专题18 定语从句-十年（2012-2021）高考英语真题分项详解（全国通用） 解析版

这是一份专题18 定语从句-十年（2012-2021）高考英语真题分项详解（全国通用） 解析版，共18页。
专题18 定语从句
【2021年】
1．（2021·天津卷）William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________ we can learn without repeating them.
A．from which B．in which C．with whom D．for whom
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：威廉·哈斯蒂曾经说过，历史会告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中学习避免重复犯错。分析句子可知，past mistakes为现行词，_____ we can learn without repeating them.为定语从句，从句中谓语动词can learn可知，要从过去的错误中学习，learn from“从……中学习”，可知应用from which引导定语从句。故选A。
2．（2021·天津卷）At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands ________ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.
A．where B．which C．that D．when
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在中国艺术节上有不同的展台，在那里艺术家可以展示他们的技巧并教给参观者。分析句子成分可知，stands 作先行词，空格后的句子为定语从句来修饰stands ，从句中不缺主宾表，故选关系副词，先行词stands 在从句中作地点状语，所以应用where。故选A。
4.（2021年浙江1月卷）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier 28． that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.
【答案】
28．and
29．that/which
【解析】
28．考查连词。句意：在一项对200个国家33年体重指数趋势的研究中，科学家们发现，世界各地的人们体重越来越重，而这主要是由于农村地区体重指数的增加。分析句子结构可知，that people worldwide are getting heavier和that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.都是found引导的宾语从句，是并列关系，故填and。
29．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：BMI是一种国际公认的测量工具，它可以显示一个人的体重是否健康。分析句子结构可知，tool是先行词，且在从句中做主语，故填that/which。
【2020年】
1. （2020·江苏卷）Many lessons are now available online, from __________ students can choose for free.
A. whose B. which C. when D. whom
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many lessons，关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which引导。故选B。
3. （2020·天津卷）Dr. Rowan, __________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
A. whose B. of whom C. of which D. which
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。______ secretary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr. Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr. Rowan’s ”，表示“……的” ，应用关系代词whose引导该从句，故选A。
3. （2020·新课标Ⅲ卷）In ancient China lived an artist 61 paintings were almost lifelike.
【答案】whose
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
【2019年】
1.【2019·江苏卷】We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
A. which B. what C. when D. that
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中做时间状语，所以关系词用when。 故选C。
2.【2019·天津卷】Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
A. why B. where C. which D. what
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she can say individual words but not full sentences是一个定语从句，先行词是the stage，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，故选B。
3.【2019·新课标I卷】One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.
【答案】One afternoon I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.
【解析】考查定语从句。先行词one afternoon表示时间在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词使用when。故将where改为when。
4.【2019·新课标II卷】Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， ___62___ she opened with her late husband Les.
【答案】where
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语，故用which。
5.【2019·新课标III卷】They were well trained by their masters ___64___ had great experience with caring for these animals.
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。
6.【2019·新课标III卷】 In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.
【答案】In the cafe, customers will enjoy  themselves in the historical 
environment  is created for them. 
【解析】本句考查定语从句。先行词environment 在从句中做主语，指物，关系代词用that/which。故 把what改为that/which。
7.【2019·浙江卷】On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ___58___gives off light in the dark.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。
8.【2019·北京卷】What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go.
【答案】where
【解析】句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。
9.【2019·北京卷】The students benefitting most from college are those ___9___ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.
【答案】who/that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。___3___ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句，修饰先行词those，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填who或that。
【2018年】
1.【2018·北京】She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.
A. which B. who C. as D. that
【答案】A
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于她们保持健康。“____ helps them keep fit”是非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰整个主句，引导词在从句中做主语，故该从句应用关系代词which引导。A选项正确。
2.【2018·天津】Kae, _________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
A. whom B. that C. whose D. her
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子，句中先行词为Kate，在非限定性定语从句中作名词sister的定语，故用关系代词whose。故选C。
3.【2018·江苏】 Self-driving is an area _______ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，相当于in which。故选B。
4.【2018·新课标I卷】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes (cause).
【答案】that或which
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处a study是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。
5.【2018·新课标I卷】They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by selling the fish.
【答案】 which改成in which或where
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。他们还有一个小池塘，里面养着鱼。此处a small pond是先行词，其在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故用in which或where。
6.【2018·新课标II卷】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government _started_ (start) a soil-testing program ___69___ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
【答案】that或which
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代program并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。
7.【2018·新课标II卷】Many westerners 57 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.
【答案】that或who
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。
【2017年】
1.【2017·北京卷】The little problems ______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
A. that B. as C. where D. when
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。______ we meet in our daily lives是定语从句，从句缺少宾语，先行词是problems，用that。
2.【2017·江苏】In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _______ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
A. which B. it’s C. whose D. whom
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。先行词是“the World Food Programme”，“世界粮食项目”的目的之一是……，
whose在定语从句中作定语，这里限定purposes，故选C。句意：1963年联合国建立了世界粮食计划署，
其目的之一就是为了缓解世界范围内的饥饿问题。
3.【2017·天津】My eldest son, _______ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.
A. that B. whose C. his D. who
【答案】B
【解析】本句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是My eldest son, 根据句意和空后名词确定引导词在从句中作定语，选项中只有whose修饰名词作定语。故选B。
1.【2016·北京】 I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.
A. whose B. why C. where D. which
【答案】A
【解析】题目考查定语从句的关系词。a couple是先行词，这对夫妻的孩子很吵，children和couple是所属关系，故用whose作定语，whose children相当于the children of whom，故选A。
2.【2016·江苏】Many young people, most ______were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
A. of which B. of them C. of whom D. of those
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是Many young people，关系代词whom指代先行词，在定语从句中作为介词of的宾语。句意：很多年轻人都前往偏远地区追求它们的梦想，其中大部分人都是受过良好教育。故C正确。
3.【2016·浙江】 Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears , none of ______ has been proved.
A. whom B. which C. what D. that
【答案】B
【解析】句意：关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪，科学家已经提出了很多理论，没有一个被证明了。使用定语从句，先行词是theories，指物，定语从句中用代词+介词+关系代词which引导。故选B。
4.【2016·天津】We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ____ the weather may be better.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。使用定语从句，先行词是next week，定语从句中不缺少主宾表，缺少时间状语。故选D。
【2015年】
1.(2015﹒安徽)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon______ school education depends.
A. it B. that C. whose D. which
【答案】D
【解析】句意:一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。it 不能引导定语从句；that不用于介词之后；whose作定语，其后需有名词；depend on/upon依靠，依赖，介词后只能用which或whom来构成定语从句的引导词，故选D。
2.(2015﹒湖南)It is a truly delightful place, ________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages..
A. as B. where C. that D. which
【答案】D
【解析】根据分析，此句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是place，在定语从句中是作主语的，所以用关系代词引导。As引导非限定性定语从句时要放在句首，故排除，选用which。句意：这真是一个令人愉快的地方，这里的蜿蜒的小路和美丽的小村庄一定和100年前看起来是一模一样的。故选D
3.(2015﹒北京)Opposite is St.Paul's Church,___you can hear some lovely music.
A. which B.that C.when D.where
【答案】D
【解析】句意：对面是圣保罗教堂，在教堂里你能听到一些优美的音乐。这是一个定语从句。先行词是St. Paul’s Church，从句主谓宾成分完整，去掉空后依然是完整的句子，可推断出引导词在从句中作的是地点状语。用where。故选D。
4.(2015﹒重庆)He wrote many children’ s books, nearly half of____ were published in the 1990s.
A. whom B. which C. them D. that
【答案】B
【解析】句意：他写了许多儿童书籍，几乎一半在1990年左右出版。先行词是books，定语从句中of缺少宾语，故选B项。
5.(2015﹒浙江)Creating an atmosphere employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
A. as B. whose C. in which D. at which
【答案】C
【解析】 句意:创造一种雇员感觉是其中一员的氛围是一个大的挑战 。这是一个定语从句，in the atmosphere“在氛围中"是一一个固定搭配。此处也可以是where. 分析句子结构和结合四个选项,知道在这里面所需要填的是连词。然后空格之前是一个名词，这种情况首先考虑的是定语从句。然后分析之后的句子是具备完整的结构(有了主语employees和宾语part of a team)所以这应该是需要一个充当状语的连词，如where,when。why由于when用于时间，Why用于原因，剩下的使用where,所以这里填where。但是答案没有这个选项，根据搭配介词+which=where及in atmosphere是固定搭配，不难得出答案。
6.(2015﹒天津)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ______ his employees enjoy their work.
A. where B. which C. when D. who
【答案】A
【解析】句意：公司老板正尽力创造一种轻松的气氛，在这种气氛中，其员工喜欢他们的工作。句中先行词为atmosphere，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。根据句意可知选A。
7.(2015﹒四川)The books on the desk, covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
A.which B. what C. whose D. that
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。本题考查定语从句的关系词，先行词为the books，和covers之间存在所有关系，故选择C，意为书的封面。句意为：桌上的书是给我们的奖励，那些书的封面闪闪发光。
8.(2015﹒陕西)As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time he should be able to be independent.
A. which B. where C. whom D. when
【答案】D
【解析】句意：作为家里最小的孩子，Alex总是渴望他能够有独立的时间。这里使用定语从句，先行词是the time，定语从句中缺少时间状语，用关系副词when，所以选D。
9.(2015﹒福建)China Today attracts a worldwide readership,_______ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
A. who B. whom C. that D. Which
【答案】D
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。根据句式结构来看出现了逗号，说明这是一个非限制性定语从句。首先That不能引导非限制性定语从句，who在引导非限制性定语从句的时候通常在从句中做主语和宾语，指人，而whom也指人，却只能做宾语。Which引导非限制性定语从句通常在从句中做主语或者宾语。关系词代指前面的中国日报，在定语从句中做主语。该句意思为：中国日报有着全球的读者群，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。故选D
10.(2015﹒江苏)The number of smokers, _____ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
A. it B. which C. what D. as
【答案】D
【解析】句意：据报道，吸烟者人数仅（过去）一年就减少了17%。as引导的非限制性定语从句位置灵活，可以置于主句的句首、句中或句末，指代的是整个一句话。故选D项。考生容易误选B项which，把逗号前面的the number of smokers看成先行词，后面非限制性定语从句用which引导。殊不知，这里关系代词指代的是“The number of smokers has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.”整个一句话。另外，as和which在定语从句都可以指代一句话，但前者有“正如……”的意思，后者则没有。还可以抓住as is reported这一常用结构，类似的还有as is known/expected/planned/mentioned/said等。
【2014年】
1.(2014﹒北京)I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week，________my classmates recommended to me.
A.who B.Which C.when D.where
【答案】B
【解析】根据题干信息，定语从句的先行词为book，定语从句中缺乏宾语，加之逗号后为非限制性定语从句，所以本题选B。
2.(2014﹒福建)Students should involve themselves in community activities ________ they can gain experience for growth.
A.who B.when C.which D.where
【答案】D　
【解析】句意：学生应该使他们自己参与到团体活动中来，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长经验。根据句意可知，所填词引导定语从句，先行词是activities，并且从句中的主谓宾成分是齐全的，且不需要表示时间，故选择D项。
3.(2014﹒湖南)I am looking forward to the day ________ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.
A. as B. why C. when D. where
【答案】 C　
【解析】句意：我一直期待着我的女儿能读懂这本书，能明白我对她的感情的那一天。关系副词when引导定语从句，修饰先行词day，在从句中作时间状语。
4.(2014﹒江苏)The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work ________ a good impression is a must.
A.which B.When C.as D.where
【答案】D
【解析】句意：这本书在我的日常交流方面给予了我很大帮助，尤其是在必须给别人留下一个好印象的工作中。分析句子结构可知，先行词为抽象名词work，定语从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导。
5.(2014﹒江西)Among the many dangers ________ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.
A. which B. what C. where D. when
【答案】A
【解析】句意：在水手们必须面对的许多危险中，也许最大的是雾。此题易误选C项，原因是没有分析清楚从句的句子成分。which在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词dangers，同时在从句中作face的宾语。
6.(2014﹒山东)A company ________profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.
A.which B.whose C.who D.why
【答案】B
【解析】句意：一个来自国内市场的利润在下降的公司可能会寻找国外机会。a company是先行词，其后是定语从句，定语从句的主语是profits，缺少定语，故选B。
7.(2014﹒陕西)Please send us all the information ________ you have about the candidate for the position.
A. that B. which C. as D. what
【答案】A　
【解析】先行词是information，指物，关系词在从句中作及物动词have的宾语，且先行词用不定代词all修饰，关系词只能用that，故选A。
8.(2014﹒四川)Until now, we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor children, ________ is quite unexpected.
A.that B.Which C.who D.it
【答案】B　
【解析】此处which指代整个主句内容引导非限制性定语从句，which在定语从句中作主语。句意：到现在为止，我们已经为那些贫穷的孩子们筹集到了50 000英镑，这是完全没有预料到的。
9.(2014﹒天津)English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, ________ uses it differently.
A. all of which B. each of which C. all of them D. each of them
【答案】B　
【解析】句意：英语是一种被好几种不同文化共同使用的语言，每一种文化使用它时都是不同的。首先A 项和C项中的all暗示空格后用use，故排除A、C；根据空格后的uses使用的是一般现在时，可知空格处需用单数名词或代词，可选B、D；再根据uses是谓语动词，可知空格处是主语，只有each of which能作主语，并构成了定语从句。
10.(2014﹒浙江)I didn't become a serious climber until the fifth grade，________ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.
A.when B.where C.which D.why
【答案】A　
【解析】句意：我直到五年级才成为一个真正的攀登者，那一年我爬上了树枝去够一只被卡的风筝。该句中的先行词是the fifth grade，此处先行词在定语从句中作时间状语，应该用关系副词when。故选A 项。定语从句的关键是：在主句中找出先行词，然后把先行词“代入”从句中，判断其在从句中的“地位”和“作用”。如果作主语和宾语，用关系代词who, whom, that和which；如果作状语，则用when, where, why等。
11.(2014﹒重庆)We'll reach the sales targets in a month ________ we set at the beginning of the year.
A. which B. where C. when D. what
【答案】A　
【解析】此处先行词targets被in a month所扰，考生容易错把month当成先行词而误选C。targets在定语从句中作set的宾语，所以关系词应用which或that。故选A。
12.(2014﹒安徽)The exact year________Anglela and her family spent together in China was 2008.
A.when B.Where C.why D.which
【答案】D
【解析】本题先行词为year，在定语从句中作及物动词spent的宾语，因此选用关系代词which。
【2013年】
1.(2013﹒浙江)The children, ______ had played the whole day long, were worn out.
A. all of what B. all of which C. all of them D. all of whom[
【答案】D
【解析】非限制性定语从句，介词of后用whom指代着前面的children。解题思路：1.数谓语，句子中有两个谓语，需要连词，排除C；2.确定从句类型，主句主干完整，可判断出是定语从句而非名词性从句，排除A；3.先行词是人，排除B，选择D。
2.(2013﹒上海)An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area ______ interact with one another.
A. that B. where C. who D. what
【答案】A
【解析】题干的意思是：“生态系统是由一个区域里相互作用的生物和非生物构成的”。分析句子结构，______ interact with one another是定语从句，先行词是the living and nonliving things，通过还原法可知，先行词在从句中作主语，不是人，所以用that。务必记住：what不可引导定语从句。
3.(2013﹒浙江)The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform_________ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.
A. what B. where C. when D. why
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。where引导的定语从句修饰platform，where再从句中充当地点状语。解题思路：1.确定从句类型，主句主干完整，可判断出是定语从句而非名词性从句；2.查找先行词；3.判断从句主干是否完整，确定关系代词或关系副词在从句中充当什么成分。句意为这家博物馆将在春天开放，有一个展览和一个观看平台，在这个平台上参观者可以看到正在建造一个大玻璃屋。
4.(2013﹒重庆)John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of ________ are family members.
A.them B.that
C.which D.whom
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查定语从句。逗号之后是一个非限定性定语从句，关系词that只能引导限定性定语从句，排除；先行词是people，which 只能指物，排除选项C；如果用them， 则逗号之后应该加上一个连词and，排除。
5.(2013﹒陕西) is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.
A. It B. That C. What D. As
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查定语从句。as在此句中引导非限定性定语从句，放在句首，同时在从句中作主语，为正确答案；如果用it或者that，那么整个句子中缺少一个连词，排除选项A和B； 如果用what，逗号前面应该是一个主语从句，主语从句之后应该是谓语动词，而不是逗号之后再来一个句子，排除。句意为等医生到的时候，Amy好多了，孩子都这样。
6.(2013﹒四川)Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment ________ they live.
A. what B. which C. when D. where
【答案】 D
【解析】the environment是先行词，在定语从句中做地点状语，“他们生活在这个环境中”，故用关系代词where。
7.(2013﹒山东)Finally he reached a lonely island ________ was completely cut off from the outside world.
A. when B. where C. which D. whom
【答案】C
【解析】定语从句的先行词为island，而先行词在从句中所做的成分是主语，所以用关系代词that或which；when和where引导定语从句时用做状语；而whom引导定语从句时做宾语。句意为最终他们到达了一个完全与外界隔绝的荒岛上。
8.(2013﹒山东)There is no simple answer, ________ is often the case in science.
A. as B. that C. when D. where
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查as引导的非限制性定语从句。That是不可以引导非限制性定语从的；而when和where引导定语从句时不做主语。句意为没有简单的答案，正如科学界的许多情况一样。
9.(2013﹒辽宁)He may win the competition, ________ he is likely to get into the national team.
A.in which case B.in that case C.in what case D.in whose case
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构，He may win the competition为主句，剩下的只可以为从句，故先排除B。本题中，in which case引导非限制性定语从句，相当于and in that case。所以选A。
10.(2013﹒江西)He wrote a letter ________ he explained what had happened in the accident.
A. what B. which C. where D. how
【答案】C
【解析】解题关键是判断定语从句关联词的选择方法，即：根据先行词在定语从句中做的成分来判断。本题中先行词letter在从句中做地点状语，因此，正确答案为C。句意为他写了一封信，在信中他解释了事故中发生的一切。
11.(2013﹒江苏)The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China，________ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.
A.where B.which C.what D.when
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。先行词为 passion，定语从句中缺少宾语，故用关系代词 which。句意：世界银行总裁说他记得早在童年时代就开始了对中国的热爱。故B正确。
12.(2013﹒湖南)Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths.
A. whom B. who C. what D. which
【答案】B
【解析】who指代先行词those（那些人），在从句中做主语， whom不能做主语，which指物，what不能引导定语从句，故选择B。
13.(2013﹒福建)The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ________ lives were affected.
A. whose B. that C. who D. which
【答案】A
【解析】____ lives were affected.是定语从句，修饰those，从句的主语是____ lives，缺修饰语，所以选whose。
14.(2013﹒北京)Many countries are now setting up national parks ________ animals and plants can be protected.
A. when B. which C. whose D. where
【答案】D
【解析】空处之后是一个定语从句，先行词是park，在定语从句中作地点状语，“in the park”，故应该选用关系副词where。句意为许多国家都在建立国家公园，可以保护很多动植物。
15.(2013﹒安徽)Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, ________ made one of the Chinese people's long－held dreams come true
A.it B.That C.what D.which
【答案】D
【解析】首先根据句意确定逗号之后是一个非限定性定语从句，锁定正确答案是which；that 不能引导非限定性定语从句，排除；what不能引导定语从句，排除；如果用it， 根据句子结构，它的前面缺少一个连词，排除。句意为莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖，使得中国人长久以来的一个梦想成真了。
16.(2013﹒天津)We have launched another man－made satellite，________ is announced in today's newspaper.
A. that B. which C.who D.what
【答案】B
【解析】本句中which指代的就是前面整句话的内容，即我们又发射了一颗人造卫星这件事，可翻译成“这一点”。
17.(2013﹒全国卷II)When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house______I would be staying.
A. what B. when C. where D. which
【答案】C
【解析】空处之后是一个定语从句，解题关键就是看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分。这个句子中，先行词是house，在定语从句中，做地点状语，即：I would be staying in the house，所以要用关系副词where。
18.(2013﹒全国卷I) “You can’t judge a book by its cover,” ________ .
A. as the saying goes old B. goes as the old saying
C. as the old saying goes D. goes as old the saying
【答案】C
【解析】go old意思是“变老”，和题意不符，故排除选项A。选项B和D显然使用了全倒装语序，但本句不满足条件，不可能作为本题的正确答案。所以最佳答案是选项C，其中的as引导的非限制性定语从句，意思是“如……一样”。
【2012年】
1.(2012﹒全国卷II)That evening, _____ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.
A. that B. which C. what D. when
【答案】B
【解析】这里that evening是先行词，其在定语从句中作介词about的宾语，所以用which。句意：以后
我将和你谈起的那个晚上，我工作到了很晚。
2.(2012﹒天津)I wish to thank Professor Smith, without _______help I would never have got this far.
A.who B. whose C. whom D. which
【答案】B
【解析】考查介词加关系代词引导的定语从句。根据句意没有他的帮助，我不会走这么远。故填whose表所属关系。
3.(2012﹒浙江)Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _____, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.
A. which B. who C. where D. whom
【答案】B
【解析】who引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中做主语，修饰先行词Ellen（人名）。Which修行先行词是物的定语从句；whom修饰先行词为人，且在从句中做宾语；where修饰先行词是地点名词，且在从句中地点状语，均不符合语境，故排除。
4.(2012﹒浙江) We live in an age more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
A. why B. when C. to whom D. on which
【答案】B
【解析】when引导定义从句，在从句中做时间状语，修饰先行词an age（时代）. 此处的when=at which。
5.(2012﹒江苏)After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,_______ urgently needed clean water,
medicine and shelter to survive.
A. which B. who C. where D. what
【答案】B
【解析】指人的先行词people在非限制性定语从句中充当主语，所以用关系代词who引导。故选B项。
6.(2012﹒重庆) Sales director is a position ______ communication ability is just as important as sales
A. which B. that C. when D. where
【答案】D
【解析】“position”为先行词，后面是其定语从句，关系词在从句中作的是地点状语，因此，应该使用关系副词“where”来引导定语从句。因此，正确答案为D选项。
7.(2012﹒四川)In our class there are 46 students, _____ half wear glasses.
A. in whom B. in them C. of whom D. of them
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查定语从句。前后两句话之间无连词，故不能用人称代词them，而应用关系代词whom引导定语从句；在46个学生当中，表所属，应用of。故答案选C。
8.(2012﹒陕西)It is the third time that she has won the race, ______ has surprised us all.
A. that B. where C. which D. what
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。所填词前有逗号，是非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句，关系词在从句中做主语，选C。其余选项与题干不符。
9.(2012﹒北京)When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
【答案】B
【解析】非限制性定语从句，which作表语。