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    专题10 名词和冠词-十年(2012-2021)高考英语真题分项详解(全国通用) 解析版

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    这是一份专题10 名词和冠词-十年(2012-2021)高考英语真题分项详解(全国通用) 解析版,共19页。
    专题10 名词和冠词
    【2021年】
    1.(2021·天津卷)Great improvements in public health have been brought about by ________ in medical science.
    A.traditions B.advances C.pressures D.examples
    【答案】B
    【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:医学的进步带来了公共健康的巨大改善。A. traditions传统;B. advances前进,进步;C. pressures压力;D. examples例子。根据上文“Great improvements in public health have been brought about”可知,公共健康的巨大改善是由医学的进步带来的,advances符合语境。故选B。
    2. (2021·全国乙卷)
    ……
    Provide 68 (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
    Make sure that the tourism provides positive experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
    Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. 69 (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.
    【答案】68. financial 69.activities
    【解析】68.被考查词位于名词aid之前,故判断考点为形容词。
    69.被考查项为名词,位于主语的位置,且谓语动词range为复数形式,故考点为名词变复数。
    3. (2021·新高考I卷)Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song“The Long and Winding Road”. What is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ____57____ (human) are.
    【答案】57. humans
    【解析】57 .考查名词复数。句意:当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海,你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。human是we的同位语,we为复数,应用human的复数形式。故填humans。
    …….
    As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in mine .While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is ____65____ must to visit!
    【答案】65.a
    【解析】65.考查冠词。句意:当你在中国的时候,黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must作名词时,意为“绝对必要的事物”,为可数名词,此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”,应用不定冠词,must是以辅音音素开头的词,应用a。故填a。
    4. (2021·浙江卷)Beautifully restored(修复)to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln's home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ___38___ (marry)ceremony in 1842.
    【答案】38. marriage
    【解析】38.考查名词。句意:1844年,他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地,查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词可知,此处要用名词形式;结合设空处后的ceremony,可知此处意为“婚礼”;提示词marry意为“婚姻”,其名词形式为marriage,marriage ceremony意为“婚礼”。故填marriage。
    5.(2021年全国甲卷)
    We hired our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky but did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all ___48___ way around the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and ___49___ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines.
    【答案】
    48. the
    49. watchtowers
    【解析】
    【48题】考查冠词。句意:我们绕着西安城墙走了大约3个小时。结合句意表示“一直;完全地”可知短语为all the way,故用定冠词the限定名词way。故填the。
    【49题】考查名词复数。句意:据说你可以在两个小时内完成,但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照,或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词different可知,此处可数名词watchtower是复数概念,应用其复数形式。故填watchtowers。
    【2020年】
    1.(2020·新课标I卷)The far side of the moon is of particular 64 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山),more so than the familiar near side.
    【答案】interest
    【解析】考查名词。句意:月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知,空处应填名词,interest是不可数名词,be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。
    2.(2020·新课标I卷)Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick.
    【答案】将chopstick改为chopsticks
    【解析】考查名词复数。句意:下一步我把鸡蛋打到一个碗里,然后用筷子快速搅拌。chopstick是可数名词,意为“筷子”,通常以复数形式出现,故将chopstick改为chopsticks。
    3.(2020·新课标II卷)Chinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.
    【答案】celebration
    【解析】考查名词。句意:中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。
    4.(2020·新课标II卷)Luckily,I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations.
    【答案】将vacations改为vacation
    【解析】考查不可数名词。句意:幸运的是,两周后我就要回家过暑假。分析句子,vacation译为“假期”是个不可数名词,后面不可加s表示复数。Summer vacation 译为“暑期”是固定搭配。故将vacations改为vacation。
    5.(2020·新课标III卷)Filled with 64. (curious),the artist packed his bags and left.
    【答案】curiosity
    【解析】考查名词。句意:怀着好奇心,艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词,后跟名词curiosity作宾语,表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。
    6. (2020·江苏卷)The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable ______.
    A. reservation B. transformation C. distinction D. submission
    【答案】B
    【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:许多国家的卫生安全系统正在经历重大变革。A. reservation预订;B. transformation改革,变革;C. distinction区别;D. submission提交。根据前文The health security systems可知,此处指“卫生安全系统的变革”。故选B。
    7.(2020·山东卷)Historical 44. (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.
    【答案】accuracy
    【解析】考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要,但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语,位于形容词historical之后,应使用名词,意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。
    8.(2020·浙江卷)Later,they learned to work with the 62. (season),planting at the right time and,in dry areas, 63(making) (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
    【答案】seasons
    【解析】考查名词复数。句意:后来,他们学会了因地制宜,在适当的时间播种,在干旱地区,利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子,提示词的词性为为可数名词,应用复数形式。故填seasons。
    【2019年】
    1.【2019·江苏卷】Nowadays the ___________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.
    A. priority B. potential C. proportion D. pension
    【答案】A
    【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:当今,旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A. priority优先;优先权;B. potential潜在的,可能的;C. proportion比例,占比;D. pension退休金,抚恤金。故选A。
    2.【2019·天津卷】We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ___________on our lives in many ways.
    A. statement B. impact
    C. impression D. judgment
    【答案】B
    【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了强烈的影响。 statement“陈述说明”; impact“强烈的影响,冲击力”; impression“印象,感想”; judgement“判断力判断”。故选B。
    3.【2019·新课标I卷】Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations,three are declining,six are (be) stable,one is increasing,and nine lack enough data.
    【答案】the
    【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指,意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”,故填the。
    4【2019·新课标I卷】Suddenly football feel just in front of me but almost hit me.
    【答案】 Suddenly football fell just in front of me almost hit me.
    【解析】考查冠词。名词football为可数名词,前边需要有限定词。这里football第一次出现,故在football前加a;考查连词。句意:突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。“足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系,不是转折关系。故将but改为and。
    5.【2019·浙江卷】Everybody wears___57___ same style of clothes.
    【答案】the
    【解析】考查冠词。句意:每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词,意思是“相同的”,常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。
    【2018年】
    1.【2018·天津】The__________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
    A. advice B. order
    C. possibility D. invitation
    【答案】C
    【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意:宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空间。A. advice建议;B. order命令;C. possibility可能性;D. invitation邀请。故选C。
    2. 【2018·新课标卷I】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).
    【答案】causes
    【解析】考查名词复数。一项研究表明,仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步,就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。
    3. 【2018·新课标卷I】During my last winter holiday,I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.
    【答案】countryside前加the 考查冠词。去年寒假,我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是乡下,故加定冠词the。
    【解析】countryside前加the 考查冠词。去年寒假,我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是乡下,故加定冠词the。
    4. 【2018·新课标卷II】Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ___62___ past 25 years,while rice has increased only 7 percent.
    【答案】the
    【解析】考查冠词。句意:玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%,而大米只增长了7%。故是特指在过去的25年里。故填the。
    5. 【2018·新课标卷III】Unexpectedly,I'm face-to-face with the gorilla,who begins screaming at ____62____ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream,and then a 400-pound male appears.
    【答案】the
    【解析】考查冠词。此处为固定短语at the top of,此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。
    6. 【2018·新课标卷III】My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ___66___(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
    【答案】scientist
    【解析】根据语境可知,我是一名科学家。scientist科学家。
    7. 【2018·浙江卷】Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 56 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.
    【答案】dishes
    【解析】考查名词。此处指中国菜,表示泛指应该用名词复数,故填dishes。
    8. 【2018·浙江卷】F Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 64 (weigh) problems.
    【答案】weight
    【解析】考查名词。此处指体重问题,用名词修饰problems,故填weight。
    【2017年】
    1. 【2017·新课标卷I】As 65 result,people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.
    【答案】a
    【解析】考查冠词。固定短语as a result表示"结果"。句意:结果,人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填a。
    2. 【2017·新课标卷II 】It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible  61 (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and fromwork.
    【答案】crowds
    【解析】考查名词复数。因为crowd为可数名词,并且其前没有限定词,所以此处用其复数形式。
    3. 【2017·新课标卷II 】This included digging up the road, laying (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over  64 top.
    【答案】the
    【解析】考查冠词。此处指的是在顶端建造一个结实的顶,所以在 top前加the。
    【2016年】
    1.【2016·浙江】It is important to pay your electricity bill on time ,as late payments may affect your ______.
    A. condition B. income C. credit D. status
    【答案】C
    【解析】句意:准时付电费很重要,因为付晚了会影响你的信用。condition条件;income收入;credit学分,信用(卡);status地位。根据句意故选C。
    2.【2016·天津】The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _____ of rain later tonight.
    A. effect B. sense C. change D. chance
    【答案】D
    【解析】句意:天气预报说今天会是多云,后半夜可能有雨。A.影响;B.感觉;C.改变;D.机会,可能性。故选D。
    3.【2016·浙江】______prize for the winner of the competition is ______two-week holiday in Paris.
    A. The ; 不填 B. A ; 不填 C. A ; the D. The ; a
    【答案】D
    【解析】句意:这个比赛获胜者的奖品是一个巴黎的两个星期的假期。第一空填the,是特指“获胜者的奖品”,用定冠词,第二空是泛指“一个两周的假期”,用不定冠词a。故选A。
    4.【2016·江苏】 — Can you tell us your for happiness and a long life?
    — Living every day to the full,definitely.
    A. recipe B. record C. range D. receipt
    【答案】A
    【解析】考查名词词义辨析。recipe秘诀,食谱,药方;record记录;range范围;receipt收据,收条。根据句意可知A项"秘诀"符合题意。
    【2015年】
    1.(2015﹒湖北) When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his ___ and had a bad fall.
    A. balance B .chance C .memory D .place
    【答案】A
    【解析】句意:男孩在追他哥哥时,重重的摔了一跤。A项“平衡”;B项“机会”;C项“记忆”;D项“地方”。Lose one’s balance“失去平衡”。故选A项。
    2.(2015﹒湖北)He gave himself a new name to hide his ____ when he went to carry out the secret task.
    A. emotion B. talent C. identity D. treasure
    【答案】C
    【解析】句意:他执行一项秘密任务时,给自己起了一个新的名字来掩盖身份。A项“情绪”;B项“才能”;C项“身份”;D项“财富”。故选C项。
    3.(2015﹒安徽)There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some ______ and then let me know.
    A. thought B. support C. protection D. authority
    【答案】A
    【解析】句意:现在没必要告诉我答案,你再思考一下,之后告诉我。A思考;B支持;C保护;D权威,当局。这里指让对方再好好想想,故选A。
    4.(2015﹒江苏)—Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.
    —I’d like to, but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my ______ .
    A. requests B. excuses C. apologies D. regrets
    【答案】C
    【解析】句意:—Dave,去跟你的妈妈道歉。—我想这样做,但是我担心她对我的道歉不满意。A项“请求”;B项“借口”;C项“道歉”;D项“遗憾,后悔”。故选C项。
    5.(2015﹒江苏)Some schools will have to make ______ in agreement with the national soccer reform.
    A. judgments B. adjustments C. comments D. achievements
    【答案】B
    【解析】句意:为了与国家的足球改革相适应,一些学校必须做出调整。A项“判断,决断”;B项“调整”;C项“评价,评论”;D项“成就”。故选B项。
    6. (2015﹒福建)The failure was a big _________to him, but he wasn't discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.
    A. blow B. issue C. excuse D. Factor
    【答案】A
    【解析】考查名词辨析A.blow打击;B.issue问题;C.excuse借口;D.factor要素。该句意思为:这个失败对他来说是一个打击,但是他没有泄气,很快振作恢复了原来的热情。故选A
    7.(2015﹒浙江)One of the most effective ways to reduce is to talk about feeling with someone you trust.
    A. production B. stress C. energy D. passive
    【答案】B
    【解析】句意:一种最有效的减压方法就是和你觉得信任的人谈谈你的想法。A. production意为产品, B. stress意为压力, C. energy意为能源, D. passive意为力量。此题考查的是4个名词的词义辨析,需要正确理解该句的语义。根据常识可以知道,和别人谈心应该来说是减压。所以答案是B. stress意为压力。
    8.(2015﹒陕西) more learned a man is, more modest be usually become.
    A. The ; the B. A; a C. The ; a D. A; the
    【答案】A
    【解析】句意:一个人越有学识,他就越可能谦虚,使用the+比较级+主谓的句型,所以选A。
    9.(2015﹒四川).Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be Beethoven.
    A. a B. an C. the D.不填
    【答案】A
    【解析】考查冠词。本题考查不定冠词在人名前,表示:一个像…那样的人。故选择A,句意为:Brian在创作音乐上极有才华,他很有可能成为一个像贝多芬那样的人才。
    10.(2015﹒浙江) Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write children’s book for many years, but one thing or another always got in way.
    A. a;不填 B. the;the C. 不填;the D. a;the
    【答案】D
    【解析】句意:多年来,简的奶奶想写一本有关于儿童的书,但总是被这样或那样的原因阻碍了。第一个空使用不定冠词表泛指,第二个in the way 是固定搭配,意为挡道或阻碍。定冠词用于特指或者是固定搭配,不定冠词用于泛指。选D。
    11.(2015﹒重庆) I just heard____ bank where Dora works was robbed by____ gunman wearing a mask.
    A. the; / B. a; / C. the; a D. a; the
    【答案】C
    【解析】句意为我刚刚听说朵拉工作的那家银行被一个戴面具的持枪人给抢劫。第一个空表示朵拉工作的那家银行,可表示特指,用the;第二空表示一个戴面具的持枪人表示泛指,用a。
    【2014年】
    1.(2014﹒安徽)—Why not buy a second­hand car first if you don't have enough money for a new one?
    —That's a good________.
    A.saying B.question C.suggestion D.account
    【答案】C 
    【解析】saying谚语,格言,名言;question问题,议题;suggestion建议;account账目,账户。“Why not do sth?”表示建议做某事。句意:“如果你的钱不够买一辆新车,何不先买辆二手车?”“好建议!”故选C。
    2.(2014﹒福建)—Could you tell me the________ of making such tasty cakes?
    —Well, I just follow the directions in the cookbook.
    A.feature B.plan C.cost D.trick
    【答案】D
    【解析】句意:“你能告诉我制作如此美味蛋糕的窍门吗?”“喔,我只是按照食谱上的说明做的。”feature特色,特征;plan计划,方案;cost费用,代价,成本;trick窍门,花招,诡计。根据句意可知选择D项。
    3.(2014﹒江苏)She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful ________ in last year's election.
    A.symbol B.portrait C.identity D.statue
    【答案】A
    【解析】句意:虽然2年前就已遭软禁,但她在去年的选举中仍然是有影响力的象征。symbol象征,标志;portrait肖像,描写; identity身份,同一性; statue雕像,塑像。根据语境可知A项正确。
    4.(2014﹒天津)Wind is now the world's fastest growing ________ of power.
    A. source B. sense C. result D. root
    【答案】A
    【解析】source 源泉,来源;sense感觉,仪式;result 结果;root根源,背景,根。 句意:风现在是世界上增长最快的能源。
    5.(2014﹒浙江)We most prefer to say yes to the ________ of someone we know and like.
    A.attempts B.requests C.doubts D.promises
    【答案】B
    【解析】句意:对于我们熟悉和喜欢的人提出的要求,我们一般都会同意的。request请求,要求;attempt 企图,尝试;doubt怀疑,疑惑;promise允诺,承诺。故选B项。
    6.(2014﹒江西) They chose Tom to be ________ captain of the team, because they knew he was ________ smart leader.
    A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a
    【答案】C
    【解析】他们选择汤姆作为这个队的队长,因为他们知道他是一位聪明的领导。第一空特指“这个队的队长”,故用the;第二空泛指“一位聪明的领导”。
    7.(2014﹒陕西) ________ village where I was born has grown into ________ town.
    A. The; a B. A; the C. The; the D. A; a
    【答案】A
    【解析】第一空后名词village后有定语从句修饰,表特指,故用the修饰;第二空后名词town是可数名词单数,表泛指,故用a修饰。故选A。
    8.(2014﹒天津) Life is like ________ ocean: only ________ strong­willed can reach the other shore.
    A. an; the B. the; a C. the ;/ D. / ; a
    【答案】A
    【解析】根据第二个空前的关键词only(只有),可知第二个空表示特指,需用定冠词the,由此可选择A。第一个空用an表示泛指,可知生活就像一个海洋似的。句意: 生活像一片海洋,只有那些意志坚强的人才能到达彼岸。
    9.(2014﹒浙江) The paper is due next month,and I am working seven days ________ week,often long into ________ night.
    A.a; the B.the; 不填 C.a; a D.不填; the
    【答案】A
    【解析】下个月要交论文了,我现在一个星期七天,每天都要学习到深夜。第一空a week中的a表示“每个,每……”,所以用不定冠词a,相当于per;而第二空into the night是固定用法,表示“入夜,深夜”,所以用定冠词the。故选A项。
    10.(2014﹒重庆) I can't tell you ________ way to the Wilsons' because we don't have ________ Wilson here in the village.
    A. the; a B. a; / C. a; the D. the; /
    【答案】A
    【解析】考查冠词的用法。way后有to the Wilsons'这一后置定语修饰,表示特指,用定冠词。姓氏前用不定冠词,表示一个叫这个名字的人,是泛指,此处意为“村子里没有一个叫Wilson的人”。
    【2013年】
    1.(2013﹒湖北)Poetry written from the ______ of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.
    A. perspective B. priority C. participation D. privilege
    【答案】A
    【解析】本题考查词汇和句意的理解。perspective 观点,看法; 角度;priority优先,优先权;participation n. 参加,参与 ;privilege n. 特权 ,权益;重点结构:written from…在句中充当后置定语。句意为从城市青年的角度来写的诗歌更加倾向于揭示他们在缺乏归属感上的焦虑。
    2.(2013﹒湖北)Carbon dioxide, which makes a ______ between us and the sun, prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is becoming warmer.
    A. difference B. comparison C. connection D. barrier
    【答案】D
    【解析】本题考查词汇和句意的理解。difference 差别,差异 ;comparison 比较,对照 ; connection 连接 ; 联系,关系 ; barrier 障碍 ; 屏障 ;本题中有一个which引导的非限制性定义从句,一个短语prevents …from…句意为二氧化碳在我们与太阳之间的形成了一道屏障,它可以防止热量轻易逃离大气层,因此地球变得越来越暖。
    3.(2013﹒湖北)An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered ______ a long lost antique Greek vase
    A. at random B. by chance C. in turn D. on occasion
    【答案】B
    【解析】本题考查短语和句意的理解。at random任意地,随便地;by chance偶然地,意外地;无意之中;碰巧;in turn轮流地;相应地;on occasion有时, 间或。句意为一个艺术家最近乘坐渡轮到那个南方岛屿旅游,他无意之中竟然发现失传已久的古希腊花瓶。
    4.(2013﹒江苏)With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a _______ for the better.
    A. share B. chance C. turn D. lead[
    【答案】C
    【解析】本题考查固定短语在语境中的使用。A. take a share分担……,为……出力 B. take a chance冒险 C. take a turn转弯,转;(情况、形势等)转变 D. take a lead领先,带头。根据本句,for the better的提示,可见是讲转变,变得更好,所以选C。句意为有了源于其他食品文化的灵感,美国饮食文化可以变得更好。
    5.(2013﹒江西)Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with ______.
    A.curiosity B. satisfaction C. envy D. patience
    【答案】D
    【解析】考查with+名词搭配的介宾短语。A. with curiosity好奇地;B. with satisfaction满意地;C. with envy羡慕地;D. with patience耐心地。句意为无论什么时候我犯了错,老师总是耐心地给我指出来。
    6.(2013﹒辽宁)The accident caused some______ to my car, but it’s nothing serious.
    A. harm B. injury C. ruin D. damage
    【答案】D
    【解析】本题考查名词词义辨析。A. harm伤害,害处 B. injury意外伤害 C. ruin毁灭(不可修复);废墟D. damage破坏,损坏(可以修复)。根据后一句it’s nothing serious,可知造成的破坏不严重,可以修复。所以选D。句意为这次事故对我的汽车造成了一些损坏,但并不严重。
    7.(2013﹒天津)While she was in Paris, she developed a ________ for fine art.
    A. way B. relation C. taste D. habit
    【答案】C
    【解析】本题考查名词的词义辨析。A项way意为“方式、方法”;B项relation意为“关系,联系”;C项taste意为“品位,鉴赏”,符合句意;而D项意为“习惯”。句意为当她在巴黎时,培养了自己鉴赏精美艺术品的品位。
    8.(2013﹒浙江)As the world’s population continues to grow, the ______ of food becomes more and more of a concern.
    A. worth B. supply C. package D. list
    【答案】B
    【解析】考查名词词义辨析。worth价值,package包装,list名单,清单, supply供应,与语境“人口增长”相对应的是“粮食供应”。句意为随着世界人口继续增长,食物的供应变得越来越受关注。
    9.(2013﹒福建) The “Chinese Dream” is ______ dream to improve people’s well-being and ______ dream of harmony, peace and development.
    A. the; a B. a; a C. a; the D. the; the
    【答案】B
    【解析】中国梦是一个提高人们的幸福感的梦想,是一个和谐、和平和发展的梦想。第一个dream为泛指,用不定冠词;第二个dream与第一个dream是并列关系,也是泛指,也用不定冠词。
    10.(2013﹒江西) Animals are obviously ______ lower form of life than _______ man.
    A. a ; / B. the ; the C. a ; the D. / ; /
    【答案】A
    【解析】很显然,与人类比起来,动物是较低级的生命形式。不定冠词与可数名词单数用在一起可表示类别;man当“人,人类”讲时,单独使用。因此正确答案为A.
    11.(2013﹒山东) It was ______ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across ____ night sky.
    A. 不填;a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; 不填
    【答案】B
    【句意】那是一个寒冷的冬天的夜晚,月光穿过夜空明亮的照耀着。本题中一个寒冷的冬夜,应该是泛指某一个冬夜的情景,第二个空则是特指那个寒冷冬夜的夜空。从语境可知第1空意为“一个寒冷的夜晚”,表泛指,要用a;第2空的名词across the night sky 意思为“划过夜空”。
    12.(2013﹒陕西) Marco Polo is said to have sailed on Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in I thirteenth century.
    A. the; a B. a; / C. /; the D. the; the
    【答案】 D
    【解析】据说十三世纪的时候,马可波罗在去爪哇的路上在太平洋航行过。世界上独一无二的事物前面要用定冠词;序数词的前面也要用定冠词,因此可以锁定答案是D。
    13.(2013﹒新课标II) Four and half hours of discussion took us up to midnight, and break for cheese, chocolate and tea with sugar.
    A. a; a B. the; the C.不填;the D. a;不填
    【答案】A
    【解析】四个半小时的讨论使我们一直熬到半夜,然后是一次休息,吃点乳酪、巧克力,喝加糖的茶。四个半个小时的表达方法常见的有两个:(1)four hours and a half (2) four and a half hours。两种方法都要用到不定冠词a,排除选项B,C;bread 做名词,当“休息”讲的时候,通常都要用到不定冠词a,排除选项C.
    14.(2013﹒新课标I) India attained independence in 1947, after long struggle.
    A.不填;a B. the; a C. an;不填 D. an; the
    【答案】 A
    【解析】在长期的斗争之后,印度在1947年获得独立。解题的关键在于independence前面有没有冠词。柯林斯高级英语学习词典对independence的解释是:If a country has or gains independence, it has its own government and is not ruled by any other country.由此锁定正确答案是A,因为independence是不可数名词,而不可和不定冠词an连用,这样答案锁定了A和B。gain independence(获得独立)或declare independence(宣布独立)是固定短语,不和冠词连用,故第一个空不填任何冠词,正确答案是A。
    15.(2013﹒浙江) People develop ______ preference for a particular style of learning at ______ early age and these preferences affect learning.
    A. a; an B. a; 不填 C. 不填; the D. the; an
    【答案】A
    【解析】人们培养了对特定学习风格的一种偏好在很早的年龄,这些偏好会影响学习。preference 可以是抽象名词,在这里具体化,表示“ 一种偏好”。
    16.(2013﹒重庆) The parents were shocked by news that their son needed operation on his knee.
    A. a;/ B. the; / C. the; an D. a; an
    【答案】B
    【解析】他们的儿子需要在膝盖处做一个手术,这个消息使得父母非常震惊。此句中的news是特指后面同位语从句中提到的内容,故应该用定冠词the;儿子需要在膝盖上做一个手术,非特指,用不定冠词a。
    【2012年】
    1.(2012﹒浙江)Your as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.
    A. operation B. growth C. performance D. character
    【答案】C
    【解析】根据句意:作为一个学生,你的学习(performance)会很棒的如果你能够养成对所学的的东西进行反思的话。operation操作、手术;growth增长;character人物、角色,均不符合语境,故排除。
    2.(2012﹒湖北)It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any ________.
    A. symptom B. similarity C. sample D. shadow
    【答案】 A
    【解析】句意为:定期检查眼睛看看是否有眼疾症状很重要。A项意为“症状”,符合句意;B项意为“类似”,C项意为“样本”,D项意为“阴影”,都与语意不符。
    3.(2012﹒湖北)The officer insisted that Michael did not follow the correct ________ in applying for a visa.
    A. pattern B. procedure C. program D. perspective
    【答案】B
    【解析】句意为:这位官员坚持认定Michael没有按照正确的程序申请签证。B项意为“程序”,符合句意;A项意为“模式”,C项意为“节目”,D项意为“远景”,都与语意不符。
    4.(2012﹒江苏)— Can I help you with it?
    — I appreciate your , but I can manage it myself.
    A. advice B. question C. offer D. idea
    【答案】C
    【解析】句意为:——我可以帮你吗?——我感激你的提议 “offer”,但我自己能设法做的。offer意为“提议”,符合题意。A意为“建议,劝告”;B意为“问题”;D意为“想法,主意”。
    5.(2012﹒江西)You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future .
    A.purpose B.reference C.progress D.memory
    【答案】B
    【解析】你最好写下这个餐馆的号码以便日后参考用。for future reference是一个常用词组搭配,表示“以供日后参考”。
    6.(2012﹒四川)He will come to understand your efforts sooner or later. It’s just a matter of _____.
    A. luck B. value C. time D. fact
    【答案】C
    【解析】本题考查名词辨析。句意为:他迟早会渐渐理解你付出的努力的。这只是个时间的问题。根据句意选C。
    7.(2012﹒全国卷II)The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in great ______ in this city.
    A. quantity B. progress C. production D. demand
    【答案】D
    【解析】此处quantity数量;progress进步; production生产;demand要求。这里be in great demand意为:需求量很大,畅销。句意:《哈利波特》很受欢迎;在这个城市有很大的需求量。
    8.(2012﹒天津)You were working too hard. You’d better keep a ________between work and relaxation.
    A. promise B. lead C. balance D. diary
    【答案】C
    【解析】根据句意,你最好在工作和休闲之间保持平衡。
    9.(2012﹒全国卷II)He missed _____gold in the high jump, but will get _____second chance in the long jump.
    A. the, the B. /, a C. the, a D. a, /
    【答案】C
    【解析】此句的第一空特指,跳高中的金牌,故用定冠词the。第二空意为,再得到一次机会,泛指一次机会。
    10.(2012﹒江西)The Smiths don’t usually stay at hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by ________ sea.
    A./; a B.the; the C./; the D.the; a
    【答案】C  
    【解析】hotel为复数,前不会用定冠词the来修饰;江,河,湖,海前要加定冠词
    11.(2012﹒浙江)The development of industry has been_______ gradual process throughout _______ human existence, from stone tools to modern technology.
    A. 不填, the B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. a; a
    【答案】C
    【解析】第一空process是可数名词,第一次出现一般用不定冠词,且此次表示“一个”的概念;第二空existence是不可数名词,其此处表示抽象概念,故用零冠词。
    12.(2012﹒安徽)Carl is studying food science at college and hopes to open up meat processing factory of his own one day.
    A. / ; a B. / ;the C. the ; a D. the ; the
    【答案】C
    【解析】本题考查冠词,science是不可数名词,用the表示特指是不可能的,后面的factory是一个可数名词,用a 表示泛指。
    13.(2012﹒重庆)Sam has been appointed _______ manager of the engineering department to take ____ place of George.
    A. /,/ B. the,/ C the the D./, the
    【答案】D
    【解析】句意:Sam被任命为工程部经理取代了George。表示官衔职务的名词作补语和同位语时,前不加冠词。在题干中,“manager”表示职务,作主语补足语,不需要加冠词,而第二个空白处为固定短语“take the place of”,是“代替,取代”之意。因此,正确答案为D选项。
    14.(2012﹒辽宁)I woke up with bad headache, yet by evening the pain had gone.
    A. the; the B. the; an C. a; the D. a; an
    【答案】C
    【解析】第一空表示泛指;第二空为固定用法,用定冠词the,故选C项
    15.(2012﹒全国新课程) Sarah looked at finished painting with satisfaction.
    A.不填;a B. a; the C. the; 不填 D. the; a
    【答案】C
    【解析】第一空特指“已经画完的画”;第二空考查介词短语with satisfaction意为:满意地,作状语。此处satisfaction为抽象名词,在此短语中不用冠词。句意:Sarah满意地看着那幅已画完的画。
    16.(2012﹒全国新课程) Being able to afford _______ drink would be ______ comfort in those tough times.
    A. the; the B. a; a C. a; 不填 D. 不填;a
    【答案】B
    【解析】此处考查抽象名词具体化。第一空中的a drink意为:一杯饮料;第二空中的a comfort意为:一件令人安慰的事。句意:在那些艰难的岁月里,能买得起一杯饮料是一种莫大的安慰。

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