专题15 情态动词和虚拟语气-十年（2012-2021）高考英语真题分项详解（全国通用） 解析版

这是一份专题15 情态动词和虚拟语气-十年（2012-2021）高考英语真题分项详解（全国通用） 解析版，共19页。
专题15 情态动词和虚拟语气
【2021年】
1．（2021·天津卷）It used to be that you ___drive for miles here without seeing another person, but now there are houses and people everywhere.
A．need B．should C．could D．must
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：以前你可能在这里开了几英里，都没见过别人，但现在到处都是房子和人。A. need 需要；B. should 应该，理应如此； C. could 可能，表示对客观可能性的推测；D. must 一定，必须。根据前半句意思可知，表示的是对客观可能性的推测。故选C。
【2020年】
1.（2020·天津卷）Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .
A. must B. can C. need D. should
【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词。句意:吉姆说我们可以住在他的房子里，只要我们保持它干净整洁。A. must必须；B. can能，可以；C. need需要；D. should应该。根据后面的“as long as we leave it clean and tidy”可知，Jim许可我们待在他的房子里，即:我们”能，可以”待在他的房子里。故选B。
2.（2020·江苏卷）If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I _____where I am.
A. won’t be B. wouldn’t have been C. wouldn’t be D. shouldn’t have been
【答案】C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我没有面对那么多的障碍，我现在就不会在这里。分析句子成分可知，此处是错综时间虚拟语气，根据空后where I am可知，此处是与现在事实相反的假设，主句谓语动词应使用would/could/might/should+do。故选C。
【2019年】
1.【2019·江苏卷】What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together.
A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had
【答案】C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文，可知是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选C。
2.【2019·天津卷】The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ the task in half the time.
A. accomplished B. had accomplished
C. would accomplish D. would have accomplished
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选D。
【2018年】
1.【2018·江苏】It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission.
A. would B. should
C. could D. might
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that...”中，其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的should可以省略。故选B。
2.【2018·江苏】There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______ a second chance to become more involved.
A. had B. will have
C. would have had D. have had
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句用一般过去时。故选A。
3.【2018·天津】I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.
A. should leave B. must have left
C. might leave D. could have left
【答案】D
【解析】考查情态动词表推测和虚拟语气。句意：我不能找到我的钱包了，昨天我有可能把它落到超市了，但我不确定。根据句中时间状语yesterday可知，是对过去事情的推测，故用情态动词+ have done，再根据后句but I’m not sure.可知，此推测为不能肯定的推测，故用情态动词could，表示“可能”。故选D。
4.【2018·北京】In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company.
A. need B. should C. can D. must
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况，即“客观可能性”，故该空应用情态动词can。C选项正确。其余情态动词均没有该用法。need需要；should应该，竟然；must必须，肯定。
5.【2018·北京】They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.
A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知，该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if ____ a few more kilometers是条件句部分，表示对过去的虚拟，条件句部分要用过去完成时态，故D选项正确。
6.【2018·天津】If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach
A. had caught B. caught
C. have caught D. would catch
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed。故选A。
【2017年】
1.【2017·北京卷】Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ______ easily reach the books on the top shelf.
A. must B. should C. can D. need
【答案】C
【解析】A. must 必须；B. should应该；C. can能；D. need需要。句意：Samuel，我们班最高的男生，能很轻松地够着书架顶上的书。此处需要一个表示能力的词，故用can，答案为C。
2.【2017·北京卷】If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened.
A. had been put B. were put C. should be put D. would be put
【答案】A
【解析】句意：如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用过的话，这个事故就不会发生了。根据主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟，所以从句谓语用had done形式，此外根据句意可知是被动，用被动语态，故A项是正确的。
3.【2017·江苏卷】_______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气的省略。虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略，同时把were/should/had提前，即Were /Should/ Had I...，故选B。
4.【2017·天津卷】My room is a mess, but I __________clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.
A. daren’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我的房间很乱，但是在今晚我出去之前不需要打扫，我可以明天早晨再打扫。A.不敢；B.不应该；C不需要；D.不许。根据句意，故选C。
5.【2017·天津卷】 —Do you have Betty’s phone number?
—Yes. Otherwise, I ______able to reach her yesterday.
A. hadn’t been B. wouldn’t have been C. weren’t D. wouldn’t be
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？——有。否则我昨天就联系不到她了。此处otherwise(否则)相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句，由yesterday可知本句对过去进行虚拟，由此可以判断出主句用wouldn’t have done，故选B。
【2016年】
1.【2016·北京】I love the weekend, because I ________ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. wouldn’t D. shouldn’t
【答案】A
【解析】题目考查情态动词。句意：我喜欢周末，因为周六和周日我不需要早起。A. needn’t不需要；B. mustn’t禁止；C. wouldn’t不愿；D. shouldn’t不应该。根据句意可知，周六、周日不用早起，故选A。
2.【2016·北京】Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you ________ me, I could have helped.
A. told B. had told C. were to tell D. would tell
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：你上周为什么没有告诉我你遇到的麻烦？如果你告诉我的话，我就可以帮你了。根据第一句可知，这里是对过去发生的事情进行虚拟，if条件句的时态应该用过去完成时，故选B。
3.【2016·江苏】If it for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.
A.had not been B.should not be
C. were not to be D. should not have been
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果不是因为前几天他的邀请，我现在就不会在这里了。故A项正确。
4.【2016·天津】It was really annoying; I _____ get access to the data bank you had recommended.
A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
【答案】B
【解析】句意：这真是令人心烦；我不能进入你推荐的数据库。wouldn’t不愿意；couldn’t不能；shouldn’t不应该；needn’t不必。根据句意可知选B。
5.【2016·天津】 I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I ____.
A. were injured B. would be injured
C. had been injured D. would have been injured
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我当时系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带，我就会受伤了。使用虚拟语气，根据if条件句用的had done，可知，主句用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟，而且I和injure是被动关系。故选D。
6.【2016·浙江】Had the governments and scientists not worked together , AIDS-related deaths _______ since their highest in 2005.
A. had not fallen B. would not fall C. did not fall D. would not have fallen
【答案】D
【解析】句意：如果政府和科学家不共同努力，与艾滋病相关的死亡人数就不会从2005年的最高点下降。使用虚拟语气，if条件句用的had done，而且省略if，将had提前，主句用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟。故选D。
【2015年】
1.(2015﹒北京)—Can’t you stay a little longer?
—It’s getting late. I really _____go now, My daughter is home alone.
A .may B .can C . must D .dare
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——你不能再多待会儿吗?——很晚了，我必须得走了。我女儿一个人在家。A. may可能，可以，也许；B. can能，会；C. must必须，必然要，必定会；D. dare敢，胆敢。结合句意，故选C。
2.(2015﹒北京) If I _____it with my own eyes ,I wouldn’t have believed it.
A . didn’t see B. weren’t seeing C. wouldn’t see D. hadn’t seen
【答案】D
【解析】句意：如果不是我亲眼看到，我不会相信。根据后半句wouldn’t have believed可以判断是对过去的虚拟。所以从句是if+主语+ had+done的形式。故选D。
3.(2015﹒重庆)Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.
A. didn’t write B. hadn’t written
C. wouldn’t write D. wouldn’t have written
【答案】D
【解析】句意：没有他战时的经验，海明威就不可能写出著名的小说永别了武器。根据without his wartime experience没有战时的经历，可知表示对于过去的否定猜测，故主句用would have done，因此选D项。
4.(2015﹒重庆)You ____ be Carol. You haven’t changed a bit after all these years.
A. must B. can C. will D. shall
【答案】A
【解析】句意：你肯定是卡罗，这些年你一点也没有变化。 must表示对现在的肯定推测。 故选A。
5.(2015﹒浙江)It was so noisy that we hear ourselves speak.
A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D needn’t
【答案】A
【解析】试题分析:句意:太吵了,以致我们不能够听到我们在说什么? A的意思是不能，B的意思是不应该，C的意思是禁止，D的意思是不需要。该题用到了一个so+形容词+that的句式，做题时应该正确理解句意及这句式的用法。正确理解这是表达不能还是表达其他的东西。must只能用于肯定句，用于否定句表示禁止，这一点尤其要注意因为往往会出错。如果表示一种可能往往是can的形式(过去时态使用could)
6.(2015﹒天津)I ______ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.
A. mightn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. couldn’t
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我来新学校之前本没有必要担心，因为在这里我的同学对我非常友好。needn’t have done本没有必要做某事，表示实际上已经做了某事。根据句意可知选C。
7.(2015﹒天津)I wish I ______ at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.
A. will be B. would be C. have been D. had been
【答案】D
【解析】句意：上个周二我本希望参加我姐姐的婚礼，但那时我在纽约出差。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句用had + 过去分词。根据句意可知选D。
8.(2015﹒四川)You _____be careful with the camera. It costs!
A .must B. may C. can D. will
【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词。根据下文的it costs可知，照相机很昂贵，故选择A，意为：你一定要非常小心对待照相机，它很昂贵。
9.(2015﹒陕西) You feel all the training a waste of time, but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it.
A. should B. need C. shall D. may
【答案】D
【解析】句意：你可能觉得所有的训练都是浪费时间，但是我有100%的把握你以后会感激它的。should应该；need需要；shall将会；may（不确定）可能。所以选D。
10.(2015﹒陕西)Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I as well as her.
A. dance B. will dance C. had danced D. danced
【答案】C
【解析】句意：Ellen是一个很棒的舞蹈演员。但愿我能和她跳得一样好。I wish“但愿”后面接宾语从句用虚拟语气，和现在相反用一般过去时，所以选C。
11.(2015﹒福建)—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.
—Oh, it's too bad. You have made full preparations.
A. must B. can C. would D. Should
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析:考查情态动词+have done结构。A must必须B.can可以; C.would 将会: D.should 应该。这里是情态+have done 的结构的虚拟语气，can+have+done'表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过... .. 吗?";could+have+done , 表示对过去事情的假设,意思是本来能够做某事而没有做; must+have+done"表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一 -定做过某事i ，该结构只用于肯定句; should+have+done"意思是“本来应该做某事,而实际没做。该对话意思为: -对不起，妈妈，我面试又失败---噢，那太糟糕了，你应该做好充分准备的。故选D
12.(2015﹒江苏)It might have saved me some trouble ______ the schedule.
A. did I know B. have I known C. do I know D. had I known
【答案】D
【解析】句意：如果我早知道日程安排，可能会省去我一些麻烦。根据题干中might have saved可知主句是对过去的虚拟，从句应用if I had known与主句保持一致。if虚拟条件句中含有had时，可将if省去，同时将had提前构成倒装结构。故选D项。虚拟语气重要做题原则：根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间, 一般要保持一致，但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。另外，当 if 条件句中含有助动词 had，should 或 were 时, 可以省略 if，而将 had, should 或 were提到句首，从而构成倒装虚拟条件句。
13.(2015﹒安徽)It is lucky we booked a room, or we ______nowhere to stay now.
A. had B. had had C. would have D. would have had
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我们很幸运地订到了房间，否则的话，我们现在就会无处可去了。or引导含蓄虚拟条件句，or后面是主句，相当于if we hadn’t booked a room, we would have nowhere to stay now.，根据“now”可知，是对现在进行虚拟，因此用would+动词原形，故选C。
【2014年】
1.(2014﹒北京)________I have a word with you? It won't take long.
A.Can B.Must C.Shall D.Should
【答案】A
【解析】根据上下文可知，说话人在请求听话人允许短时间内的一个交谈。can表示“能不能”，故选A。
2.(2014﹒北京)We ________back in the hotel now if you didn't lose the map.
A.are B.were C.will be D.would be
【答案】D
【解析】根据条件状语从句中if we didn't lose the map可知，主从句都是对现在情况的假设，所以选D。
3.(2014﹒全国大纲卷)Although you ________ find bargains in London, it's not generally a cheap place to shop.
A. should B. need C. must D. can
【答案】D
【解析】句意：尽管你能在伦敦找到便宜货，但是它一般不是购物便宜的地方。此处can意为“能”。根据句意选D。
4.(2014﹒福建)________no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.
A.Were there B.Had there been C.If there are D.If there have been
【答案】A　
【解析】句意：要是没有现代化的通讯，我们将不得不等待若干个星期才能获得来自世界各地的消息。“要是没有现代化的通讯”是对现在情况的一种假设，故从句中使用一般过去时态，省略if后把were提到从句主语之前。故选择A项。
5.(2014﹒湖南)If Mr Dewey ________ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.
A. were　　　B. had been C. should be D. was
【答案】B
【解析】句意：如果Dewey先生当时在场的话，他就会尽一切可能帮助那里的人们。根据主句中的would have offered可知，这是对过去的虚拟，故条件句用had done形式。
6.(2014﹒湖南)—I've prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.
—Do you mean we ________ bring anything with us?
A. can't B. mustn't C. shan't D. needn't
【答案】D
【解析】句意：“我已经为这次野炊准备了各种各样的食物。”“你的意思是说我们不需要携带任何东西了？”此处needn't表示“没有必要”。
7.(2014﹒江苏)It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, ________ bring me food.
A.might B.would C.should D.could
【答案】C
【解析】句意：他们这么穷竟然还带食物给我，这使我很难过。should表示“竟然”，符合语境，故C项正确。might可能；would愿意；could能够。
8.(2014﹒江西)Life is unpredictable; even the poorest ________ become the richest.
A. shall B. must C.need D. might
【答案】D
【解析】句意：生活是不可预料的，甚至最穷的人可能变成最富有的人。根据unpredictable可知表示可能性，本题应该选择might。
9.(2014﹒陕西)We would rather our daughter ________ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.
A. would stay B. has stayed C. stayed D. stay
【答案】C
【解析】would rather后跟宾语从句时，从句谓语动词用过去式表示动作发生在现在或将来，用“had＋过去分词”表示动作发生在过去。根据后一句中的is可知此处动词用过去式，故选C。
10.(2014﹒四川)I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ________ take me to Disneyland at weekends.
A. might B. must C. would D. should
【答案】C
【解析】此处would表示过去习惯性的动作，意为“过去常常”。句意：我仍旧记得我快乐的童年，那时我的母亲常在周末带我去迪士尼乐园。
11.(2014﹒天津)________ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.
A. Did he catch B. Should he catch
C. Has he caught D. Had he caught
【答案】D　
【解析】句意：如果他赶上了早晨的火车，他开会就不会迟到了。根据题干中的后半句“…he would not have been late for the meeting.”可知，这是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，因此前面的从句中需用过去完成时had done。在if引导的虚拟语气中，当句中有were, should, had时，可将if省去，并把were, should, had提到主语的前面构成部分倒装，故D项正确。
12.(2014﹒浙江)They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they ________ to our help.
A.would have come B.could come C.have come D.had come
【答案】A
【解析】句意：当我们在做调查的那几个月里，他们一直在国外，否则的话他们早就来帮我们了。从句中的关键题眼or可以知道，此处是虚拟语气，同时根据前面的they were abroad可以知道，此处是对过去状况的虚拟，根据语法规则知，句中谓语动词用“should/would/could/might ＋have done”结构，所以选A项。
13.(2014﹒重庆)I've ordered some pizza, so we ________ worry about cooking when we get home tired.
A. can't B. dare not C. needn't D. may not
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我已经订了比萨，因此当我们很累地回到家时没有必要担心做饭的事情。need表示必要性；can多表能力或推测；dare表示胆量；may则表示准许或可能。
14.(2014﹒重庆)It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I _____it?
A. had done B. have done C. did D. am doing
【答案】A　
【解析】as if后的句子若表示与事实相反，须用虚拟语气。根据前一句中谓语动词用一般过去时可知，as if后的句子表示的是与过去事实相反的假设，用过去完成时。故选A。
15.(2014﹒安徽)People are recycling many things which they ________ away in the past!
A.had thrown B.will be throwing
C.were throwing D.would have thrown
【答案】D
【解析】根据in the past可知，说的是过去情况，对过去情况的推测或评说，应使用“情态动词＋完成式”结构。句意：现在人们回收利用很多东西，而过去他们会将这些扔掉。 故选D。
【2013年】
1.(2013﹒北京)If we ______ a table earlier, we couldn’t be standing here in a queue.
A. have booked B. booked C. book D. had booked
【答案】D。
【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。本句是一个包含了一个条件状语从句的复合句，从主句的谓语动词would be standing 可以推出，用的是虚拟语气，这样，if就是一个虚拟条件句，“订餐”是发生在过去，故是与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，句中谓语动词应该用had done的形式，因此锁定答案。
2.(2013﹒福建)—Do you think George has passed the driving test?
—No. If so, he _____his car to our college yesterday.
A. would drive B. drove C. would have driven D. had driven
【答案】C。
【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。根据句中的yesterday可以判断出是与过去的事实相反，所以主句用would have done 结构。
3.(2013﹒江苏)I should not have laughed if I ______ you were serious.
A. thought B. would think C. had thought D. have thought
【答案】C。
【解析】本题考查非真实条件句的虚拟语气。根据主句中should not have laughed可知，本句所讲与过去事实相反。If引导非真实条件句表示与过去事实相反时，从句结构为had done.。所以选A。
4.(2013﹒陕西)My mom suggests that we ______ eat out for a change this weekend.
A. should B. might C. could D. would
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查名词性从句中的虚拟语气。本句是一个复合句，主句谓语动词suggests,后跟宾语从句，谓语动词要用（should）do sth，故答案是A。
5.(2013﹒天津)If he had spent more time practicing English before, he ______ able to speak it much better now
A. will be B. would be C has been D. would have been
【答案】B。
【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。本句是一个错综时间虚拟句。从句是对过去事实的虚拟，谓语用had done，而主句则是对现在（now）事实的一种假设，所以用would do，所以B项符合句意。
6.(2013﹒浙江)Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam _____ at the age of six months old.
A. was B. be C. were D. is
【答案】B。
【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据句中谓语动词 recommend 判断出后面的宾语从句应该用(should) do sth。
7.(2013﹒重庆)— It rained cats and dogs this morning. I'm glad we took an umbrella.
— Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we ______.
A. hadn't B. haven't C. didn't D. don't
【答案】A。
【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。事实是带了伞，那么假设没带伞，就是与过去事实相反的假设，所以从句部分要用had/hadn’t done sth的形式。
8.(2013﹒陕西)The children ______ lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.
A. must have got B. must get C. should have got D. should get
【答案】A。
【解析】本题考查情态动词表示对过去情况的推测。从句子的后半部分看，谓语动词用了would have been，说明是与过去事实相反的，故前半句应该是对过去事实的推测，应该用情态动词+ 完成式，排除选项B，D；选项C虽然是对过去情况的猜测，但意思是“本应迷路，但没迷路”，与句意不符，排除。
9.(2013﹒新课标卷II)Since nobody gave him any help, he ______ have done the research on his own.
A. can B. must C. would D. need
【答案】B。
【解析】本题考查情态动词表示对过去情况的推测。由“没有人帮过”可以推断出“一定是他自己做的”，而must have done的意思就是“一定做过某事”，表示对过去发生的事情的推测。
10.(2013﹒江西)When I was a child, I ______ watch TV whenever I wanted to.
A. should B. could C. must D. need
【答案】B。
【解析】考查情态动词。本题的解题关键在于从句when I was a child；确定了整个句子的时态为过去时；need的过去式是needed，因此选项D为错误；A选项should与第一人称连用，表达有义务或有责任做某事，意为“应该，应当”；B选项could用在过去时中表示“可能性”或“能力”；C选项must很少用于过去式，一般在过去时态中经常用had to来代替。
11.(2013﹒辽宁)Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He ______ too much at the party last night.
A. could drink B. should drink C. would have D. must have drunk
【答案】D。
【解析】本题考查情态动词表示过去情况的推测。根据时间状语last night可知，本句讲的是过去的事情，故先排除选项A，B。would have done是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的主句结构，must have done表示对过去情况猜测，“肯定做过……”。由句意理解，这里是表示猜测。故选D。
12.(2013﹒四川)—Why are your eyes so red? You _______ have slept well last night.
—Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. won’t
【答案】A。
【解析】本题考查情态动词表猜测。根据眼睛红推测没睡好觉，can’t/couldn’t have done 的意思是“过去不可能做过”， 正合题意，为正确答案；mustn’t have done 不存在，；needn’t have done 意思是“本没要做但做了”；won’t have done 意思是“将不能完成”，均与句意不符，排除。
13.(2013﹒天津)No one ______ be more generous; he has a heart of gold.
A. could B. must C. dare D. need
【答案】A。
【解析】本题考查情态动词。A项could表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中，而且本句中还包含了否定词+比较级表达最高级的一种用法，表示他是最慷慨大方的；B项must表示必须、必要或说话人的主观看法；C项dare用于否定句中表示敢于。D项need用于疑问句、否定句中表示有必要，需要。
14.(2013﹒安徽)It ______ be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.
A. may B. couldn’t C. should D. needn’t
【答案】B。
【解析】本题考查情态动词的推测意义。从后面的原因看，你的词汇量多，推断：导致出现问题的原因不可能是词汇问题。can’t /couldn’t be 的意思是“不可能是”，故为正确答案。
15.(2013﹒北京)--- You needn’t take an umbrella. It isn’t going to rain.
--- Well, I don’t know. It ______ do.
A. might B. need C. would D. should
【答案】A。
【解析】本题考查情态动词的推测意义。本题的关键是“I don’t know”，既然是不清楚，那就是有可能，因此用might；
16.(2013﹒湖南)He ________ sleep, although he tried to when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it.
A.wouldn't B.shouldn't C.couldn't D.mustn't
【答案】C。
【解析】考查情态动词。从although he tried to可判断出，他试图想睡，但又睡不着，wouldn’t 不愿意，shouldn’t 不该，mustn’t含有禁止的意思，couldn’t不能，故选择C。
17.(2013﹒新课标卷I)The door ________ open, no matter how hard she pushed.
A. shouldn’t B. couldn’t C. wouldn’t D. mightn’t
【答案】C。
【解析】本题考查情态动词的用法。题干是《朗文当代英文词典》当中的一个例句，用来说明would not的用法：即使某人努力让某事发生，某事就是不发生，翻译成汉语有“偏不”的意思。这种用法是would not所独有的，故最佳答案是C。
18.(2013﹒浙江)I ______ myself more ---- it was a perfect day.
A. shouldn’t have enjoyed B. needn’t have enjoyed
C. wouldn’t have enjoyed D. couldn’t have enjoyed
【答案】D。
【解析】考查情态动词。must have done表示对过去的推测，只用于肯定句，故排除B；wouldn’t have done表示虚拟或原不想做的事情却做了，needn’t have done表示本不必做却做了某事，can’t / couldn’t …more表示“再什么不过了，再也没有比这更… 的”，从下文it was a perfect day可知“我玩得再开心不过了”， 故选择D。
19.(2013﹒重庆)— What are you doing this Saturday?
— I'm not sure, but I ______ go to the Rolling Stones concert
A. must B. would C. should D. might
【答案】D。
【解析】本题考查情态动词。本题的关键词是I’m not sure，既然不确定，那就是不能说必须，将，应该，排除选项A，B，C。
20.(2013﹒安徽)I ______ to my cousin’s birthday party last night, but I was not available
A. went B. had gone C. would go D. would have gone
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。本题的解题关键是逗号之后的句子“but I was not available”，由此可以看出，昨晚的聚会我没有参加，所以空处是与过去事实相反的动作，故正确答案是would have gone。
【2012年】
1.(2012﹒北京)We ______ the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me?
A. should face B. might face
C. could have faced D. must have faced
【答案】C
【解析】虚拟语气考点，对过去的虚拟，本能……。
2.(2012﹒北京)Don’t handle the vase as if it ____ made of steel.
A. is B. were C. has been D. had been
【答案】B
【解析】虚拟语气考点，对现在的虚拟用were。
3.(2012﹒全国卷II)I’m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _______ find the money.
A. can B. might C. would D. need
【答案】A
【解析】此处考查了can的本意“能”，表示“能力”。句意：我要和John一起去欧洲度假，如果我能找到钱。
4.(2012﹒全国新课程)I use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house.
A. couldn't B. mustn't C. shouldn't D. needn't
【答案】D
【解析】此处考查情态动词，needn’t+动词原形表示：没有必要做某事。句意：我没有必要用闹钟唤醒我，因为每天早上6点火车都经过我的房子。
5.(2012﹒山东)If we _______ adequate preparations, the conference wouldn’t have been so successful.
A. haven’t made B. wouldn’t make C. didn’t make D. hadn’t made
【答案】D
【解析】在虚拟条件句中，表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句用过去完成时，主句用would have done的形式。句意：如果我们没有做好充分的准备，会议就不会这样成功。
6.(2012﹒福建)We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we________ more places of interest yesterday.
A. visited B. had visited C. would visit D. would have visited
【答案】D
【解析】本题关键是从时间状语yesterday知道是对过去的虚拟，前半句是个过去的客观事实“我们在那个小山村迷路”，otherwise否则后半句是用对过去的虚拟would have done，答案为D项。对虚拟语气的做法主要是看时间状语或是看里面的关键词是对什么时间的虚拟，这就很容易了。
7.(2012﹒江苏)— Happy birthday!
—Thank you! It’s the best present I for.
A. should have wished B. must have wished
C. may have wished D. could have wished
【答案】D
【解析】A项意为“本应该期望而实际上并非如此”；B项意为“一定希望”；C项意为“也许希望”；D项意为“可能希望”。句意为：——生日快乐！——谢谢你！这是我所能期望的最好的礼物了。根据句意可知，应选D项。
8.(2012﹒江苏)Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but say where he was.
A. mustn't B. shouldn't C. wouldn't D. mightn't
【答案】C
【解析】mustn’t意为“禁止”；shouldn’t意为“不应该”；wouldn’t意为“不愿意”；mightn’t意为“或许不”。句意为：几天后，我哥哥打电话说他一切很好，但不愿意说他在哪儿。根据句意可知，应选C项。
9.(2012﹒安徽)Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she there, she wouldn't be able to see her parents very often.
A. lives B. would live C. having asked D. Were to live
【答案】D
【解析】在表示将来的情况下，主句中第一人称可用should，其他人称用would；从句中任何人称都用should,不可用would.
10.(2012﹒陕西)I______ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.
A. won’t B. can’t C. can D. will
【答案】B
【解析】所填情态动词与too 构成固定句型can’t/couldn’t …too…，意思是：再……都不为过，选B。
11.(2012﹒湖南)Sorry, I am too busy now. If I ____ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.
A. have had B. had had C. have D. had
【答案】D
【解析】从句中用一般过去时表现在的假设。动词的时态 条件状语从句中的虚拟语气 一般过去式表对现在的假设
12.(2012﹒重庆)-____you interrupt now? Can’t you see I’m on the phone?
-Sorry Sir, but it’s urgent.
A. Can B. Should C. Must D. Would
【答案】 C
【解析】句意：“——你现在一定要打断我吗？难道你不能看到我在打电话吗？——对不起，先生，事情很急。”根据语境结合选项的词义，C选项符合题意。因此，正确答案为C选项。
13.(2012﹒辽宁)One of our rules is that every student wear school uniform while at school.
A. might B. could C. shall D. will
【答案】C
【解析】Shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。这儿是说根据学校规定学生在校时都必须要穿校服。
14.(2012﹒四川)I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao ” just as I ____ do in China.
A. must B. might C. can D. should
【答案】 B
【解析】句意为：我靠他们足够的近以听见他们说汉语，而且我会像我在中国可能做的那样说“你好”。might表示“可能”。故选B。
15.(2012﹒陕西)If may car _________more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.
A. was B. had been C. should be D. would be
【答案】B
【解析】根据主语的谓语动词可知题干是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用had done，选B。