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2021届上海市闵行区高三下学期英语质量调研（二模）试卷及答案
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这是一份2021届上海市闵行区高三下学期英语质量调研（二模）试卷及答案，共15页。试卷主要包含了用单词的适当形式完成短文，选用适当的单词或短语补全短文，完形填空，阅读选择，任务型阅读，概要写作，汉译英〔整句〕，提纲类作文等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1.Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Everywhere I lk utside my hme I see peple busy n their high-tech devices, while driving, walking, shpping, even sitting in tilets. ________cnnected electrnically, they are away frm physical reality.
Peple ________(influence) t becme technlgy addicted. One survey reprted that "addicted" was the wrd mst cmmnly used by peple ________(describe) their relatinship t iPad and similar devices. One study fund that peple had a harder time ________(resist) the temptatin f scial media than they did fr sleep, cigarettes and alchl.
The main gal f technlgy cmpanies is t get peple t spend mre mney and time n their prducts, nt t actually imprve ur quality f life. They have successfully created a cultural disease. I see peple ________(trap)in a pathlgical (病态的) relatinship with time-cnsuming technlgy,________they serve technlgy mre than technlgy serves them. I call this technlgy servitude(奴役). I am referring t a lss f persnal freedm and independence ________ uncntrlled cnsumptin f many kinds f devices that eat up time and mney.
What is a healthy use f technlgy devices? That is the vital questin. Wh is really in charge f my life? That is what we need t ask ________ if we are t have any chance f breaking up false beliefs abut the use f technlgy. When we can live happily withut using s much technlgy fr a day r a week, then we can regain cntrl and persnal freedm, becme the master f technlgy and discver what there is t enjy in life free f technlgy. Mae West is famus fr the wisdm that "t much f a gd thing is wnderful." ________ it's time t discver tday's verused technlgy.
Richard Fernandez, an executive cach at Ggle acknwledged that "we can be swept away by ur technlgies," T break the grand digital cnnectin, peple must cnsider________ life lng ag culd be fantastic withut tday's verused technlgy.
二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文
2.Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that then is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Celebrity (名人) has becme ne f the mst imprtant representatives f ppular culture. Fans used t be crazy abut a specific film, but nw the public tends t base its cnsumptin n the interest f celebrity ________ t any given prduct. Besides, fashin magazines have almst abandned the ________ f putting mdels n the cver because they dn't sell nearly as well as famus faces. As a result, celebrities have realized their unbelievably pwerful market ________, mving frm advertising fr thers' prducts t develping their wn.
Celebrity clthing lines aren't a cmpletely new phenmenn, but in the past, they were typically aimed at the rdinary cnsumers, and limited t a few TV actresses. Tday they're started by first-class stars whse prducts enjy ________fame with sme wrld tp brands. The mst successful start-ups have been thse by celebrities with specific persnal style. As celebrities becme mre and mre experienced at the market, they try t ________their prductin scale rapidly, cvering almst all the prducts f daily life.
Hwever, fr every success stry, there's a related warning tale f a celebrity wh vervalued his cnsumer ________. N matter hw famus the prduct's rigin is, if it fails t impress cnsumers with its wn qualities, it begins t resemble an exercise in self-prmtinal marketing. And nce the ________attentin dies dwn, cnsumer interest might fade, lyalty returning t tried-and-true labels.
Tday, celebrities face even mre severe embarrassment. The pp-cultural circle might be bigger than ever, but its rate f turnver has speeded up as well. Each misstep is likely t ________t reduce a celebrity's shelf life, and the same newspaper r magazine that nce brught him fame has n prblem picking him t pieces when the pprtunity appears. Still, the eg's (自我的) ptential fr expansin is ________. Having already achieved great wealth and public ________, many celebrities see fashin as the next frntier t be cnquered. As the saying ges, success and failure always g hand in hand. Their success as designers might last nly a shrt time, but fashin—like celebrity—has always been temprary.
三、完形填空
3.完形填空
Many things happen when peple are ageing. Apart frm the greying hair and wrinkled skin, there is a(n) 1 change which cmes with lder age. When humans reach their later years, they favur mre lng-term 2 and their scial cirele is reduced.
Nw, fr what appears t be the first time, scientists have seen the same 3 in anther species. Twenty years f bservatins f chimpanzees (猩猩) reveal that lder males chse t keep cntact with their 4 friends at the expense f ther relatinships.
The researchers studied 78,000 hurs f bservatins made between 1996 and 2021 that fllwed the scial 5 f 21 male chimpanzees between the ages f 15 and 58 years ld. They classified the chimps' 6 depending n the amunt f time they sat with thers and grmed (梳毛) them. They then rated (分类) the varius pairings as mutual (相互的) friendships, where bth chimps seemed t enjy the relatinship; 7 friendships, where ne chimp was mre keen t be friends than the ther; and nn-friendships, where neither chimp shwed 8 the ther.
When the scientists lked at the 9 f friendships, they fund that the lder chimps had mre mutual friendships and fewer ne-sided friendships than yunger chimps. Anther 10 seen in lder humans was als sptted in the chimps. As the males gt lder, their levels f 11 gradually becme less, meaning they started fewer fights and tended t threaten thers in their grup less ften.
The bservatins have left the researchers 12 . Accrding t an idea in psychlgy knwn as sci-emtinal selectivity thery, lder humans prefer mre 13 relatinships because they are aware that time is running ut. Hwever many animal experts argue that chimpanzees 14 the human sense f mrtality (死亡) , suggesting smething else is driving the behaviur.
Rbin Dunbar, a prfessr f evlutinary psychlgy at the University f Oxfrd, said in humans, the 15 scial circles with age is due t declining scial mtivatin t get ut and meet peple cmbined by lack f pprtunity. In chimpanzees, as lder males cmpete less fr mates, they may fcus n clse, reciprcal (互惠的) relatinships with trusted partners, he said.
四、阅读选择
4.阅读理解
Each day, 10-year-ld Seth asked his mm fr mre and mre lunch mney. Yet he seemed skinnier than ever and came hme frm schl hungry. It turned ut that Seth was handing his lunch mney t fifth grader, wh was threatening t beat him up if he didn't pay.
Mst kids have been made fun f by a brther r a friend at sme pint. And it's nt usually harmful when dne in a playful and friendly way, and bth kids find it funny. But when teasing becmes hurtful, unkind, and cnstant, it crsses the line int bullying and needs t be stpped.
Bullying is intentinal trment(折磨)in physical r psychlgical ways. It can range frm hitting, name-calling and threats t blackmailing(勒索)mney and pssessins. Sme kids bully thers by deliberately separating them and spreading rumurs abut them. Others use scial media r electrnic messaging t make fun f thers r hurt their feelings.
It's imprtant t take bullying seriusly and nt just brush it ff as smething that kids have t tlerate. The effects can be serius and affect kids' sense f safety and self-wrth. In severe cases, bullying has cntributed t tragedies, such as suicides and schl shtings.
Kids bully fr a variety f reasns. Smetimes they pick n kids because they need a victim—smene wh seems emtinally r physically weaker, r just acts r appears different in sme way—t feel mre imprtant, ppular, r in cntrl. Althugh sme bullies are bigger r strnger than their victims, that's nt always the case.
Smetimes kids bully thers because that's the way they've been treated. They may think their behavir is nrmal because they cme frm families r ther settings where everyne regularly gets angry and shuts r calls each ther names.
Unless yur child tells yu abut bullying—r has visible injuries—it can be difficult t figure ut if its happening.
〔1〕What is the authr's purpse f telling Seth's stry?
A.T intrduce the tpic f bullying.
B.T seek help fr the victims f bullying.
C.T analyze the cause f bullying.
D.T display the effects f bullying n kid
〔2〕What des the phrase "brush it ff" (in paragraph 4) prbably mean?
A.Remve bullying.
B.Ignre bullying.
C.Avid bullying.
D.Punish bullying.
〔3〕Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing abut bullying is NOT true?
A.Bullying is accidental behavirs.
B.Thse wh bully get emtinal satisfactin.
C.The weak are easy t be bullied.
D.The experience f being bullied can lead t bullying.
〔4〕What will the fllwing paragraph mst prbably talk abut?
A.Prblems f bullying.
B.Cause and effect f bullying.
C.Signs f bullying.
D.Psychlgical reasns f bullying.
5.阅读理解
〔1〕Which f the fllwing phrases can be put in the blank〔in the 4th line〕?
A.Just Oppsite My Opinin
B.Jy f Missing Out
C.Jump ff Mental Obstacle
D.Justify Our Main Objective
〔2〕Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing is a state f JOMO?
A.Yu are busy with a reprt, s yu dn't have t attend a staff meeting.
B.Yu are nt feeling well, s yu are allwed t leave the wrk earlier.
C.Yu received a dinner party invitatin, but yu preferred t stay hme.
D.Yu were tired ut after wrk, but yu heard yur favrite sng n the radi.
〔3〕The wrd "zeitgeist" (in the last paragraph) prbably refers t ________.
A.a mixed r unfavrable feeling tward technlgy
B.a trend t use new wrds related t technlgy
C.the fear f negative influence f technlgy n peple
D.the lack f ability t use technlgy prperly
6.阅读理解
Once upn a time, science fictin was just a style amng ther styles. There were crime stries, there were hrrr stries, there was literary fictin, and there was science fictin. But tday science themes dminate these ther styles. It's difficult t think f much mdern crime, hrrr r "serius" fictin that desn't invlve science.
And its nt just bks. With every secnd mvie and cmputer game having a sci-fi element, science fictin seems t have cntrlled ur entire entertainment culture. It's clear that if we want t define science fictin, we shuld relate it t the rle that science plays in ur lives.
Althugh sme experts have claimed t be able t trace sci-fi back t ancient times, it is mre reasnable t find it in initial frm in the 19th century, when industrial scieties arse. One f the features that set industrial scieties apart frm ther kinds was the increasing part that science played in everyday life. Factries with vast machines turned ut huge quantities f gds, which were transprted by trains, mtr vehicles and ships all ver the wrld. Cities were built n the back f technlgy, with electricity in hmes and hspitals helping everyne t lead healthier, mre cnvenient lives. All f these changes had great effects nt nly n peple's real lives, but n their imaginative nes.
Writers began t describe these changing physical and mental landscapes, eventually giving science fictin a large and devted fan base f especially yung readers, wh fund that it spke t their curisity abut the future that science wuld create.
But sci-fictin reflected fears abut science mre than it did hpes. These typical early science fictin nvels might be a UK nvel like H. G. Wells' The War f the wrlds (1897). With great skill, Wells played upn the fears f technlgy by imagining Earth under threat by a civilizatin-that f men frm Mars.
The science fictin f tday expresses the impact f the cmputing revlutin, rbtics and ur envirnmental challenges, while it is less cncerned with "little green men frm Mar" and ther themes f past sci-fictin.
Given that science, technlgy and plities are always intertwined, cntemprary science fictin ften has a great deal t say abut pwer. Many recent nvels-like American Cry Dctrw's Little Brther (2021)-are cncerned with gvernment and security service "cnspiracies (阴谋)" against the peple, particularly as the revelatins f whistleblwers like Edward Snwden sink in. This can give sci-fi writing a "skeptical (疑心的)" feel.
This underlines ne f the features that remains cnstant between the beginnings f the empire f science fictin and its state tday.
As then, s nw: We want t read abut hw fearful the future will be, nt hw it will be a paradise.
〔1〕Accrding t the first paragraph, we knw that ________.
A.science fictin used t take the leadership in literature
B.hrrr stry and literary fictin have initiated science fictin
C.mdern fictin reflects the influence f science fictin
D.science fictin is the dminant literature style at present time
〔2〕What caused science fictin t appear in the 19th century?
A.The curisity f yung readers abut the future.
B.The changes that the industrial revlutin brught abut.
C.Peple's stretched imaginatin affected by their real life.
D.Peple's fears abut science rather than hpes.
〔3〕Accrding t the passage, what d we knw abut the early science fictin?
A.It arused peple's curisity f science n daily life.
B.It intensified peple's wrries abut the scial prblems.
C.It prmted peple's understanding f the true value f science.
D.It cnveyed an atmsphere f imaginary anxieties t peple.
〔4〕Which f the fllwing can be inferred frm the passage?
A.Despite the cntent, the theme f science fictin remains the same.
B.The fear f uter space attack has lng been a wrry amng peple f times.
C.The appearance f science fictin has caused misunderstanding amng peple.
D.Science fictin is weakening gvernment pwer implemented n peple.
五、任务型阅读
7.任务型阅读
Wh's in cntrl f yur life? Wh's pulling yur strings? ________We learned this way f perating when we were very yung, f curse. We were brainwashed. We discvered that feeling imprtant and feeling accepted was a nice experience and s we learned t d everything we culd t make ther peple like us. As Oscar Wilde puts it, mst peple are ther peple. Their thughts are smene else's pinins, their lives a mimicry (模仿), their passins a qutatin.〞
S when peple tell us hw wnderful we are, it makes us feel gd. We lng fr this gd feeling like a drug一we are addicted t it and seek it ut wherever we can. ________Just as drug addicts and alchlics live wrsened lives t keep getting their fix (成瘾物), we wrsen ur wn existence t get ur wn cnstant fix f apprval.
But just as with any drug, there is a price t pay. The price f the apprval drug is freedm-the freedm t be urselves. The truth is that we cannt cntrl what ther peple think. Peple have their wn schedule and they cme with their wn baggage and, in the end, they're mre interested in themselves than in yu. ________Everyne has different way f thinking, and peple change their pinins all the time. The persn wh tries t please everyne will nly end up getting exhausted and prbably pleasing n ne in the prcess.
S hw can we take back cntrl? ________We shuld guide urselves by means f a set f values-nt values impsed frm the utside by thers, but innate values which cme frm within. If we are driven by these values and nt by the changing pinins and value systems f thers, we will live a mre authentic, effective, purpseful and happy life.
A. I's the inner self brn in ur mind that is keeping us under cntrl.
B. Furthermre, if we try t live by the pinins f thers, we will build ur life n sinking sand.
C. As a matter f fact, peple smetimes fail t understand wh they are and where they are ging.
D. Fr the mst f us, it's ther peple-sciety, clleagues, friends, family r ur cmmunity.
E.I think there's nly ne way-make a cnscius decisin t stp caring what ther peple think.
F. Therefre, we are s eager fr the apprval f thers that we live unhappy and limited lives, failing t d the things we really want t.
六、概要写作
8.Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint'(s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
These days, its nt unusual t see middle-aged men cllecting Star Wars actin figures, ffice wrkers wearing Hell Kitty accessries, r celebrities like David Beckham playing with Leg bricks, it's becming mre and mre cmmn t see adult taking an interest in tys, cmic bks and the activities that are traditinally assciated with children. This phenmenn has given rise t a new wrd: kidult.
What lies behind the phenmenn? One is abut adults' nstalgia (怀旧)fr the carefree days f childhd, and this is especially true with tday's fast-paced, stressful lifestyles. Anther is abut a scietal change in recent decades where peple are starting families later. As a result, they have mre time and mney t spend n themselves. Sme adults culd nly windw-shp fr their dream tys when they were kids, but nw they can affrd that radi-cntrlled car r high-priced dll they have always wanted.
Sciety traditinally disapprves f adults wh refuse t put aside childhd interests, viewing the refusal as a sign f scial immaturity (不成熟) and irrespnsibility. Thse wh agree with this view smetimes claim that kidults are suffering frm the pp-psychlgy cncept knwn as Peter Pan Syndrme, an anmaly (异常) that peple remain emtinally at the level f teenagers.
Frm the standpint f kidults, thugh, this phenmenn is seen as nthing but harmless fun. Kidults insist that having yuthful interests keeps them yung, happy and creative, and their refusal t cnfrm t sciety's acccptable tastes shws independent thinking. Besides, they argue that being part f the scial trend f delayed adulthd is nt purely a persnal chice. The real causes include expensive husing, increased educatinal requirements fr emplyment and pr wrk pprtunities.
七、汉译英〔整句〕
9.天气这么好，周六去植物园野餐好吗？〔Why nt…〕(汉译英)
10.我现在比以前挣得多了，每月支付日常开销后还能存一些钱。〔make〕(汉译英)
11.我外婆眼力不济了，看不了太小的字，需要一部适合老年人的 。〔suitable〕(汉译英)
12.获得粉丝大量点赞后他感慨万千，回想起创业之初经历的种种磨难，他不禁失声痛哭。〔can't help〕(汉译英)
八、提纲类作文
13.Directins: Write an English cmpsitin in 120-150 wrds accrding t the instructins given belw in Chinese.
假设你是李华，你们学校将为学生开设一系列微课程，每人可以选择其中的一项参加课程包括“文学欣赏〞〔Literature Appreciatin〕、“厨艺〞〔Cking Skills〕和“野外生存〞〔Wilderness Survival Skills〕。你在英国留学的表哥Wilsn很关心你这次课程的选择。请你写E-mail给他，说说你选择的结果，并简要谈谈你这样选择的理由。
答案解析局部
一、用单词的适当形式完成短文
1.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人们对电子产品和科技的过分依赖，并探讨了如何修正这种病态的关系。
【点评】考查语法填空，此题考点涉及连词，时态语态，非谓语动词，定语从句，介词，代词，连词以及宾语从句等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的根底上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文
2.【解析】【分析】本文一篇说明文，介绍名人已经成为流行文化的重要代表之一，具有很大的市场潜力，但现在面临更严峻的现实困境：享受有名成功的同时，名人的每一次失误都会减少他们的知名度和产品销量。
【点评】考查选词填空，考查词汇在篇章中的运用能力，答题时首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握其大意，然后细读文章字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素。最后通读一遍检查验证。
三、完形填空
3.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过科学研究来说明猩猩与人类一样，随着年龄变大，他们所交的朋友类型也会发生变化，年老时喜欢选择少数几个亲近的又积极活泼的朋友。
【点评】考查完形填空，此题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的根底上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
四、阅读选择
4.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了校园欺凌的现象以及原因。
【点评】此题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜想和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
5.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了JOMO词条所代表的含义和它产生的背景。
【点评】此题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜想和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
5.(1)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“and is simply refers t the gratifying feeling yu get when yu break away frm the〔real r virtual〕activities f yur scial grup and spend time ding exactly what yu mst want t d.〞指的是当你从社交团体的(真实的或虚拟的)活动中脱离出来，花时间做自己最想做的事情时的那种满足感。可知，空格局部应与后文产生联系，所填内容应与满足感一词类似。所以JOMO指的是Jy f Missing Out，即错失的乐趣。应选B。
5.(2)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“JOMO is ften described as a resist against the hyper-cnnected sciety we live in, where technlgy pushes bth scial and prfessinal activity cnstantly in ur faces, s that it's virtually impssible t be happily unaware f what everyne else is ding. This ften frces us int spending time in ways which we wuldn't necessarily have chsen.〞JOMO经常被描述为对我们所生活的超连接社会的抵抗，在这个社会里，技术不断地把社交和专业活动推到我们面前，所以我们几乎不可能快乐地不知道其他人在做什么。这常常迫使我们把时间花在我们不一定会选择的事情上。可知，JOMO是一种迫使我我们把时间花在我们不一定会选择或喜欢的事情上，与C选项描述的比起晚宴邀请，你更愿意一个人呆在家中一致。应选C。
5.(3)考查词义猜想。根据第五段中的“the cnstant need t check yur phne r mistakenly thinking it's ringing. nhubbing, the related cnditin f being implite in scial situatins by checking yur phne, tablet, etc., and infbesity, cntinuus addictin t digital infrmatin in which affects yur ability t cncentrate.〞不停地查看 ，或者误以为 在响。nhubbing指在社交场合看 、平板电脑等不礼貌的行为，还有“信息肥胖〞，指持续沉迷于数字信息，影响注意力的行为。可知，这段话解释了“zeitgeist〞：技术的到来，人们产生的不好的行为感觉。应选A。
6.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科幻小说对其他文体的影响，并介绍其起源和现代科幻小说与以前的不同。
【点评】此题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
五、任务型阅读
7.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者在文章中告诉我们生活中很多人都在取悦他人，总是为他人而活，最后的结果往往不如之前预料。作者建议我们不要过度的关注他人看法，活出自己。
【点评】考查任务型阅读，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的根底上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
六、概要写作
8.【解析】【分析】这是一篇概要写作。写作步骤
1〕细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。童心未泯的成人指的是那些和童年时一样有兴趣的成年人。这种日益增长的现象可以解释为，他们渴望重获童年的快乐，而由于推迟结婚，这使他们有能力负担得起自己想要的玩具。虽然传统上被认为是不成熟和不负责任的，但童心未泯的成人认为这种无害的行为，有利于个人和显示他们的独立思考，这种现象很大程度上是由社会因素引起的。
2〕弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一局部的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。
3〕列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此根底上选出与文章主题密切相关的局部。
4〕在写作时要特别注意下面几点：
〔1〕概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。
〔2〕安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
〔3〕注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯穿全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。
〔4〕不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
〔5〕计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动饱满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，表达了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如：Kidults refer t adults wh take up childhd interests. 运用了限制性定语从句；The grwing phenmenn can be explained by their desire t recapture childhd pleasures and their ability t affrd them because f delayed marriage. 运用了被动语态；Thugh traditinally cnsidered immature and irrespnsible, kidults believe this harmless behavir, which benefits the individuals and shws their independent thinking, is due largely t scial factrs.运用了宾语从句，非限制性定语从句。
七、汉译英〔整句〕
9.【解析】【分析】Why nt...，为什么不……，后接动词原形；btanic garden植物园。句中先行词为this Saturday，在定语从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导。根据句意可知，用一般现在时。根据句意，故答案为Why nt g t the btanic garden fr picnic this Saturday when we have such fine weather?
【点评】考查汉译英，此题涉及一般现在时，限制性定语从句。
10.【解析】【分析】make mney 挣钱；save mney 省钱；daily expense日常开销。根据句中时间状语nw可知，用现在进行时。表示“存钱〞用save sme mney；表示“支付日常开销〞用pay the daily expenses，介词after后接动名词形式。根据句意，故答案为I'm making mre mney nw than befre, and I can save sme mney after paying the daily expenses every mnth.
【点评】考查汉译英，此题涉及现在进行时，固定短语make mney ，save mney和daily expense。
11.【解析】【分析】t ... t...太……以至于不能……；be suitable fr 适合，在句中作定语，修饰名词mbile phne； the elderly老年人。陈述现在事实，用一般现在时。根据句意，故答案为My grandma's eyesight is t pr t read small wrds, s she needs a mbile phne suitable fr the elderly/ld peple.
【点评】考查汉译英，本踢谁一般现在时以及固定短语be suitable fr。
12.【解析】【分析】 a lt f 许多；be filled with 充满； can't help ding情不自禁的做某事；cry ut大哭；all kinds f 各种各样的；at the beginning f 起初； 开始。从句的主语与主句的主语一致，所以从句省略主语和谓语he was。when当……时候，引导时间状语从句。主句陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。从句用过去进行时，表示过去在某一时间段或某一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作或状态。根据句意，故答案为After receiving a lt f praise frm his fans, he was filled with different emtins and culdn't help crying ut lud when he was recalling all kinds f hardships at the beginning f his business.
【点评】考查汉译英，此题涉及一般过去时，时间状语从句以及固定短语be filled with ，can't help ding。
八、提纲类作文
13.【解析】【分析】此题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以李华的身份写E-mail给英国留学的表哥Wilsn，说说你选课的结果，并简要谈谈你这样选择的理由。写作背景：们学校将为学生开设一系列微课程，每人可以选择其中的一项参加课程包括“文学欣赏〞〔Literature Appreciatin〕、“厨艺〞〔Cking Skills〕和“野外生存〞〔Wilderness Survival Skills〕。Wilsn很关心你这次课程的选择。 提示中的内容比拟泛泛，需要适当补充。此题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：I have learnt that ur schl will be pen new train curses t satisfy ur needs, including Literature Appreciatin, Cking Skills and Wilderness Survival Skills. 运用了宾语从句，被动语态；Mst prjects f Wilderness Survival Skills are designed t imprve the quality f peple's psychlgy, t imprve self-cntrl ability f students t cntinually vercme the psychlgical fear, t challenge themselves, vercme themselves and shape the gd will quality f calm, reslute, indmitable.运用了被动语态； Obviusly, Wilderness Survival Skills can achieve educatinal gals f psychlgical and scial adaptatin, which, fr the lng run, pays ff and benefits us fr a life-lng term.运用了非限制性定语从句。A. ptential B. limitless C. attached D. initial E. prmtin F. appeal
G. expand H. equal I. recgnitin J. threaten K. practice
1. A. physical
B. intellectual
C. emtinal
D. functinal
2. A. habits
B. friends
C. tasks
D. ideas
3. A. prblem
B. bstacle
C. struggle
D. behaviur
4. A. established
B. respective
C. experienced
D. thughtful
5. A. skills
B. reputatins
C. interactins
D. psitins
6. A. intelligence
B. relatinships
C. ppularity
D. perfrmances
7. A. easy-ging
B. warm-hearted
C. self-relying
D. ne-sided
8. A. respect fr
B. curage t
C. interest in
D. lyalty t
9. A. patterns
B. imprtance
C. meanings
D. develpment
10. A. instinct
B. disadvantage
C. feature
D. belief
11. A. respnsibility
B. aggressin
C. reliability
D. advancement
12. A. delighted
B. amused
C. relived
D. puzzled
13. A. unknwn
B. psitive
C. insecure
D. senseless
14. A. lack
B. btain
C. imitate
D. abandn
15. A. absence frm
B. islatin frm
C. decrease in
D. distinctin in
Welcme t the nline Macmillan Dictinary f the BUZZWORD f the mnth.
Wrd entry-JOMO
JOMO is an acrnym (首字母缩略词) standing fr the expressin , and is simply refers t the gratifying feeling yu get when yu break away frm the〔real r virtual〕activities f yur scial grup and spend time ding exactly what yu mst want t d.
JOMO is ften described as a resist against the hyper-cnnected sciety we live in, where technlgy pushes bth scial and prfessinal activity cnstantly in ur faces, s that it's virtually impssible t be happily unaware f what everyne else is ding. This ften frces us int spending time in ways which we wuldn't necessarily have chsen. JOMO then, is abut stepping ff the scial fashin and recnnecting with what really makes us happy.
Backgrund-JOMO
The cncept f JOMO first appeared in 2021, its early use ften credited t blgger Anil Dash wh, having t withdraw frm bth n-and ffline activity fr a perid after the birth f his sn. realized that he'd enjyed himself greatly and didn't feel he'd missed ut n anything at all.
JOMO is a play n the earlier acrnym FOMO, meaning "fear f missing ut", which is used t describe the feeling f anxiety that peple experience when they discver, ften via scial media, that they've let g n a scial event r ther psitive experience.
The existence f expressins like JOMO suggest that, althugh we're unlikely t resist technlgy cmpletely, the mre deeply we immerse〔沉浸〕in it, the mre we're beginning t evaluate its hld n us. Other newly created cmbined wrds reflecting this zeitgeist include ringxiety. the cnstant need t check yur phne r mistakenly thinking it's ringing. nhubbing, the related cnditin f being implite in scial situatins by checking yur phne, tablet, etc., and infbesity, cntinuus addictin t digital infrmatin in which affects yur ability t cncentrate.
1.Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Everywhere I lk utside my hme I see peple busy n their high-tech devices, while driving, walking, shpping, even sitting in tilets. ________cnnected electrnically, they are away frm physical reality.
Peple ________(influence) t becme technlgy addicted. One survey reprted that "addicted" was the wrd mst cmmnly used by peple ________(describe) their relatinship t iPad and similar devices. One study fund that peple had a harder time ________(resist) the temptatin f scial media than they did fr sleep, cigarettes and alchl.
The main gal f technlgy cmpanies is t get peple t spend mre mney and time n their prducts, nt t actually imprve ur quality f life. They have successfully created a cultural disease. I see peple ________(trap)in a pathlgical (病态的) relatinship with time-cnsuming technlgy,________they serve technlgy mre than technlgy serves them. I call this technlgy servitude(奴役). I am referring t a lss f persnal freedm and independence ________ uncntrlled cnsumptin f many kinds f devices that eat up time and mney.
What is a healthy use f technlgy devices? That is the vital questin. Wh is really in charge f my life? That is what we need t ask ________ if we are t have any chance f breaking up false beliefs abut the use f technlgy. When we can live happily withut using s much technlgy fr a day r a week, then we can regain cntrl and persnal freedm, becme the master f technlgy and discver what there is t enjy in life free f technlgy. Mae West is famus fr the wisdm that "t much f a gd thing is wnderful." ________ it's time t discver tday's verused technlgy.
Richard Fernandez, an executive cach at Ggle acknwledged that "we can be swept away by ur technlgies," T break the grand digital cnnectin, peple must cnsider________ life lng ag culd be fantastic withut tday's verused technlgy.
二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文
2.Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that then is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Celebrity (名人) has becme ne f the mst imprtant representatives f ppular culture. Fans used t be crazy abut a specific film, but nw the public tends t base its cnsumptin n the interest f celebrity ________ t any given prduct. Besides, fashin magazines have almst abandned the ________ f putting mdels n the cver because they dn't sell nearly as well as famus faces. As a result, celebrities have realized their unbelievably pwerful market ________, mving frm advertising fr thers' prducts t develping their wn.
Celebrity clthing lines aren't a cmpletely new phenmenn, but in the past, they were typically aimed at the rdinary cnsumers, and limited t a few TV actresses. Tday they're started by first-class stars whse prducts enjy ________fame with sme wrld tp brands. The mst successful start-ups have been thse by celebrities with specific persnal style. As celebrities becme mre and mre experienced at the market, they try t ________their prductin scale rapidly, cvering almst all the prducts f daily life.
Hwever, fr every success stry, there's a related warning tale f a celebrity wh vervalued his cnsumer ________. N matter hw famus the prduct's rigin is, if it fails t impress cnsumers with its wn qualities, it begins t resemble an exercise in self-prmtinal marketing. And nce the ________attentin dies dwn, cnsumer interest might fade, lyalty returning t tried-and-true labels.
Tday, celebrities face even mre severe embarrassment. The pp-cultural circle might be bigger than ever, but its rate f turnver has speeded up as well. Each misstep is likely t ________t reduce a celebrity's shelf life, and the same newspaper r magazine that nce brught him fame has n prblem picking him t pieces when the pprtunity appears. Still, the eg's (自我的) ptential fr expansin is ________. Having already achieved great wealth and public ________, many celebrities see fashin as the next frntier t be cnquered. As the saying ges, success and failure always g hand in hand. Their success as designers might last nly a shrt time, but fashin—like celebrity—has always been temprary.
三、完形填空
3.完形填空
Many things happen when peple are ageing. Apart frm the greying hair and wrinkled skin, there is a(n) 1 change which cmes with lder age. When humans reach their later years, they favur mre lng-term 2 and their scial cirele is reduced.
Nw, fr what appears t be the first time, scientists have seen the same 3 in anther species. Twenty years f bservatins f chimpanzees (猩猩) reveal that lder males chse t keep cntact with their 4 friends at the expense f ther relatinships.
The researchers studied 78,000 hurs f bservatins made between 1996 and 2021 that fllwed the scial 5 f 21 male chimpanzees between the ages f 15 and 58 years ld. They classified the chimps' 6 depending n the amunt f time they sat with thers and grmed (梳毛) them. They then rated (分类) the varius pairings as mutual (相互的) friendships, where bth chimps seemed t enjy the relatinship; 7 friendships, where ne chimp was mre keen t be friends than the ther; and nn-friendships, where neither chimp shwed 8 the ther.
When the scientists lked at the 9 f friendships, they fund that the lder chimps had mre mutual friendships and fewer ne-sided friendships than yunger chimps. Anther 10 seen in lder humans was als sptted in the chimps. As the males gt lder, their levels f 11 gradually becme less, meaning they started fewer fights and tended t threaten thers in their grup less ften.
The bservatins have left the researchers 12 . Accrding t an idea in psychlgy knwn as sci-emtinal selectivity thery, lder humans prefer mre 13 relatinships because they are aware that time is running ut. Hwever many animal experts argue that chimpanzees 14 the human sense f mrtality (死亡) , suggesting smething else is driving the behaviur.
Rbin Dunbar, a prfessr f evlutinary psychlgy at the University f Oxfrd, said in humans, the 15 scial circles with age is due t declining scial mtivatin t get ut and meet peple cmbined by lack f pprtunity. In chimpanzees, as lder males cmpete less fr mates, they may fcus n clse, reciprcal (互惠的) relatinships with trusted partners, he said.
四、阅读选择
4.阅读理解
Each day, 10-year-ld Seth asked his mm fr mre and mre lunch mney. Yet he seemed skinnier than ever and came hme frm schl hungry. It turned ut that Seth was handing his lunch mney t fifth grader, wh was threatening t beat him up if he didn't pay.
Mst kids have been made fun f by a brther r a friend at sme pint. And it's nt usually harmful when dne in a playful and friendly way, and bth kids find it funny. But when teasing becmes hurtful, unkind, and cnstant, it crsses the line int bullying and needs t be stpped.
Bullying is intentinal trment(折磨)in physical r psychlgical ways. It can range frm hitting, name-calling and threats t blackmailing(勒索)mney and pssessins. Sme kids bully thers by deliberately separating them and spreading rumurs abut them. Others use scial media r electrnic messaging t make fun f thers r hurt their feelings.
It's imprtant t take bullying seriusly and nt just brush it ff as smething that kids have t tlerate. The effects can be serius and affect kids' sense f safety and self-wrth. In severe cases, bullying has cntributed t tragedies, such as suicides and schl shtings.
Kids bully fr a variety f reasns. Smetimes they pick n kids because they need a victim—smene wh seems emtinally r physically weaker, r just acts r appears different in sme way—t feel mre imprtant, ppular, r in cntrl. Althugh sme bullies are bigger r strnger than their victims, that's nt always the case.
Smetimes kids bully thers because that's the way they've been treated. They may think their behavir is nrmal because they cme frm families r ther settings where everyne regularly gets angry and shuts r calls each ther names.
Unless yur child tells yu abut bullying—r has visible injuries—it can be difficult t figure ut if its happening.
〔1〕What is the authr's purpse f telling Seth's stry?
A.T intrduce the tpic f bullying.
B.T seek help fr the victims f bullying.
C.T analyze the cause f bullying.
D.T display the effects f bullying n kid
〔2〕What des the phrase "brush it ff" (in paragraph 4) prbably mean?
A.Remve bullying.
B.Ignre bullying.
C.Avid bullying.
D.Punish bullying.
〔3〕Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing abut bullying is NOT true?
A.Bullying is accidental behavirs.
B.Thse wh bully get emtinal satisfactin.
C.The weak are easy t be bullied.
D.The experience f being bullied can lead t bullying.
〔4〕What will the fllwing paragraph mst prbably talk abut?
A.Prblems f bullying.
B.Cause and effect f bullying.
C.Signs f bullying.
D.Psychlgical reasns f bullying.
5.阅读理解
〔1〕Which f the fllwing phrases can be put in the blank〔in the 4th line〕?
A.Just Oppsite My Opinin
B.Jy f Missing Out
C.Jump ff Mental Obstacle
D.Justify Our Main Objective
〔2〕Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing is a state f JOMO?
A.Yu are busy with a reprt, s yu dn't have t attend a staff meeting.
B.Yu are nt feeling well, s yu are allwed t leave the wrk earlier.
C.Yu received a dinner party invitatin, but yu preferred t stay hme.
D.Yu were tired ut after wrk, but yu heard yur favrite sng n the radi.
〔3〕The wrd "zeitgeist" (in the last paragraph) prbably refers t ________.
A.a mixed r unfavrable feeling tward technlgy
B.a trend t use new wrds related t technlgy
C.the fear f negative influence f technlgy n peple
D.the lack f ability t use technlgy prperly
6.阅读理解
Once upn a time, science fictin was just a style amng ther styles. There were crime stries, there were hrrr stries, there was literary fictin, and there was science fictin. But tday science themes dminate these ther styles. It's difficult t think f much mdern crime, hrrr r "serius" fictin that desn't invlve science.
And its nt just bks. With every secnd mvie and cmputer game having a sci-fi element, science fictin seems t have cntrlled ur entire entertainment culture. It's clear that if we want t define science fictin, we shuld relate it t the rle that science plays in ur lives.
Althugh sme experts have claimed t be able t trace sci-fi back t ancient times, it is mre reasnable t find it in initial frm in the 19th century, when industrial scieties arse. One f the features that set industrial scieties apart frm ther kinds was the increasing part that science played in everyday life. Factries with vast machines turned ut huge quantities f gds, which were transprted by trains, mtr vehicles and ships all ver the wrld. Cities were built n the back f technlgy, with electricity in hmes and hspitals helping everyne t lead healthier, mre cnvenient lives. All f these changes had great effects nt nly n peple's real lives, but n their imaginative nes.
Writers began t describe these changing physical and mental landscapes, eventually giving science fictin a large and devted fan base f especially yung readers, wh fund that it spke t their curisity abut the future that science wuld create.
But sci-fictin reflected fears abut science mre than it did hpes. These typical early science fictin nvels might be a UK nvel like H. G. Wells' The War f the wrlds (1897). With great skill, Wells played upn the fears f technlgy by imagining Earth under threat by a civilizatin-that f men frm Mars.
The science fictin f tday expresses the impact f the cmputing revlutin, rbtics and ur envirnmental challenges, while it is less cncerned with "little green men frm Mar" and ther themes f past sci-fictin.
Given that science, technlgy and plities are always intertwined, cntemprary science fictin ften has a great deal t say abut pwer. Many recent nvels-like American Cry Dctrw's Little Brther (2021)-are cncerned with gvernment and security service "cnspiracies (阴谋)" against the peple, particularly as the revelatins f whistleblwers like Edward Snwden sink in. This can give sci-fi writing a "skeptical (疑心的)" feel.
This underlines ne f the features that remains cnstant between the beginnings f the empire f science fictin and its state tday.
As then, s nw: We want t read abut hw fearful the future will be, nt hw it will be a paradise.
〔1〕Accrding t the first paragraph, we knw that ________.
A.science fictin used t take the leadership in literature
B.hrrr stry and literary fictin have initiated science fictin
C.mdern fictin reflects the influence f science fictin
D.science fictin is the dminant literature style at present time
〔2〕What caused science fictin t appear in the 19th century?
A.The curisity f yung readers abut the future.
B.The changes that the industrial revlutin brught abut.
C.Peple's stretched imaginatin affected by their real life.
D.Peple's fears abut science rather than hpes.
〔3〕Accrding t the passage, what d we knw abut the early science fictin?
A.It arused peple's curisity f science n daily life.
B.It intensified peple's wrries abut the scial prblems.
C.It prmted peple's understanding f the true value f science.
D.It cnveyed an atmsphere f imaginary anxieties t peple.
〔4〕Which f the fllwing can be inferred frm the passage?
A.Despite the cntent, the theme f science fictin remains the same.
B.The fear f uter space attack has lng been a wrry amng peple f times.
C.The appearance f science fictin has caused misunderstanding amng peple.
D.Science fictin is weakening gvernment pwer implemented n peple.
五、任务型阅读
7.任务型阅读
Wh's in cntrl f yur life? Wh's pulling yur strings? ________We learned this way f perating when we were very yung, f curse. We were brainwashed. We discvered that feeling imprtant and feeling accepted was a nice experience and s we learned t d everything we culd t make ther peple like us. As Oscar Wilde puts it, mst peple are ther peple. Their thughts are smene else's pinins, their lives a mimicry (模仿), their passins a qutatin.〞
S when peple tell us hw wnderful we are, it makes us feel gd. We lng fr this gd feeling like a drug一we are addicted t it and seek it ut wherever we can. ________Just as drug addicts and alchlics live wrsened lives t keep getting their fix (成瘾物), we wrsen ur wn existence t get ur wn cnstant fix f apprval.
But just as with any drug, there is a price t pay. The price f the apprval drug is freedm-the freedm t be urselves. The truth is that we cannt cntrl what ther peple think. Peple have their wn schedule and they cme with their wn baggage and, in the end, they're mre interested in themselves than in yu. ________Everyne has different way f thinking, and peple change their pinins all the time. The persn wh tries t please everyne will nly end up getting exhausted and prbably pleasing n ne in the prcess.
S hw can we take back cntrl? ________We shuld guide urselves by means f a set f values-nt values impsed frm the utside by thers, but innate values which cme frm within. If we are driven by these values and nt by the changing pinins and value systems f thers, we will live a mre authentic, effective, purpseful and happy life.
A. I's the inner self brn in ur mind that is keeping us under cntrl.
B. Furthermre, if we try t live by the pinins f thers, we will build ur life n sinking sand.
C. As a matter f fact, peple smetimes fail t understand wh they are and where they are ging.
D. Fr the mst f us, it's ther peple-sciety, clleagues, friends, family r ur cmmunity.
E.I think there's nly ne way-make a cnscius decisin t stp caring what ther peple think.
F. Therefre, we are s eager fr the apprval f thers that we live unhappy and limited lives, failing t d the things we really want t.
六、概要写作
8.Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint'(s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
These days, its nt unusual t see middle-aged men cllecting Star Wars actin figures, ffice wrkers wearing Hell Kitty accessries, r celebrities like David Beckham playing with Leg bricks, it's becming mre and mre cmmn t see adult taking an interest in tys, cmic bks and the activities that are traditinally assciated with children. This phenmenn has given rise t a new wrd: kidult.
What lies behind the phenmenn? One is abut adults' nstalgia (怀旧)fr the carefree days f childhd, and this is especially true with tday's fast-paced, stressful lifestyles. Anther is abut a scietal change in recent decades where peple are starting families later. As a result, they have mre time and mney t spend n themselves. Sme adults culd nly windw-shp fr their dream tys when they were kids, but nw they can affrd that radi-cntrlled car r high-priced dll they have always wanted.
Sciety traditinally disapprves f adults wh refuse t put aside childhd interests, viewing the refusal as a sign f scial immaturity (不成熟) and irrespnsibility. Thse wh agree with this view smetimes claim that kidults are suffering frm the pp-psychlgy cncept knwn as Peter Pan Syndrme, an anmaly (异常) that peple remain emtinally at the level f teenagers.
Frm the standpint f kidults, thugh, this phenmenn is seen as nthing but harmless fun. Kidults insist that having yuthful interests keeps them yung, happy and creative, and their refusal t cnfrm t sciety's acccptable tastes shws independent thinking. Besides, they argue that being part f the scial trend f delayed adulthd is nt purely a persnal chice. The real causes include expensive husing, increased educatinal requirements fr emplyment and pr wrk pprtunities.
七、汉译英〔整句〕
9.天气这么好，周六去植物园野餐好吗？〔Why nt…〕(汉译英)
10.我现在比以前挣得多了，每月支付日常开销后还能存一些钱。〔make〕(汉译英)
11.我外婆眼力不济了，看不了太小的字，需要一部适合老年人的 。〔suitable〕(汉译英)
12.获得粉丝大量点赞后他感慨万千，回想起创业之初经历的种种磨难，他不禁失声痛哭。〔can't help〕(汉译英)
八、提纲类作文
13.Directins: Write an English cmpsitin in 120-150 wrds accrding t the instructins given belw in Chinese.
假设你是李华，你们学校将为学生开设一系列微课程，每人可以选择其中的一项参加课程包括“文学欣赏〞〔Literature Appreciatin〕、“厨艺〞〔Cking Skills〕和“野外生存〞〔Wilderness Survival Skills〕。你在英国留学的表哥Wilsn很关心你这次课程的选择。请你写E-mail给他，说说你选择的结果，并简要谈谈你这样选择的理由。
答案解析局部
一、用单词的适当形式完成短文
1.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人们对电子产品和科技的过分依赖，并探讨了如何修正这种病态的关系。
【点评】考查语法填空，此题考点涉及连词，时态语态，非谓语动词，定语从句，介词，代词，连词以及宾语从句等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的根底上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文
2.【解析】【分析】本文一篇说明文，介绍名人已经成为流行文化的重要代表之一，具有很大的市场潜力，但现在面临更严峻的现实困境：享受有名成功的同时，名人的每一次失误都会减少他们的知名度和产品销量。
【点评】考查选词填空，考查词汇在篇章中的运用能力，答题时首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握其大意，然后细读文章字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素。最后通读一遍检查验证。
三、完形填空
3.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过科学研究来说明猩猩与人类一样，随着年龄变大，他们所交的朋友类型也会发生变化，年老时喜欢选择少数几个亲近的又积极活泼的朋友。
【点评】考查完形填空，此题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的根底上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
四、阅读选择
4.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了校园欺凌的现象以及原因。
【点评】此题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜想和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
5.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了JOMO词条所代表的含义和它产生的背景。
【点评】此题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜想和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
5.(1)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“and is simply refers t the gratifying feeling yu get when yu break away frm the〔real r virtual〕activities f yur scial grup and spend time ding exactly what yu mst want t d.〞指的是当你从社交团体的(真实的或虚拟的)活动中脱离出来，花时间做自己最想做的事情时的那种满足感。可知，空格局部应与后文产生联系，所填内容应与满足感一词类似。所以JOMO指的是Jy f Missing Out，即错失的乐趣。应选B。
5.(2)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“JOMO is ften described as a resist against the hyper-cnnected sciety we live in, where technlgy pushes bth scial and prfessinal activity cnstantly in ur faces, s that it's virtually impssible t be happily unaware f what everyne else is ding. This ften frces us int spending time in ways which we wuldn't necessarily have chsen.〞JOMO经常被描述为对我们所生活的超连接社会的抵抗，在这个社会里，技术不断地把社交和专业活动推到我们面前，所以我们几乎不可能快乐地不知道其他人在做什么。这常常迫使我们把时间花在我们不一定会选择的事情上。可知，JOMO是一种迫使我我们把时间花在我们不一定会选择或喜欢的事情上，与C选项描述的比起晚宴邀请，你更愿意一个人呆在家中一致。应选C。
5.(3)考查词义猜想。根据第五段中的“the cnstant need t check yur phne r mistakenly thinking it's ringing. nhubbing, the related cnditin f being implite in scial situatins by checking yur phne, tablet, etc., and infbesity, cntinuus addictin t digital infrmatin in which affects yur ability t cncentrate.〞不停地查看 ，或者误以为 在响。nhubbing指在社交场合看 、平板电脑等不礼貌的行为，还有“信息肥胖〞，指持续沉迷于数字信息，影响注意力的行为。可知，这段话解释了“zeitgeist〞：技术的到来，人们产生的不好的行为感觉。应选A。
6.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科幻小说对其他文体的影响，并介绍其起源和现代科幻小说与以前的不同。
【点评】此题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
五、任务型阅读
7.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者在文章中告诉我们生活中很多人都在取悦他人，总是为他人而活，最后的结果往往不如之前预料。作者建议我们不要过度的关注他人看法，活出自己。
【点评】考查任务型阅读，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的根底上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
六、概要写作
8.【解析】【分析】这是一篇概要写作。写作步骤
1〕细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。童心未泯的成人指的是那些和童年时一样有兴趣的成年人。这种日益增长的现象可以解释为，他们渴望重获童年的快乐，而由于推迟结婚，这使他们有能力负担得起自己想要的玩具。虽然传统上被认为是不成熟和不负责任的，但童心未泯的成人认为这种无害的行为，有利于个人和显示他们的独立思考，这种现象很大程度上是由社会因素引起的。
2〕弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一局部的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。
3〕列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此根底上选出与文章主题密切相关的局部。
4〕在写作时要特别注意下面几点：
〔1〕概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。
〔2〕安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
〔3〕注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯穿全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。
〔4〕不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
〔5〕计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动饱满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，表达了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如：Kidults refer t adults wh take up childhd interests. 运用了限制性定语从句；The grwing phenmenn can be explained by their desire t recapture childhd pleasures and their ability t affrd them because f delayed marriage. 运用了被动语态；Thugh traditinally cnsidered immature and irrespnsible, kidults believe this harmless behavir, which benefits the individuals and shws their independent thinking, is due largely t scial factrs.运用了宾语从句，非限制性定语从句。
七、汉译英〔整句〕
9.【解析】【分析】Why nt...，为什么不……，后接动词原形；btanic garden植物园。句中先行词为this Saturday，在定语从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导。根据句意可知，用一般现在时。根据句意，故答案为Why nt g t the btanic garden fr picnic this Saturday when we have such fine weather?
【点评】考查汉译英，此题涉及一般现在时，限制性定语从句。
10.【解析】【分析】make mney 挣钱；save mney 省钱；daily expense日常开销。根据句中时间状语nw可知，用现在进行时。表示“存钱〞用save sme mney；表示“支付日常开销〞用pay the daily expenses，介词after后接动名词形式。根据句意，故答案为I'm making mre mney nw than befre, and I can save sme mney after paying the daily expenses every mnth.
【点评】考查汉译英，此题涉及现在进行时，固定短语make mney ，save mney和daily expense。
11.【解析】【分析】t ... t...太……以至于不能……；be suitable fr 适合，在句中作定语，修饰名词mbile phne； the elderly老年人。陈述现在事实，用一般现在时。根据句意，故答案为My grandma's eyesight is t pr t read small wrds, s she needs a mbile phne suitable fr the elderly/ld peple.
【点评】考查汉译英，本踢谁一般现在时以及固定短语be suitable fr。
12.【解析】【分析】 a lt f 许多；be filled with 充满； can't help ding情不自禁的做某事；cry ut大哭；all kinds f 各种各样的；at the beginning f 起初； 开始。从句的主语与主句的主语一致，所以从句省略主语和谓语he was。when当……时候，引导时间状语从句。主句陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。从句用过去进行时，表示过去在某一时间段或某一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作或状态。根据句意，故答案为After receiving a lt f praise frm his fans, he was filled with different emtins and culdn't help crying ut lud when he was recalling all kinds f hardships at the beginning f his business.
【点评】考查汉译英，此题涉及一般过去时，时间状语从句以及固定短语be filled with ，can't help ding。
八、提纲类作文
13.【解析】【分析】此题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以李华的身份写E-mail给英国留学的表哥Wilsn，说说你选课的结果，并简要谈谈你这样选择的理由。写作背景：们学校将为学生开设一系列微课程，每人可以选择其中的一项参加课程包括“文学欣赏〞〔Literature Appreciatin〕、“厨艺〞〔Cking Skills〕和“野外生存〞〔Wilderness Survival Skills〕。Wilsn很关心你这次课程的选择。 提示中的内容比拟泛泛，需要适当补充。此题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：I have learnt that ur schl will be pen new train curses t satisfy ur needs, including Literature Appreciatin, Cking Skills and Wilderness Survival Skills. 运用了宾语从句，被动语态；Mst prjects f Wilderness Survival Skills are designed t imprve the quality f peple's psychlgy, t imprve self-cntrl ability f students t cntinually vercme the psychlgical fear, t challenge themselves, vercme themselves and shape the gd will quality f calm, reslute, indmitable.运用了被动语态； Obviusly, Wilderness Survival Skills can achieve educatinal gals f psychlgical and scial adaptatin, which, fr the lng run, pays ff and benefits us fr a life-lng term.运用了非限制性定语从句。A. ptential B. limitless C. attached D. initial E. prmtin F. appeal
G. expand H. equal I. recgnitin J. threaten K. practice
1. A. physical
B. intellectual
C. emtinal
D. functinal
2. A. habits
B. friends
C. tasks
D. ideas
3. A. prblem
B. bstacle
C. struggle
D. behaviur
4. A. established
B. respective
C. experienced
D. thughtful
5. A. skills
B. reputatins
C. interactins
D. psitins
6. A. intelligence
B. relatinships
C. ppularity
D. perfrmances
7. A. easy-ging
B. warm-hearted
C. self-relying
D. ne-sided
8. A. respect fr
B. curage t
C. interest in
D. lyalty t
9. A. patterns
B. imprtance
C. meanings
D. develpment
10. A. instinct
B. disadvantage
C. feature
D. belief
11. A. respnsibility
B. aggressin
C. reliability
D. advancement
12. A. delighted
B. amused
C. relived
D. puzzled
13. A. unknwn
B. psitive
C. insecure
D. senseless
14. A. lack
B. btain
C. imitate
D. abandn
15. A. absence frm
B. islatin frm
C. decrease in
D. distinctin in
Welcme t the nline Macmillan Dictinary f the BUZZWORD f the mnth.
Wrd entry-JOMO
JOMO is an acrnym (首字母缩略词) standing fr the expressin , and is simply refers t the gratifying feeling yu get when yu break away frm the〔real r virtual〕activities f yur scial grup and spend time ding exactly what yu mst want t d.
JOMO is ften described as a resist against the hyper-cnnected sciety we live in, where technlgy pushes bth scial and prfessinal activity cnstantly in ur faces, s that it's virtually impssible t be happily unaware f what everyne else is ding. This ften frces us int spending time in ways which we wuldn't necessarily have chsen. JOMO then, is abut stepping ff the scial fashin and recnnecting with what really makes us happy.
Backgrund-JOMO
The cncept f JOMO first appeared in 2021, its early use ften credited t blgger Anil Dash wh, having t withdraw frm bth n-and ffline activity fr a perid after the birth f his sn. realized that he'd enjyed himself greatly and didn't feel he'd missed ut n anything at all.
JOMO is a play n the earlier acrnym FOMO, meaning "fear f missing ut", which is used t describe the feeling f anxiety that peple experience when they discver, ften via scial media, that they've let g n a scial event r ther psitive experience.
The existence f expressins like JOMO suggest that, althugh we're unlikely t resist technlgy cmpletely, the mre deeply we immerse〔沉浸〕in it, the mre we're beginning t evaluate its hld n us. Other newly created cmbined wrds reflecting this zeitgeist include ringxiety. the cnstant need t check yur phne r mistakenly thinking it's ringing. nhubbing, the related cnditin f being implite in scial situatins by checking yur phne, tablet, etc., and infbesity, cntinuus addictin t digital infrmatin in which affects yur ability t cncentrate.
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