备战2022 中考英语 导练案 考点27 完形填空之议论文学案

这是一份备战2022 中考英语 导练案 考点27 完形填空之议论文学案，文件包含备战2022中考英语导练案考点27完形填空之议论文学生版doc、备战2022中考英语导练案考点27完形填空之议论文教师版doc等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共51页， 欢迎下载使用。
考点27 完形填空之议论文
议论文一般缺乏趣味性，所以在中考中出现的频率不是很高，但是也偶有出现，因此对于这类题材的文章的特点及解题的关键考生也应该有适当的了解。
二、解题方法：
1. 完形填空的短文通常没有标题且文章的首句和尾句，一般不设空，要特别注重对首、尾句的理解，因为它们往往提示或点明文章的主题，对理解全文有较大帮助。
 2. 第一遍通读带有空缺单词的短文时可能一时把握不住短文内容，弄不清头绪，这是很正常的。此时要注意克服畏难情绪和急躁心理，应稳定情绪，再将短文读一两遍，直到明确大意为止。
3. 做题时切勿一看到一个空格就急着选出一个答案，这样往往只见树木不见森林。由于缺乏全局观念，极易导致连续选错。
因为完形填空不同于单个句子的选词填空，其空白处是位于一篇文章之中，因此必须纵观全文、通篇考虑。
 4. 每篇完形填空所设的空多以实词为主，所提供的四个备选项中只有一个是正确的，其他三项均为干扰项。而干扰项也多半与前、后的句子或词组可以形成某种搭配，即如单从语法角度判断则无法确定，还必须从语篇意义上加以鉴别。
 5. 动笔时先易后难，先完成容易、有把握的答案，这样可以增强自信心，然后再集中精力解决难点。对于实在无法确定的，可以从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找提示，大胆地作出猜测。

（一）
Friends are very important in our everyday life. Everyone needs friends. We all like to feel close to someone. ___36___is nice to have a friend to talk，laugh，and do things with. Certainly，sometimes we need to be alone. We don't always want people___37___.But we would feel lonely if we ___38___had a friend.
No two people are just the same. Friends___39___don't get on well. That doesn't mean that they no longer like each other. Most of the time they will make up(言归于好)and become____40____again.
Sometimes friends move away. Then we feel very ___41___.We miss them very much，but we can___42___ them and write to them. And we can___43___new friends. It is encouraging to find out how much we like new people when we get to know them.
There's more good news for people who have friends .They live___44___ than people who don't. Why? Friends can make us feel happy.___45___happy helps you stay well or it could be much better that someone cares. If someone cares about you，you take better care of yourself.
36. A. It B. He C. There D. Someone
37. A. along B. away C. lonely D. around
38. A. ever B. never C. just D. really
39. A. always B. sometimes C. often D. usually
40. A. sisters B. cousins C. classmates D. friends
41. A. angry B. sad C. happy D. alone
42. A. call B. ask C. tell D. talk
43. A. search B. find C. make D. know
44. A. longer B. shorter C. slower D. faster
45. A. Smelling B. Being C. Sounding D. Making
【答案】
1．A
2．D
3．B
4．B
5．D
6．B
7．A
8．C
9．A
10．B
【分析】
本文讲述了友谊在我们生活中的重要性。没有朋友的时候我们会感到孤单，朋友可以使我们开心，使我们幸福。
1．句意：有朋友和我们一起谈话，一起笑，一起做事情，是一件很好的事情。因为句子中有to do 不定式是真正地主语，所以前面要用It作形式主语，故选A。
2．句意：我们并不是总想让周围有人陪伴。A. alone独自 B. away离开 C. all over 到处，遍及 D. around周围，四周，从上文“Certainly, sometimes we need to be alone.”可知有时候我们需要独处，所以并不时时刻刻都想让人们在我们周围，故选D。
3．句意：但是如果我们没有朋友，我们会感到孤单。A. ever 曾经 B. never从不C. just仅仅 D. really真地，从语境可以判断这里应该用一个表示否定的词，只有never 表示否定，故选B。
4．句意：朋友有时候也会相处不好。A. always总是B. sometimes 有时C. often 经常D. usually通常，从上文“No two people are just the same.”没有两个完全相同的人，可知既然是朋友之间有所不同，就难免有时会发生摩擦，所以sometimes 最符合题意，故选B。
5．句意：大部分时间他们会言归于好，重新成为朋友。A. sisters 姐妹 B. cousins堂表兄弟姐妹 C. classmates 同班同学 D. friends朋友。本文一直讲的是朋友的重要性，所以friends 最符合题意，故选D。
6．句意：有时候当朋友搬走的时候我们会感到很伤心。A. angry 生气的B. sad伤心的 C. happy幸福的D. alone孤独的，从我们生活中的体会，可知当朋友搬走的时候，我们会很伤心，所以sad 最符合题意，故选B。
7．句意：但是我们可以给他们打电话或者给他们写信。A. call打电话B. ask 问C. tell告诉 D. talk谈话，句子中and 后是write to them，所以and前也应该是一种通讯方式，所以是给他们打电话，故选A。
8．句意：并且我们也可以交到新的朋友。A. look for 寻找B. find找到 C. make做D. know知道，空后是friends, 我们要想到固定短语make friends, 故选C。
9．句意：他们比没有朋友的人活的时间更长。从后文“Why? Friends can make us feel happy.”因为朋友使我们感到幸福，心情高兴，就会有利于健康，所以是live longer, 故选A。
10．句意：心情高兴可以使我们保持良好的状态。A. Smelling 闻起来B. Being be动词是C. Sounding听起来D. Making使，让，虽然这四个选项后都可以跟形容词但是，这里心情高兴是一种状态，所以能表示状态的词只有being ,故选B。
【点睛】
通读全文，根据上下语境，结合所给选项选出最佳答案，例如第2小题，从上文“Certainly, sometimes we need to be alone.”可知有时候我们需要独处，所以并不时时刻刻都想让人们在我们周围，故选D。例如第7小题，找到关键词and 后是write to them，所以and前也应该是一种通讯方式，所以是给他们打电话，故选A。

（二）
An ant is walking by the river. He looks at the river and says to himself. “___11___ nice and cool the water looks! I must drink some of it.” But when he is drinking, he ___12___ into the river.
“Oh. Help! Help!” the ant cries.
A dove (鸽子) is siting ___13___ the tree. She hears him and offers him a leaf. “___14___ up that leaf,” she says, “and you will get to the bank.”
The ant climbs up onto the leaf, and the wind blows the leaf to the bank.
“Thank you, dove. You’re so ___15___. You have saved my life, and I wish I could do ___16___ for you. Goodbye!” the ant says and runs home.
“Goodbye!” says the dove, “Be ___17___ not to fall into the river again.”
After a few days, the dove is building her nest. And a man is raising his gun to kill ___18___ .
The ant sees this, and runs ___19___ to bite the man’s leg. “Ouch! Ouch!” The man ___20___ a terrible pain and drops his gun. The dove flies away quickly. So the man picks up his gun and leaves.
The dove comes to the ant and says, “Thank you, my little friend. You have saved my life.” The little ant is so glad, because he can help the dove.
11. A. Where B. What C. When D. How
12. A. falls B. drives C. looks D. runs
13. A. on B. in C. with D. down
14. A. Get B. Come C. Climb D. Put
15. A. quick B. kind C. patient D. worried
16. A. anything B. nothing C. everything D. something
17. A. careful B. happy C. easy D. dangerous
18. A. she B. her C. him D. them
19. A. slowly B. off C. fast D. upstairs
20. A. feels B. takes C. causes D. gives
【答案】
11．D
12．A
13．B
14．C
15．B
16．D
17．A
18．B
19．C
20．A
【分析】
这篇短文给我们讲述了一个小故事。一只蚂蚁不小心掉进了水里，被一只鸽子救了。后来在鸽子有危险的时候，蚂蚁又救了鸽子。告诉我们人与人之间要相互帮助。
11．
句意：水看起来多么好、多么凉爽啊！
Where在哪里；What什么；When何时；How怎样，多么。这是一个感叹句，“nice and cool”是形容词，符合句型“How+形容词+主语+谓语”的结构，故选D。
12．
句意：但是当他喝水的时候，他掉进了河里。
falls掉落；drives驾驶，开车；looks看，看起来；runs跑。根据下文“Help! Help!”可知，蚂蚁掉进了河里，所以喊救命，fall into掉进，固定短语。故选A。
13．
句意：一只鸽子正在树上站着。
on在……上面；in在……里面；with和……一起；down向下。on the tree指树叶、果实等生长在树上；in the tree是指其他事物在树上。这里说鸽子在树上，应用in，故选B。
14．
句意：她说：“爬到那个树叶上。”
Get得到；Come来；Climb爬；Put放，放置。根据下文“The ant climbs up onto the leaf”可知，此处指的是鸽子让蚂蚁爬到叶子上去，故选C。
15．
句意：你太友好了。
quick快的；kind友好的；patient有耐心的；worried担心的。根据下句话“You have saved my life”可知，鸽子救了蚂蚁，所以鸽子是很友好善良的。故选B。
16．
句意：你救了我的命，我希望我能为你做些事情。
anything任何事；nothing没什么事；everything一切，每件事；something某事。根据“You have saved my life, and I wish I could do… for you.”结合可知，鸽子救了蚂蚁，蚂蚁希望自己也能为鸽子做一些事，这是一个肯定句，故选D。
17．
句意：小心不要再掉到河里了。
careful小心的；happy快乐的；easy容易的；dangerous危险的。根据句意“not to fall into the river again”结合句意可知，鸽子提醒蚂蚁要小心，故选A。
18．
句意：一个人正举起枪准备要杀她。
she她，人称代词主格；her她，人称代词宾格；him他，人称代词宾格；them他们，人称代词宾格。根据“the dove is building her nest”可知，这个人瞄准的是鸽子，文章中是用she代指的，“kill”动词后跟宾语，所以此处应用宾格her，故选B。
19．
句意：那只蚂蚁看到了，迅速跑过去，咬了这个人的腿。
slowly慢地；off离开，脱落；fast快地；upstairs上楼。根据上文“And a man is raising his gun to kill”可知，这个人正举着枪马上要杀鸽子了，事情很紧急，所以蚂蚁应该赶快跑过去，故选C。
20．
句意：这个人感到了剧烈的疼痛，把枪扔掉了。
feels感觉；takes带走；causes导致；gives给。根据上文“The ant sees this…to bite the man's leg”可知，蚂蚁咬了那个人的腿，所以这个人感到疼痛。故选A。
（三）
"Look at the moon," my son shouts excitedly. Our son's best friend joins in the celebration, and soon the whole room is looking out of the window, enjoying this simple sight.
It's not the first time we've ___16___ our love of the moon as a family. Last time we celebrated as we sat in a taxi after a meaningful day trip. Both our son and little daughter were jumping around with ___17___ in the back of the cab at the sight of the big golden October harvest moon. The driver couldn't help but join in the simple joy.
In order not to ___18___ the moon whenever it appears, we even ___19___ our bedroom to the back of the house. So our son has a ___20___ from Bath in the East to the Forest in the West. It has paid off as he often now shouts down to us about sunrises, sunsets, rainbows or a storm.
I'm not sure if he knows just ___21___ this pleases me. At seven, it feels like he is starting to understand more about the rhythm of life, the passing of time, and how it ___22___ us humans. He knows that the sun doesn't ___23___ rise in one place, that it travels ___24___ the sky. He knows that clouds will gather near hills or mountains and a rainbow often ____25____ rain. It feels like he is developing a ____26____ connection with the earth through the ____27____ he spends sitting on his windowsill.
He then understands what he is enjoying is temporary (短暂的). The ____28____ doesn't stay full for long and rainbows disappear quickly. ____29____, he's catching those moments with both ____30____ and holding them in his arms. And what I love about this the most is that his first thoughts are always to share this joy with those whom he loves.
16. A. shared B. developed C. wanted D. accepted
17. A. hope B. joy C. courage D. peace
18. A. see B. welcome C. lose D. miss
19. A. decorated B. changed C. prepared D. bought
20. A. view B. trip C. dream D. memory
21. A. how long B. how often C. how much D. how
22. A. influences B. tells C. worries D. warns
23. A. really B. even C. just D. ever
24. A. through B. above C. across D. under
25. A. appears B. follows C. invites D. brings
26. A. softer B. harder C. lighter D. deeper
27. A. thoughts B. moments C. efforts D. money
28. A. clouds B. rainbows C. sun D. moon
29. A. Moreover B. Otherwise C. Suddenly D. However
30. A. hands B. eyes C. ears D. feet
【答案】
21．A
22．B
23．D
24．B
25．A
26．C
27．A
28．C
29．C
30．B
31．D
32．B
33．D
34．D
35．A
【分析】
作者一家十分喜欢月亮，为了帮助孩子们更好地观察月亮，作者甚至改变了卧室位置。随着孩子长大，他逐渐有了自己的想法，但是他始终记得要将欢乐和喜欢的人分享。
21．
句意：这已经不是我们第一次作为一家人分享对月亮的爱了。
A. shared分享，B. developed发展，C. wanted想要，D. accepted接受。根据前文的“soon the whole room is looking out of the window, enjoying this simple sight.”可知，大家一起看月亮，因此是在分享对月亮的爱，故选A。
22．
句意：我们的儿子和小女儿看到十月丰收的金色大月亮，在出租车的后面高兴地跳来跳去。
A. hope希望，B. joy欢乐，C. courage勇气，D. peace和平。根据后文的“The driver couldn't help but join in the simple joy.”可知，此处指他们很高兴。故选B。
23．
句意：为了不错过月亮，我们甚至把卧室搬到了房子的后面。
A. see看见，B. welcome欢迎，C. lose失去，D. miss错过。根据后文的“So our son has a ___5___ from Bath in the East to the Forest in the West.”可知，此处表示不错过月亮。故选D。
24．
句意：为了不错过月亮，我们甚至把卧室搬到了房子的后面。
A. decorated装饰，B. changed改变，C. prepared准备，D. bought买。change …to…“更改为”，故选B。
25．
句意：所以我们的儿子可以从东边的巴斯看到西边的森林。
A. view风景，B. trip旅行，C. dream梦想，D. memory记忆。根据前文的“In order not to ___3___ the moon whenever it appears,”可知，此处表示看到月亮，have a view “看到”，故选A。
26．
句意：我不确定他是否知道这让我有多高兴。
A. how long多长时间，B. how often多久一次，C. how much多少，D. how如何。根据前文的“It has paid off as he often now shouts down to us about sunrises, sunsets, rainbows or a storm.”可知，此处这会让我有多高兴，故选C。
27．
句意：7岁时，他似乎开始更多地了解生活的节奏、时间的流逝以及它是如何影响我们人类的。
A. influences影响，B. tells告诉，C. worries担心，D. warns警告。根据后文的“He knows that the sun doesn't ___8___ rise in one place, that it travels ___9___ the sky.”可知，此处表示它对人的影响。故选A。
28．
句意：他知道太阳不只是从一个地方升起，而是在天空中穿行。
A. really真正地，B. even甚至，C. just仅仅，D. ever曾经。not just “不仅仅”，故选C。
29．
句意：他知道太阳不是从一个地方升起，而是在天空中穿行。
A. through通过，B. above在…上面，C. across穿过，D. under在……下面。根据“the sun doesn't ___8___ rise in one place”可知，太阳不只是从一个地方升起来，因此在空中穿行。故选C。
30．
句意：他知道云会聚集在山丘或山脉附近，雨后常有彩虹。
A. appears出现，B. follows跟随，在……后发生，C. invites邀请，D. brings带来。根据常识，彩虹是在雨后，故选B。
31．
句意：当他坐在窗台上的那一刻，他感觉自己正在与大地建立更深的联系。
A. softer更软的，B. harder更努力的，C. lighter更轻的，D. deeper更深的。根据后文的“he's catching those moments with both ___15___ and holding them in his arms.”可知，此处表示要与大地建立更深的联系。故选D。
32．
句意：当他坐在窗台上的那一刻，他感觉自己正在与大地建立更深的联系。
A. thoughts思想，B. moments时刻，C. efforts努力，D. money金钱。根据后文的“He then understands what he is enjoying is temporary (短暂的).”可知，此处指的是看月亮的时刻，故选B。
33．
句意：月亮不会圆很长时间，彩虹也会很快消失。
A. clouds云，B. rainbows彩虹，C. sun太阳，D. moon月亮。根据“doesn't stay full for long”可知，月亮不会一直是圆的。故选D。
34．
句意：然而，他却用双手抓住了这些瞬间，并将它们紧紧地抱在怀里。
A. Moreover而且，B. Otherwise否则，C. Suddenly突然，D. However然而。前半句表示月亮不会圆太久，彩虹会很快消失，后半句表示他会抓住那些时刻，前后表示转折关系，故选D。
35．
句意：然而，他却用双手抓住了这些瞬间，并将它们紧紧地抱在怀里。
A. hands手，B. eyes眼睛，C. ears耳朵，D. feet脚。根据“holding them in his arms.”可知，要把它们紧紧抱在怀里，应是先用双手抓住它们。故选A。

（四）
Two brothers worked together on a farm. One was married and had a large family.___36___ had no wife yet. Although they lived in different houses, they shared everything they got from their farm.
One day, the single brother said to___37___, “It’s not right that we share all the rice. I’m___38___and I need less than my brother.” So, every night he took a bag of rice from his store-room and___39___across the field___40___their houses, putting it into his brother’s store-room.
At the same time, the married brother thought, “It’s not fair to share all the rice. I’m married and I have my wife and children to___41___me when I am___42___. However, my brother has no one to take care of his future.” So, each night he ____43____took a bag of rice and put it into his brother’s store-room.
Several months passed by. They found___44___strange that their rice never became less.
Then, one dark night the two brothers ran into each other. Slowly they began to understand what was happening. Their bags fell onto the ground and tears____45____their eyes at once.
36. A. Other B. The other C. Another
37. A. himself B. his brother C. his children
38. A. poor B. happy C. alone
39. A. go B. goes C. went
40. A. from B. between C. through
41. A. look after B. look for C. look out
42. A. worried B. old C. healthy
43. A. too B. also C. either
44. A. them B. this C. it
45. A. appeared B. filled C. dropped
【答案】
36．B
37．A
38．C
39．C
40．B
41．A
42．B
43．B
44．C
45．B
【分析】
本文讲述的是在农场做工两兄弟。其中一个娶妻生子，另一个独身。由于他们为对方着想，就相互地每晚给对方送一袋大米。几个月后，他们奇怪地发现大米的袋数没有少。直到一个漆黑的夜里他们相遇，才明白了一切，他们的眼里立刻充满的泪水。真是情谊无价。
36．
句意：另一个还没有妻子。
Other其他的；The other（两者之中）另一个；Another（三者及以上）另一个。分析文章内容可知，有两兄弟，此处构成“one…the other…”结构，表示“一个……另一个……”。故选B。
37．
句意：一天，这个单身的兄弟自言自语道：“我们分享所有的大米是不对的。”
himself他自己；his brother他的兄弟；his children他的孩子。根据后文叙述内容“It’s not right that we share all the rice. I’m 3 and I need less than my brother.”可知，此处是单身的兄弟自言自语说的话。故选A。
38．
句意：我孤身一人，我需要比我哥哥更少的东西。
poor贫穷的；happy高兴的；alone独自的。根据“the single brother said to himself”可知，单身的兄弟独自居住，需要的比另一个兄弟少。故选C 。
39．
句意：并且穿过他们两个房子之间的田野，存到他兄弟的库里。
go动词原形；goes动词三单；went动词过去式。分析“So, every night he took a bag of rice from his store-room and 4 across the field 5 their houses”可知，此处与and前的took构成并列结构，所以使用过去式形式即可。故选C。
40．
句意：并且穿过他们两个房子之间的田野，存到他兄弟的库里。
from从；between在……之间；through通过。根据“So, every night he took a bag of rice from his store-room and 4 across the field 5 their houses”可知，是穿过他们两个房子之间的田野，所以空格处填between。故选B。
41．
句意：我结婚了，等我老了，我有妻子和孩子来照顾我。
look after照顾；look for寻找；look out小心。分析上下文并根据“However, my brother has no one to take care of his future.”可知，结婚的这个兄弟就想着当他老了，还有孩子和妻子会照顾他，但是他的兄弟却没人能照顾。故选A。
42．
句意：我结婚了，等我老了，我有妻子和孩子来照顾我。
worried担心的；old老的；healthy健康的。根据“However, my brother has no one to take care of his.”可知，单身的那个兄弟没有人关心他的未来，而结婚的这个兄弟老了还有妻子和孩子来照顾他，所以此处强调“老”。故选B。
43．
句意：所以，他每天晚上也拿一袋大米，放在他兄弟的储藏室里。
too也，多用于句末；also也，多用于句中；either也，用于否定句句末。分析“So, each night he 8 took a bag of rice and put it into his brother’s store-room.”可知，此处表示“也”，并用于句中行为动词之前，所以用also。故选B。
44．
句意：他们感到奇怪的是，他们的大米从未减少过。
them他们；this这个；it它。分析句子可知，此处构成“find it+ adj+ that从句”结构。故选C。
45．
句意：他们的包掉在地上，眼泪顿时充满了他们的眼睛。
appeared出现；filled充满；dropped下降。分析上下文可知，兄弟二人知道了彼此的良苦用心，都很感动，所以眼睛满含泪水。故选B。


（一）【2020 •山东省泰安市中考】

One day, a woman bought a parrot from a pet store. However, the woman decided to ___21___the parrot to the store the next day. "This bird doesn't ___22___. " she told the pet store owner. "Does he have a ____23____?"the owner asked. "Parrots enjoy watching themselves in it. "So the woman bought one and left.
The next day, she came back, saying that the bird still didn't say anything. "How about a ladder(梯子)? Parrots love ladders, "the owner said. The woman bought a ladder and left.
But the next day, she was back a ___24___time. "Does your parrot have a swing? No? Well, once he starts ___25___, he'll talk a lot happily, "the owner said. The woman then bought a swing and left.
When she walked into the store the next day, she began to cry and said ___26___, "The parrot died. "The pet store owner was ___27___what she said. "What? I'm sorry. Tell me, did he ever say anything?" he asked. "Yes, right before he died, "the woman answered, "in a ___28___ voice, he asked me weakly, 'Don't they sell any food at that pet store?'"
Sometimes we forget what's really necessary in life. We sometimes have lots of things to do ___29___, but we forget to deal with the most important things first. We have to remember to "_____30_____ the parrots" in our lives.
21. A. send B. return C. pass
22. A. eat B. fly C. talk
23. A. mirror B. photo C. screen
24. A. first B. second C. third
25. A. exercising B. swinging C. playing
26. A. sadly B. warmly C. peacefully
27. A. worried about B. shocked at C. scared of
28. A. high B. loud C. low
29. A. at once B. after all C. in total
30. A. keep B. watch C. feed
【答案】
21．B
22．C
23．A
24．C
25．B
26．A
27．B
28．C
29．A
30．C
【分析】
本文讲述了一位妇女买了一只鹦鹉，她给鹦鹉买了镜子，梯子和秋千，但是鹦鹉还是死了。因为她忘了给鹦鹉买食物。从这个故事中我们可知，我们同时有很多事情要做，但是我们忘记了先处理最重要的事情。
21．
句意：然而，那位妇女决定第二天把这只鹦鹉还给商店。
A. send发送，B. return回来，C. pass通过。return…to…“把……还给……”，故选B。
22．
句意：她告诉宠物店的老板：“这只鸟不会说话。”
A. eat吃，B. fly飞，C. talk谈论。根据后文的“The next day, she came back, saying that the bird still didn't say anything.”可知，此处表示这只鸟不会说话。故选C。
23．
句意：这位店主问：“他有镜子吗？”
A. mirror镜子，B. photo照片，C. screen屏幕。根据后文的“Parrots enjoy watching themselves in it.”可知，能在里面看到自己，应是镜子，故选A。
24．
句意：但是，第二天她又回来了。
A. first第一，B. second第二，C. third第三。根据前文的内容可知，她第一次回来，买了一个镜子，第二次回来买了一个梯子，因此这里表示她第三次回到商店。故选C。
25．
句意：店主说“你的鹦鹉有秋千吗？没有？嗯，一旦它开始摇摆，它就会高兴地说很多话。”
A. exercising锻炼，B. swinging摇摆，C. playing玩。根据“Does your parrot have a swing?”可知，此处表示鹦鹉在秋千上摇摆。故选B。
26．
句意：第二天当她走进这家商店时，她开始哭，悲伤地说：“那只鹦鹉死了。”
A. sadly悲伤地，B. warmly温暖地，C. peacefully和平地。根据“The parrot died”可知，鹦鹉死了，所以她感到伤心。故选A。
27．
句意：这个宠物店的店主对她说的话感到惊讶。
A. worried about担心，B. shocked at对……感到惊讶，C. scared of害怕……。根据“What?”可知，这位店主对她说的话感到惊讶。故选B。
28．
句意：那个女人回答说:“他低声地问我，‘宠物店不卖食品吗?’”
A. high高的，B. loud大声的，C. low低的。根据“right before he died,”和“Don't they sell any food at that pet store?'”可知，这只鹦鹉没有吃食物，因此在死之前说话声音非常低，故选C。
29．
句意：我们有时同时有很多事情要做，但是我们忘记了先处理最重要的事情。
A. at once马上，同时，B. after all毕竟，C. in total总共。根据“we forget to deal with the most important things first.”可知，要先处理最重要的事，因此表示同时有很多事要做。故选A。
30．
句意：在我们的生活中，我们必须记住“喂鹦鹉”。
A. keep保留，B. watch观看，C. feed喂养。根据前文的“Don't they sell any food at that pet store? '”可知，此处表示要“喂鹦鹉”，故选C。

（二）
Everyone has only one life, all of us want to do ____16____ to prove the value of life. But sometimes that really needs more courage.
You have probably never heard of Fan Jinshi. She is a very great woman who I admire a lot. She is a thin woman from the south of China, She is always ____17____ in historical culture and ancient art. She graduated from Peking University. She could find a good job in a big city. Also, she could choose to teach in her university. However, she gave up all the good conditions and made a brave decision to work in Dunhuang, Gan Su. It’s very dry and short of water there. ____18____ it is always windy and sandy all year round. And she couldn’t enjoy delicious food or wear nice clothes. She just did one thing that she must fight against the terrible environment there every day. But she didn’t care. She stuck to ____19____ in the desert place and made an effort to contribute （奉献） her youth. What a strong woman fighter she is! I will never forget what she said, “I love my work and I also love every area of my motherland forever.” Just as Dong Qing said,“ ____20____ is that you still love your life after seeing the truth clearly.”
16. A. meaningful something B. anything meaningful C. meaningful anything D. something meaningful
17. A. interesting B. surprising C. interested D. surprised
18. A. Beside B. Except C. Besides D. Expect
19. A. stay B. staying C. studying D. study
20. A. Confidence B. Love C. Courage D. Faith
【答案】
16．D
17．C
18．C
19．B
20．C
【分析】
文章大意：每个人的生命只有一次，我们都想做些有意义的事情来证明生命的价值。但有时候真的需要更多的勇气。文章以樊锦诗放弃良好的条件去敦煌工作的事情，告诉我们：勇气，是在你看清了生活真相之后，依然热爱生活。
16．句意：每个人都只有一次生命，我们都想做一些有意义的事情来证明生命的价值。
meaningful something错误用法。anything meaningful任何有意义的事；meaningful anything错误用法；something meaningful一些有意义的事。形容词修饰不定代词时置于不定代词之后，由此可排除AC；设空处所在句子是肯定句，用something而不用anything，排除B。故选D。
17．句意：她一直对历史文化和古代艺术感兴趣。
interesting令人感兴趣的；surprising令人惊讶的；interested感兴趣的；surprised惊讶的。主语She指人，表语用-ed形容词而不用-ing形容词，排除AB；结合题干中“is always ____ in”可知此处用be interested in表示“对……感兴趣”，排除D。故选C。
18．句意：此外，这里常年刮风且多沙。
Beside在……旁边，介词；Except除……之外（不包含），介词；Besides此外，副词；Expect期望，动词。空后句子有逗号隔开，结合题干可知此处用副词，表示除了缺水和干旱外，还常年刮风多沙，用副词Besides符合题意。故选C。
19．句意：她坚持待在沙漠里，努力贡献自己的青春。
stay停留；study学习。结合题干中“She stuck to ____ in the desert place”可知此处用stick to doing sth.表示“坚持做某事”，此处用动名词作宾语，上文讲到她是来敦煌工作，由此可知此处是说待在沙漠里，用staying符合题意。故选B。
20．句意：勇气是你在看清真相后仍然热爱自己的生活。
Confidence自信；Love爱；Courage勇气；Faith信念。根据上文“But sometimes that really needs more courage.”及樊锦诗的故事，可知此处是说勇气。故选C。

（三）【2020 •新疆维吾尔自治区(建设兵团)中考】
My friend Richard went far to work, so he asked me to take care of his yard in the mountains. He worked hard and often kept the yard ___16___ without any grass. But I was too lazy to sweep the fallen leaves, and I___17___pluck (拔 ) grass, allowing it to grow rapidly. In the early___18___, in March, the leaves were green and soft. A month later, when the leaves spread quickly, I discovered they were like wild orchids (兰花) in the forest.
As the summer came, the "grass" really flowered. The flowers looked like those forest orchids, ___19___ they were yellow, unlike those purple or brown red forest orchids. I picked one flower, then went to find a friend who studied ___20___.As soon as my friend saw it he asked me___21___ I picked it. "It's amazing!" He ___22___ explained, "This kind of orchid is hard to find. Now it is worth at least 10,000 dollars each."
I told the good news to Richard. He was___23___. After a while he said gently, he saw the orchid in the yard every year, but he thought it was common grass, so he always plucked it. He said, "If I could___24___, it would flower a few years before." Yes, all of us might miss some rare( 稀有的) orchids in our own lives. We don't give them the time to flower to prove their value.
Give the "grass" time to flower and give everybody a ____25____ to prove his value. Don't pluck a leave of any "grass" or negate (否定) a person rudely and how many "rare orchids " we will get in our lives!
16. A. wild B. clean C. dry D. dirty
17. A. sometimes B. often C. never D. always
18. A. spring B. summer C. autumn D. winter
19. A. so B. but C. then D. or
20. A. colors B. rivers C. seasons D. plants
21. A. that B. why C. where D. who
22. A. proudly B. successfully C. carelessly D. excitedly
23. A. worried B. surprised C. scared D. relaxed
24. A. wait B. get C. take D. make
25. A. tree B. yard C. flower D. chance
【答案】
16．B
17．C
18．A
19．B
20．D
21．C
22．D
23．B
24．A
25．D
【分析】
本文作者讲述了一个关于兰花的故事。他的朋友理查德去了很远的地方工作，让他照顾他在山上的院子。理查德很勤劳，经常保持院子干净，没有草。而作者懒得去扫落叶，而且从不拔草。春天作者发现院子里长满了像森林里的野生兰花。夏天，他们开花。这些花看起来像那些森林兰花，但它们是黄色的，不像那些紫色或棕红色的森林兰花。作者摘了一朵花，去找一个研究植物的朋友。朋友说这种兰花很难找，现在每一棵至少值1万美元。理查德说他每年都在院子里看到兰花，但他认为那是普通的草，所以他总是拔它们。他说：“如果我能等几年，它就会在几年前开花。”给“草”时间开花，给每个人一个证明自己价值的机会。不要随地摘下任何“草”的叶子，也不要粗暴地否定一个人，也不要轻率地否定我们生活中会得到多少“珍稀兰花”！
16．
句意：他很勤劳，经常保持院子干净，没有草。
考查形容词辨析。wild野生的；clean干净的；dry干燥的；dirty脏的。根据上文“worked hard（工作努力/勤劳）”和下文“without any grass（没有草）”可知“他经常保持院子干净”，故选B。
17．
句意：但我懒得去扫落叶，而且我从不拔草，让它迅速成长。
考查频度副词。Sometimes有时；often经常；never从不；always总是。根据下文“让它迅速成长”可知“我从不拔草”；故选C。
18．
句意：在初春，三月，树叶绿而柔软。
考查名词。spring春天；summer夏天；autumn秋天；winter冬天。根据“三月”可知是“初春”，故选A。
19．
句意：这些花看起来像那些森林兰花，但它们是黄色的，不像那些紫色或棕红色的森林兰花。
考查连词辨析。so因此，表示因果关系；but但是，表示转折关系；then那么，然后，表示顺承关系；or或者，表示选择关系。根据句意可知前后句是转折关系，可知填but；故选B。
20．
句意：我摘了一朵花，然后去找一个研究植物的朋友。
考查名词辨析。colors颜色；rivers河流；seasons季节；plants植物。根据“我摘了一朵花”可知“去找一个研究植物的朋友”；故选D。
21．
句意：我的朋友一看到它就问我在哪儿摘的。
考查宾语从句引导词。that后面跟陈述句；why为什么；where哪里；who谁。根据下文“I told the good news to Richard. … After a while he said gently, he saw the orchid in the yard every year,（我把这个好消息告诉了理查德。…….过了一会儿，他轻轻地说，他每年都会看到院子里的兰花，）”可知此句是“我的朋友一看到它就问我在哪儿摘的。”故选C。
22．
句意：他兴奋地解释说：“这种兰花很难找。现在每株至少值1万美元。”
考查副词。proudly骄傲地，自豪地；successfully成功地；carelessly粗心地；excitedly兴奋地。根据下文“这种兰花很难找。现在每株至少值1万美元。”可知“他兴奋地解释说”；故选D。
23．
句意：他很惊讶。
考查形容词。worried担心，焦虑；surprised惊讶，惊奇；scared害怕；relaxed放松的。根据上文“I told the good news to Richard.（我把这个好消息告诉了理查德。）这个好消息是“他院子里的长出了兰花，每棵值至少1万美元。”可知“他很惊讶。”故选B。
24．
句意：如果我能等几年，它就会在几年前开花。
考查动词辨析。wait等；get获得，得到；take拿，带走；make制作。根据下文“它就会在几年前开花”可知此句是“如果我能等几年”；故选A。
25．
句意：给“草”时间开花，给每个人一个证明自己价值的机会。
考查名词辨析。tree树木；yard院子；flower花；chance机会。根据常识和上文“给‘草’时间开花”可知此句是：给每个人一个证明自己价值的机会。故选D。

（四）【2020 •四川凉山中考】
How do you connect with friends? Which would you like 43 , Wechat, letters or sending
messages on the phone? Here are some ideas of students from No 2 Middle School.
Wang Lei likes to 44 friends through sending messages on the phone in his spare time. He
thinks it is a good way to express his feelings when he is down. If you are too shy to say anything in front of people, you can use it.
Liu Xin supports the letter.“A letter is like a  45 dinner," she said. “It includes lots of information.” 46 we have to wait longer for our letters, in today's busy world we need something that is worth waiting for.
Jiang Li is sure to stick to Wechat. Open the Wechat, shake your mobile phone and search for
strangers around you! You can make new friends 47 without going outside.
43. A.to receive B.receiving C.to choose D. choosing
44. A.deal with B. come up with C. agree with D. keep in touch with
45. A.small B.big C.poor D.late
46. A.Although B.Whether C.Before D. After
47. A.easy B.easily C.hard D.hardly
【答案】
43．C
44．D
45．B
46．A
47．B
【分析】
文章就“如何与朋友联系”这个话题做的一个调查，并举例几个同学的不同的想法。
43．
句意：你想选择哪一种？
to receive接受，动词不定式；receiving接受，现在分词或者动名词形式；to choose选择，动词不定式；choosing选择，现在分词或者动名词形式；根据句意理解及后句WeChat, letters or sending messages on the phone?可知，这里表达的是“选择”，且这里是表达“想要做某事”，英语是would like to do sth，所以这里应该用to do形式，故选C。
44．
句意：王磊喜欢在业余时间通过手机短信与朋友保持联系。
deal with处理；come up with想出；agree with同意；keep in touch with保持联系；根据句意理解及文章的开头How do you connect with friends?以及后句He thinks it is a good way to express his feelings when he is down.可知，这里表达的是“保持联系”，故选D。
45．
句意：一封信就像一顿丰盛的晚餐。
small小的；big大的；poor贫穷的；late晚的；根据句意理解及后句It includes lots of information.可知，这里是把信比喻成一顿大餐，故选B。
46．
句意：虽然为了信件我们要等更长时间。
Although虽然；Whether是否；Before在……之前；After在……之后；根据句意理解及后句in today's busy world we need something that is worth waiting for.可知，前后两句之间是让步关系，所以这里应该用although引导让步状语从句，故选A。
47．
句意：你不用出门就可以很容易地交到新朋友。
easy容易的；easily容易地；hard努力的；hardly几乎不；根据句意理解及前句shake your mobile phone and search for strangers around you!以及后句without going outside.可知，这里表达的是“容易地”，空格修饰的是动词，所以应该用副词，故选B。

（五）【2020 •四川绵阳中考】
In school, when children are given tasks, some of them are too lazy to think. They 26 asking parents or teachers what to do instead of thinking by themselves. How then do you teach your children to think critically(批判性地)?
Firstly, allow your children to play 27 , which is important in raising children to think on their own as it forces them to 28 what to play with and how. It is during 29 that children get curious enough to try something.
Secondly, ask them 30 questions. When your children ask you a question, don’t be quick to give a 31 . Help them think about possible answers by asking them questions in turn: “Hmmm, that’s an interesting question, and 32 do you think the answer should be?” And when they give their opinions, always 33 them.
Thirdly, don’t be quick to get involved when your children make an improper 34 . Let them reflect for a while and try again by themselves. Don’t say “you are 35 for doing that”. But when your children choose properly, be sure to praise them.
26. A. take up B. stay up C. end up D. give up
27. A. carefully B. freely C. quietly D. happily
28. A. guess B. promise C. learn D. decide
29. A. play B. trip C. discussion D. study
30. A. open-hearted B. happy-ending C. surprise-ending D. open-ended
31. A. reward B. reason C. reply D. report
32. A. what B. how C. why D. which
33. A. correct B. encourage C. accept D. compare
34. A. mistake B. choice C. effort D. excuse
35. A. stupid B. clever C. exciting D. impolite
【答案】
26．C
27．B
28．D
29．A
30．D
31．C
32．A
33．B
34．B
35．A
【分析】
这是一篇说明文，文章讲述教孩子们批判性地思考的三个方法。
26．
句意：他们最后找父母或者老师解决问题而不是自己思考。
take up占据；stay up熬夜；end up结束；give up放弃。此处用end up doing表示“以做某事来结束”。故选C。
27．
句意：首先，允许你的孩子自由玩耍，这一点很重要，使得孩子自己独立思考因为这能强迫他们决定和谁玩耍以及怎样玩耍。
carefully小心地；freely自由地；quietly安静地；happily开心地。根据“think on their own”可知此处用副词freely表示“自由地”。故选B。
28．
句意：首先，允许你的孩子自由玩耍，这一点很重要，使得孩子自己独立思考因为这能强迫他们决定和谁玩耍以及怎样玩耍。
guess猜测；promise承诺；learn学习；decide决定。根据“ what to play with and how”可知此处用动词decide表示“让孩子决定”。故选D。
29．
句意： 在玩耍中孩子们足够好奇的去尝试一些事情。
play戏剧，游戏；trip旅行；discussion讨论；study学习。根据前文“allow your children to play”，可知此处用名词play。故选A。
30．
句意：第二，问他们开放性的问题。
open-hearted善良诚恳的；happy-ending开心结局的；surprise-ending反转结局的；open-ended开放式结局的。根据“Help them think about possible answers”帮助他们思考可能性的答案，可知此处用open-ended。故选D。
31．
句意：当你的孩子问你问题时，不要立刻给出回复。
reward奖励；reason理由；reply回复；report报告。根据“ask you a question”可知此处表达“给出回复”。故选C。
32．
句意：那是一个有趣的问题，你认为答案应该是什么呢？
what什么；how怎样；why为什么；which哪一个。根据“Help them think about possible answers”帮助孩子思考可能的答案，可知此处表达答案是什么。故选A。
33．
句意：当他们给出他们的看法，总是鼓励他们。
correct修正；encourage鼓励；accept接受；compare比较。文章讲述鼓励孩子批判性的思考问题，此处用动词encourage表示鼓励。故选B。
34．
句意：第三，当你的孩子犯了一个不恰当的选择不要快速地介入。
mistake错误；choice选择；effort努力；excuse借口。根据后文“Let them reflect for a while and try again by themselves”以及 “choose properly”可知此处用choice，表示做了不恰当的选择让他们反思再试一次。故选B。
35．
句意：不要说“你那样做很蠢。”
stupid愚蠢的；clever聪明的；exciting令人兴奋的；impolite不礼貌的。根据“make an improper choice”可知此处表示“那样做很蠢”。故选A。


（一）【2020 •黑龙江省哈尔滨市松北区一模】
What would you do if a friend asked you to help cheat during an exam? Would you___21___or decide to help? This kind of decision has been made___22___by using the "four-way test".
Students in a middle school in Colorado tried___23___a test on Nov 8, 2019. More than 230 eighth graders tried the test. They came up with possible solutions(解决方案) to difficult___24___in school. For example, what would you do if a friend took your things___25___? Then they used the four-way test to decide___26___was the best solution.
The test asks four questions:
1. Are you choosing an honest solution?
2. Is it___27___to everyone involved (涉及的)?
3. Will it build friendship?
4. Will it be beneficial (有益处的) to everyone involved?
If a person can say "___28___" to all of these questions, it seems that he or she is making a good decision.
"It brings real-life experiences___29___to the students," Jack, the teacher of the school said. "It causes the students to think about life."
Tom, 14, found the test to be useful. " If I help my friend cheat on exams, it's not fair or beneficial to everyone involved. So that would be a bad decision," he said. "Since there's a lot of drama going on in school, the four-way test will____30____that."
James, 14, plans to start using the four-way test. "It's a new strategy (策略)," he said. "If I get in fights and conflicts (冲突), I'm going to use it to keep strong."
21. A. turn them up B. turn them down C. turn them on
22. A. much easily B. more easy C. more easily
23. A. such B. so C. very
24. A. surfaces B. predictions C. situations
25. A. in person B. without asking you C. no longer
26. A. which B. that C. where
27. A. stupid B. typical C. fair
28. A. yes B. no C. really
29. A. safely B. friendly C. directly
30. A. argue with B. help with C. agree with
【答案】
21．B
22．C
23．A
24．C
25．B
26．A
27．C
28．A
29．C
30．B
【分析】
在学校生活中，学生经常会遇到一些很难处理的问题，如考试中朋友要求帮助作弊、朋友没经过你的同意拿走你的东西等，那么该怎么解决这些问题呢？这篇短文教给我们一个“四项检测法”，用“四项检测法”，你就可以做出正确的选择。
21．
句意：你会拒绝他们还是决定帮忙？
turn up出现，开大；turn down拒绝，关小；turn on打开。根据asked you to help cheat 要你帮忙作弊，和or decide to help还是决定帮忙，可知是“拒绝”.故选B。
22．
句意：通过使用“四项检测法”这种决定会更容易。
根据使用“四项检测法”和不使用这个方法相比较，可知用比较级，排除A；根据副词修饰动词made，easy容易的，形容词；easily容易地，副词.故选C。
23．
句意：在2019年11月8日科罗拉多一个中学的学生尝试了这样的一个测验。
such如此的，形容词；so如此地，副词；very非常，副词。修饰名词test用形容词，故选A。
24．
句意：他们想出了解决学校困难情况的可能方法。
surfaces 表面；predictions 预言；situations情况、根据solutions解决方案，difficult困难的，可知是“情况”。故选C。
25．
句意：如果你的朋友没有问你拿走了你的东西，你怎么办？
in person 亲自；without asking you没有问你；no longer不再。根据文章这里是举例说明在学校中遇到的难题，可知是“没有问你就拿走你的东西”，故选B。
26．
句意：他们使用“四项检测法”来决定哪个是最好的方法。
which哪一个，代词；that 引导宾语从句，无意义，通常可以省略；where哪里，副词。根据was the best solution可知是“哪一个最好”，在从句中做主语，副词不能做主语。故选A。
27．
句意：这对相关人员是公平吗？
stupid 愚蠢的；typical典型的；fair公平的；根据it's not fair or beneficial to everyone involved.这对相关人员是不公平的也没有好处，可知是“公平的”。故选C。
28．
句意：如果一个人对所有的问题都能说“是”，那么他或她可能在做一个正确的决定。
yes是的；no不；really真地；根据it seems that he or she is making a good decision他或她可能在做一个正确的决定，结合上面的问题可知，如果这些问题答案是肯定的，那就会做出正确的决定。故选A。
29．
句意：它能直接带给学生真正的生活经历。
safely 安全地，副词；friendly有好的，形容词； directly直接地，副词。副词修饰动词bring，排除B；根据It causes the students to think about life它引起学生思考生活，可知是“直接带给学生真正的生活经历”。故选C。
30．
句意：因为学校发生了许多戏剧性的事情，四项检测法将有助于解决这些问题。
argue with 和……争吵；help with 帮助做……agree with同意……。根据found the test to be useful发现这个检测法是有用的，可知是“帮助做决定”。故选B。

（二）【2020 •黑龙江省哈尔滨市松北区二模】
Do you get lots of reading tasks as part of your homework? You might wish that you could read faster. There are some people who have said that you can learn to read at high speeds. But experts haven't agreed ____21____what they have said.
"Speed reading is not actually possible," said Schotter, a scientist at the University of the US. Schotter ____22____ that those teach others how to speed read are usually doing it by selling courses and books to make money.
In fact, speed reading ____23____since 1959, when Mr Wood introduced a speed reading program. Several US presidents have even asked their ____24____ to take speed reading courses.
However, there is no real science behind speed reading.
Schotter explained that reading is a complicated (复杂的) task. It includes four stages: a word, retrieving (检索) ____25____meaning from your memory, ____26____ it to other word, in the same sentence, and then moving on to the next word. This process uses many parts of the brain at one time. It can't be sped up.
Some people who are able to speed read ____27____ simply skimming (扫读). Skimming includes reading a passage quickly and only looking for ____28____ word or sentence. Skimmer can find out the main idea of a passage—especially if it's a topic they've known about—but they____29____be able to recall all of the details(细节).
So is there a way to become a faster reader? Research suggests you try to _____30_____ you vocabulary and read more.
根据短文内容选择最佳答案。
21. A. with B. to C. at
22. A. brought out B. tried out C. pointed out
23. A. has been advised B. has advised C. advised
24. A. performers B. clerk C. staff
25. A. their B. its C. it's
26. A. relate B. related C. relating
27. A. / B. is C. are
28. A. some B. any C. every
29. A. will B. will not C. never
30. A. improve B. rise C. lift
【答案】
21．A
22．C
23．A
24．C
25．B
26．C
27．C
28．A
29．B
30．A
【分析】
本文介绍了专家指出阅读是一个复杂的过程，无法阅读得很快。有些人的速读只是扫读。研究表明，要想读书速度快，我们应努力提高词汇量，多阅读。
21．
句意：但专家们并不同意他们的说法。
A. with和……一起，B. to向，C. at在。agree with“同意……的说法”，故选A。
22．
句意：Schotter指出，那些教别人如何快速阅读的公司通常是通过销售课程和书籍来赚钱的。
A. brought out显示，B. tried out试验，C. pointed out指出来。根据前文的“"Speed reading is not actually possible," said Schotter, ”可知，他认为速度是不可能的，因此指出这些公司只是为了赚钱的。故选C。
23．
句意：事实上，早在1959年伍德先生就提出了快速阅读的建议。
A. has been advised已经被建议，B. has advised已经建议，C. advised建议。根据“since 1959”可知，此处用现在完成时，主语speed reading与谓语advise之间是被动关系，因此用被动语态。故选A。
24．
句意：几位美国总统甚至要求他们的工作人员参加速读课程。
A. performers表演者，B. clerk职员，C. staff工作人员。根据句意表示他们的员工，不是一个人，因此用集体名词staff。故选C。
25．
句意：一个单词，从你的记忆中检索它的意思。
A. their他们的，B. its它的，C. it's它是。修饰名词meaning用形容词性物主代词，根据“a word”可知，此处表示这个单词的意思，故选B。
26．
句意：在同一个句子中，将它与其他单词联系起来，然后继续下一个单词。
A. relate叙述，B. related有关系的，C. relating涉及。此处与“retrieving (检索) ____5____meaning from your memory”和“then moving on to the next word”相并列，因此用动名词relating。故选C。
27．
句意：有些能快速阅读的人只是略读.
A. /，B. is是，C. are是。主语some people是复数形式，谓语用复数形式。故选C。
28．
句意：略读包括快速阅读一篇文章，只寻找某个单词或句子。
A. some一些，某个，B. any任何一些，C. every每一个。结合句意，略读是在文中询问某个单词或句子。故选A。
29．
句意：略读：能找出一篇文章的主旨，尤其是当这篇文章是他们已经知道的话题时，但他们却不能回忆起所有的细节。
A. will将，B. will not将不会，C. never从不。连词but前后表示转折关系，but前表示能找出一篇文章的主旨，but后表示不能回忆起所有的细节。故选B。
30．
句意：研究表明，你应该努力提高词汇量，多阅读。
A. improve改善，提高，B. rise增加，C. lift举起。根据前文的“So is there a way to become a faster reader?”可知，要成为一个阅读快的人，因此要提高词汇量。故选A。

（三）【2020 •黑龙江省牡丹江市市区中考一模】
Once upon a time, there were two neighbors living next to each other. One of them was a retired (退休的) teacher and the other was an engineer. ____31____ of them planted the same plants in their gardens.
The retired teacher gave a small amount (数量) of water to his plants and didn’t always take care of them, ______32______the other neighbor interested in technology, gave a lot of water to his plants and ____33____ them very well.
One day, a storm started suddenly during the night. The next morning, the engineer was _____34_____ to see that his plants were uprooted (将连根起 ). However, the plants ______35______ the retired teacher planted were very well.
The engineer went to the retired teacher and asked_____36_____, "We grew the same plants together. I___37___ looked after my plants better than you did to yours, and ____38____ gave them more water. Still, my plants were uprooted, but yours were not. How is that_____39_____?"
The retired teacher smiled and said, "You gave your plants more_______40_______and water, but because of that your plants didn’t need to work to find water. You made it easy for them. While I gave them just proper water and let their roots (根) _____41_____for more. And their roots went______42______, which made their position stronger."
This story is about parenting and the children are like plants. If everything_______43_______to them, they will not understand the hard work it takes to get those things. Teach them_____44_____ to walk, but let them follow their path (路线). Sometimes, it’s best to _______45_______them instead of giving them. This helps to develop their independence.
Choose the best choice from A, B or C according to what you read.
31. A. Neither B. Both C. All
32. A. while B. unless C. though
33. A. dressed up B. parted with C. cared for
34. A. afraid B. surprised C. scared
35. A. who B. whose C. which
36. A. in disbelief B. for sure C. with excitement
37. A. exactly B. actually C. recently
38. A. even B. anyway C. almost
39. A. simple B. necessary C. possible
40. A. attention B. preparation C. pressure
41. A. search B. to search C. searching
42. A. longer and longer B. faster and faster C. deeper and deeper
43 A. gave B. is given C. has given
44. A. why B. how C. when
45. A. accept B. change C. guide
【答案】
31．B
32．A
33．C
34．B
35．C
36．A
37．B
38．A
39．C
40．A
41．A
42．C
43．B
44．B
45．C
【分析】
本文讲述了一位退休老师和一位工程师是邻居，他们种植同样的植物，但是长得却不一样。这位退休的老师给了他的植物少量的水，并不总是照顾它们，但是他的植物长得很好。而那位工程师给了植物很多水，照顾得很好，但是他的植物长得不好。这个故事告诉我们教育孩子就像照顾植物一样。最好是引导孩子而不是给予孩子太多，这有助于培养他们的独立性。
31．
句意：他们俩在花园里种了同样的植物。
A. Neither两者都不，B. Both两者都，C. All三者或三者以上都。根据前文的“there were two neighbors”和根据后文的“We grew the same plants together.”可知，他们两个都种同样的植物，故选B。
32．
句意：这位退休的老师给了他的植物少量的水，并不总是照顾它们，而另一位对工艺感兴趣的邻居，给了它们很多水，把它们照顾得很好。
A. while当……时候，而，B. unless除非，C. though尽管。此处这两个邻居进行对比，故选A。
33．
句意：这位退休的老师给了他的植物少量的水，并不总是照顾它们，而另一位对工艺感兴趣的邻居，给了它们很多水，把它们照顾得很好。
A. dressed up打扮，B. parted with与……分开，C. cared for关心。根据前半句的“gave a lot of water to his plants”可知，他给植物很多水，因此表示照顾得非常好。故选C。
34．
句意：第二天早上，这位工程师惊讶地看见他的植物被连根拔起。
A. afraid担心的，B. surprised惊讶的，C. scared害怕的。根据“to see that his plants were uprooted”可知，看见他的植物被连根拔起，他感到惊讶，故选B。
35．
句意：然而，那位退休老师种的植物非常好。
A. who先行词是人，且在句中作主语；B. whose先行词是物，且在句中作定语；C. which先行词是物，且在句中作主语或宾语。先行词plants表示事物，后面的定语从句中谓语planted后缺少宾语，因此用which引导定语从句，故选C。
36．
句意：工程师走到退休教师面前，难以置信地问。
A. in disbelief难以置信地，B. for sure毫无疑问，C. with excitement兴奋地。根据后文的“Still, my plants were uprooted, but yours were not.”可知，这位工程师的植物被连根拔起，那位退休工程师的植物却很好，因此他感到难以置信，故选A。
37．
句意：我实际上比你更好地照顾我的植物，甚至给它们更多的水。
A. exactly恰好地，B. actually事实上，C. recently最近。根据前文的“______2______the other neighbor interested in technology, gave a lot of water to his plants and ____3____ them very well.”可知，事实上这位工程师照顾得植物更好，故选B。
38．
句意：我实际上比你更好地照顾我的植物，甚至给它们更多的水。
A. even甚至，B. anyway无论如何，C. almost几乎。此处强调给他的植物更多的水，故选A。
39．
句意：这怎么可能？
A. simple简单的，B. necessary必要的，C. possible可能的。结合上文可知，自己给植物更多的照顾，却长得不如那位退休老师的好，因此认为这是怎么可能的，故选C。
40．
句意：你给了你的植物更多的关心和水，但正因为如此，你的植物不需要努力来寻找水。
A. attention注意力，B. preparation准备，C. pressure压力。根据前文的“______2______the other neighbor interested in technology, gave a lot of water to his plants and ____3____ them very well.”可知，他给他的植物更多的关注，故选A。
41．
句意：而我只是给它们适当的水，让它们的根去寻找更多的水。
A. search搜寻，是动词原形；B. to search搜寻，是动词不定式；C. searching搜寻，是动名词或现在分词。let sb do sth“让某人做某事”，故选A。
42．
句意：它们的根越来越深，这使它们的地位更加稳固。
A. longer and longer越来越长，B. faster and faster越来越快，C. deeper and deeper越来越深。根据“which made their position stronger.”可知，能让植物更加稳固，应是它们的根更深了。故选C。
43．
句意：如果什么都给了它们，它们就不会明白获得这些东西需要付出多大的努力。
A. gave给，是一般过去时；B. is given被给，是一般现在时的被动形式；C. has given给，是现在完成时。主语everything与谓语give之间是被动关系，因此用被动语态，故选B。
44．
句意：教他们如何走路，但让他们走自己的路。
A. why为什么，B. how如何，C. when何时。根据句意，此处表示教他们如何走路，故选B。
45．
句意：有时候，最好是引导他们，而不是给予他们。
A. accept接受，B. change改变，C. guide指导。根据前文的“Teach them___14_____ to walk,”可知，此处表示教授他们，因此是指导他们，故选C。

（四）【2020 •浙江省杭州市下城区一模】
"Oh boys, don't throw stones at the poor bird," said an old gray-headed man, "Sir." said a little fellow, "she makes such a loud noise that we can't suffer from her" "Yes, but she uses the voice which ___21___ gave her, and I am afraid the stone will rebound (弹回), and ___22___ you as long as you live!" "Rebound! We don't understand you, sir!" "Well, come and I will tell you a story.
"Fifty years ago, I was a boy like you. I used to throw stones ___23___ I became very skilled. One day I went to work for an old couple. They were very kind to everybody and everything.___24___ had so many birds making their nests under the roofs of their houses. The birds seemed to ___25___ the couple. One of the birds got used to building her nest in the same place and ___26___ her young chicks there. She and her mate had just returned when I went there to work and the couple welcomed them heartily. The bird hopped about as if she was glad to be back. During the day, I thought I would try my ___27___upon her. She sat on a pole and looked at me trustfully. I found a nice stone, and I threw it with my greatest skill.It struck the bird on the head and she drooped dead! "
"I was sorry when I saw her ___28___. But the deed was done. I said ___29___to the old couple about it. But one of their grandchildren told them what I had done. Though the couple ___30___ said a word to me. I knew that they were deeply saddened by my bad behavior. I could never ___31___ them in the face afterwards. Oh, that I should have told them how sorry I was!"
"They have been ___32___ many years and so has the poor bird; but don't you see ___33___ that stone rebounded, and hit me? How much the ___34___ of it has hurt me! For fifty years I have remembered it. I have never spoken of it before; but if what I have said will ___35___ you from throwing a stone that may rebound I will be happy. "
21. A. nature B. trainer C. talent D. experience
22. A. remind B. hurt C. punish D. recall
23. A. as B. when C. until D. while
24. A. Many B. None C. All D. Few
25. A. love B. hate C. fear D. surprise
26. A. held B. raised C. lived D. grew
27. A. ability B. work C. skill D. idea
28. A. fall B. fly C. hide D. cry
29. A. everything B. nothing C. something D. anything
30. A. hardly B. nearly C. totally D. never
31. A. look for B. look into C. look at D. look over
32. A. dead B. angry C. sad D. sorry
33. A. what B. where C. how D. why
34. A. accident B. memory C. event D. activity
35. A. separate B. protect C. prevent D. help
【答案】
21．A
22．B
23．C
24．D
25．A
26．B
27．C
28．A
29．B
30．D
31．C
32．A
33．C
34．B
35．C
【分析】
这篇短文主要讲述了一位老人看见小男孩向鸟扔石头，他阻止了他们，给他们讲了自己小时候向鸟扔石头杀死鸟而终生后悔的故事。
21．
句意：但她用的是大自然赋予她的声音。
nature自然；trainer训练师；talent有才能的；experience经历，经验。根据上文“she makes such a loud noise that we can't suffer from her”可知，不能忍受小鸟的噪音，可知下文是说她的声音是大自然给予她的。这里是大自然。故选A。
22．
句意：我怕石头会反弹，伤害你一辈子！
remind 提醒； hurt 伤害；punish 惩罚；recall召回。根据上文“and I am afraid the stone will rebound (弹回)”可知，这里是说石头反弹回来会伤害你一辈子。故选B。
23．
句意：我过去常常扔石头，直到我变得非常熟练。
as 当……时候；when 当……时候； until 直到； while当……的时候。根据下文“I became very skilled.”可知，这里是直到我变得很有技能。这里是时间状语从句，用until连接。故选C。
24．
句意：他们对每个人都很好。很少有这么多鸟在屋顶下筑巢。
Many许多；None没有人； All 全都； Few很少。根据下文“They were very kind to everybody and everything.”可知，这里是说他们非常的好，很少有这么多的鸟在他们的屋顶下筑巢。故选D。
25．
句意：鸟儿们似乎很喜欢这对夫妇。
love爱； hate 讨厌；fear害怕；surprise吃惊的；根据上文“They were very kind to everybody and everything. ___4___ had so many birds making their nests under the roofs of their houses.”可知，这里是说那对夫妇人好，所以鸟们喜欢那对夫妇。故选A。
26．
句意：其中一只鸟习惯于在同一个地方筑巢，并在那里养育幼雏。
held举行； raised 筹集，养育； lived 居住；grew长大。根据上文“One of the birds got used to building her nest in the same place”可知，这里是他们习惯在同一个地方筑巢，可知在这里养育幼鸟。故选B。
27．
句意： 我想我要在她身上试试我的本领。
ability能力；work 工作；skill技能；idea主意。根据下文“She sat on a pole and looked at me trustfully. I found a nice stone, and I threw it with my greatest skill It struck the bird on the head and she drooped dead!”可知，这里是我想在那只鸟身上试试技能。故选C。
28．
句意：当我看到她掉下来时我很抱歉。
fall落下； fly飞；hide 隐藏；cry哭。根据“I was sorry”及上文他想在鸟身上试试技能。可知是用石头打到那只鸟了。故选A。
29．
句意：但事情已经做了。我对那对老夫妇什么也没说。
everything一切； nothing 没什么；something 某物； anything任何东西。根据“I was sorry when I saw her ___8___ . But the deed was done.”可知，他对那对夫人什么都没说。这里是表示什么都没说。故选B。
30．
句意： 虽然那对夫妇从来没跟我说过一句话。
hardly 几乎不；nearly 几乎；totally完全地； never绝不，从不。根据下文“I knew that they were deeply saddened by my bad behavior.” 我知道他们对我的不良行为深感悲痛。可知，这里是说尽管那对夫妇人们都没有说，这里是否定意义。故选D。
31．
句意：我以后再也不能当面看他们。哦，我真该告诉他们我有多抱歉！
look for寻找；look into考查，调查； look at 看；look over浏览。根据“Oh, that I should have told them how sorry I was!”可知，这里是说不能面对面的看他们。故选C。
32．
句意：他们已经死了很多年了，可怜的小鸟也死了。
dead 死的；angry 生气的；sad悲伤的；sorry对不起。根据“so has the poor bird”可知，这里是他们已经死了好多年了。那只小鸟也是。故选A。
33．
句意：但你没看见那块石头是怎么弹起来的，然后打到我身上的吗？
what 什么；where 在哪儿； how怎样；why为什么。根据下文“and hit me”可知，上文是那块石头是怎样打在我身上的。故选C。
34．
句意：对它的记忆伤害了我多少！
accident事故；memory 记忆； event 事件；activity 活动。根据“For fifty years I have remembered it.”可知，我一直记着，可知这里是它的记忆对我的伤害。故选B。
35．
句意：但如果我所说的话能阻止你扔一块可能反弹的石头，我会很高兴的。
separate分开； protect 保护； prevent阻止； help帮助。这里是说如果我说的话能阻止你扔石头，我会高兴。故选C。