. Aside frm its delicate dining, the city als has great ccktail bars where yu can taste classic r cntemprary takes n the Pisc Sur. Cmbine that with the
ceanfrnt setting and temperatures in the 80s, and yu’ll understand why Lima shuld n lnger be ignred this winter.
Vermnt, US
Winter in Vermnt means skiing and snwbarding. Many resrts (度假胜地) have greatly upgraded their snwmaking abilities as part f a $15 millin statewide prgram that replaced many utdated snw guns with new, lw-energy mdels. These new machines will als imprve the quality f snw surfaces and lengthen the seasn, meaning this will be ne f the best winters fr skiing and riding in Vermnt in recent memry.
21. What similarities d the first tw places have?
A. They are decrated with lights.
B. They ffer snw sculptures.
C. They have three-day festivals.
D. They are extremely cld.
22. Which prvides a gd chance t buy a Christmas gift?
A. Harbin.
B. Lyn.
C. Lima.
D. Vermnt.
23. What’s new t the resrts in Vermnt?
A. Skiing and snwbarding.
B. A lnger winter.
C. Cking schls.
D. Updated equipment
B
I’ve wrked in the factries surrunding my hmetwn every summer since I
graduated frm high schl, but making the transitin (转变) between schl and full time blue-cllar wrk during the break never gets any easier. Fr a student like me wh cnsiders any class befre nn t be uncivilized, getting t a factry by 6 ’clck each mrning is trture. My friends never seem t understand why I’m s relieved t be back at schl r that my summer vacatin has been anything but a vacatin.
There’re few peple as self-cnfident as a cllege student wh has never been ut in the real wrld. Peple my age always seem t verestimate the value f their time and knwledge. In fact, all the classes did nt prepare me fr my battles with the
machine I ran in the plant, which wuld jam whenever I absent-mindedly put in a part
backward r upside dwn.
The mst stressful thing abut blue-cllar life is knwing yur jb culd disappear vernight. Issues like dwnsizing (裁员) and verseas relcatin had always seemed distant t me until my c-wrkers tld me that the unit I was wrking in wuld shut dwn within six mnths and mve t Mexic, where peple wuld wrk fr 60 cents an hur.
After wrking 12-hur shifts in a factry, the ther ptins have becme nly t
clear. When I’m back at the university, skipping classes and turning in lazy re-writes
seems t irrespnsible after seeing what I wuld be ding withut schl. All the
advice and public-service annuncements abut the value f an educatin that used t
sund stale nw ring true.
These lessns I’m learning, hwever valuable, are always tinged (带有) with sense f guilt. Many peple pass their lives in the places where I briefly wrk, spending 30 years where I spend nly tw mnths at a time. “This jb pays well, but it’s hell n the bdy,” said ne c-wrker. “Study hard and keep reading,” she added.
My experiences in the factries have inspired me t make the mst f my cllege
years befre I enter the real wrld fr gd.
24. Hw did the authr lk back n his summer days while at cllege?
A. They brught him nthing but trture.
B. They were n hliday fr him at all.
C. They were a relief frm his hard wrk at schl.
D. They ffered him a chance t knw mre peple.
25. What des the authr say abut cllege students?
A. They expect t much frm the real wrld.
B. They have little interest in blue-cllar life.
C. They think t highly f themselves.
D. They are cnfident f their future.
26. What, accrding t the authr, is mst frustrating fr blue-cllar wrkers?
A. They d nt have jb security.
B. They d nt get decent pay.
C. They have t wrk 12-hur shifts.
D. They have t mve frm place t place.
27. In what imprtant way has the authr’s wrk experience changed him?
A. He learned t be mre practical.
B. He acquired a sense f urgency.
C. He came t respect blue-cllar wrkers.
D. He came t appreciate his cllege educatin.
C
President Clidge’s statement, “The business f America is business,” still
pints t an imprtant truth tday—that business institutins have mre prestige(威望) in American sciety than any ther kind f rganizatin, including the gvernment.
Why d business institutins pssess this great prestige?
One reasn is that Americans view business as being mre firmly based n the
ideal f cmpetitin than ther institutins in sciety. Since cmpetitin is seen as the
majr surce f prgress and prsperity by mst Americans, cmpetitive business
institutins are respected. Cmpetitin is nt nly gd in itself, it is the means by
which ther basic American values such as individual freedm, equality f pprtunity, and hard wrk are prtected.
Cmpetitin prtects the freedm f the individual by ensuring that there is n
mnply( 垄 断 ) f pwer. In cntrast t ne all-pwerful gvernment, many
businesses cmpete against each ther fr prfits. Theretically, if ne business tries t take unfair advantage f its custmers, it will lse t cmpeting business which treats its custmers mre fairly. Where many businesses cmpete fr the custmers’ dllars, they cannt affrd t treat them like inferirs r slaves.
A cntrast is ften made between business, which is cmpetitive, and gvernment, which is a mnply. Because business is cmpetitive, many Americans believe that it is mre supprtive f freedm than gvernment, even thugh gvernment leaders are elected by the peple and business leaders are nt. Many Americans believe, then, that cmpetitin is as imprtant, r even mre imprtant, than demcracy(民主) in preserving freedm.
Cmpetitin in business is als believed t strengthen the ideal f equality f
pprtunity. Cmpetitin is seen as an pen and fair race where success ges t the
swiftest persn regardless f his r her scial class backgrund. Cmpetitive success is cmmnly seen as the American alternative t scial rank based n family backgrund. Business is therefre viewed as an expressin f the idea f equality f pprtunity rather than the aristcratic(贵族的) idea f inherited privilege.
28. The statement “The business f America is business” prbably means ________.
A. America is a great pwer in wrld business
B. Business is f primary cncern t Americans
C. The business institutins in America are cncerned with cmmerce
D. Business prblems are f great imprtance t the American gvernment
29. Americans believe that they can realize their persnal values nly _______.
A. by prtecting their individual freedm
B. when given equality f pprtunity
C. by way f cmpetitin
D. thrugh ding business
30. Wh can benefit frm business cmpetitin?
A. Peple with ideals f equality and freedm.
B. Bth business institutins and gvernment.
C. Hnest businessmen.
D. Bth businessmen and their custmers.
31. It can be inferred frm the passage that the authr believes ___________.
A. in many cuntries success ften depends n ne’s scial status
B. businesses in ther cuntries are nt as cmpetitive as thse in America
C. American businesses are mre demcratic than thse in ther cuntries
D. Americans are mre ambitius than peple in ther cuntries
D
Peple have wndered fr a lng time hw their persnalities and behavirs are
frmed. It’s nt easy t explain why ne persn is intelligent and anther is nt, r why ne is cperative and anther is cmpetitive.
Scial scientists are, f curse, extremely interested in these types f questins.
They want t explain why we pssess certain characteristics and exhibit certain
behavirs. There are n clear answers yet, but tw distinct schls f thught n the
matter have develped. As ne might expect the tw appraches are very different frm ne anther, and there is a great deal f debate between prpnents f each thery. The cntrversy is ften cnveniently referred t as “nature/nurture”.
Thse wh supprt the “nature” side f the cnflict believe that ur persnalities
and behavir patterns are largely determined by bilgical and genetic factrs. That ur envirnment has little, if anything, t d with ur abilities, characteristics, and behavir is central t this thery. Taken t an extreme, this thery maintains that ur behavir is predetermined t such a great degree that we are almst cmpletely gverned by ur instincts.
Prpnents f the “nurture” thery, r, as they are ften called behavirists, claim that ur envirnment is mre imprtant than ur bilgically based instincts in
determining hw we will act. Behavirists see humans as being whse behavir is
almst cmpletely shaped by their surrundings. Their view f the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that like machines, humans respnd t envirnmental stimuli as the basis f their behavir.
The scial and plitical implicatins f these tw theries are prfund. In the
United States, fr example, blacks ften scre belw whites n standardized
intelligence test. This leads sme “nature” prpnents t cnclude that blacks are
genetically inferir t whites. Behavirists, in cntrast, say that the differences in scres are due t the fact that blacks are ften deprived f many f the educatinal and ther envirnmental advantages that white enjy, and that, as a result, they d nt develp the same respnses that whites d.
Neither f these theries can yet fully explain human behavir. In fact, it is quite
likely that the key t ur behavir lies smewhere between these tw extremes. That
the cntrversy will cntinue fr a lng time is certain.
32. The authr is mainly cncerned abut slving the prblem__________________.
A. why ne’s behavirs differ frm thers’
B. what makes different stages f intelligence
C. hw scial scientists frm different theries
D. what causes the “nature/nurture” cntrversy
33. The wrd “prpnents” can best be replaced by ________________.
A. appraches B. advcates C. principles D. characters
34. What can we learn abut the behavirists?
A. They believe human beings are mechanical.
B. They cmpare ur behavirs t the machines.
C. They suggest that we react t the envirnment as the machines d.
D. They uphld that the mechanistic thery can be applied n us as well.
35. The “nature” therists believe that the blacks’ lw scres____________.
A. are the result f the educatinal disadvantages
B. have nthing t d with their true intelligence
C. are an indicatin f the blacks’ pr intelligence
D. have nthing t d with factrs ther than instincts
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分, 满分 12.5 分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中
有两项为多余选项。
In the mvies and n televisin, artificial intelligence is typically related t
autmatin and the lss f jbs, but a recent survey fund that cmpanies currently use AI mre ften in cmputer-t-cmputer activities than in autmating r replacing
human activities. Here are a few ther ways AI is aiding cmpanies withut replacing
emplyees.
Better hiring practices
Cmpanies are using AI t remve sme uncnscius bias(偏见) frm hiring
decisins. There are experiments that shw that the results f interviews are much mre biased than what AI des. 36 One cmpany called Blendr uses AI t help identify where there may be bias in the hiring prcess.
Mre effective marketing
Sme AI sftware can analyze and ptimize(优化) marketing email subject lines
t increase pen rates. One cmpany in the UK, Phrasee, claims their sftware can
utperfrm humans by up t 10 percent in terms f email pen rates. This can mean
millins mre in taxatin. 37 These are tls that help peple use data.
Saving custmers mney
Energy cmpanies can use AI t help custmers reduce their electricity bills.
Cmpanies can als ptimize their wn energy use and cut dwn n the cst f
electricity. Insurance cmpanies, meanwhile, can base their insurance fees n AI
mdels that spt risks mre accurately. 38 Or they wuld charge t little and
then it wuld cst the cmpany mney.
Imprved accuracy
Machine learning ften prvides a mre reliable frm f statistics which makes
data mre valuable. It helps peple make smarter decisins.” 39 This prcess,
alng with emplyees reviewing the cntracts(合同), is faster and mre accurate.
Prtecting and maintaining infrastructure(基础设施)
A number f cmpanies, particularly in energy and transprtatin, use Al image
prcessing technlgy t inspect infrastructure and prevent equipment failure befre
they happen.” If they fail first and then yu fix them, it’s very expensive,”
says Dmings. 40
A. AI replaces the bring parts f yur jb. If yu’re ding research, yu can have
AI g ut and lk fr relevant surces and infrmatin.
B. One accunting firm, EY, uses an AI system that helps review cntracts.
C. There are als cmpanies like Acquist, which analyzes advertising perfrmance
and makes adjustments r suggestins abut where advertising funds will lead t
best results.
D. Yu want t predict if smething needs attentin nw and pint t where it’s
useful fr emplyees t g t.
E. Befre, they might nt ensure the nes wh felt like a high risk r charge them
t much.
F. We’re als giving ur custmers better channels versus picking up the phne t
accmplish smething beynd human scale.
G. AI lks at resumes in greater numbers than humans wuld be able t, and selects
the mre prmising applicants.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 30 分）
第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
“Life is precius. ... T a persn nthing is mre precius than their life, and if they entrust me with that life, hw culd I refuse that 41 , saying I’m cld, hungry, r tired?” These wrds f Dr Lin Qiazhi give us a lk int the heart f this 42 wman, and what carried her thrugh a life f hard 43 .
As a five-year-ld girl, Lin Qiazhi was deeply 44 by her mther’s death.
At age 18, 45 fllwing the traditinal path f marriage like the majrity f girls,
she chse t study medicine. “Why shuld girls learn s much? Finding a gd husband shuld be their final gal!” her brther 46 , thinking f the high tuitin fees.
Eight years later, Lin graduated frm Peking Unin Medical Cllege with the
highest prize. She 47 became the first wman ever t be hired as a resident
physician in the PUMC Hspital. After wrking fr a few years, she was sent t study
in Eurpe and then, in the US. She greatly 48 her American clleagues, wh
invited her t stay. Dr Lin, hwever, 49 the ffer. She wanted t serve the wmen and children 50 .
The new Peple’s Republic f China 51 Dr Lin Qiazhi playing a key rle.
She was elected t be the first Natinal Peple’s Cngress and held many imprtant
52 . Her heart, hwever, was 53 . She was mre interested in tending patients, publishing medical research and training dctrs.
Thugh Lin Qiazhi never married, she was knwn as the “mther f ten thusand babies,” having delivered ver 50.000 babies in her lifetime. Dr Lin did nt retire until the day she 54 , 22 April 1983. Even as she lay dying, her 55 thughts were fr thers.
41. A. belief B. trust C. feeling D. virtue
42. A. ld B. prfessinalC. amazing D. single
43. A. chices B. times C. facts D. businesses
44. A. encuraged B. tuched C. disturbed D. affected
45. A. regardless f B. instead f C. ahead f D. in spite f
46. A. dubted B. wnderedC. cmplained D. insisted
47. A. immediately B. surprisingly C. eventually D. suddenly
48. A. envied B. shcked C. appreciated D. impressed
49. A. disliked B. rejected C. withdrew D. made
50. A. in need B. at schl C. in hspital D. at hme
51. A. prevented B. had C. saw D. caught
52. A. psitins B. activities C. meetings D. recrds
53. A. nwhere B. anywhere C. everywhere D. elsewhere
54. A. passed away B. passed by C. passed ut D. passed ff
55. A. real B. final C. psitive D. anxius
第二节 （共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Were yu the first r the last child in yur family? Or were yu a middle r an
nly child? Sme peple think 56 matters where yu were brn in yur family.
But there are different ideas abut 57 birth rder means. Sme peple say that
the ldest children, 58 are smart and strng-willed, are very likely 59
(succeed). The reasn 60 this is simple. Parents have a lt f time fr the first
child and give him r her a lt f attentin. An nly child will succeed fr 61
same reasn. What happens t the ther children in the family? 62 (lse) in the
crwd smetimes, middle children dn’t get s much attentin when a family has many children, s they dn’t feel that imprtant. The yungest child, hwever, ften gets special 63 (treat). Often this child grws up t be funny. But a recent study saw things quite 64 (difference). The study fund that first children believed in family rules. They didn’t take many chances in their lives. They usually 65 (fllw) rders. Rules didn’t mean as much t later children in the family. They tk chances and they ften did better in life.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分 40 分）
第一节（满分 15 分）
假定你是李华。北京时间 2021 年 6 月 17 日 9 时 22 分，神舟十二号载人飞船成功发射，请你写一封邮件向同为航天爱好者的英国笔友 Mike 分享这个消息，内容包括：
1. 神舟十二号载人飞船的历史意义（空间站建造阶段的首次载人飞行任务、
三名航天员将完成为期三个月的天和核心舱驻留等）；
2. 你的感想。
参考词汇：神舟十二号飞船 Shenzhu XII spacecraft；
空间站建设阶段 space statin cnstructin phase；
天和核心舱 Tianhe cre mdule
注意：
1．写作词数应为 80 左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Mike,
Lking frward t yur reply.
Yurs,
Li Hua
第二节（满分 25 分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整
的短文。
Tw men, bth seriusly ill, ccupied the same hspital rm. One man called
Ben was allwed t sit up in his bed fr an hur each afternn t help drain the fluid
frm his lungs. His bed was next t the rm’s nly windw. The ther man, Le, had
t spend all his time flat n his back.
The men talked fr hurs n end. They spke f their wives and families, their
hmes, their jbs, their invlvement in the military service, where they had been n
vacatin.
And every afternn when Ben sat up, he wuld pass the time by describing t his rmmate all the things he culd see utside the windw. Le began t live fr thse ne-hur perids where his wrld wuld be bradened and lightened by all the activity and clr f the wrld utside.
The windw verlked a park with a lvely lake. Ducks and swans played n the water while children sailed their mdel bats. Yung lvers walked arm in arm amidst flwers f every clr f the rainbw. Grand ld trees graced the landscape, and a fine view f the city skyline culd be seen in the distance. As Ben described all this in exquisite detail, Le wuld clse his eyes and imagine the picturesque scene.
One warm afternn Ben sat up with his elbws and described a parade(巡游)
passing by. Althugh Le culdn’t hear the band – he culd see it in his mind’s eye as
the gentleman by the windw prtrayed it with descriptive wrds. Each time the nurse
saw the warm and tuching scene, she was always struck by devted friendship between these tw men. Days and weeks passed.
注意：
1．续写词数应为 150 左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
One mrning, the nurse arrived t check the tw men, nly t find the lifeless
bdy f Ben.
Hwever, he culd see nthing but a blank wall f anther building.
英语参考答案
一、阅读理解 (共两节，满分 50 分)
第一节（共 20 题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分）
21–23 ABD 24–27 BCAD 28–31 BCDA 32–35 ABCD
第二节 (共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分)
36–40 GCEBD
二、语言运用（共两节，满分 30 分）
第一节：完形填空 (共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分)
41-45 BCADB 46-50 CADBD 51-55 CADAB
第二节：语法填空 (共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分)
56. it57. what 58. wh 59. t succeed 60. fr
61. the 62. Lst 63. treatment 64. differently 65. fllwed
三、写作（共两节，满分 40 分）
第一节：应用文写作(共 15 分)
Dear Mike,
As a space enthusiast like yu, I really can’t wait t share with yu a piece f stirring news
that China’s Shenzhu XII spacecraft was launched int space successfully at 9:22 am., June 17,
2021 Beijing time.
The successful launch f Shenzhu XII spacecraft is withut dubt f great histric
significance. Nt nly des it mark the first manned spaceflight during China’s space statin
cnstructin phase, carrying three astrnauts t Tianhe cre mdule, where they are t cmplete a
three-mnth missin, but it als plays a critical rle in testing the technlgies and equipment fr
the cnstructin f the space statin.
It is this grundbreaking achievement that makes me realize that China is always undertaking
its respnsibility in fulfilling the glbal dream f explring the space, which is what I am prud f. And I’m eagerly expecting mre gd news abut the Shenzhu XII prgram.
Lking frward t yur reply.
Yurs,
Li Hua
第二节：读后续写 (共 25 分)
One pssible versin:
One mrning, the nurse arrived t check the tw men, nly t find the lifeless bdy f
Ben. After his death, the ward was filled with dead silence. Lying in the bed, Le culdn’t help
staring at the nly windw, tears puring dwn his cheeks. Dying t see the view described by Ben, Le asked if he culd be mved next t the windw. The nurse was happy t make the switch, and after making sure he was cmfrtable she left him alne. Slwly, painfully, he prpped himself up n ne elbw and strained t turn t take his first lk at the wrld thrugh the windw.
Hwever, he culd see nthing but a blank wall f anther building. Stunned and paralyzed, Le culdn’t believe what he thught was a picturesque scene turned ut t be just a blank wall.
After all, Ben’s descriptins f the utside wrld were s cnvincing and vivid. When he asked the nurse what culd have cmpelled his deceased rmmate wh had described such wnderful things utside this windw, the nurse respnded that the man was blind and culd nt even see the wall. She said, “Perhaps he just wanted t encurage yu.” It was Ben’s devted lve t his dear friend that pictured an everlasting rainbw in Le’s wrld.