高中英语Unit 4 Space Exploration课时训练

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课时素养评价
十一 Unit 4 Discvering Useful Structures
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. There are many kinds f recreatinal facilities(facility) in ur schl.
2. They had sufficient(sufficiency) fd t sustain life.
3. While sleeping, astrnauts must attach themselves t smething t prevent flating(flat) arund.
4. She slved the prblem in an intelligent (intelligence) way.
5. Yet, they are nt as universal (universe)as we think.
6. What can g arund the earth withut rckets(rcket)?
7. Jhn Glenn, the American wh first rbited(rbit) the Earth, was welcmed with 3, 529 tnnes f ticker tape when he gt back.
8. But I want t be strng and independent(independence) ne day.
9. Keeping yur muscles(muscle) strng helps yu t avid back prblems.
10. He leaped (leap)frward and caught the ball.
Ⅱ. 根据汉语提示用短语完成句子
1. Make sure that yur bss knw yu are keen t (热衷做某事)be prmted.
2. This curse will describe each f the planets in ur slar system(太阳系).
3. Yu shuld recgnize the current situatin(当前的形势).
4. The scenery n the tp is beynd descriptin(难以描述).
5. She studied hard in the hpe f(怀着……的希望)being admitted int the key university.
6. They desired t visit their teacher(渴望去拜访他们的老师).
7. Only by wrking hard can we succeed in ding everything(成功做好每件事).
8. Make sure(确保) that yu find the answers t these questins frm them.
9. It makes yu want t watch the next episde t find ut(弄明白) what’s ging t happen.
10. I wrked hard nly t fail(结果竟然失败了)at last.
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
(2019·长沙高一检测)
A new study suggests that dark markings n the planet Mars represent sand—nt water. The research in 2015 suggested that lines n sme Martian hills were evidence f water. Yet American scientists nw say these lines appear mre like dry, flws f sand. If water is present, it is likely t be a small amunt. Water in liquid frm wuld be necessary fr micrbial(微生物的) life.
NASA, the American space agency, said mre research is needed. Michael Meyer is the lead scientist fr NASA’s Mars explratin prgramme. He nted that the latest study des nt reject the presence f water. But he admitted, “It just may nt be as exciting as the idea f rivers ging dwn the sides f cliffs(悬崖). ”
The new findings cme frm a team led by Clin Dundas f the United States Gelgical Survey. His team measured 151 f these lines in 10 areas. Mst f the lines end with slpes between 28 degrees and 35 degrees. These measurements are similar t active sand dunes(沙丘) n bth Mars and Earth. A small cvering f dust that mves and smetimes becmes lighter might help explain the markings. They usually appear in the Martian summertime, and then disappear until the next year. If these lines are dry, this suggests that recent Mars has nt had large vlumes f liquid water. Dundas and his research team say that many questins remain.
“I still think that Mars has a great ptential fr having had life early n in its histry, ” Meyer said. “As lng as that’s true, we als have a reasnable pssibility f life still being n Mars. It just happens t be cryptic r well hidden. ”
NASA currently has n rbtic vehicle—either n Mars r in develpment—with the ability t climb steep slpes. The lack f such equipment has engineers cming up with ideas like Martian helicpters r planes withut pilts.
【文章大意】本文主要讲述了美国科学家的一项新的研究发现: 火星上黑色的标记是沙子而不是水。
1. What d American scientists find n Mars nw accrding t their study?
A. A lt f little life. B. An amunt f water.
C. Sme Martian hills. D. Dark markings are sand.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知, 科学家发现火星上的黑色标记是沙子不是水。故选D。
2. When d the markings cme ut?
A. In Martian spring. B. In Martian summer.
C. In Martian autumn. D. In Martian winter.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第三句可知, 这样的标记会出现在火星的夏季。故选B。
3. What’s Meyer’s pinin abut having life n Mars?
A. Dubtful. B. Trustful.
C. Indifferent. D. Objective.
【解析】选B。观点态度题。根据第四段内容可推知, Meyer还是相信火星上有生命。故选B。
4. What des the underlined wrd “cryptic” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. Undiscvered. B. Strange.
C. Magical. D. Icy.
【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据句中的r well hidden可知, cryptic的意思是“隐藏的; 没被发现的”。故选A。
Ⅱ. 完形填空
阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
Tm came frm France. It was his first visit t England, and he was lking frward t his first jurney n Lndn’s Undergrund Railway. And against his friends’ 1 , he was determined t travel 2 .
He entered the statin shrtly after five ’clck in the afternn. This is a 3 time t travel in Lndn, 4 crwds f peple g hme frm wrk at this hur. He 5 t jin a lng line f peple waiting fr tickets. When at last his 6 came, he had sme difficulty in making himself understd by the ticket seller. 7 , he gt the right ticket in the end and by asking peple the way, he als fund the right platfrm (月台). It was 8 with peple.
Unfrtunately, he did nt 9 t get n the first train, but he was able t mve nearer t the platfrm s as t be in a better 10 t get n the next ne. When this train came in, Tm was 11 frward nt the train by the push f peple frm behind. The drs clsed and the train mved ff. He was unable t see the 12 f the statins where the train 13 but he knew that the statin he wanted was the sixth stp alng the line. When the train reached the sixth statin, Tm gt ff, feeling 14 that his jurney had been s easy. But he suddenly realized that he had cme t a statin he had never 15 . He explained his truble t a man wh was standing n the platfrm. With a smile n his face, he tld Tm that he had caught a train ging in the ppsite(相反的) directin.
【文章大意】本文记叙了Tm决定不听从朋友的建议, 独自去伦敦游玩, 途中经历重重困难, 结果还坐错了车的故事。
1. A. thught B. advice C. relatin D. favur
【解析】选B。考查名词辨析。 thught想法; advice建议; relatin关系; favur帮忙。结合上下文可知, 这是Tm 第一次去伦敦玩, 他盼望着伦敦的地铁之旅, 所以没有听朋友的建议(advice), 决定单独行动。故选B。
2. A. alngB. abradC. alneD. away
【解析】选C。考查副词辨析。alng一起; abrad在国外; alne独自; away离去。Tm 盼望着伦敦的地铁之旅, 所以没有听朋友的建议, 决定单独(alne)行动。故选C。
3. A. shrtB. terribleC. pssibleD. certain
【解析】选B。考查形容词辨析。shrt短的; terrible糟糕的; pssible可能的; certain必然的。Tm 在五点后上的地铁, 这是一个糟糕的(terrible)出行时间, 因为赶上了下班的晚高峰。故选B。
4. A. butB. andC. sD. because
【解析】选D。考查连词辨析。but但是; and并且; s因此; because因为。结合上下文可知, 下午五点不适合坐地铁, 因为(because)很多人在这个时间下班回家。故选D。
5. A. plannedB. hpedC. expectedD. had
【解析】选D。考查动词辨析。planned计划; hped希望; expected期待; had不得不。因为赶上晚高峰, 所以 Tm 不得不(have t)排长队等着买票。故选D。
6. A. turnB. timeC. chanceD. luck
【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。turn轮次; time时间; chance机会; luck运气。结合上下文可知, 好不容易轮到(turn)Tm 买票了, 他却发现他听不懂售票员说什么。故选A。
7. A. BesidesB. Instead
C. HweverD. Hpefully
【解析】选C。考查副词辨析。Besides除此之外; Instead反而; Hwever然而; Hpefully有希望地。结合下文可知, Tm 听不懂售票员说什么, 然而(hwever)他最后还是买对票了。故选C。
8. A. seizedB. caughtC. cveredD. crwded
【解析】选D。考查词语辨析。seized 逮捕; caught抓住; cvered覆盖; crwded拥挤。结合上下文可知, 月台上挤满(crwded)了人, 所以 Tm 没能上去。故选D。
9. A. agreeB. tryC. manageD. expect
【解析】选C。考查动词辨析。agree同意; try尝试; manage成功(做成); expect期待。结合下文 “ t get n the next ne” 可知, 第一班地铁里挤满了人, 所以 Tm 没有成功(manage)挤上去, 要等下一班地铁。故选C。
10. A. psitinB. stateC. situatinD. seat
【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。psitin位置; state状况; situatin情况; seat座位。结合上下文可知, Tm 虽然没能挤上第一班地铁, 但是他往前移动了一些, 这样就有了好位置(psitin)能挤上下一班地铁了。故选A。
11. A. sweptB. fughtC. tkD. brught
【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。swept 打扫, 横扫; fught战斗; tk带走; brught带来。结合上下文可知, 第二班地铁来了之后, Tm 直接被后面的人横扫(sweep)到车里了。故选A。
12. A. signsB. namesC. pintsD. numbers
【解析】选B。考查名词辨析。signs标志; names名字; pints要点; numbers数字。Tm 被人群挤上了车, 他还没来得及看各站的名称(name), 但是他知道是要去第六站。故选B。
13. A. leftB. mvedC. startedD. stpped
【解析】选D。考查动词辨析。left留下; mved 移动; started开始; stpped停下。结合上下文可知, Tm 被人群挤上了车, 他还没来得及看那些会停车(stp)地的站名。故选D。
14. A. sickB. pleasedC. srryD. tired
【解析】选B。考查形容词辨析。sick病的; pleased高兴的; srry抱歉的; tired疲惫的。Tm 在第六站下了车, 感到很高兴(pleased), 因为他的旅程是如此容易。故选B。
15. A. talked abutB. heard f
C. thught fD. arrived at
【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。talked abut谈论; heard f听说; thught f想出; arrived at到达。结合下文 “ he had caught a train ging in the ppsite directin” 可知, Tm 并没有到他要去的那个站, 而是到了一个没听说过(hear f)的站。故选B。
Ⅲ. 语法填空
(2019·深圳高一检测)
I nce fund that helping smene culd get yu int a lt f truble.
I was in the 1. ________(nine) grade at the time, and we were having a final test. During the test, the girl 2. ________(sit) next t me whispered smething, but I didn’t understand. Finally I fund that she was trying t ask me 3. ________I had an extra pen. She shwed me that 4. ________(her) was ut f ink and wuld nt write. I happened t have an extra ne, s I put it n her desk.
Later, after the test papers had been turned in, the teacher 5. ________(ask) me t stay in the rm when all the ther students were dismissed. As sn as we were alne she began t talk t me abut hw imprtant it was 6. ________(stand) n my wn tw 7. ________(ft) and be respnsible fr my wn acts. Fr a lng time, she talked abut hnesty and emphasized the fact that 8. ________peple d smething dishnest, they are really cheating themselves. She made me prmise that I wuld think 9. ________(serius) abut all the things she had said, and then she tld me I culd leave. I walked ut f the rm wndering why she had chsen t talk t me
10. ________all thse things.
Later n, I fund ut that she thught I had cheated in the test.
【文章大意】考试中一同学向我借笔, 老师误以为考试作弊对我进行了教育。
1. 【解析】ninth。考查序数词。此处指“九年级”, 定冠词the修饰序数词, 故填ninth。
2. 【解析】sitting。考查现在分词。句中谓语是whispered, 现在分词作定语指坐在我旁边的女孩, 故填sitting。
3. 【解析】if/whether。考查宾语从句。句意: 我发现她问我是否有多余的笔。根据动词ask和语境可知填“是否”if/whether。
4. 【解析】hers。考查代词。此处指“她的笔”, 相当于her pen, 应用名词性物主代词, 故填hers。
5. 【解析】asked。考查动词时态。全文讲述的是过去发生的事, 谓语动词用一般过去时。故填asked。
6. 【解析】t stand。考查动词不定式。句中it是形式主语, 不定式作真正的主语。故填t stand。
7. 【解析】feet。考查名词复数。此处由tw修饰, 即指“两只脚”, 应用ft的复数形式。故填feet。
8. 【解析】when。考查连词。分析句意可知, 当人们做一些不诚实的事情时, 他们实际上是在欺骗自己。故填when。
9. 【解析】seriusly。考查副词。此处修饰动词think要用副词, 指“认真地想”。故填seriusly。
10. 【解析】abut。考查介词。分析句意可知, 我不知道为什么老师和我谈论这么多关于作弊的事情。故填abut。
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