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    专题11 代词、介词和介词短语-十年(2012-2021)高考英语真题分项详解(全国通用) 解析版

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    专题11 代词、介词和介词短语-十年(2012-2021)高考英语真题分项详解(全国通用) 解析版

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    这是一份专题11 代词、介词和介词短语-十年(2012-2021)高考英语真题分项详解(全国通用) 解析版,共26页。
    专题11 代词、介词和介词短语
    【2021年】
    1.(2021·天津卷)Pruitt tries to give his donations to families that are truly struggling. 30 simply satisfying a material need, he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes.
    A.Without B.Beyond C.Upon D.Among
    【答案】C
    【解析】考查介词词义辨析。句意:在仅仅满足物质需求的基础上,他为邻居的孩子们提供了一个学习如何修理自行车的机会。A. Without除了;B. Beyond越过;C. Upon在……上;D. Among在……中间。结合后文“simply satisfying a material need”表示“在仅仅满足物质需求的基础上”应用介词upon。故选C。
    2.(2021·全国甲卷)…… Many students say they will talk to their friend or classmates because they’re of the same age and can understand each other. Some will tum out to their parents or teachers for help. Only a little choose to deal with the problems on our own……
    【答案】4. 去掉out 5.little→few 6.our→their
    【解析】
    4. 考查固定搭配。turn to sb. For help表示想某人寻求帮助,故turn后面去掉out。
    5. 考查代词。a little代指不可数名词,a few 代指可数名词。在这里指少部分的学生, 可数名词,故把little 改为few。
    6. 考查代词。On one’s own表示靠自己。这里省略主语students, 主语相当于Only a little students, 其后应该是their。故our改为their。
    3. (2021·新高考I卷)As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ____64____(I).While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is a must to visit!
    【答案】64. mine
    【解析】64.考查代词。句意:正如歌中所唱,这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”,它将永远留在游客的记忆中。对我来说确实如此。根据前一句“it will always stick in the visitor's memory”可知,本句为does指代前一句的stick,本句缺乏宾语,应用名词性物主代词mine指代my memory。故填mine。
    4. (2021·浙江卷)Beautifully restored(修复)to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln's home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it ___37___ $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their marriage ceremony in 1842.
    ………
    【答案】37. for
    【解析】37.考查介词。句意:1844年,他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地,查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合句意可知,此处考查固定短语buy sth. for +价格,意为“以……价格买某物”。故填for。
    5.(2021年全国乙卷)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
    Ecotourism has ___63___(it)origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept ___64___ the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.
    Due to ___65___ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types ___66___ trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:
    【答案】
    63. its
    64. until
    65. the
    66. of
    【解析】
    【63题】考查代词。句意:生态旅游起源于20世纪70年代的环境运动。根据空格后名词origin可知,此处形容词性物主代词来修饰名词origin。故填its。
    【64题】考查固定句型。句意:直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受。根据句意可知,此处表示“直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受”,表示“直到……才……”使用固定句型“not……until……”。故填until。
    【65题】考查冠词。句意:由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎,各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。分析句子结构可知,空格处应填冠词。再结合空格后“growing popularity of environmental-related and adventure travel”可知,此处特指与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎,所以应填定冠词the。故填the。
    【66题】考查介词。句意:由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎,各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。various types of 为固定搭配表示“各种各样的”,所以空格处应填of。故填of。
    【2020年】
    1.(2020·新课标I卷)The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so 65 the familiar near side.
    【答案】than
    【解析】考查介词。句意:因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级more so可知,此处填介词than,表示“比……更”。故填than。
    2.(2020·新课标I卷)Data about the moon’s composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70 (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
    【答案】its
    【解析】考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词plans可知,此处应使用形容词性物主代词its,故填its。
    3.(2020·新课标I卷)After that I poured oil into a pan and turned off the stove, I waited patiently unless the oil was hot.
    【答案】将off改为on
    【解析】考查介词。句意:之后我把油倒进一个平底锅,然后开火。根据I poured oil into a pan及常识可知,把油倒进锅里后应是打开炉子,所以此处应使用短语turn on,故将off改为n。
    4.(2020·新课标I卷)"Not that way,"my mom tried to stop us but failed.
    【答案】将us改为me
    【解析】考查代词。句意:“不是那样。”我的妈妈尽力阻止我,但是失败了。根据上文可知,是作者一个人做菜,此处指妈妈尽力阻止“我”,应使用第一人称单数的宾格,故将us改为me。
    5.(2020·新课标II卷)Oranges: Orange trees are more 64 decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.
    【答案】than
    【解析】句意:桔子树不仅仅是装饰品;more than不仅仅,不只是。故填than。
    6.(2020·新课标II卷)Then I can spare some time to learn it again, such that we can practice together on every day.
    【答案】去掉on
    【解析】考查介词。句意:我们就可以每天一起练习。介词on后接的是具体时间。every day 译为“每一天”,前不能用有任何介词修饰。故on多余,应去掉。
    7.(2020·新课标II卷)Best of luck with yours learning kung fu in China.
    【答案】将yours改为your
    【解析】考查代词。句意:祝你在中国学习功夫好运。分析句子,best luck of you 译为“祝你好运”是固定短语。故将your改为you。句中的yours为名词性物主代词,不可修饰后面的动名词。故将yours改为your。
    8.(2020·新课标III卷)The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist 70. earth, Mother Nature.
    【答案】on
    【解析】考查介词。句意:这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on earth。故填on。
    9. (2020·江苏卷)Taking on this challenge will bring you _____ someone who shares your interests.
    A. in exchange for B. in answer to C. in contact with D. in memory of
    【答案】C
    【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:接受这个挑战会让你和你有共同兴趣的人接触。A. in exchange for作为交换;B. in answer to回答;C. in contact with接触,与……有联系;D. in memory of纪念。根据空后someone who shares your interests及常识可知,此处指“和与你有共同兴趣的人接触”。故选C。
    10. (2020·江苏卷)This actor often has the first two tricks planned before performing, and then goes for ______.
    A. whichever B. whenever C. wherever D. whatever
    【答案】D
    【解析】考查代词词义辨析。句意:这个演员通常在表演前就已经计划好了前两个技巧,然后全力以赴。A. whichever无论哪个;B. whenever无论何时;C. wherever无论何地;D. whatever无论什么。分析句子成分可知,此处做goes for的宾语,指代“任何事情”,whatever符合语境。故选D。
    11.(2020·天津卷)For my fifth birthday, my mother baked me a cake ______ a monkey.
    A.in the shape of B.beyond the reach of
    C.at the mercy of D.on the side of
    【答案】A
    【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:我五岁生日的时候,妈妈给我烤了一个猴子形状的蛋糕。A. in the shape of呈……形状;B. beyond the reach of超出……的能力之外C. at the mercy of 受……的支配;D. on the side of拥护……,站在……的一边。蛋糕是猴子“形状”的。故选A。
    12.(2020·山东卷)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine 42. (they) living at a different time in history or 43(walking)(walk)through a rainforest.
    【答案】themselves
    【解析】考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors,意为“他们自己”,应使用反身代词。故填themselves。
    13.(2020·山东卷)Museums must compete 45 people’s spare time and money with other amusements.
    【答案】for
    【解析】考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语:compete for,意为“为了……竞争”。故填for。
    14.(2020·浙江卷)Some time after 10,000 BC,people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived 56. ,through agriculture.56.
    【答案】in
    【解析】考查介词。句意:公元前10000年以后,人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析可知,“they lived _____”应是之前名词the world 的定语从句,定语从句引导词被省略,可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语,即:they lived in the world. live in+名词,意为“居住在某地”。故填in。
    【2019年】
    1.【2019·天津卷·】A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than _________who are not.
    A. ones B. those
    C. these D. them
    【答案】B
    【解析】考查代词。句意:一项研究表明,参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。空格处代词与the students是对应关系,可以用the ones或者those替代。“them”指代的是前边提到的复数名词,不能与the students形成对应关系。“these”一般不用定语从句修饰。故选B。
    2.【2019·江苏卷·】Favorable policies are ___________ to encourage employees' professional development.
    A. in effect B. in command C. in turn D. in shape
    【答案】A
    【解析】考查介词短语。句意:好的制度政策实际上都会激发员工的专业水平的提升。A. in effect实际上;B. in command指挥;C. in turn轮流,依次;D. in shape在外形上,处于良好的状态。故选A。
    3.【2019·新课标I卷】Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform (perform) consistently over a large area.
    【答案】of/for
    【解析】考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语,用of 连接,“methods of doing sth.”,意为“……的方法”,构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。
    4.【2019·新课标I卷】Scientists have responded by noting (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ___68___ (high) than they actually are.
    【答案】of/for
    5.【2019·新课标III卷】We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ___63___ dogs,seven to be exact.
    【答案】of
    【解析】考查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群”。故填of。
    6.【2019·浙江卷】But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer ___61___ this question is not clear.
    【答案】to
    【解析】考查介词。句意:这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer to ...这是固定搭配,“……的答案是……”。故填to。
    【2018年】
    1.【2018·北京】—Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.
    —Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon.
    A. for B. on C. in D. at
    【答案】A
    【解析】考查介词。句意:——早上好,Lee先生办公室。——早上好。我想预约下周三下午(和Mr. Lee见面)。make an appointment for意为“为……预约”,是固定搭配,故A选项正确。
    2.【2018·天津】Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went ___________.
    A. at first B. after all
    C. above all D. at random
    【答案】B
    【解析】句意:鲍勃认为他不能去参加聚会,因为他不得不写一份报告,但它毕竟还是去了。at first 首先;after all毕竟,终究;above all首先;at random随便地。根据前面的转折连词可知,与前面的情况相反,所以选B。
    3.【2018·江苏】China’s soft power grows _______ the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally.
    A. in line with B. in reply to
    C. in return for D. in honour of
    【答案】A
    【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意:中国的软实力增长与日俱增全球对中国的赏识和理解相一致。A. in line with按照;与...一致;B. in reply to答复;C. in return for作为 ... 的报酬;D. in honour of为纪念。故选A。
    4.【2018·新课标III卷】I was searching ___67___ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing.
    【答案】 for
    【解析】考查动词短语搭配。search for是固定搭配,表示“寻找”,表示“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。
    【2017年】
    1.【2017·天津卷】1When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be _____ trees that are over 1,000 years old.
    A. among B. against C. behind D. below
    【答案】A
    【解析】句意:当你开车穿过加州的红木森林时,你将会位于超过百年历史的树木之间。 be among 位于之间; be against 反对; be behind 在后面; be below在之下。根据句意,故选A。
    2.【2017·江苏卷】Determining where we are _______ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.
    A. in contrast to B. in defense of C. in face of D. in relation to
    【答案】D
    【解析】考查介词短语的辨析。A. in contrast to对比,截然不同;B. in defense of为……辩护;C. in face
    of面对;D. in relation to与……有关。句意:根据周围的环境辨别方位仍然是我们生存的一项极其重要的技能。故选D。
    3.【2017·北京卷】Many people who live along the coast make a living _______ fishing industry.
    A. at B. in C. on D. by
    【答案】B
    【解析】许多住在海边上的人都是靠渔业来谋生的。此处用介词in,不用by,因为by后面通常接做什么事情来谋生,此处是指在捕鱼这个行业里,在这个行业里谋生,用in,故选B。
    【2016年】
    1.【2016·天津】The dictionary is ______: many words have been added to the language since it was published.
    A. out of control B. out of date C. out of sight D. out of reach
    【答案】B
    【解析】考查介词短语。句意:这本字典过时了。自从它被出版以来,很多单词被添加到这种语言中。
    A. out of control失去控制;B. out of date过时的;C. out of sight看不见的;D. out of reach够不着的。根据句意,故选B。
    2.【2016·浙江】In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from ____in the UK.
    A. that B. this C. one D. it
    【答案】A
    【解析】句意:在很多方面,美国的教育体系和英国的教育体系很不相同。指代上文的名词education system,用that,而且后面有介词短语作后置定语。This表示“近指”,one是泛指可数名词单数,it是特指上文提到的名词。故选A。
    3.【2016·浙江】That young man is honest , cooperative , always there when you need his help .______, he's reliable.
    A. Or else B. In short C. By the way D. For one thing
    【答案】B
    【解析】句意:这个年轻人诚实,有合作精神,当你需要他的帮助的时候,他总是在那里。简言之,他很可靠。A.否则;B.简言之;C.顺便说一下;D.首先。故选B。
    4.【2016·浙江】The study suggests that the cultures we grow up _______influence the basic processes by which we see world around us.
    A. on B. in C. at D. about
    【答案】B
    【解析】句意:研究表明我们成长的文化影响我们看周围世界的基本过程。The cultures后面是定语从句,省略that,定语从句中cultures作宾语,那么还缺少一个介词,和cultures搭配用介词in,故选B。
    5.【2016·浙江】I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend in the coming years
    A. little more B. no more C.much more D.many more
    【答案】D
    【解析】句意:我一直很喜欢你组织的所有的活动并且希望在未来的几年里参加更多的活动。A.没有这个搭配;B.不再;C.多得多(修饰不可数名词);D. many more更多(修饰可数名词)。这里修饰的是上文的activities。故选D。
    【2015年】
    1.(2015﹒重庆)The meeting will be held in September, but____ knows the date for sure.
    A. everybody B. nobody C. anybody D. somebody
    【答案】B
    【解析】句意:会议将在九月举行,但没有人知道确切的日期。根据but表达转折可知没有人知道,故选B项。
    2.(2015﹒浙江) How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?
    A. them B. one C. those D. it
    【答案】D
    【解析】试题分析:句意:当你正在看一个你喜欢的节目时,突然有个人进来,一声不吭地关掉电视,你会怎么想?It作形式宾语,指代If后面的句子。该句涉及到了一个疑问句,一个条件状语从句(if)和两个并列向(and)。这当时应该先把它转化为陈述句you would like____。分析句子结构知道like之后缺少一个宾语,需要一个宾格代词充当,所以答案选it。
    3.(2015﹒天津) The quality of education in this small school is better than ______ in some larger schools.
    A. that B. one C. it D. this
    【答案】A
    【解析】句意:这所小学校的教育质量要好于一些大学校。句中代词代指不可数名词the quality of education,故用代词that。代词it和one都代指可数名词单数。故选A。
    4.(2015﹒陕西)To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against .
    A. another B. the other C. other D. either
    【答案】B
    【解析】句意:为了提醒自己,这个水手坐在火前面一只光脚摩擦另外一只脚。因为人有两只脚,一只是one,另外一只是the other,所以选B。
    5.(2015﹒福建)The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but contained any useful suggestions.
    A. all B. none C. either D. Neither
    【答案】D
    【解析】考查副词辨析。该句中A.all全部;B.none没有一个;C.either两个中任何一个;D.两者都不。根据该句意思:那个研究团队在那个调查上得出了两个报告,但是两个报告里面都没有任何有用的参考。故选D本题考查副词辨析,要求学生掌握大纲内每个副词的意义及用法。
    6.(2015﹒重庆) Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 ℃____ the average.
    A. below B. on C. at D. above
    【答案】D
    【解析】句意:去年是有纪录以来最热的一年,全球平均气温上升0.68度。With 的宾语global temperature ,宾语补足above the average。
    7.(2015﹒浙江) Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes animals both on land and sea?
    A. about B. to C.with D. over
    【答案】 B
    【解析】句意:你是否有听说过树是陆上动物和海上动物的家?home to sth 固定搭配,是什么的家园的意思。该句是一个疑问句,其中还含有一个定语从句。比如这个句子转化为陈述句应该是You have ever heard of the trees that are homes animals both on land and sea? 然后把定语从句单独拿出来看将会是trees are homes animals both on land and sea. 根据固定搭配自然知道答案是to。
    8. (2015﹒浙江) These comments came specific questions often asked by local newsmen.
    A. in memory of B. in response to
    C. in touch with D. in possession of
    【答案】B
    【解析】句意:这些评论是对某些经常被当地新闻人问到的问题的回应。A. in memory of 意为纪念, B. in response to意为回应,C. in touch with意为联系,D. in possession of意为拥有。分析句子成分知道空格处充当介词短语作状语的作用,根据常识和句意,评论应该是对问题的回应。所以答案应该是B. in response to回应。
    9.(2015﹒浙江) Most people work because it’s unavoidable. , there are some people who actually enjoy work.
    A. As a result B. In addition C. By contrast D. In conclusion
    【答案】C
    【解析】试题分析:句意:很多人工作是因为这是不可避免的,相反,有一些人是的确喜欢工作的。根据前后的意思,可以知道前后是表示对比。A意为结果,B 意为此外,C 意为相反,D意为结论。“不可避免”表述到一种无奈,也就是说,很多人是不得不工作的。后句的表达是“事实上有些人喜欢工作”,“喜欢” 和“不得不”刚好构成一种否定,所以答案只能是选C。
    10.(2015﹒陕西)The little pupil took his grandma the arm and walked her across the street.
    A. on B. by C. in D. at
    【答案】B
    【解析】句意:这个小学生拉住他奶奶的膀子和她一起穿过街道。 take sb. by the arm拉住某人的膀子,所以选B。
    10. (2015﹒福建)_______A common memory they all have their school days is the school uniform.
    A. of B. on C. to D. with
    【答案】A
    【解析】考察介词辨析。A.of表示关于,表示从属关系;B.on表示在…之上;C.to表示对于;D.with表示和…在一起。该句意思为:他们共有的关于他们学校的记忆是校服。故选A
    11.(2015﹒福建)Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live_________nature.
    A. in view of B. in need of C.in touch with  D. in harmony with
    【答案】D
    【解析】试题分析:考查短语辨析A.in view of在..眼里;B.in need of需要; C. in touch with和..接触;D. In harmony with与.和谐相处。这四个短语后面都应该接名词,该句意思为:人的生活是自然的-部分,因此,我们.生存下来的唯- - 的方法就是与自然和谐相处。根据句意,故选D
    12.(2015﹒江苏)Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around _______ Thomas Edison.
    A. thanks to B. regardless of C. aside from D. but for
    【答案】D
    【解析】句意:要不是爱迪生的发明,今天我们身边享用的很多东西都将不复存在。A项“多亏”,具有很强的迷惑性,如将题干改成“_______ Thomas  Edison, now we can benefit from many of the things  around  us.”则选A项;B项“不管,不顾”;C项“除了”;D项“要不是”,常用于隐藏式(含蓄式)虚拟条件句。故选D项。
    13.(2015﹒安徽)They believe that there are transport developments ______ that will bring a lot of changes for the better.
    A. out of date B. out of order C. around the clock D. around the corner
    【答案】D
    【解析】句意:他们认为即将到来的交通发展将会带来很多好的方面的变化。A过时的;B发生故障的;C昼夜不停地;D即将来临。故选D。
    14.(2015﹒湖北)This meeting room is a non-smoking area. I would like to warn you _____ that if you smoked here you would be fined.
    A.in advance B.in detail C. in total D.in general
    【答案】A
    【解析】句意:这个会议室是无烟区域。我想提前警告你:如果你在这里吸烟,会被罚款。A项“提前”;B项“详细地”;C项“总共,总计”;D项“大体上,笼统地”。故选A项。
    【2014年】
    1.(2014﹒安徽)You can ask anyone for help. ________ here is willing to lend you a hand.
    A.One B.No one C.Everyone D.Someone
    【答案】C
    【解析】你可以向任何一个人求助,这里的每一个人都愿意帮助你。故选C。
    2.(2014﹒全国大纲卷)—Who's that at the door?
    —________ is the milkman.
    A. He B. It C. This D. That
    【答案】B
    【解析】句意:“谁在门外?”“是送牛奶的。”因为不知道门外是什么人,故用it指代不清楚的人。故选B。
    3.(2014﹒福建)In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in ________, knives and forks.
    A.another B.others C.both D.all
    【答案】B 
    【解析】句意:在一些国家,人们用筷子吃饭,而在其他的国家,(人们用)刀叉(吃饭)。another“另外一个”,后接单数名词;others其他的人或物; both两者;all意为“所有的”,指代可数名词时表示“三者及以上”。根据句意可知选择B项。
    4.(2014﹒江苏)Good families are much to all their members, but ________ to none.
    A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing
    【答案】C 
    【解析】句意:好的家庭对于所有家庭成员来说意味着许多,但不是每个人的全部。everything意为“一切,全部”,符合语境。something某事; anything任何事; nothing什么都没有。
    5.(2014﹒江西)—When shall I call, in the morning or afternoon?
    —________. I'll be in all day.
    A.Any B. None C. Neither D. Either
    【答案】D  
    【解析】句意:“我什么时候打电话方便,早上还是下午?”“都可以,我将整天在家。”根据文中提到的in the morning or afternoon可知,此处指在两者之间作出选择,故排除A、B两项;又根据“I'll be in all day.”可知应该是两个时间段均可以。
    6.(2014﹒山东﹒T4) Susan made________ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
    A.that B.this C.it D.her
    【答案】C 
    【解析】句意:苏珊向我清楚地表明她希望为自己开创新的生活。that she wished to make a new life for herself是宾语从句,it为形式宾语,本句为“make it+adj. to sb+that从句”结构。故选C。
    7.(2014﹒江西)I'd appreciate ________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
    A. it B. you C. one D. this
    【答案】A 
    【解析】I'd appreciate it if/when/that…是固定句式,it作形式宾语,故选A。
    8.(2014﹒四川)She'd lived in London and Manchester, but she liked ________ and moved to Cambridge.
    A.both    B.neither C.none D.either
    【答案】B
    【解析】both两者都;neither表示两者的全部否定;none表示三者及以上的全部否定;either表示两者中选择其一。此处是表示两者的全部否定,故用neither。句意:她曾在伦敦和曼彻斯特生活过,但这两个地方她都不喜欢,并搬去了剑桥。
    9.(2014﹒浙江)An average of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year,making ________ the driest year since California became a state in 1850.
    A.each B.it C.this D.one
    【答案】B 
    【解析】句意:去年这里的平均降水量为18.75厘米,这使得去年成为加利福尼亚自1850年建州以来最干旱的一年。这里用it来指代上文提到的last year。each每个,每一个;this意为“这,这个”,常用来指代下文提到的事物;one泛指某一个。故选B项。
    10.(2014﹒重庆)A smile costs ________,but gives much.
    A. anything   B. something C. nothing D. everything
    【答案】C 
    【解析】句意:微笑什么都不会花费,但却带来很多。but表示转折,nothing与much形成语义上的对比。故选C。
    11.(2014﹒安徽)What we expect from you is working hard hardly working.
    A. less than B. rather than C. as well as D. as much as
    【答案】B
    【解析】介词动词less than少于…;rather than而不是…;as well as…和…同…也…并;as much as…多达…;句义:我们对你的期待是努力工作而不是几乎不工作。根据句义说明B正确。
    12.(2014﹒北京)Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves _______ half an hour.
    A. by B. in C. for D. until
    【答案】B
    【解析】本题的关键是the train to the airport leaves火车将要离开;在这句话里使用了一般现在时代替将来时,表示按照车站的时间表列车进出。实际上本句是一个将来时,四个选项里只有“in+一段时间”可以和将来时连用。句意:Jane很着急,因为去机场的火车半小时以后就要出发了。故B正确。
    13.(2014﹒大纲卷)September 30 is the day ______ which you must pay your bill.
    A. by B. for C. with D. in
    【答案】A
    【解析】介词by到…时为止;通过;for为了,因为;with和…;in在…里面;句义:你必须在9月30日这一天之前付账单的。根据句义可知本句中的by表示到…时为止。故A正确。
    14.(2014﹒福建)Our club is open to everyone ____ age, sex or educational background.
    A. due to B. except for C. along with D. regardless of
    【答案】D
    【解析】Due to由于,因为;except for除…之外(强调整体与局部的关系);along with和…一起;regardless of不管…不顾…(侧重于不考虑,不关注…);句义:不管年龄,性别或教育程度,我们俱乐部向所有人开放。根据句义可知D项符合上下文语境。
    15.(2014﹒湖北)Check carrots, potatoes, onions and any other vegetables ______and immediately use or throw away any which show signs of rotting.
    A. in demand B. in store C. on loan D. on sale
    【答案】B
    【解析】A需要;B储存,将要发生;C借用,借贷;D廉价出售;句意:检查一下我们存储的胡萝卜,土豆,洋葱和其他的蔬菜,立刻把那些有腐烂迹象的用掉或者扔掉。根据句意可知是检查存储好的蔬菜。故B正确。
    16.(2014﹒江苏)Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push-ups too to stay____.
    A. in place B. in order C. in shape D. in fashion
    【答案】C
    【解析】in place有序,在适当的位置;in order井井有条;in shape健康的,状态良好的;in fashion流行的,时尚的;句意:为了保持健康,每天早晨Tom总去慢跑,也经常做引体向上。根据句意可知Tom锻炼的目的是为了保持健康。故C正确。
    17.(2014﹒江西)Starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence .___, it could just put you in debt.
    A. In other words B. All in all C. As a result D. On the other hand
    【答案】D
    【解析】A换句话说;B总得说来;C结果是;D另一方面;句义:自己做生意也许是获得经济独立的一个很好的方法,另一方面,它也可能让你负债。根据句义说明这是一件事情的两个方面,所以D项符合上下文串联。
    18.(2014﹒江西)It is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas leads a simple life __his great wealth .
    A. without B. despite C. in D. to
    【答案】B
    【解析】 without没有,要不是;despite尽管,不管;in在…里面;在…上等;句义:真是难以相信啊!尽管Lucas先生有很多钱,但他还过着如此简单的生活。根据句义说明上下文之间存在这转折关系,选项中只有B项与之相符。故B正确。
    19.(2014﹒陕西)The Scottish girl _____ blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.
    A. by B. of C. in D. with
    【答案】D
    【解析】本题中的with表示有,佩戴;其余三个介词都没有这个用法。句义:能够长着蓝眼睛的苏格拉女孩在第五届汉语演讲比赛里得到了第一名。故D正确。
    20.(2014﹒天津)_______ the school, the village has a clinic, which was also built with government support.
    A. In reply to B. In addition to C. In charge of D. In place of
    【答案】B
    【解析】本题的四个介词短语都很重要。In reply to作为…的回复;in addition to…除…之外(包括在内);in charge of负责…;in place of代替;句义:除了学校,村子里还有诊所,诊所也是在政府的支持下建成的。也就是说学校和诊所都是政府支持建设成功的。故B正确。
    21.(2014﹒浙江)While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything ______ .
    A. in return B. in common C. in turn D. in place
    【答案】A
    【解析】介词短语in return作为回报,后面常常接介词for;in common与…相似;in turn依次,轮流;反过来;in place恰当,在合适的地方。句意:当他住在那个村子里的时候,James无私地和村民们分享他拥有的一切,不要去得到任何回报。根据句意说明A正确。
    22.(2014﹒浙江)Facing up to your problem ____ running away from them is the best approach to working things out.
    A. more than B. rather than C. along with D. or rather
    【答案】B
    【解析】介词短语more than超过,不仅仅,非常;rather than代替,而不是;along with和…一起;or rather更准确地说;句意:面对你的问题而不是逃避是解决这些问题最好的方法。根据句意可知B项符合上下文含义。
    23.(2014﹒浙江)People won’t pay attention to you when they still have a lot of ideas of their own crying _______ expression.
    A. from B. over C. with D. for
    【答案】D
    【解析】cry for..迫切需要,本句中的动词短语cry for expressing与前面的名词a lot of ideas of their own表示主动关系,所有使用现在分词短语做定语。句意:如果人们有很多迫切需要表达的观点的时候,他们是不会注意到你的。故D正确。
    14.(2014﹒浙江)There’s no reason to be disappointed. ______, this could be rather amusing.
    A. Above all B. As a result C. In addition D. As a matter of fact
    【答案】D
    【解析】above all首先,最重要的是;as a result结果;in addition另外,而且;as a matter of fact实际上;句意:没有让人失望的理由,实际上这件事情很让人高兴。根据句意可知上下文之间暗含的转折关系,而D项as a matter of fact“实际上”暗含的就是转折关系。故D项正确。
    【2013年】
    1.(2013﹒四川)The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than ________ on the small ones.
    A. one B. this C. that D. it
    【答案】C
    【解析】主大街上的绿色交通信号灯比次要的小街道上的时间长。空白处指代的是前面的the traffic,这是个抽象不可数名词,而且是特指,故应该用that;one不是特指,排除A项;this不能用于此种情况,排除B项;it 是指代前面提到的同一个东西,而此处并不是同一个,而是另外街道上的交通情况,排除项D项。
    2.(2013﹒浙江)Half of _____ surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.
    A. these B. some C. ones D. those
    【答案】D
    【解析】在16个国家中那些被调查的人中有一半说,他们都最先去找最亲密的朋友分享最深的祝福以及道出最大的恐惧。横线后有后置定语surveyed in 16 countries,根据句意,被调查的那些人中的一半,通常用 those 来指代那些人,相当于the people,可知选D。其余选项均不合题意,故排除。
    3.(2013﹒天津)At our factory there are a few machines similar to ______ described in this magazine.
    A. them B. these C. those D. ones
    【答案】C
    【解析】在我们工厂有一些机器和这本杂志中所描述的那些机器很相似。在含有比较句型的句子中选择代词时,如果比较对象是单数可数名词和不可数名词名词,用that;如果是复数可数名词用those,本题中的比较对象是我们工厂的一些机器和杂志中描述的那些机器的对比,所以只能选择C. those。其余选项均不合题意,故排除。
    4.(2013﹒新课标卷Ⅱ)It's an either-or situation - we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can’t do ______.
    A. others B. either C. another D. both
    【答案】D
    【解析】这是一种“二选一”的情况,就是说,我们今年可以买一个新车,或者可以去度假,但我们不能两者兼得。句中的关键词是either-or situation,既然是二选一的情况,那就不能两者都留着,因此锁定正确答案是D。其他三个选项的意思分别是“其他人或物”,“两者中的一个”,“另一个,又一个”,均不合题意,排除。
    5.(2013﹒山东)I’ve lived in New York and Chicago, but don’t like _______ of them very much.
    A. either B. any C. each D. another
    【答案】A
    【解析】我在纽约和芝加哥生活过,但是两个城市我都不是很喜欢。短语not…either=neither(两者都不),故答案选A。部分考生可能会误选B,而any则指三者或三者以上中的任何一个,此句只提到了美国的纽约和芝加哥两个城市,故排除B项。C. each每一个(用于两者或两者以上),故排除;D. another三者或三者以上中的另外一个,故排除。
    6.(2013﹒陕西)Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost ______ of her enthusiasm for life.
    A. some B. neither C. none D. all
    【答案】C
    【解析】虽然Rosemary遭受严重的疾病之苦好多年了,但她一点也没有失去对生活的热情。这是一个主动复合句,根据连词although可知,前后是转折关系。既然前面是遭受疾病之苦,那后面就应该是反面的意思,排除选项A和D;neither指的是两者都不,而生活的热情是不能用两个来形容的,排除选项B。
    7.(2013﹒江西)______ can be good at something for 40 years if he doesn’t love it.
    A. Anybody B. Everybody C. Nobody D. Somebody
    【答案】C
    【解析】如果不喜欢某件事,没有人能40年如一日地做好它。抓住题意和关键词,可知:没有人能,故答案选C. Nobody没有人。A. anybody任何人;B. everybody每个人,所有人;D. somebody某人,均不合题意,排除。
    8.(2013﹒上海)Those who smoke heavily should remind ______ of health, the bad smell and the feelings of other people.
    A. theirs B. them C. themselves D. oneself
    【答案】C
    【解析】那些烟瘾很大的人应该提醒自己注意健康,难闻的气味以及他人的感受。句中的those和other people为关键词,既然要顾及他人感受,自然要时刻提醒自己,而those的反身代词为“他们自己”,即themselves,故选项C正确。A. theirs为名词性物主代词,相当于their+名词,意为“他们的……”,故排除;B. them是人称代词they的宾格,意为“他们”,故排除;D. oneself为反身代词,意为“自己,自身”,故排除。
    9.(2013﹒安徽)This project requires close teamwork. ______ Will be achieved unless we work well together.
    A. Nothing B. Anything C. Something D. Everything
    【答案】A
    【解析】这个项目需要紧密合作,没有好的合作就不会取得任何结果。根据句意,既然需要紧密合作,那么没有好的合作,当然是不会有啥结果的,所以正确答案是A. nothing。其余选项均不合题意,故排除。
    10.(2013﹒辽宁)To her joy, Della earned first the trust of her students and then _____of her colleagues.
    A.that B.one C.ones D.those
    【答案】A
    【解析】使黛拉高兴的是,她首先赢得了学生的信任,接着又获得了同事的信任。A. that特指,相当于the+单数可数名词或the+不可数名词。根据句意,这里指“赢得同事的信任”,即the trust of her colleagues,显然是特指,故选A。 B. one相当于a/an+可数名词单数;C. ones指代可数名词复数,表泛指;D. those=the ones,指代可数名词复数,表特指。均不合题意,故排除。
    11.(2013﹒重庆) Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is ______.
    A. another B. the other C. one another D. one
    【答案】A
    【解析】再循环是保护环境的一种方式,重复利用是另外一种。another的意思是“另一个,有一个”,非特指。本题的空白处不是特指,指的是很多种中的另一种,故应该用A. another;the other 的意思是“两者中的另一个”是特指; one another的意思是“互相”;one的意思是“一个”,非特指。均不合题意,故排除。
    12.(2013﹒安徽)It’s much easier to make friends ______ you have similar interests.
    A. unless B. when C. even though D. so that
    【答案】B
    【解析】本题可以把四个选项分别放到空处,其中只有选项B能使语意通顺,为正确答案;其他三个选项的意思分别是“除非”,“即使”,“以便”,都不合乎句意,排除。句意为当你们有相似的爱好的时候,交朋友就容易的多。
    13.(2013﹒北京)I have an appointment Dr. Smith, but I need to change it.
    A. to B. off C. with D. from
    【答案】 C
    【解析】have an appointment with sb是固定短语,意思是“与某人有约会”。句意为我跟史密斯医生有个约会,但我得改了。
    14.(2013﹒福建)Mrs. Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess, as her children are always ____ whenever she tries to.
    A. in the way B. on watch C. in sight D. on the line
    【答案】 A
    【解析】in the way妨碍、挡道;on watch值班、监视;in sight在即、看得见;on the line处于危险中、模棱两可。通过上下文意思可知是孩子们妨碍史密斯夫人的工作,所以先A。句意为史密斯夫人发现很难收拾这混乱的局面,因为无论什么时候她试图去做的时候,孩子们总是妨碍她的工作。
    15.(2013﹒安徽)Before you pay a visit to a place of interest, look in your local library a book about it.
    A. on B. at C. for D. to
    【答案】 C
    【解析】介词for 经常用来表示目的,为正确答案;其他几个介词均有此意,排除。句意为在你参观一个名胜之前,在当地图书馆里查找一本相关的书。
    16.(2013﹒湖北)An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered ______ a long lost antique Greek vase.
    A. at random B. by chance C. in turn D. on occasion
    【答案】 B
    【解析】at random任意地,随便地;by chance偶然地,意外地;无意之中;碰巧;in turn轮流地;相应地;on occasion有时, 间或。句意为一个艺术家最近乘坐渡轮到那个南方岛屿旅游,他无意之中竟然发现失传已久的古希腊花瓶。
    17. (2013﹒辽宁)___________everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country.
    A. By means of B. On behalf of C. In search of D. For fear of
    【答案】 B。
    【解析】A. by means of通过……手段 B. on behalf of代表 C. in search of寻找 D. for fear of为了避免,唯恐。根据句意可知,选择B。句意为代表在场的每一个人,我祝您归国旅途愉快。
    18. (2013﹒山东)The Smiths are praised _______ the way they bring up their children.
    A. from B. by C. at D. for
    【答案】D
    【解析】A项from“从,来自于”;B项by“通过,被”;C项at“在”;D项意为“因为,为了”,此处表示原因,符合句意。句意为史密斯夫妇因为他们教育孩子的方法而受到了称赞。
    19.(2013﹒陕西)The manager wants to see changes in the company, and I am sure he will .
    A. in particular B. in turn C. in charge D. in time
    【答案】 D
    【解析】四个选项的意思分别是“特别,尤其”,“依次,轮流”,“负责”,“及时;不久”,根据句意,答案明显是D。句意为经理想看到公司的变化,我相信不久他会看到的。
    20.(2013﹒新课标I)It was a real race time to get the project done. Luckily, we made it.
    A. over B. by C. for D. against
    【答案】 D
    【解析】题干中的it显然是形式主语,真正主语是不定式to get the project done。根据句意,可知完成这个项目要争分夺秒,所以某种意义上是在和时间赛跑。a race against time是固定短语,意思是“和时间赛跑”,故最佳答案是D。句意为完成项目真正是在和时间赛跑。幸运的是,我们赢了。
    21.(2013﹒浙江)It will be a great help if you go to the store and get what we need for dinner. _______, I’ll set the table.
    A. As a result B. On the whole C. In the meanwhile D. As a matter of fact
    【答案】C
    【解析】根据上下文句意之间的逻辑关系,应该是“与此同时”选C。句意为如果去店里买些我们晚饭需要的东西,这会有很大的帮助,与此同时,我将摆好桌子。
    22.(2013﹒上海)— I'm looking for a nearby place for my holiday. Any good idea?
    — How about the Moon Lake? It is ______ easy reach of the city.
    A. by B. beyond C. within D. from
    【答案】C
    【解析】本题四个选项都为常见介词,A. by表“通过;经由;在附近;在……之前”;B. beyond表“超过;在……的那一边”;C. within表“在……之内”;D. from表“来自;从……起”。由题干中的关键信息a nearby place可知,要推荐离城市不远的地方度假。而短语介词within easy reach of意思是“在…附近,距离…不远”,所以为正确选项。
    【2012年】
    1.(2012﹒陕西) No matter where he is, he makes _____a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.
    A. him B this C. that D. it
    【答案】 D
    【解析】所填词做使役动词make的形式宾语,真正宾语是to go for a walk,选D。
    2.(2012﹒全国新课标卷) Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but of them wants to, because they have work to do.
    A. either B. any
    C. neither D. none
    【答案】C
    【解析】根据句意可知,Bill和Peter两个人,所以其否定形式用neither。句意:Larry请求Bill和Peter一起和他去野餐,但他们两个都不想去,因为他们要工作。
    3.(2012﹒山东)When you are done with the book, just give it to Lucy or Helen or __________.
    A. whoever B. wherever C. whatever D. however
    【答案】A
    【解析】此处whoever是代词,意为:任何人,无论谁。它作to的宾语。句意:你看完书后,把书给Lucy或Helen,或谁都行。
    4.(2012﹒江西) My brother would like to buy a good watch but was available from that shop.
    A.nothing B.none C.no one D.neither
    【答案】B
    【解析】nothing指物,什么都不是;none既可指人也可指物,强调“每一个”;no one只能指人;neither表两者都不,故此题选B。
    5.(2012﹒重庆) ---John, when shall we meet again, Thursday or Friday?
    ---_________.I’ll be off to London then
    A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None
    【答案】B
    【解析】根据答语“I’ll be off to London then.”可知,约定的星期三或者星期五对John来说,都不行。在选项中B选项是“两者都不”之意,符合语境。因此,正确答案为B选项。
    6.(2012﹒湖北) If you’re buying today’s paper from the stand, could you get for me?
    A. one B. such C. this D. that[
    【答案】A
    【解析】根据句意:如果你去报摊上买今天的报纸,给我捎回一份好吗?one作“一个”,“一本”,“一件”等解,用来代替上文提到过的paper。相当于a copy of paper.
    7.(2012﹒福建)Nothing is so easy as parents raise their expectations of their children too high.
    A. of B. to C. by D. for
    【答案】D
    【解析】句意为:没有什么比父母亲过多的提高对孩子的期望值更容易的了。for parents“对于父母亲来说”,不定式是真正的被比较成分。本句的关键是找到关键点,一方面的nothing is so…as结构,另一方面就是不定式的成分界定。
    8.(2012﹒浙江)Brown said he was by no means annoyed;_____ he was glad to be able to make himself clearly understood.
    A. all in all B. for one thing C. on the contrary D. by the way
    【答案】C
    【解析】根据句意:布朗说他一点儿都不恼火。相反(on the contrary)他很高兴能够被透彻理解。All in all总而言之;for one thing其一;by the way顺便讲一下,均不符合语境,故排除。解题的关键是对词组by no means=never(决不)的理解。
    9.(2012﹒浙江) all the animals I've ever had, these two dogs arc the most sensitive to the spoken word.
    A. From B. Of C. For D. With
    【答案】B
    【解析】 two dogs所属与all animals,故用介词of表示这种关系,如:many of us, 我们其中的许多人,故答案B符合语境。From从;for为了;with有,均不符合语境,故排除。
    10.(2012﹒安徽) You can change your job, you can move house,but friendship is meant to be life.
    A. of B. on C. to D. For
    【答案】D
    【解析】mean在此表示“预定,指定”。The gift is meant for you. 这份礼物是给你的。 He was meant for [to be ]an electrician. 本来是准备把他培养成电工的。
    11.(2012﹒辽宁) The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place the main road at the far end of the lake.
    A. to B. for C. off D. out
    【答案】C
    【解析】off 意思是“离开...,隔着...”,表示与……隔着一定的距离。
    12.(2012﹒四川) This training program can give you a lift at work, ____ increase your income by 40%.
    A. as well as B. so long as C. so much as D. as soon as
    【答案】 A
    【解析】本题考查介词as构成的短语用法区别。A意为“除…之外(还有);和”;B意为“只要”;C意为“与…一样多”(不用于肯定句);D意为“一…就”。此题句意为:这个培训计划除了可以提高你的收入40%之外,还能够让你在工作方面得到提升。根据句意选A。
    13.(2012﹒陕西) An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are ______________ it.
    A . against B. for C .to D. with
    【答案】A
    【解析】所填介词与系动词be构成固定句型,意思是:反对,选A。be for支持,赞成;be to到达;be with和……在一起,都与句意不符。
    14.(2012﹒北京) Do you think this shirt is too tight ____ the shoulders?
    A. at B. on C. to D. across
    【答案】D
    【解析】
    15.(2012﹒全国卷II)100℃ is the temperature ______ which water will boil.
    A. for B. at C. on D. of
    【答案】B
    【解析】此处是介词前置的定语从句,temperature是先行词,根据介词短语at the temperature可知用at which,which代替temperature。句意:100度是水沸腾的温度。

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