2022版高考英语（外研版）一轮复习学案：选修8 Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe

[单词　拼写应用]

核心单词

1.historic adj.历史性的，有重大历史意义的

2．witness v．目击，亲眼看见；亲身经历

3．burst v．爆炸

4．view v．看，观察

5．decade n．十年

6．acknowledge v．承认；认为

7．deed n．行为

8．defeat n．& v．失败；击败

9．accuse v．指责

10．sorrow n．悲伤；悲痛

11．tune v．收看(电视)；收听(广播)

12．deliberately adv.蓄意地；故意地

[语境运用]　用所给词的适当形式填空。

1．(2019·浙江卷)We've gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades(decade) ago when parents tended to be more strict.

2．(2018·天津卷)I knew we were going to win, but to my disappointment we were_defeated(defeat)．

3．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Silence may be_viewed(view) by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap (间隙) with conversation.

4．Since 1978 the city has_witnessed(witness)great changes.

5．There are many good deeds(deed) in our class, indeed in the whole school.

拓展单词

1.accustom v．使习惯于→accustomed adj.习惯的

2．assume v．假定，假设→assuming conj.假定，如果→assumption n．假定，假设

3．patient adj.耐心的n.病人→patience n．耐心→patiently adv.耐心地

4．advance v．& n．前进；进展→advanced adj.高级的，先进的

5．depend v．依靠；取决于→dependent adj.依赖的→dependence n．依赖，依靠→independence n．独立

6．relief n．安慰；宽慰→relieve v．安慰；宽慰

7．devote v．致力于→devoted adj.忠诚的→devotion n．忠诚

8．observe v．观察→observation n．观察；监视

[语境运用]　用所给词的适当形式填空。

1．Although the patient was out of patience,_the nurse was still patient with her work and did it patiently.(patient)

2．At first, Anne totally depended on Jack, her husband.After many years of struggle, she gained her independence and now she is dependent on herself to lead a new life.(depend)

3．It was first assumed that he was the murderer, but later it turned out to be a false assumption.(assume)

4．With the help of the advanced technology, we can complete the task in advance.(advance)

5．Mr Black is my devoted friend.He devotes his life to doing scientific research.I respect his devotion to science.(devote)

阅读单词

1.leap v．飞跃，跳跃

2．random adj.任意的；随机的

3．tension n．紧张关系

4．authority n．权力；权威

5．swear v．起誓保证

6．grasp n．控制

7.glory n．光荣；荣誉

8．abstract adj.抽象的

9．broad adj.丰富的；广泛的

10．sympathy n．同情；同情心

11．commitment n．忠诚；奉献

12．consistent adj.一致的；吻合的

13.dignity n．尊贵；尊严

14．acute adj.剧烈的；激烈的

15．stable adj.稳定的；安定的

16．supreme adj.最高超的；最优的

17．consult v．咨询；请教

18．impact n．影响，作用

1．(2017·江苏卷)However, one day, in the music class that was part of his school's standard curriculum, he was playing idly (随意地) on the piano and found it easy to pick out tunes.曲调

2．(2015·湖北卷)With every planted food, Loe noted, there's a moment when it's bursting with its absolute peak flavor.充满

[短语　多维应用]

[句式　结构仿写]

1．accustomed adj.习惯的；通常的，惯常的

(1)be accustomed to (doing)sth.习惯于做某事(状态)

get/become accustomed to (doing)sth.习惯于做某事(动作)

(2)accustom vt.使习惯于

accustom oneself to (doing)sth.使自己习惯于(做)某事

take his accustomed seat by the fire 坐在火炉旁他常坐的座位上

a person accustomed to having eight hours' sleep a night 一个习惯每晚睡8小时的人

accustom myself to all the new rules and regulations 使自己适应所有的规章制度

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①(2015·浙江卷)However, instead of devoting themselves to their work, they find themselves working to support the lifestyle to which they have so quickly become accustomed(accustom)．

②Having lots of interesting things to do, I finally got accustomed to enjoying (enjoy) my school life.

[能力提升]——一句多译

我习惯于生活在乡村，总是觉得生活在城市很困难。

①Accustomed_to_living_in_the_country,_I always find it hard to live in the city.(过去分词短语作状语)

②Accustoming_myself_to_living_in_the_country,_I always find it hard to live in the city.(现在分词短语作状语)

2．assume v．假设，假定，认为；承担

(1)assume that...假定，认为……

assume...to be...认为……是……；假定……是……

assume the duty/responsibility 承担责任

(2)assuming that 假定……(作状语)

(3)assumption n．假定，假设

assume him to be innocent until he is proved guilty

疑罪者从无

assume the responsibility for it 为此承担责任

assuming that you are right 假定你是对的

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①(2018·江苏卷)Try to understand what's actually happening instead of acting on the assumption(assume) you've made.

②Where unemployment and crime are high, it can be_assumed(assume) that the latter is due to the former.

③Assuming(assume) that he isn't that lucky, what shall we do to comfort him?

[能力提升]——词汇升级

(普通表达)If there wasn't the hard work of the dustmen, what can you imagine our environment would be?

(高级表达)Assuming_(that) there wasn't the hard work of the dustmen, what can you imagine our environment would be?

3．acknowledge v．承认；认为；感谢；告知收到

[一词多义]——写出下列句中acknowledge的含义

①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ )Her years of hard work have finally been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.承认，认可

②I'm going to invite you to dinner with me to acknowledge your favor.感谢

③The army sent me a postcard acknowledging my request.告知收到

④Almost all the people present acknowledged that he was innocent.认为

acknowledge doing sth.承认做了某事

acknowledge sb.as.../to be...认为……是……(常用于被动语态)

It is widely/universally acknowledged that...大家公认……

refuse to acknowledge being defeated 拒绝承认被打败

be acknowledged to be a master of Peking Opera 被认为是京剧大师

be acknowledged as a must­see tourist attraction in China 被认为是中国必看景点

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①With no solid evidence, he refused to acknowledge stealing(steal) the lady's purse.

②Mark Twain is acknowledged to_be(be) one of the best writers in America.

[能力提升]——完成句子

大家一致认为除非我们创造一个污染更少的世界，否则我们不可能看到更蓝的天空。

It_is_widely_acknowledged_that we can never expect a bluer sky unless we create a less polluted world.

4．accuse sb.of sth.指责/控告某人……

(1)accuse sb.of (doing) sth.＝ charge sb.with (doing) sth.控告/指责某人做某事

accuse sb.for sth.为某事指责某人

(2)the accused 被告

be accused of causing the accident 被指控造成了这次事故

be accused of purposely making trouble 被指责故意找事

get accused for all the serious consequences 由于严重的后果收到指控

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①The shop assistant was dismissed as she was accused of cheating customers.

＝The shop assistant was dismissed as she was charged with cheating customers.

②Man often accuses nature for his own misfortune.

③The accused(accuse) was declared to be innocent by the court for lack of proof.

[能力提升]——句式升级

普通表达：The woman was accused of stealing 1.2 million dollars and she was trying to find herself a lawyer.

①高级表达：The woman accused_of_stealing_1.2_million_dollars was trying to find herself a lawyer.(过去分词短语作定语)

②高级表达：The woman who_was_accused_of_stealing_1.2_million_dollars was trying to find herself a lawyer.(定语从句)

5．(教材P69)Incredible_as_it_may_seem,_both the observations of science and the evidence of our eyes lead to the inescapable assumption that ...尽管看起来不可思议，但科学观测以及我们肉眼看到的证据都必然会让我们做出一个设想……

[句型公式]　本句为主从复合句，incredible as it may seem是由as引导的让步状语从句，其中Incredible as it may seem＝Although it may seem incredible。

as引导让步状语从句时，从句需倒装。其结构为：

(1)单数可数名词(无冠词)/形容词＋ as/though＋ 主语＋ be＋ 其他成分

(2)动词原形＋as/though＋主语＋助动词/情态动词＋其他成分

(3)副词＋as/though＋主语＋谓语动词＋其他成分

[金句推送]　(陕西卷)Hot as the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.

尽管夜晚很炎热，但是我们睡得很深，因为经过一天长途旅行我们都非常疲惫。

[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错

①Try as/though you may, you won't be able to persuade him.

②Child as he is, but he likes to be treated like an adult.去掉but

[能力提升]——句式升级

普通表达：Although they tried hard, they couldn't make her change her mind.

高级表达：Hard_as/though_they_tried,_they couldn't make her change her mind.(倒装句)

多维训练——夯实基础

维度1——用所给词的正确形式填空

1．The film festival is_acknowledged(acknowledge) as an event of international importance.

2．Farmers will have a good harvest, assuming(assume) that the weather is favorable.

3．Accustomed(accustom) to climb the steep mountains, he had no difficulty reaching the top.

4．I tried to comfort him after he was_defeated(defeat) by his opponent.

5．The new government must set out to_find(find) solutions to the country's economic problems.

维度2——在空白处填入一个适当的词

1．They probably fear that they are wrongly accused of knocking down the old man.

2．Try as/though he might, he couldn't get the door open.

3．If you don't know which university to go to, consult the teacher for advice.

4．To my great relief, grandmother's illness proved not to be as serious as we had feared.

5．If you are interested in something, devote yourself to it and finally you will make it.

维度3——查缺补漏(单句语法填空/单句改错)

1．With economy development at great speed, our city has_witnessed(witness) quite a few changes in recent years.

2．The teacher will put forward a variety of questions, depending(depend) on your different answers.

3．I want to start making changes in my life, but I'm not sure how to get things set it in motion.

4．If you don't stop making that noise now, I'll be out of the patience with you! 去掉the

5．Devoting to his teaching work all the time, the teacher really required a good rest.Devoting→Devoted或Devoting后加himself

维度4——话题写作

1．补全要点句(加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇或句式)

①过去的十年见证了在太空科技中取得的一系列历史性的成功。

The_past_decade_witnessed_a_series_of_historic_achievements in space technology.

②虽然我们对火星所知甚少，但是人类已开始探测火星。

Though we know little about Mars, man set_out_to_explore Mars.

③已有30多个探测器成功到达火星。

More than 30 probes have_made_it to Mars.

④尽管如此，人们认为我们应该知道更多关于火星的知识。

In_spite_of_that,_people_acknowledge_that_we ought to know more about Mars.

⑤虽然火星表面与地球的表面相似，但是火星上是否有生命取决于进一步的研究。

Though its surface is_similar_to that of the earth, whether there is life on the Mars depends_on_further research.

2．升级平淡句

(1)用倒装句改写句②

Little_as_we_know_about_Mars,_man_set_out_to_explore_Mars.

(2)用被动语态改写句④

In_spite_of_that,_it_is_acknowledged_that_we_ought_to_know_more_about_Mars.

3．衔接成美文(注意利用适当的过渡衔接词汇：furthermore, so far)

The past decade witnessed a series of historic achievements in space technology.Furthermore, little as we know about Mars, man set out to explore Mars.So far, more than 30 probes have made it to Mars.In spite of that, it is acknowledged that we ought to know more about Mars.Though its surface is similar to that of the earth, whether there is life on the Mars depends on further research.