高考英语课后达标检测：A Social Survey—My Neighbourhood Word版解析版

这是一份高考英语课后达标检测：A Social Survey—My Neighbourhood Word版解析版，共7页。
A
(2020·合肥调研)Life n the street is a cnstant struggle fr hmeless peple. In times f extreme weather cnditins, that struggle becmes even mre difficult. Recently, hmeless peple acrss Chicag faced freezing t death if they culdn’t find shelter fr the night.
Thankfully, ne lcal wman refused t let that happen. On January 30, 2018, 34­year­ld Candice Payne, a lcal managing brker, was lucky enugh t have shelter frm the dangerus cnditins.
“It was －20 ℃， and I knew they were ging t be sleeping n ice and I had t d smething，” said Payne. Payne started brainstrming different ways she culd pssibly help. Finally, she decided t see if there were any rms available at lcal inns and htels that she culd get t help thse stuck n the street.
Fr Payne, her missin was persnal. Accrding t Payne, her husband, Carls Callahan, had lived n the street at ne pint in his life. Based n his experiences, Payne knew that the hmeless peple still ut n the street desperately needed help and that if she didn’t step up t help, n ne likely wuld.
Hwever, when Payne explained what she was trying t d, many f the lcal htels refused t allw her t pay fr the rms as they didn’t want hmeless peple t stay in their rms. “N ne wanted them, but ne htel, the Amber Inn, was nice enugh t allw me t buy the rms，” said Payne.
Payne’s selfless act made news acrss the cuntry. Hwever, she insisted she had never dne it fr attentin. “I am a regular persn，” said Payne, wh spent thusands f dllars f her wn mney t help cmplete strangers. “It all sunded like a rich persn did this, but I’m just a little black girl frm the Suth Side.”
【解题导语】 本文主要讲述了一位普通的芝加哥女士受到她丈夫经历的触动，为防止无家可归者在大街上被冻死，决定为他们订旅馆的房间。她的无私善举传遍全国。
1．What des the underlined wrd “that” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A．Lcals living n the street.
B．The hmeless freezing t death.
C．The extreme weather.
D．The shelter fr the hmeless.
B 解析：代词指代题。根据第一段最后一句“Recently, hmeless peple acrss Chicag faced freezing t death if they culdn’t find shelter fr the night.”可知，最近芝加哥各地的无家可归者如果找不到过夜的地方，就会被冻死。结合画线词所在句可知，幸好，一位当地的女士拒绝让此发生。据此可推知，画线词that指代“The hmeless freezing t death”。
2．Hw did Candice Payne help the hmeless peple?
A．By drawing public attentin.
B．By giving them mney directly.
C．By taking them t her wn huse.
D．By buying htel rms fr them.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Finally, she decided t see if there were any rms available at lcal inns and htels that she culd get t help thse stuck n the street.”可知，Candice Payne最终决定为这些无家可归者订旅馆的房间以免他们被冻死，故D项正确。
3．What may cntribute t Payne’s nice act?
A．Her husband’s past experiences.
B．The requests frm the hmeless.
C．Her desire t becme famus.
D．The cldness f lcal htels.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第二、三句“Accrding t Payne, her husband, Carls Callahan, had lived n the street at ne pint in his life. Based n his experiences, Payne knew that the hmeless peple still ut n the street desperately needed help and that if she didn’t step up t help, n ne likely wuld.”可知，由于受到她的丈夫无家可归的经历的触动，她决定帮助这些无家可归的人，故A项正确。
4．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A．A Black Fighter Changes the Wrld
B．A Wman’s Curisity Brings a Reward
C．A Regular Wman Makes a Difference
D．A Cuple’s Brave Act Mves the Cuntry
C 解析：标题归纳题。根据第二段第一句“Thankfully, ne lcal wman refused t let that happen.”和最后一段最后两句并结合全文其他内容可知，本文主要讲述了一位普通的芝加哥女士受到她丈夫经历的触动，为防止无家可归者在大街上被冻死，决定为他们订旅馆的房间；她的无私善举传遍全国。故C项“一位普通女士的影响”最适合作本文的标题。
B
(2020·大连一模)It is generally acknwledged that yung peple frm prer sciecnmic backgrunds tend t d less well in the educatin system. In an attempt t help the children f pr families, a natinwide prgram called “Head Start” was started in the US in 1965. A lt f mney was pured int it. It tk children int preschl institutins at the age f three and was suppsed t help them succeed in schl. But the results have been disappinting, because the prgram began t late. Many children wh entered it at three were already behind their peers in language and intelligence and the parents were nt invlved in the prcess. At the end f each day, “Head Start” children returned t the same disadvantaged hme envirnment.
T imprve the results, anther prgram was started in Missuri that cncentrated n parents as the child’s first teachers. This prgram was based n research shwing that wrking with the family is the mst effective way f helping children get the best pssible start in life. The fur­year study included 380 families wh were abut t have their first child and represented different sciecnmic statuses, ages and family structures. The prgram invlved trained educatrs visiting and wrking with the parent r parents and the child. The prgram als gave the parents sme guidance, and useful skills n child develpment.
At three, the children invlved in the “Missuri” prgram were evaluated with the children selected frm the same sciecnmic backgrunds and family situatins. The results were bvius. The children in the prgram were mre advanced in language develpment, prblem slving and ther intellectual skills than their peers. They perfrmed equally well regardless f sciecnmic backgrunds r family structures. The ne factr that was fund t affect the child’s develpment was the pr quality f parent­child interactin. That interactin was nt necessarily bad in prer families.
The “Missuri” prgram cmpares quite distinctly with the “Head Start” prgram. Withut a similar fcus n parent educatin and n the vital imprtance f the first three years, sme evidence indicates that it will nt be enugh t vercme educatinal unfairness.
【解题导语】 本文主要通过对比两项侧重点不同的教育项目表明，要实现教育公平就应该关注对父母的教育，使其与孩子之间进行高品质互动，并且意识到孩子出生后前三年的重要性。
5．What caused the failure f the “Head Start” prgram?
A．The large number f pr families.
B．The disapprval frm children.
C．The late start f the prgram.
D．The lng perid f time.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第五句“But the results have been disappinting, because the prgram began t late.”可知，Head Start项目的失败是因为其开始得太晚了。
6．What d we knw abut the “Missuri” prgram?
A．It fcused n the children’s first schl teachers.
B．It helped the children return t the same hme.
C．It made the children imprved in many aspects.
D．It gave the parents advice n their develpment.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第三句“The children in the prgram were mre advanced in language develpment, prblem slving and ther intellectual skills than their peers.”可推知，Missuri项目让参与的孩子们在许多方面都有改善。
7．Accrding t the passage, what is likely t influence children’s perfrmance?
A．The number f family members.
B．The parent­child cmmunicatin.
C．The intelligence f their parents.
D．The teacher­student relatinship.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句“The ne factr that was fund t affect the child’s develpment was the pr quality f parent­child interactin.”可知，父母和孩子之间的交流质量是影响孩子发展的因素之一。故选 B。
8．Hw des the authr develp the passage?
A．By listing figures.
B．By making cmparisns.
C．By presenting ideas.
D．By drawing cnclusins.
B 解析：篇章结构题。通读全文内容可知，本文是通过对比两个侧重点不同的教育项目， 从而组织文章的，故选 B。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2020·重庆七校联考)It is knwn t us all that thinking is a gd thing. Hwever, sme peple dn’t d it enugh, while sme peple verthink everything. If yu’re an verthinker, it can be exhausting running thrugh all the pssibilities f everything. It’s nt gd that the what­ifs run yur life and yu are trapped. 1.________
Here are sme signs that yu are an verthinker, even if yu dn’t feel yu are.
·2.________
Why didn’t the girl lk at me？And why did Peter lk away s fast？What des it all mean？！When yu’re an verthinker, yu tend t find meaning in the wrld arund yu. It’s helpful t remind yurself that things mean the meaning yu give them.
·Yu think mre than yu d.
Smetimes yu think s much that yu dn’t end up ding anything. Yu weigh the chices, decide which is the best, and cmpare it with a new chice. Yu end up ding nthing. 3.________
·Yu find it difficult t let things g.
When yu’ve invested a lt f time and energy int smething, it can be hard t let it g when it isn’t wrking. 4.________ The mre yu think abut smething, the mre it can eat away at yu.
·Yu want t get everything right.
Yu might be a perfectinist. Yu always d yur best. But when yu dn’t get everything right, yu seriusly blame yurself. By recgnizing that this can be a strength as well as a weakness, yu shuld knw that yu simply can’t get everything right, despite yur best effrts.
5．________ Remind yurself that yu can balance yur level f verthinking with mre ding. Yu can even teach smene else wh is thughtless!
A．Yu may cntinue thinking abut it even when yu believe yu have already let it g.
B．Yu assume that thers knw what yu’re thinking abut.
C．Remember that, instead f just thinking, it’s equally imprtant t act.
D．Yu’re prud f the act that yu’re always thinking.
E．Yu lk fr meaning in everything.
F．It’s even wrse when yu’re unaware that yu are just like this.
G．Can any f the abve signs be fund n yu?
【解题导语】 本文主要对过度思虑的一些迹象进行了简要的说明。
1．F 解析：根据上文中的“It’s nt gd that the what­ifs run yur life and yu are trapped.”可知，空处应是说明更深一层的坏处，所以选F项。
2．E 解析：根据文章结构及空处所在的位置可知，空处为本段的小标题，且根据本段的内容及关键词“meaning”可知，E项能概括本段内容。
3．C 解析：根据本段的小标题Yu think mre than yu d.及空处前一句可推知，空处是作者针对该段描述的现象所给出的建议。故C项符合语境。
4．A 解析：根据本段的小标题Yu find it difficult t let things g.及空后一句“The mre yu think abut smething, the mre it can eat away at yu.”可推知，A项符合语境。
5．G 解析：根据上文“Here are sme signs that yu are an verthinker, even if yu dn’t feel yu are.”可知，G项与之呼应，符合语境。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·武汉调研)Wrld Sleep Day falls n March 16. This year’s theme cncerns sleep and wmen.
Mre wmen suffer frm insmnia(失眠) than men, but nly 4 percent f them g t a dctr t get help. A Beijing newspaper 1.____________(reprt) it recently. A study by 2.____________ internatinal rganizatin in the paper said that wmen 3.____________(age) 30 t 60 sleep six hurs and 41 minutes a day 4.____________ average.
Yung peple have als been shwn t suffer frm a lack f sleep. Statistics frm a Chinese medical research center shw that in 5.____________(city) like Beijing and Shanghai, 40 percent f yung peple suffer frm insmnia, and 80 percent suffer frm great tiredness due t pr quality sleep.
Experts blame heavy 6.____________(press) and cmpetitin at wrk fr pr 7.____________(sleep) habits. The lng­term effects can be unhappiness, anxiety and depressin, 8.____________ can in turn lead t chrnic illnesses(慢性病), 9.____________(especial) in wmen.
There are, hwever, a cuple f tricks fr getting a gd sleep, such as maintaining an ptimistic attitude, keeping a regular, 10.____________(day) rutine, r finding time fr sprts. Als, yu can develp healthy habits, such as keeping the bedrm clean and aviding tea, cffee, r wine befre sleeping.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。今年世界睡眠日关注的是女性的睡眠问题。调查发现，许多女性睡眠不足，年轻人也是如此。文章介绍了导致睡眠不足的原因及其解决方法。
1．reprted 解析：考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“recently”，再结合上文可知，上述结果是北京的一家报纸报道过的，表示已经发生过的事情，故用一般过去时。
2．an 解析：考查不定冠词。根据语境可知，该处泛指“一个国际组织”，且internatinal的发音以元音音素开头，故填不定冠词an。
3．aged 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构可知，空处作名词“wmen”的后置定语，应用age的过去分词形式aged，表示“年龄介于30到60岁之间的女性”。
4．n 解析：考查固定搭配。n average为固定搭配，意为“平均”。句意：在该报纸中一项由一个国际组织进行的研究表明，30到60岁的女性平均每天睡6小时41分钟。
5．cities 解析：考查名词单复数。根据该句中的“like Beijing and Shanghai”可知，该处指“像北京、上海那样的城市”，为复数意义，故填cities。
6．pressure 解析：考查名词。根据该句中“and cmpetitin”，再结合空前的形容词“heavy”可知，该形容词修饰两个并列的名词，故填press的名词形式pressure，表示“压力”。
7．sleeping 解析：考查形容词。空处修饰后面的名词habits，表示“睡眠习惯”，故填形容词sleeping。
8．which 解析：考查关系词。分析该句结构可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，空处在从句中作主语，指代前面的“unhappiness, anxiety and depressin”，故填关系代词which引导该定语从句。
9．especially 解析：考查副词。空处修饰短语“in wmen”，故用副词形式。
10．daily 解析：考查形容词。空处修饰后面的名词“rutine”，表示“日常生活”，故填day的形容词形式daily。