高考英语真题和模拟题分类汇编20语法填空含解析

这是一份高考英语真题和模拟题分类汇编20语法填空含解析，共22页。试卷主要包含了 was built， in/during， t walk， spending， better， hired， but， the等内容，欢迎下载使用。
专题20 语法填空
I、2021年高考真题

（2021·全国甲卷·语法填空）
The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It ___1___ (build) originally to protect the city ___2___ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). It is possible ___3___ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.
After ___4___ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what ___5___ (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
We ___6___ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky ___7___ did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all ___8___ way around the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and ___9___ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their ____10____ (day) routines.
【答案】
1. was built
2. in/during
3. to walk
4. spending
5. better
6. hired
7. but
8. the
9. watchtowers
10. daily
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者游览西安长城的活动。
1.考查被动语态。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。分析句子可知，空格处为谓语，动词build和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态（be done），根据句意和时间状语the Tang dynasty可知，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，主语it为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填was built。
2.考查介词。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。根据句意可知，表示“在某个朝代”可用介词in/during。故填in/during。
3.考查动词不定式。句意：在观察了城墙上所有的防御设备后，我们决定是时候采取行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处为句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.”，it为形式主语，动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。
4.考查动名词。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处After为介词，故spend应用其动名词形式作介词宾语。故填spending。
5.考查形容词比较级。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。根据后文比较连（介）词than可知，此处应用形容词good的比较级。故填better。
6.考查时态。句意：我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词，根据上下文可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填hired。
7.考查连词。句意：我的自行车又旧又摇摇晃晃，但还可以骑。后文did the job和前文My bike was old and shaky之间存在转折关系，故用表示转折的连词but连接。故填but。
8.考查冠词。句意：我们绕着西安城墙走了大约3个小时。结合句意表示“一直；完全地”可知短语为all the way，故用定冠词the限定名词way。故填the。
9.考查名词复数。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词different可知，此处可数名词watchtower是复数概念，应用其复数形式。故填watchtowers。
10.考查形容词。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。修饰后文名词routines应用day的形容词daily，作定语，修饰名词。故填daily。

（2021·全国乙卷·语法填空）
Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影响)travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become ___1___ (educate)about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ___2___(develop)of the local areas.
Ecotourism has ___3___(it)origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept ___4___ the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.
Due to ___5___ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types ___6___ trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:
·Minimize the impact of ___7___(visit)the place.
·Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.
·Provide ___8___(finance)aid and other benefits for local peoples.
·Make sure that the tourism provides experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity.___9___(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim ____10____(have) a low impact on the natural environment.
【答案】
1. educated
2. development
3. its
4. until
5. the
6. of
7. visiting
8. financial
9. Activities
10. to have
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述生态旅游通常被认为是到原始地区的低影响旅游。但是由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。实际上，生态旅游必须满足一些规定。
1.考查非谓语动词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。分析句子成分可知，educate与traveler之间为被动关系，应用过去分词，故填educated。
2.考查名词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词the可知，此处填入名词development来做动词benefits的宾语。故填development。
3.考查代词。句意：生态旅游起源于20世纪70年代的环境运动。根据空格后名词origin可知，此处形容词性物主代词来修饰名词origin。故填its。
4.考查固定句型。句意：直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受。根据句意可知，此处表示“直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受”，表示“直到……才……”使用固定句型“not……until……”。故填until。
5.考查冠词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填冠词。再结合空格后“growing popularity of environmental-related and adventure travel”可知，此处特指与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，所以应填定冠词the。故填the。
6.考查介词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。various types of 为固定搭配表示“各种各样的”，所以空格处应填of。故填of。
7.考查动名词。句意：最大限度地减少拜访这个地方的影响。根据空格前介词of可知，空格处应填动名词形式来作介词of的宾语。故填visiting。
8.考查形容词。句意：为当地人民提供财政援助和其他福利。根据空后名词aid可知，空格处应填形容词来修饰名词aid，finance的形容词形式为financial。故填financial。
9.考查名词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。根据谓语动词range可知，空格处应填用可数名词activity的复数形式作主语。故填Activities。
10考查非谓语动词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。固定短语aim to do译为“旨在，目的是”。故填to have。

（2021·新高考I卷·语法填空）
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song“The Long and Winding Road”. ___1____is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ____2____ (human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will ____3___(undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ____4____ (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us ___5____(astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ____6____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure ___7____offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ____8____ (ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ____9____(I).While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is ____10____ must to visit!
【答案】
1. What
2. humans
3. undoubtedly
4. hotter
5. astonished
6. was
7. and
8. aching
9. mine
10. a
【解析】本文属于说明文。文章介绍黄山的三种代表性的事物——云海，温泉以及台阶。
1.考查主语从句。句意：这次经历的惊人之处在于这世界之外的景色。此处是主语从句，从句缺乏主语，应用what引导，指代“经历的事情”。故填What。
2.考查名词复数。句意：当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海，你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。human是we的同位语，we为复数，应用human的复数形式。故填humans。
3.考查副词。句意：它无疑会帮助你恢复精神！修饰动词help，应用副词undoubtedly“毫无疑问地”。故填undoubtedly。
4.考查形容词比较级。句意：关于黄山温泉让人惊讶的是，气温越低，温泉越暖和。此处是固定结构“the +比较级，the+比较级”，意为“越……，越……”。故填hotter。
5.考查非谓语动词。句意：但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”，补充说明宾语us的感受，应用-ed结尾非谓语动词。故填astonished。
6.考查一般过去时。句意：你不禁会想，对当时的人们来说，把这些石头都安置好有多难。分析句子可知，“how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的宾语，it是从句的形式主语，不定式为真正主语，谓语动词用单数形式，安置台阶的石头为陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填was。
7.考查连词。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子可知，“highlights the whole adventure”与“offers a place”部分为并列关系，都是作it的谓语，故用并列连词and。
8.考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子及语境可知，此处应用现在分词aching“疼痛的”修饰名词legs，意为“疼痛的双腿”。故填aching。
9.考查代词。句意：正如歌中所唱，这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”，它将永远留在游客的记忆中。对我来说确实如此。根据前一句“it will always stick in the visitor's memory”可知，本句为does指代前一句的stick，本句缺乏宾语，应用名词性物主代词mine指代my memory。故填mine。
10考查冠词。句意：当你在中国的时候，黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must作名词时，意为“绝对必要的事物”，为可数名词，此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”，应用不定冠词，must是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a。故填a。

（2021·浙江卷·语法填空）
It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, ___1___ （prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. Beautifully restored（修复）to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln's home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it ___2___ $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ___3___ （marry）ceremony in 1842.
When the house was built, it was much __4___ （small）than it is today. Mary's niece wrote, "The little home ___5___ （paint）white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of __6___ （she）, everything in good taste and in perfect order.
Although Mary loved flowers, ___7___ she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long- time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over ___8___ （plant）flowers in the front yard.
___9___ Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and ____10____ （sell）most of their furniture.
【答案】
1. has proved/has proven
2. for
3. marriage
4. smaller
5. was painted
6. herself
7. neither
8. to plant
9. The
10. sold
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了美国总统林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的老房子的变迁历史。
1.考查动词时态。句意：它不像乔治华盛顿在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下深刻印象，但林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家，自从向公众开放以来，就被证明对游客来说是不可抗拒的。分析句子成分可知，设空处作谓语动词，Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois作主语；结合句意及设空处后的时间状语从句since it opened to the public可知，此处指过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，符合现在完成时概念，故设空处用现在完成时；现在完成时结构是has/have +过去分词；主语Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has，提示词prove 的过去分词形式是proved或proven。故填 has proved/ has proven。
2.考查介词。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合句意可知，此处考查固定短语buy sth. for +价格，意为“以……价格买某物”。故填for。
3.考查名词。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词可知，此处要用名词形式；结合设空处后的ceremony，可知此处意为“婚礼”；提示词marry意为“婚姻”，其名词形式为marriage，marriage ceremony意为“婚礼”。故填marriage。
4.考查形容词。句意：这栋房子建成时比现在小得多。结合设空前的much和设空后的than可知，此处考查形容词比较级固定结构much+比较级+than，提示词small的比较级形式为smaller。故填smaller。
5.考查被动语态。句意：这个小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语动词，The little home作主语。结合句意及常识可知，房子是“被漆”的，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；根据上文的was built可知，此处为一般过去时态；一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词；主语The little home是单数第三人称，所以要用was，提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。
6.考查代词。句意：她非常漂亮，她的房子是她自己的写照，一切都很有品位，井井有条。根据句意可知，此处意为“她自己”，可知此处考查反身代词；提示词she的反身代词是herself。故填herself。
7.考查连词。句意：虽然玛丽喜欢花，但她和她的丈夫都不是有名的园丁。根据句意可知，此处考查连词结构“neither…nor…”，意为“既不……也不……”。故填neither。
8.考查动词不定式。句意：玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝·托德·华莱士经常来前院种花。分析句子结构可知，设空处作状语；根据句意可知，此处是目的状语；目的状语用动词不定式表示；提示词plant的不定式形式为to plant。故填to plant。
9.考查冠词。句意：林肯夫妇在1856年把房子扩大到了整整两层，以满足他们日益增长的家庭的需要。根据句意可知，此处意为“林肯一家”；根据设空后的Lincolns可知，此处考查“the+姓氏复数”，表示夫妇俩，或者一家人。设空处位于句首，所以首字母要大写。故填The。
10.考查动词时态。句意：1861年林肯当选美国总统后，他们租了房子，卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知，设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语；根据时间状语1861可知，此处用一般过去时态，提示词sell的过去式形式是sold。故填sold。
II、2021年高考模拟试题

（2021·诸暨市5月模拟·语法填空）
If you take a look around your kitchen or office, chances are ___1___ you’ll notice that you are surrounded by plastic water bottles, take-out cups, plastic grocery bags and food packages. These are all examples of single-use plastic products, which is ___2___ hot topic based on both environmental and health concerns.
It’s certainly not realistic ___3___ (remove) all plastic from your life, but some statistics may encourage you to reduce your single-use plastic footprints.
The popularity of plastic, which ___4___ (begin) rising in the 1950s, is growing out of control—18.2 trillion pounds of plastic has been produced. And there is no sign of slowing down. Scientists say that another 26.5 trillion pounds will be produced worldwide ___5___ 2050.
Every piece of plastic ___6___ (create) will remain in the environment in some form, but if you conveniently throw it out, wind and run-off carry the waste down the sewer(污水管) and directly to the ocean, ___7__ (affect) the marine life including the fish, a main source of food for ___8___ (human).
So focused ___9___ (be) the society on making people’s life more convenient in the short term, but in the long run, those everyday conveniences are at the expense of our health. Worried about ____10____ (globe) warming? You should be.
【答案】
1. that
2. a
3. to remove
4. began
5. by
6. created
7. affecting
8. humans
9. is
10. global
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了塑料生产超出控制以及塑料对环境造成了广泛影响的问题。
1.考查固定句型。句意：如果你看看你的厨房或办公室，很有可能你会注意到你周围都是塑料水瓶、外卖杯、塑料购物袋和食品包装袋。结合句意表示“很有可能……”句型为chances are that…。故填that。
2.考查冠词。句意：这些都是一次性塑料产品的例子，这是一个基于环境和健康问题的热门话题。topic为可数名词，此处表泛指应用不定冠词，且hot是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用a。故填a。
3.考查非谓语动词。句意：把所有的塑料从你的生活中去除当然不现实，但一些统计数据可能鼓励你减少一次性塑料足迹。此处为句型“it be adj. to do sth.”，it作形式主语，不定式为真正主语。故填to remove。
4.考查动词时态。句意：从20世纪50年代开始，塑料越来越受欢迎，但现在已经超出了控制——人们生产了18.2万亿磅塑料。根据后文“in the 1950s”可知应用一般过去时。故填began。
5.考查介词。句意：科学家们表示，到2050年，全球将再生产26.5万亿磅。此处表示“到……之前”应用介词by，故填by。
6.考查非谓语动词。句意：每一块被制造出来的塑料都将以某种形式留在环境中，但如果你图方便把它扔掉，风和径流就会把垃圾带入下水道，直接流入海洋，影响海洋生物，包括鱼类，人类的主要食物来源。分析句子结构可知create在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语plastic构成被动关系，故应用过去分词作定语。故填created。
7.考查非谓语动词。句意：每一块被制造出来的塑料都将以某种形式留在环境中，但如果你图方便把它扔掉，风和径流就会把垃圾带入下水道，直接流入海洋，影响海洋生物，包括鱼类，人类的主要食物来源。分析句子结构可知affect在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与上文句子构成主动关系，故应用现在分词作状语。故填affecting。
8.考查名词数。句意：每一块被制造出来的塑料都将以某种形式留在环境中，但如果你图方便把它扔掉，风和径流就会把垃圾带入下水道，直接流入海洋，影响海洋生物，包括鱼类，人类的主要食物来源。human为可数名词，此处表示“人类”应用复数形式。故填humans。
9.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：所以社会关注的是使人们的生活更方便在短期内，但从长远来看，这些日常便利是以我们的健康为代价的。根据后文“those everyday conveniences are at the expense of our health”可知应用一般现在时，此处为部分倒装，主语为the society，谓语动词用单数。故填is。
10.考查形容词。句意：担心全球变暖吗？空处需填形容词作定语，修饰名词warming。结合句意表示“全球变暖”可知短语为global warming。故填global。

（2021·成都三诊·语法填空）
It seems that people in western countries are becoming increasingly___1___(worry) about the side effects of drugs, and are turning to various ___2___ (treatment) such as yoga, reflexology and acupuncture (针灸) to complement, or sometimes even replace, western medicine.
___3___event in my life three or four years ago made me examine my own attitudes towards alternative medicine. After ___4___ (suffer) from insomnia (失眠) for a few months, I was feeling mentally and physically exhausted. My friend Tony, who___5___ (study) acupuncture at a college near London at the time, suggested that I visit an acupuncturist. Since I had a fear of needles, I was ___6___(willing) to take his advice. But by this time I was so tired that I was prepared to try almost anything.
I made an ___7___(appoint) with the acupuncturist in my area and turned up at his room the following morning. After taking my pulse, looking at my tongue, and asking a few questions ___8___my diet and lifestyle, the acupuncturist correctly reasoned that I was worn-out. I found this extremely impressive since he hadn't asked me ___9___ I had come to see him. He then inserted a needle in my right foot between my first and second toe, and, despite my anxiety, I fell asleep ___10___ (immediate). At the time I considered the whole experience to be close to a miracle.
【答案】
1. worried
2. treatments
3. An
4. suffering
5. was studying
6. unwilling
7. appointment
8. about
9. why
10. immediately
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的一次针灸经历，让作者审视了自己对替代医学的态度。
1.考查非谓语动词。句意：西方国家的人们似乎越来越担心药物的副作用，并开始寻求瑜伽、反射学和针灸等各种疗法来补充，有时甚至取代西医。此处是指人们担心药物的副作用，应用过去分词worried表示“担心的”。故填worried。
2.考查名词复数。句意：西方国家的人们似乎越来越担心药物的副作用，并开始寻求瑜伽、反射学和针灸等各种疗法来补充，有时甚至取代西医。treatment意为“疗法”，为可数名词，在various后应用复数形式。故填treatments。
3.考查不定冠词。句意：三四年前的一件事让我审视了自己对替代医学的态度。此处是第一次提及event，所以应用泛指。event的开头发音为元音音素，所以应用an。故填An。
4.考查非谓语动词。句意：在遭受了几个月的失眠后，我感到身心疲惫。在介词after后应用动名词作宾语。故填suffering。
5.考查动词时态。句意：我的朋友托尼当时正在伦敦附近的一所大学学习针灸，他建议我去看一名针灸师。根据at the time可知，此处应用过去进行时。故填was studying。
6.考查形容词反义词。句意：因为我害怕打针，所以我不愿意接受他的建议。根据“Since I had a fear of needles”可知，“我”不愿意接受他的建议。应用willing的反义词unwilling表示“不愿意的”。故填unwilling。
7.考查名词。句意：我预约了我所在地区的针灸师，第二天早上去了他的房间。在冠词an后应用名词。make an appointment意为“预约”。故填appointment。
8.考查介词。句意：针灸医生量了量我的脉搏，看了看我的舌头，问了几个关于我的饮食和生活方式的问题，然后正确地推断出我疲惫不堪。此处是指关于我的饮食和生活方式的问题，应用介词about表示“关于”。故填about。
9.考查宾语从句。句意：我觉得这非常令人印象深刻，因为他还没有问过我为什么来见他。在宾语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，且根据asked可知，此处是指询问“我”为什么来见他，所以应用连接副词why。故填why。
10.考查副词。句意：然后他在我右脚的第一个和第二个脚趾之间插了一根针，尽管我很焦虑，我还是马上睡着了。修饰动词fell，应用副词。故填immediately。

（2021·台州市4月调考·语法填空）
My friend has a sweater that her uncle bought in the 1970s. That sweater is still going strong and she wears it everywhere. Well-made, long-lasting clothing is_____1_____ we should buy and wear. In reality, however,60% of clothing nowadays _____2_____(abandon)within a year of purchase, which produces vast quantities of waste that global landfills (垃圾填埋场) are struggling_____3_____ (absorb).
If we choose long-lasting clothes, it helps solve two key______4______ (issue) at once-overconsumption and the declining quality of many clothes in stores these days. A focus on quality would make us likely to pay ______5______(much) for better-made items, which would reduce the desire to keep shopping, while slowing demand for fast fashion overall.
You could buy secondhand clothing, too, as____6_____ useful way to extend the lifespan (寿命) of items already_____7_____ (create). But I've come to think that whether you buy something new or used ____8____ (matter) less if you commit to keeping clothes in use for decades. The same goes for____9____(nature) fibers; this xkw quality counts, of course,______10______it is less important if you throw away clothes within a few months from time of purchase. The most important thing is to make them last.
【答案】
1. what
2. is abandoned
3. to absorb
4. issues
5. more
6. a
7. created
8. matters/will matter
9. natural
10. but
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了由于快时尚的兴起，人们产生了大量的衣物垃圾，这对于环境来说极为不利的，因此文章呼吁大家购买耐用的衣物，也可以购买二手，实现物品的价值最大化。
1.考查表语从句。句意：我们应该购买和穿质量好，耐穿的衣物。分析句子可知，此处为表语从句，从句中的buy 和wear缺少宾语，故用连接代词what。
2.考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：事实上，如今60%的衣物在购买一年之后就被遗弃了，产生了大量的垃圾，对此全球的垃圾填满厂都在努力处理。分析句子可知，本句缺少谓语，abandon与主语clothing为动宾关系，故用被动语态，clothing为不可数名词，陈述的是客观事实，故用一般现在时的单数，故用is abandoned。
3.考查动词不定式。句意：事实上，如今60%的衣物在购买一年之后就被遗弃了，产生了大量的垃圾，对此全球的垃圾填满厂都在努力处理。分析句子可知，本句为struggle的用法struggle to do努力做，故用不定式作宾语，故用to absorb。
4.考查名词。句意：我们购买耐穿的衣物的话，在一度过度消费和衣物质量下降的今日，可以解决两个关键问题。two后接可数名词复数，issue的复数形式为issues，故用issues。
5.考查比较级。句意：对衣物质量的关注让我们在高品质的衣物上可能花费的更多，这将减少持续购物的欲望，同时也减慢对快时尚的需求。根据句意可知，高品质的衣物价格更高，此处应用比较级形式，与空后的better-made相对应，故用more。
6.考查冠词。句意：你也可以买二手衣服，一种可以有效延长物品使用寿命的方式。分析句子可知，way为可数名词，第一次提及，用不定冠词表泛指，由于前有useful修饰，辅音音素开头，故用a。
7.考查过去分词。句意：你也可以买二手衣服，一种可以有效延长物品使用寿命的方式。分析句子可知，create修饰items作后置定语，与其为动宾关系，故用过去分词形式，故用created。
8.考查动词时态。句意：我意识到，如果你尽可能发挥物品的价值，那么是否买新的还是二手的都没那么重要。分析句子可知， “whether you buy something new or used ”为主语，本句缺少谓语，与主语为主谓关系，故用主动语态，客观陈述自己的观点，用一般现在时，主语为句子，谓语动词用单数，故可用matters ；由于后面条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来，主句需用一般将来时，故也可用will matter。
9.考查形容词。句意：对于天然的纤维制品也是如此，质量很重要。但是如果买了几个月就扔掉的话，质量就没那么重要。分析句子可知，修饰名词fibers用形容词，故用natural。
10.考查连词。句意：对于天然的纤维制品也是如此，质量很重要。但是如果买了几个月就扔掉的话，质量就没那么重要。分析句子可知，前一句强调品质的重要性，后一句阐述某些条件下，质量就变得没那么重要，前后句属于转折关系，故用but。

（2021·东北三校二模·语法填空）
In China, food deliverymen are always in a rush between traffic regardless of wind or rain. ____1____ they make our life more convenient, this can come at ____2____ cost for them. On food delivery service platforms, the time limit is calculated by an algorithm （算法）.But it doesn't consider real-life ____3____（ situation）, such as red lights and speed limits. For deliverymen, delay means a decrease in pay. So they speed up and often break traffic rules, ____4____ （put） not only their own lives at risk, but also the lives of others. Many people scolded and asked the platforms to improve the regulations on delivery. ____5____ response, Eleme announced it would add a button to the app, ____6____ allows customers to extend the time limit. But this created more ____7____（ heat） debate, as some felt the company was distracting attention. The Shanghai Customer Council commented that the move was not reasonable, adding that the problems should ____8____（settle） between the companies and their employees. Also, even with the ability ____9____（ allow） more time for delivery, some users felt this would not _____10_____ （full） address the problems.
【答案】
1. Although/Though/While
2. a
3. situations
4. putting
5. In
6. which
7. heated
8. be settled
9. to allow
10. fully
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述快递员由于受平台时间限制经常违反交通规则，威胁自己和他人的生命，许多人批评并要求快递平台完善规则，Eleme宣布将在应用程序中添加一个按钮，允许用户延长时间限制，引起更多热议。
1.考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然他们使我们的生活更方便，但他们要付出很大代价。分析句子可知，设空处引导的是让步状语从句，设空处为引导词，故填Although/Though/While。
2.考查固定短语。句意：同上。分析句子可知，短语at a cost，意为“以......为代价”，根据句意，故填a。
3.考查名词。句意：但它没有考虑现实生活中的情况，如红灯和限速。分析句子可知，设空处为consider的宾语，应用名词，描述的是各种现实情况，应用复数形式，故填situations。
4.考查现在分词。句意：所以他们加速，经常违反交通规则，不仅把自己的生命置于危险之中，也把他人的生命置于危险之中。分析句子可知，设空处为非谓语动词，作状语，和主语之间是主动关系，应用put的现在分词，故填putting。
5.考查固定短语。句意：作为回应，Eleme宣布将在应用程序中添加一个按钮，允许用户延长时间限制。短语in response，意为“作为回应”，根据句意，故填In。
6.考查定语从句。句意：同上。分析句子可知，____6____ allows customers to extend the time limit为非限制性定语从句，设空处为引导词，指代前面的句子，故填which。
7.考查形容词。 句意：但这引发了更激烈的争论，因为一些人认为该公司分散了人们的注意力。分析句子可知，设空处修饰名词，应用heat的形容词作定语，故填heated。
8.考查语态。 句意：上海客户协会评论说，此举不合理，并补充说，问题应该在公司和员工之间解决。分析句子可知，设空处为谓语，接在情态动词should后，应用动词原形，主语和谓语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填be settled。
9.考查不定式。 句意：此外，即使有能力允许更多的时间投递，一些用户认为这不能完全解决问题。the ability to do sth“有做某事的能力”，故填to allow。
10.考查副词。 句意：同上。分析句子可知，设空处修饰动词address，应用full的副词形式作状语，故填fully。

（2021·齐齐哈尔市二模·语法填空）
Getting around the city when you are six months pregnant and have a two-year-old girl can be really ____1____ (challenge). One spring afternoon, we went to one of the grocery ___2___(store) nearby to buy some food. There was no sign of rain ____3____ the store was just around the corner, so we went there without an umbrella. However, when we were about to leave the store)the rain came in full force and the streets ____4____ (cover) with water within minutes.
I noticed a young Chinese couple staring at ____5____ (we) when we came to a crossroad and were waiting for the light to change ____6____ (patient). I figured they were probably wondering ____7____ a pregnant foreigner was dragging her little kid out through the rain. But as we crossed the street, the woman offered me her umbrella. I declined but she handed it to me and hurried off with her husband.
Though ____8____ (catch) in the rain unexpectedly, we still treasure ____9____ memory and will remember the warmth and____10____ (kind) of the Chinese couple forever.
【答案】
1. challenging
2. stores
3. and
4. were covered
5. us
6. patiently
7. why
8. caught
9. the
10. kindness
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一对年轻的中国夫妇宁可自己淋雨，也要把雨伞让给怀孕的“老外”和她的两岁女儿的故事。
1.考查形容词。句意：句意：当你怀孕6个月并且带着一个两岁大的女儿时，在城里到处走是非常有挑战性的。分析可知，此处应用形容词作表语，结合句意challenging“有挑战的”符合语境。故填challenging。
2.考查名词的数。句意：一个春日的下午，我们去其中的一个杂货铺购买食物。此处为“one of+可数名词复数”结构，故应用所给名词store的复数形式。故填stores。
3.考查并连词。句意：当时没有下雨的迹象，并且商店就在拐角处，因此我们没有带伞就过去了。根据句意可知，“There was no sign of rain ”和“the store was just around the corner”是并列关系，应用and连接。故填and。
4.考查时态和语态。句意：然而，当我们准备离开商店时，大雨倾盆，街道几分钟内就被雨水覆盖了。分析可知，此处为and并列句的谓语动词，结合语境和上文的came可知为一般过去时，主语streets和cover之间为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，故填were covered。
5.考查代词。句意：当我们去十字路口耐心等着交通灯（变绿）时，我注意到一对年轻的中国夫妇看着我们。分析可知，此处应用we的宾格作介词at的宾语。故填us。
6.考查副词。句意：当我们去十字路口耐心等着交通灯（变绿）时，我注意到一对年轻的中国夫妇看着我们。此处应用副词修饰动词短语waiting for。故填patiently。
7.考查名词性从句。句意：我认为他们可能在想为什么一个外国孕妇拽着她的小孩在雨里走。分析可知，设空处引导宾语从句，从句成分完整，但缺少“为什么”之意，应用连接副词why引导。故填why。
8.考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管意外地被困在雨里，但我们仍然珍惜这份记忆，并且永远记得这对中国夫妇的温暖和善良。分析可知，此处应用非谓语动词和though构成让步状语，catch和逻辑主语we之间是被动关系，应用过去分词。故填caught。
9.考查冠词。句意：尽管意外地被困在雨里，但我们仍然珍惜这份记忆，并且永远记得这对中国夫妇的温暖和善良。结合句意可知，此处特指这对中国夫妇借伞给作者的记忆，应用定冠词。故填the。
10.考查名词。句意：尽管意外地被困在雨里，但我们仍然珍惜这份记忆，并且永远记得这对中国夫妇的温暖和善良。分析可知，此处应填名词和warmth并列作remember的宾语。故填kindness。

（2021·齐齐哈尔市三模·语法填空）
Bright and colorful Beijing Opera faces appear on a computer screen, A teacher asks the students, “Shall we go to see Beijing Opera?” This is the scene of ___1___ online Chinese class in India’s Mumbai. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread, online Chinese learning on a ___2___ (various) of platforms is gaining popularity locally.
Eighteen year-old Drashti Gala from Mumbai is one of many online Chinese ___3___ (learner) and even has a Chinese name Tang Dashi. Actually, all three sisters in her family ___4___ (begin) learning Chinese after their father offered the suggestion. Within a short space of time, she has ___5___ (successful) passed HSK3 (Level 3 of the International Chinese Proficiency Test) and is now preparing for the higher-level exams. At first, some students were hesitant as they were not used to___6___ (study) online, but now they realize that online learning means they can save time ___7___ would have been spent on traveling. Drashti has also tried to improve her Chinese by translating some ancient Chinese poems into Hindi (印地语).
Most Chinese training institutions in Mumbai have been moved online due to the lockdown. Some people ___8___ charge said, “Compared to traditional classroom teaching, our online courses are more convenient and easier ___9___ (conduct), and the cost of renting classrooms _____10_____ (save) too. So online learning is popular.”
【答案】
1. an
2. variety
3. learners
4. began
5. successfully
6. studying
7. which/that
8. in
9. to conduct
10. is saved
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在线汉语学习在印度孟买当地大受欢迎的情况。
1.考查冠词。句意：这是印度孟买一节在线汉语课的场景。此处泛指“一节在线汉语课的场景”，应使用不定冠词，online是以元音音素开头的词，应使用an。故填an。
2.考查固定短语。句意：随着新冠肺炎疫情的持续蔓延，多平台汉语在线学习在当地流行起来。结合句意和所学知识，“a variety of+名词”为固定短语，意为“各种各样的，多种多样的（东西）”。故填variety。
3.考查名词复数。句意：来自孟买的18岁的Drashti Gala是众多在线汉语学习者之一。one of后加复数名词，意为“……之一”，应使用名词复数形式。故填learners。
4.考查动词时态。句意：事实上，在他们的爸爸提出建议之后，她家里的三姐妹都开始学起了汉语。根据语境，“开始学习汉语”这一动作发生在过去，应使用一般过去时。故填began。
5.考查副词。句意：在很短的时间内，她成功通过了国际汉语水平测试三级（HSK3），目前正在准备更高级别的考试。。应使用副词“成功地”来修饰动词“通过”。故填successfully。
6.考查非谓语动词。句意：一开始，一些学生很犹豫，因为他们不习惯在网上学习，但现在他们认识到，在线学习意味着他们能将本会花在路上的时间节省下来。根据句意可知，此处是固定短语be used to(习惯于)后应接动词名词。故填studying。
7.考查定语从句。句意同上。分析句子结构可知，time之后为一个限制性定语从句，修饰名词time，在从句中做主语，应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which或that。
8.考查介词。句意同上。根据句意可知，此处是固定短语in charge意为“负责，主管”。故填in。
9.考查固定句型。句意同上。根据句意可知，此处是“be+adj.+to do”结构，动词不定式的主动形式表被动关系（例如：The homework is easy to do）。故填to conduct。
10.考查动词时态及语态。句意同上。the cost(成本，不可数)与动词save构成被动关系，同时前后语境为一般现在时。故填is saved。

（2021·齐齐哈尔市一模·语法填空）
Guozhuang dance is a favorite collective bonfire dance（集体篝火舞）of Tibetans, allowing people to show respect to nature.
Wandering in the old town of Dukezong in ___1___ daytime, one can always see elderly Tibetans dancing in a circle while ___2___ （sing） traditional Tibetan songs. When dusk ___3___（fall）, Tibetan youths, after finishing a full day's work or study, will come outdoors to dance with a ___4___ （fast） pace and more joyful music.
“Guozhuang dance ___5___ （be） about paying respect to nature since ancient times, but now when we dance, it is more about recording and passing down our ethnic（民族的〉memory and tradition with every step,“ said Losang Tashi, a 28-year-old Tibetan in Shangri-La.
“When I feel tired in daily life, I always dance Guozhuang to relieve my pressure. It makes my mind ___6___ （full） relaxed,” he said, "Just as many watch TV dramas and play online games ___7___（relax）, many Tibetan youths like me are fond ___8___ dancing to our traditional music, so it means a lot to us,“ he said.
“When other non-Tibetan people watch us dancing, I can bring ___9___ （happy） to them,“ he said. "I feel so satisfied when I tell tourists about the messages ____10____ are conveyed by Guozhuang dance.
【答案】
1. the
2. singing
3. falls
4. faster
5. has been
6. fully
7. to relax
8. of
9. happiness
10. which/that
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了西藏地区的少数民族舞蹈——锅庄舞。
1.考查冠词。句意：白天漫步在杜宗古城里，总是可以看到藏族老年人围成一圈跳舞，唱着传统的藏族歌曲。“in the daytime”在白天，是固定短语，故填the。
2.考查非谓语动词。句意同上。分析句子结构可知，while引导时间状语从句，主句与从句的主语一致，故省略从句主语与be动词，sing与逻辑主语Tibetans是主动关系，用现在分词，故填singing。
3.考查时态。句意：当黄昏来临时，藏族青年，在完成一整天的工作或学习后，将伴随速度更快的和更快乐的音乐来到户外跳舞。分析句子结构可知，When引导时间状语从句，故空格处缺少谓语。根据下文的will，此处用一般现在时态，主语是第三人称单数，故谓语动词用单数。故填falls。
4.考查形容词比较级。句意同上。根据and more joyful music可知，and连接并列成分，故此处用形容词fast的比较级。故填faster。
5.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：锅庄舞自古以来是关于尊重自然的舞蹈。根据时间状语since ancient times可知，此处用现在完成时态，又因为主语是Guozhuang dance，是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，故用has been。
6.考查副词。句意：它让我的头脑完全放松。此处修饰形容词relaxed，故用副词作状语。故填fully。
7.考查非谓语动词。句意：就像许多人为了放松去看电视剧和玩网络游戏一样，许多像我这样的西藏年轻人喜欢跟着我们的传统音乐跳舞。分析句子可知，此处用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to relax。
8.考查介词。句意同上。be fond of意为“喜欢”，为固定搭配。故填of。
9.考查名词。句意：当其他非西藏人看我们跳舞时，我可以给他们带去快乐，分析句子结构可知，空格处作bring的宾语，故用所给形容词的名词形式happiness，是不可数名词。故填happiness。
10.考查定语从句。句意：当我告诉游客锅庄舞传达的信息时，我感到非常满意。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the messages，从句缺少主语，故此处用关系代词which/that。故填which/that。