2022届高考英语（译林一轮）写作基础突破讲义学案
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这是一份2022届高考英语（译林一轮）写作基础突破讲义学案，共348页。
Unit1 Schoollife
(主题语境:人与自我——生活与学习)
核心考点课堂突破
1.动词-ing形式作主语
[教材原句]Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me.在英国上了一年的中学对我来说是一段非常令人愉快和兴奋的经历。(P2)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
① (share) bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust.
②Is it worth (quarrel) with her?
③It is no use (ask)me.I know no more than you do.
[完成句子]
④回到一本你读了很多遍的书中,感觉就像和老朋友一起喝酒一样。
you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
⑤自学英语是非常困难的。
Learning English all by yourself .
⑥我们喜欢游泳,但今天下午我们不想游泳。
We ,but we don’t this afternoon.
考点必记
动词-ing形式作主语
(1)动词-ing形式作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。
(2)动词-ing形式作主语时,当表语为no use,no good,any good,no fun等名词或worth,nice等形容词时,句首常用it作形式主语,而将动词-ing形式后置,即it is no use/no good/no fun...doing sth或it is nice/worth...doing sth。
(3)动词-ing形式(或短语)也可作表语和宾语。
2.experiencen.经验;经历,体验 vt.经历;体验
[教材原句]Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me.在英国上了一年的中学对我来说是一段非常令人愉快和兴奋的经历。(P2)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Learning English as a second language can be painful experience.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)
②A study conducted in Youngstown,Ohio,for example,discovered that greener areas of the city (experience) less crime.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
③In fact,anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or (experience)racer to learn proper technique.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
[完成句子]
④他是一位有经验的教师,他有丰富的教学经验。
He is experienced teacher and he has much experience teaching.
⑤虽然我们已经筋疲力尽,但这次有意义的经历让我们非常高兴。
Exhausted as we were,we were more than pleased with .
考点必记
(1)have experience in (doing) sth在(做)……方面有经验
have much/a little/no experience有许多/有一点儿/没有经验
have an experience of (doing) sth有(做)某事的经历
(2)experienced adj.有经验的,经验丰富的
be experienced in (doing) sth在(做)……方面有经验
(3)inexperienced adj.缺乏经验的
[名师指津]
experience当名词用时,作“经验”讲为不可数名词,作“经历”讲为可数名词。
3.earnvt.获得;赚,挣得
[教材原句]He also told us that the best way to earn respect was to devote ourselves to study and achieve high grades.他还告诉我们,赢得尊重的最佳途径就是专心学习并取得好成绩。(P2)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①For the trainees,the programs also offer a great way (earn) merit badges(荣誉徽章).(2018·北京卷)
②Young people are being forced into (earn) money before finishing their education.
③It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year (earn) money to support their study for the degree.
[句式升级]
④For many years,most Irish people made a living as farmers.
=For many years, Irish people as farmers.
考点必记
(1)earn a/one’s living 谋生,度日
earn money挣钱
earn respect赢得尊重
earn a reputation/fame as...作为……赢得名声
earn profit赢得利润
earn sb sth给某人赢得某物
(2)earning n.所赚的钱,所得,收入
hard-earned adj.来之不易的
[写作佳句]
He made it clear that our credits would be hard-earned.
他明确指出我们的学分不容易获得。
4.respectn.&vt.尊敬,敬重
[教材原句]He also told us that the best way to earn respect was to devote ourselves to study and achieve high grades.他还告诉我们,赢得尊重的最佳途径就是专心学习并取得好成绩。(P2)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①We were (respect) of craft (技艺)and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play.
②They had little respect their grandparents.
③Go and make yourself look (respect).
[完成句子]
④在这方面,所有的学生都尊敬那位可敬的教授。
All the students are to the professor .
[小话题写作]
⑤对我来说,我的母亲是我最尊敬的人。她在工作中取得了很多成就,深受学生们的尊敬。
As for me,my mother is the person .She achieves a lot in her work,and by her students.
考点必记
(1)respect sb for...因……而尊重某人
(2)show/have respect for对……表示尊重
with respect尊敬地
out of respect出于尊敬/尊重
out of respect for sb出于对某人的尊敬
in respect of关于……;就……而言
with respect to sth关于某事(物);就某事(物)而言
in this respect在这方面
in every respect 在各个方面
(3)respectable adj.可敬的;值得尊敬的;体面的
respectful adj.表示敬意的;尊敬的
be respectful to sb对某人表示尊敬
respective adj.各自的;分别的
[名师指津]
respect作“尊敬,敬重”讲时,为不可数名词;但在一些习惯用语中通常用复数形式表示“问候,敬意”。
give/send one’s respects to向……表示问候
5.devotevt.致力于;献身
[教材原句]He also told us that the best way to earn respect was to devote ourselves to study and achieve high grades.他还告诉我们,赢得尊重的最佳途径就是专心学习并取得好成绩。(P2)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①At first,we expressed our thanks to our parents and teachers,who devoted themselves to (give) us a good education.
②I feel that I’ve been given a second life (devote) to something that is meaningful and enormous.
③He’s devoted (he) whole life to the protection of the rare animals.
④Mothers’ (devote) to children can hardly be calculated.
⑤They are (devote) to their children.
[句式升级]
⑥He devoted himself to community activities and was praised by the people around.
= ,he was praised by the people around.
考点必记
(1)devote oneself to献身于……;专心于……
devote sth to sth为某事物付出(时间、精力)
(2)devoted adj.忠诚的;挚爱的
be devoted to (doing) sth献身于(做)某事;专心于(做)某事
devotion n.挚爱,关爱,关照;奉献
[用法点拨]
devote...to...短语中的to是介词,后跟动词时要用动词-ing形式。
[写作佳句]
She devoted all her spare time to playing the piano.
她把所有的业余时间都用来弹钢琴。
6.averageadj.一般的;普通的;平均的
[教材原句]This is about the average size for British schools.英国中学的班级一般就是这么大。(P2)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①弗雷迪是一个普通的学生,但不是一个普通人。
Freddy was ,but not .
②普通感冒就是一个很好的例子:平均来说,女性患感冒的次数比男性少。
The common cold is a good example:women, ,get fewer colds than men.
③墨西哥湾的风暴潮比平均水平高出10英尺到25英尺。
Storm surge across the Gulf ranged from 10 feet to 25 feet levels.
考点必记
an average of平均有(后跟数词)
on (the) average (of)平均(起来)
above/below average在平均水平以上/以下
with an average of平均为
[写作佳句]
After years of observing human nature,I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance,curiosity and discontent.(2020·天津卷)
经过多年对人性的观察,我认为有两个品质决定了有成就的人和平庸的人的区别:好奇心和不满足。
7.strugglen.难事;斗争;努力 vi.奋斗,努力;挣扎
[教材原句]We also had different students in some classes,so it was a struggle for me to remember all the faces and names.上某些课的时候,班上的同学也不一样,所以对我来说记住所有人的面孔和名字是一件难事。(P2)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①He struggled (explain) what he heard in his head.(2019·江苏卷)
②Many of their families were struggling (make) ends meet.(2020·山东卷)
③He is 53 years old.Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle debt and misfortune.(2019·天津卷)
④They had to struggle all kinds of difficulties.
⑤The story of Martin Luther King shows that equal rights cannot be got by begging;they must (struggle) for.
[用fight或struggle的适当形式填空]
⑥They had to for their lives against weather and wild animals.
⑦These soldiers bravely in the battle.
考点必记
(1)struggle with/against...与……斗争
struggle for...为争取……而斗争
struggle to do sth努力做某事
struggle to one’s feet挣扎着站起来
(2)it is a struggle for sb to do sth对某人来说做某事很费力
[名师指津]
struggle with既可以表示“与……并肩作战”,也相当于struggle against,表示“与……搏斗、斗争”。
[词语辨析]
struggle与fight
(1)struggle指为了获得某物而努力奋斗,也指为了逃避攻击而与某人搏斗。
(2)fight指具体的争夺,可以指人类间的战斗,也可以指动物间的打斗。
8.as...as...像……一样……
[教材原句]I found that the homework was not as heavy as what I used to get in my old school.我发现这里布置的家庭作业不像我以前在原来学校时那么繁重。(P2)
语境巧练
[用as的相关短语填空]
①The temperature is not high today it was yesterday.
②On November 11th,my uncle’s online store successfully sold twice shoes as last year.
③I have collected many books written by Hemingway as you.
[句式升级]
④This hospital is three times as large as that one.
=This hospital is three times that one.
=This hospital is three times that one.
[完成句子]
⑤这本字典的价钱是过去的3倍。
The dictionary costs .
⑥肉价上涨了3倍。
The price of meat has gone up .
考点必记
as...as...句式和倍数+as...as...
(1)as...as...像……一样……与not as/so...as...和……不一样……
这两个句式中的第一个as和so都是副词,意为“那样/一样……”,常修饰形容词或副词的原级。第二个as是连词,引导比较状语从句,常用省略句。
(2)as...as...和not as/so...as...如果与单数可数名词连用,它们的顺序是:not as/so+adj.+a(n)+n.+as...;它们也可与复数名词和不可数名词连用,构成:not as/so+adj.+n.+as...搭配。
(3)倍数的表达方式:
A.倍数+as+adj./adv.的原级+as...
B.倍数+adj./adv.的比较级+than...
C.倍数+the+名词(size/length/width/height/depth...)+of...
D.表示“两倍”时用twice或double,三倍或三倍以上用“基数词+times”表达。句中表示倍数也可以用分数、百分数、half等其他程度状语。
9.befondof喜爱,喜欢
[教材原句]I was glad that all my classmates werefondof the cake that I made.班上所有的同学都喜欢我做的蛋糕,这可真让我高兴。(P3)
语境巧练
[用of的相关短语完成句子]
①How can you expect to improve your spoken English if you (为……感到羞愧) making mistakes and never open your mouth?
②She (对……厌烦) hearing about their trip to India.
[小情境写作]
③家长们毫不犹豫地走进了宿舍,就好像他们在家的时候没有注意到这团乱麻似的。但是史密斯先生为他的儿子感到骄傲,因为他的儿子喜欢保持床的整洁。
The parents went into the dormitory without the slightest hesitation as if they the mess,but Mr Smith his son,who keeping his bed tidy.
考点必记
be nervous of忧虑,担忧
be proud of为……感到自豪
be short of缺乏
be sick of对……厌倦
be tired of对……厌烦
be worthy of值得;配得上
be ashamed of为……感到羞愧
be aware of意识到,知道
be certain of确信;确定
be free of没有;摆脱
[写作佳句]
He isfondof the atmosphere of peace and calm in the country.
他喜欢乡间和平、宁静的气氛。
10.lookback(on)回忆,回顾;回头看
[教材原句]I lookbackon my time in the UK with satisfaction,and I really look forward to my British friends’ visit to China.回顾在英国的日子我很满意,真期待我的英国朋友们来中国访问。(P3)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的),an aging writer looking back an ambitious yet simpler time.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
②Looking ,I feel blessed someone had wanted to help a stranger.(2019·天津卷)
③Do look out spelling mistakes in your homework.
④A working party has been set up to look the problem.
[句式升级]
⑤She never recalls the old days with regret.
=She never the old days with regret.
考点必记
look down on/upon看不起,歧视
look forward to盼望,期望
look out for当心,注意,提防
look up to尊敬,敬仰
look for寻找,期待
look into调查,审查
look like看起来像,好像是
look over查看,检查
look through快速查看,浏览
look up看望,查阅,改善,好转
11.not...until...直到……才……
[教材原句]I did not realize schools in the UK are so different from schools in China until I read your article.直到看了你的文章,我才意识到英国学校与中国学校差异这么大。(P5)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①After all,many old people don’t begin to experience physical and mental decline after age 75.
②It was not until the early 19th century his musical gift was fully recognized.
[小情境写作]
③他们把自己的藏品留在家里,直到藏品变得太大或者他们去世,然后这些藏品被捐给了一家博物馆。(2020·山东卷)
They kept their collection at home or ,and then it was given to a museum.
考点必记
not...until...结构
(1)not...until...直到……才……,该结构形式为否定形式,却表达肯定意义,until连接时间状语(从句),前面的谓语动词一般为终止性动词;
(2)not...until...的强调句句式为:It’s not until...that...;
(3)not...until...的倒装结构为:not until...+助动词+主语+v....。
12.makeuseof 利用,使用
[教材原句]With so much free time,students who do not make good useof their time may not pass their exams.有如此多的空闲时间,那些不充分利用这些时间的学生就有可能考试不及格。(P11)
语境巧练
[句式升级]
①We should make good use of our time to do useful and productive things.
= should to do useful and productive things.
=Our time should be to do useful and productive things.
[完成句子]
②If you have a door to your office,make (好好利用) it.
考点必记
make good/full use of...好好/充分利用……
make the best use/most of...充分利用……
make little use of...没有很好地利用……
[写作佳句]
The value of life lies not in the length of days,but in the usewemakeof them.生命的价值不在于日子的长度,而在于充分利用好每一天。
13.approvevt.&vi.批准,通过;赞成,同意
[教材原句]He approved the idea,and two years later I am in charge of the radio club as the oldest student member.他同意了这一想法,两年后,我作为年龄最大的学生会员负责广播俱乐部的工作。(P18)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①It found many youngsters(少年) now measure their status by how much public (approve)they get online,often through “likes”.(2018·江苏卷)
②His parents didn’t approve his marriage,but he married the girl against his parents’ will.
[一句多译]
我不同意他参加明天的聚会。
③I his attending the party tomorrow.(disapprove)
④I don’t his attending the party tomorrow.(approve)
[小情境写作]
⑤在妈妈的同意下,约翰开始准备烤炉,哈利去检查约翰叔叔送来的玉米,而克拉拉则充分利用她的腿把他们的计划告诉了伯纳,希望他能接受他们的好意。
,John got to prepare the oven,Harry went to check the corn that Uncle John sent them, Clara her legs to tell Bernard their plan, he would accept their kindness.
考点必记
(1)approve sth批准某事
approve of (doing)sth赞成(做)某事
(2)approval n.赞成,承认;正式批准
without approval未经许可
(3)disapprove v.不赞成,不同意;不批准
[用法点拨]
approve作及物动词讲时,意思为“批准,通过,认可”,其后直接接宾语;作“赞成,赞同”讲时为不及物动词,其后须加介词of后再接宾语。如:approve of (doing) sth表示“赞成(做)某事”;approve of sb’s doing sth表示“赞成某人做某事”。
14.inchargeof负责,掌管
[教材原句]He approved the idea,and two years later I am inchargeof the radio club as the oldest student member.他同意了这一想法,两年后,我作为年龄最大的学生会员负责广播俱乐部的工作。(P18)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Smith,who happens to be my cousin,is in charge the office.
②He was charged by the police breaking the law.
③—Who told you about Dad’s illness?
—The doctor charge.
[完成句子]
④As long as my mother was (负责),I couldn’t be in better hands.
⑤The children were left (由……管理) a nurse.
⑥The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and (冲向)me.(2018·全国Ⅲ卷)
考点必记
(1)in charge负责,管理
in the charge of由……负责/管理,被掌管
under the charge of在……的掌管下
take charge of负责,掌管
free of charge(=for free/for nothing)免费
(2)charge...for对……收取……费用
charge sb some money to do sth为做某事向某人要价
charge sb some money for sth因某事向某人要价
charge sb with sth因某事而控告某人
charge toward 冲上前
charge down 往下冲
随堂巩固迁移运用
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.To her surprise,the firm’s director quickly gave his (approve) to her new plan.
2.In an analysis of 225 academic studies,researchers found strong evidence of cause-and-effect relationship between life (satisfy) and successful business outcomes.
3.Tom is so (independence) that he never asks his parents’ opinion unless he wants their support.
4.But now,I can communicate with the locals in Chinese quite (fluent).
5.It was much more (enjoy) than I had expected.
6. (look) back on the time she spent in the USA,the girl felt very lucky.
7.It’s very kind of you to keep me well (inform) of what’s going on there.
8.The young editor enjoys writing and is highly (experience) in blogging and social media.
9.I used (go) to the cinema,but I never have time now.
10.There is no doubt that China will devote itself to (help) other developing countries,especially African countries.
Ⅱ.短语填空
for free,make use of,in charge of,is fond of,look back on
1.The chief engineer is a man of wisdom,who is directing the building of the subway.
2.We should train them to reference books.
3.Young people often look ahead to the future while the elderly the past.
4.You can e-mail your friends at the school library.
5.Mary running after every new fashion when she was young.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1.He does not know how to make use this waste gas.
2.She had started to devote her energies to teach rather than performing.
3.These pictures can be kept in free.You may take whichever you like.
4.The book is worth of being studied carefully.
5.I waited until he come back.
6.I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.
Ⅳ.话题微写作
写作内容提示
1.现在我已转学到长沙一中,开始了新的生活。(begin)
2.每个星期一的早上所有学生在操场上集合,校长讲话。(assembly)
3.我喜欢英语,希望像其他同学一样说一口流利的英语。(fluently)
4.老师总是鼓励我们独立思考,充分利用课余时间去学习。(encourage,make use of)
5.我渐渐地赢得了所有同学的尊敬。(earn respect)
连句成文(参考上述提示,通过合理想象整合成一篇短文)
请完成【高考题型·组合规范练】
Unit2 Growingpains
(主题语境:人与自我——生活与学习)
核心考点课堂突破
1.过去分词短语作状语
[教材原句]Eric runs in after it,followedbyabigdog,walking very slowly.埃里克跟在后面跑了进来,后面跟着一条大狗,狗走得很慢。(P22)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
① (found) in Moscow after the 1905 revolution,the company eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s.
② (raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow,he had a long,hard road to becoming a football star.
③ (give) the right kind of training,these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.
[小话题写作]
④虽然出生和成长在一个小村庄,但我的母亲是一个优雅、高贵和奉献的人,她对我的影响很深。
Though in a small village,my mother has been a person ,dignity and devotion me.
考点必记
过去分词短语作状语
(1)过去分词(短语)作状语时表示的动作与谓语表示的动作或状态几乎是同时发生,或是先于谓语动词的动作发生,它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。过去分词作状语一般都用逗号同其他成分隔开,常表时间、条件、原因、方式、伴随、让步等含义,相当于一个状语从句。
(2)过去分词(短语)作状语时,有时为了强调,前面可带连词when,while,if,though,as if,unless,until等,以便使句意更清楚。
(3)作时间状语、条件状语、原因状语、让步状语时,多放于句首。
(4)作方式或伴随状语、结果状语时,常放在句尾。
2.frightenedadj.受惊的;害怕的
[教材原句]You’re back early!(looking around room,sounding frightened)你们这么早就回来了呀!(朝房间的四周看看,似乎非常害怕)(P22)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①I was so (fright) that I closed my eyes.
②Paul quickly unlocked the door,and the (fright) man dived in,slamming the door behind him.
③Graphs can seem (fright),but reading a graph is a lot like reading a story.
④ her great fright,she found nobody was seen in the park.
[小情境写作]
⑤我必须采取行动,所以我鼓起勇气,试图用胡椒喷雾吓跑他,但最终失败了。
I had to ,so I picked my courage and tried with the pepper spray,but .
考点必记
(1)be frightened to do sth害怕做某事
be frightened of(=be afraid of) 害怕
(2)frighten v.使惊吓;使惊恐
frighten sb into/out of doing sth吓得某人做/不做某事
frighten away/off把某人(物)吓走
frighten sb to death把某人吓得要死
(3)frightening adj.引起恐惧的;惊恐的;骇人的
(4)fright n.惊吓;恐怖
to one’s fright使某人感到恐怖的是
3.besupposedto应该……,应当……
[教材原句]But,but...you weren’tsupposedto come home until tomorrow!可是、可是……你们应该明天才到家的呀!(P22)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①We are (suppose) to check out of the hotel by 11 o’clock.
②The message is very important,so it is supposed (send) as soon as possible.
③ (suppose)he doesn’t come,shall we go without him?
[一句多译]
汤姆,你本应该在上周日之前完成论文的。
④Tom,you your paper by last Sunday.
⑤Tom,you your paper by last Sunday.
[小话题写作]
⑥例如,你不应该把筷子插到你的食物里。相反,把它们放在你的盘子上是一个明智的选择。
For example,you stick your chopsticks into your food.Instead, on your dish is a smart choice.
考点必记
(1)be supposed to do=should do应该做某事
be supposed to have done本应该做某事(而未做)
(2)suppose+sb+(to be)+adj./n.认为某人……
suppose/supposing (that)...假定……;假如……
(3)I suppose so/not.我想会的/不会的。
(4)疑问词+do you suppose+陈述句?“你认为……”(do you suppose为插入语)
[名师指津]
表示“本来应该做某事(但未去做)”的结构还有should have done sth和ought to have done sth等。
4.with复合结构
[教材原句]The room is in a mess,withpizzaboxesontheflooranddirtydishesinthesink.屋里一片狼藉,地板上堆放着许多比萨盒子,洗碗池里全是脏碗碟。(P22)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①All the afternoon he worked with (锁着门).
②With so many people (帮助我们),we are sure to finish it in time.
③With the old man (带路),we started towards the river.
④He stood before his teacher with (低着头).
⑤He often sleeps with (开着窗).
⑥She said good-bye (眼里含着泪水).
[句式升级]
⑦The College Entrance Examination is drawing near,so the students feel great pressure.
= ,the students feel great pressure.
考点必记
with pizza boxes on the floor and dirty dishes in the sink为with的复合结构作状语。
“with复合结构”由“with+宾语+宾语补足语”构成,在句中作状语,表示伴随、行为方式、原因、结果、条件或时间等,其位置可在句首或在句尾,还可用作后置定语修饰名词,其具体形式如下:
1.with+名词/代词+动词-ing形式(动词-ing形式表主动或正在进行的动作)
2.with+名词/代词+过去分词(过去分词表被动或已完成的动作)
3.with+名词/代词+不定式(不定式表将来的动作)
4.with+名词/代词+形容词(形容词表状态)
5.with+名词/代词+副词(副词表状态)
6.with+名词/代词+介词短语(介词短语表位置)
[名师指津]
在with的复合结构中,要特别注意宾语和宾语补足语之间的逻辑关系,根据主动(现在分词)、被动(过去分词)、表示将来(不定式)等来选择正确的补足语形式。
5.defendvt.辩解,辩白;防御,保护
[教材原句]They never even gave me a chance to defend myself.他们压根儿就不给我一个辩护的机会。(P23)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①“Small does not mean weak,sir,” she defended (she).(2020·天津卷)
②We don’t know how many people lost their lives defence of freedom.
③Terrified,Elli and I tried all the bear (defend) actions we knew.(2020·浙江卷)
④When asked to explain her behavior,she gave a very (defend) answer.
⑤They have the ability to defend themselves enemies.
考点必记
(1)defend...from/against 保卫……免受……之害
defend oneself against因反对……而为自己辩护
defend oneself 自卫
(2)defence n.防御;辩护
in defence of防卫
(3)defensive adj.防御性的
[名师指津]
与defend...from...类似的短语还有:
keep/prevent/stop...from...阻止……做……
protect...from...保护……免受……的伤害
6.deservevt.值得;应得;应受
[教材原句]They don’t deserve an explanation.他们不值得我们去解释。(P23)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①A single woman with brains deserves (have) equal opportunities to men.
②Since this student worked so hard on the posters,she (deserve) a prize,too.
[句式升级]
③If you do wrong,you deserve (punishment).
=If you do wrong,you deserve (punish).
=If you do wrong,you deserve (punish).
[完成句子]
④Does kilimanjaro (值得拥有它的名声) as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace?(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)
[小话题写作]
⑤每当我在学习和生活中遇到问题的时候,妈妈都会耐心地听我说,鼓励我勇敢地去克服。我的母亲是值得我衷心尊敬和深爱的人。
I come across the problems in my study and life,my mother will and encourage me .My mother is the person my heartfelt respect and deep love.
考点必记
(1)deserve sth值得某事
deserve to do sth值得做某事
deserve doing=deserve to be done 值得被做
(2)deserving adj.应得的,值得的
[名师指津]
deserve的意思是“值得”“应该”,其后应该用不定式。
如果当deserve后面所接动词具有被动意义时,也可用动词的-ing形式,且这个动词的-ing形式要用主动形式表示被动意义;此时若将动词的-ing形式改成不定式,则要用被动形式。和deserve有相同用法的还有need,require等。
7.nowthat既然,由于
[教材原句]Maybe,but nowthat he has been so rude to us,I feel like we have to punish him or he won’t respect us.也许吧,可是既然他对我们粗鲁无礼,那我觉得我们有必要教训教训他,要不然他不会尊重我们的。(P23)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Now you’ve listed your strengths,list your imperfections.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
②I like the city,but I like the country better that I have more friends there.
考点必记
句中now that引导原因状语从句。
原因状语从句常用because,since,as等连词引导。此外,given (that),considering (that),in that,seeing that等特殊连词也可引导原因状语从句。
8.it作形式宾语
[教材原句]I hate it when that happens!我憎恨发生这件事!(P32)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①I (不爱听你吹口哨).
②I (讨厌她给我打电话) at work—I’m always too busy to carry on a conversation with her.
③Don’t (认为理所当然) that they will support you.
④You may (指望) that Tom will help you with your English.
⑤Please (注意确认) that the door is locked.
[小话题写作]
⑥如果我能得到这份工作,我会很感激的。期待您的及早回复。
I would I could be offered this job. your early reply.
考点必记
it作形式宾语的几个特殊结构:
(1)动词+it+that从句
能用于此结构的动词常见的有have,take,put,like等。
(2)动词+it+when (if)从句
能用于此结构的动词常见的有enjoy,hate,love,like,dislike,appreciate,prefer等。
(3)动词+prep.+it+that从句
能用于此结构的常见的有see to,look to,insist on,stick to,depend on等。
(4)动词+it+介词短语+that从句
能用于此结构的常见的有take it for granted,owe it to sb等。
9.insiston/upon坚持,坚持认为
[教材原句]Recently,he has been refusing to do his homework,and instead insistson wasting his time watching DVDs and listening to foreign music.最近,他一直拒绝做作业,反而坚持浪费时间看DVD和听外国音乐。(P35)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①I am trying to find a balance between (insist) and compromise.
②He insisted that he (do) right.
③Thus,Papa insisted that we (learn) at least one new thing each day.
④I must insist on your (give) me a simple answer.
[小情境写作]
在检查了病人的情况后,医生坚持说情况很糟,主张他应该休息10天。但他坚决要求回去工作。
⑤After checking the state of the patient,the doctor insisted that the situation (be) bad and that he (have) 10 days off work to have a rest.But he insisted going back to work without hesitation.
考点必记
insist vi.坚持,坚持认为
insistence n.坚持;坚决主张
insistent adj.坚持的;显著的;迫切的
insist后接宾语从句表示“坚决要求,坚持要”时,其后宾语从句要用虚拟语气,即“(should+)动词原形”;表示“坚持认为,坚持说”一个客观事实时,其后宾语从句要用陈述语气。
10.argumentn.争吵,辩论;论点,论据
[教材原句]At present,to prevent upsetting his mother with an argument,I am allowing him his freedom.目前,为了避免因吵架而使得他母亲烦心,我允许给他自由。(P35)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①She got into an argument her mother.
②I would argue copying previous architectural styles.
③Many experts argue the ban of riding motorcycles in the city.
④We argued him adopting the plan.
⑤A chimpanzee (黑猩猩) can’t win an (argue)with a modern man,but it can tear the man apart like a rag doll.(2019·江苏卷)
[小话题写作]
⑥他反对吸烟,并坚持认为吸烟有害健康是无可争辩的。最后,他劝我们不要吸烟。
He smoking,and insisted that it was that smoking was harmful to health.At last,he argued us .
考点必记
(1)get into an argument with sb和某人争吵起来
beyond argument无可争辩
(2)argue vi.&vt.争论,辩论,说服,主张,认为
argue for/against为赞成/反对……而力争
argue with sb about/over sth与某人争论某事
argue sb into/out of doing sth说服某人做/不做某事
argue sb down驳倒某人
argue+that从句认为……;赞同……
11.harmvt.伤害 n.伤害
[教材原句]How can I help my son without harming our relationship?我怎样才能帮到我的儿子,又不会伤害我们之间的关系?(P35)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Many people are in the habit of reading in bed,which of course does great harm their eyes.
②Don’t worry.There is no harm your staying up late occasionally.
③These include a plant that can detect (harm) chemicals in groundwater.
④The dog seems fierce,but it’s (harm).
[完成句子]
⑤未经分类乱扔垃圾对我们的环境有害。
Throwing rubbish without classifying it our environment.
⑥每天吃得太多对我们的健康有害。
Eating too much every day our health.
考点必记
(1)do sb harm=do harm to sb损害某人,伤害某人
there’s no harm in (sb’s) doing sth
=it does no harm (for sb) to do sth(某人)做某事并无害处
(2)harmful adj.有害的
be harmful to...对……有害
(3)harmless adj.无害的;不会引起损伤的
be harmless to sb/sth对某人/物无害
12.patiencen.耐心
[教材原句]With a little bit of patience and communication,many of these problems can be solved.多点耐心,增加交流,许多这样的问题是可以得到解决的。(P36)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①The scientists had to wait (patient) for a few years.
②With their (patient) and efforts,they successfully developed a combination of artificial breeding (人工繁殖) and natural reproduction.(2019·江苏卷)
③The teacher is very patient students.
考点必记
(1)impatience n.无耐心
patient adj.有耐心的n.病人
patiently adv.耐心地
impatient adj.不耐烦的;没有耐心的
(2)with patience=patiently 耐心地
be patient with sb对某人有耐心
be patient of sth忍受/忍耐某事
13.forbidvt.禁止
[教材原句]He even forbids me from chatting with my friends in the Internet cafe!他甚至禁止我在网吧与朋友聊天! (P37)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①My father forbade me meeting my friends online at the Internet cafe.
=My father forbade me (meet) my friends online at the Internet cafe.
②She says Tom has forbidden her (go) out with us.
③Please note that food and fruit (forbid)in the library,but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you.
[句式升级]
④We are forbidden to play on the lawn belonging to him.
= on the lawn belonging to him.(it作形式主语)
考点必记
(1)forbid doing sth禁止做某事
forbid sb to do sth禁止某人做某事
forbid sb from doing sth禁止某人做某事
it’s forbidden (for sb) to do sth(某人)做某事是禁止的
(2)forbidden adj.被禁止的;严禁的
请注意:后接sb from doing sth结构的动词还有stop,prevent,protect,keep等,其中,keep后的from不可省略。
14.limitn.限制;极限;界限 vt.限制
[教材原句]Many boys become risk-takers—they want to find their own limits and the limits of the world around them,but may not have the wisdom to make good choices in their behaviour.许多男孩变成冒险家——他们希望发现自己的极限和他们周围世界的极限,但也许并不具有对其行为作出正确选择的智慧。(P38)
语境巧练
[用limit的适当形式填空]
①Our life has a ,but knowledge is .
②We must the expenses to what we can afford.
③Sometimes,he to a cage underwater but that did not bother him.
④You can trust her within .
[句式升级]
⑤You should limit the length of the article to 400 words or so.
=The length of the article 400 words or so.(被动语态)
[完成句子]
⑥时间有限,我们必须尽一切努力使自己更具竞争力。
and we have to make every attempt to be more competitive.
考点必记
(1)limit sb/sth(to...)限定某人/某物(在……范围内)
(2)within limits在一定范围内,适度地,有限度地
to the limit到极点,到了最大限度
(3)limited adj.有限的,受限制的
limitless adj.无限制的,无约束的
15.balancen.天平;平衡;余额 v.平衡;权衡
[教材原句]Since teenagers have difficulty balancing these needs,they often question who they are and how they fit in society.正因为青少年在平衡这些需要时有困难,所以他们经常质疑自己到底是谁以及怎样融入社会。(P38)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Each person,no matter who they are,has psychological (balance).(2018·北京卷)
②Rich countries gain more from powerful Niños, balance,than they lose.
③When he was running after his brother,the boy lost (he) balance and had a bad fall.
④A (balance)diet gives an athlete the right amount of calories.
⑤As with many other full-time working mothers,Aunt Wang finds it hard to keep a balance work and family.
[小情境写作]
⑥他们均衡的饮食非常成功,不久王鹏就变瘦了,而永慧体重增加了。
Their became such that Wang Peng became slimmer but Yong Hui put on more weight.
考点必记
(1)keep/lose/recover one’s balance保持/失去/恢复平衡
keep a balance between A and B 保持A与B均衡
a sense of balance平衡感
out of balance失去平衡
off balance摇摇欲坠
on balance总的来说
(2)balance A with/and B 保持A和B平衡
(3)balanced adj.保持平衡的
a balanced diet均衡饮食
(4)imbalanced adj.不平衡的
imbalance n.不平衡
随堂巩固迁移运用
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.The towers were once an important part of the city’s (defend).
2.What is known to us is that drinking too much does harm our health.
3.I made this (argue) at the meeting,and not a few people would disagree with me.
4.My daughter will graduate from college soon and she needs some (guide) on her future career.
5.I have a (tend) to see pictures in my mind when I am reading or listening.
6.I think the (explain) about the problem isn’t convincing,so it needs improving.
7.To make my room look nicer,I had it (decorate) with wallpaper last week.
8.The boy couldn’t tolerate other people’s (make) noise in the room,so he went out.
9.With our lives (improve),we find more chances to travel.
10.A scene she meets Joe’s girlfriend might be the funniest thing you see all year.
Ⅱ.短语填空
mix up,stay up,at present,be hard on,insist on
1.It is typical of students to reading till late night before the final exam.
2.If you two things or people,you confuse them,so that you think that one of them is the other one.
3.Her father has always her,so she is never late for school.
4.You are sure to achieve your dreams if you them and try your best.
5.No one knows what he is doing .
Ⅲ.单句改错
1.Farther in distance,I could enjoy the view of snowy mountains.
2.I insisted doing most of the baking myself.
3.I hate when people talk with their mouths full.
4.It was a pity that the great writer died with his works unfinish.
5.Just as I stepped into the shower the phone rang.It was so annoyed.
6.He tends to losing his temper if you don’t obey the rule.
7.Since her only child passed away a few years ago,family has been a forbid topic for her.
Ⅳ.话题微写作
写作内容提示
1.随着年龄的增长,我养成了写日记的习惯。(keep)
2.有一天回家,我发现我的日记本被翻动过。(find)
3.我迫不及待地跑去质问妈妈,她解释说她是为了了解我的全部生活。(can’t wait to do sth,explanation)
4.我知道她总是严格要求我,但我不能忍受我的隐私被泄露。(be hard on,tolerate)
5.我坚决要求我应当受到尊重。(insist)
连句成文(参考上述提示,通过合理想象整合成一篇短文)
请完成【高考题型·组合规范练】
Unit3 Lookinggood,feelinggood
(主题语境:人与社会——文学、艺术与体育)
核心考点课堂突破
1.bedyingtodosth迫切希望做某事,渴望做某事
[教材原句]Dyingtobe thin...渴望痩身……(P42)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Nowadays many young people are dying (go) abroad.
②The noise of the car died in the distance.
③Why does the writer think that the human race would die if we all saw physical beauty in the same way?
④As children grew,they became more (anxiety) to know the qualities of their posts.(2018·江苏卷)
[句式升级]
⑤I could hardly wait to meet him.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)
=I to meet him.
考点必记
die down逐渐减弱;逐渐模糊
die away减弱(以至察觉不到);淡化
die off相继死去 die out消失;灭绝
be dying for...渴望…… die of因(患)……而死
die from由于……而死;因……致死
[名师指津]
表示“渴望做……”的短语还有:can’t wait to do...;long to do...;be anxious to do...;be eager to do...等等。
Mike longed to do something for the people across the sea.迈克期望能为海外的人们做一些事情。
The boy is eager to ride his new bicycle.这个男孩急切想骑他那辆新自行车。
2.workout锻炼;算出;想出;设计出;制定出
[教材原句]I used to go to the gym three times a week,but I don’t workout any more.我以前常去健身房,一周三次,可我现在不再锻炼了。(P42)
语境巧练
[写出下列句中workout的含义]
①Therefore,rules should be worked out and strictly observed.
②If you work out bright and early in the morning,you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day.(2018·全国Ⅱ卷)
③He couldn’t work out the question,and his sister helped him out.
④I can’t work out the meaning of this sentence.
[句式升级]
⑤The problem was worked out and the students felt very excited.
= ,the students felt very excited.(独立主格结构)
考点必记
(1)work at 致力于,努力做
work as职业是……
work on对……起作用
work sth off (通过消耗体力)宣泄感情
work sth up逐步发展
work up to sth逐渐达到(更高或更深的程度)
(2)at work在工作 in work有工作
out of work失业
3.figuren.[C]体形;数字;人物;画像;雕像;人影
vt.&vi.考虑;估计,计算;认为
[教材原句]Most young women want a slim figure these days,especially here in Canada.如今,大部分年轻女性都想拥有苗条的身材,尤其是在加拿大。(P42)
语境巧练
[写出下列句中figure的含义]
①“I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as close to it as I am to my dogs,” says Ehlers.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷改编)
②The movement is supported by key figures in the three main political parties.
③Indeed official figures suggest the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961.
④Sitting on a sofa in her room,Welty,a slim figure in a simple gray dress,looked pleased with this explanation.
[完成句子]
⑤I couldn’t (弄明白) how she managed to (保持身材).She told me she (依靠) the daily exercise.She (认为) that exercise was the best way to lose weight.
⑥When you were trying (弄清楚该买什么) for the environmentalist on your holiday list,fur probably didn’t cross your mind.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)
考点必记
(1)a key figure 一个关键人物
a slim figure 苗条的身材
a perfect figure 完美的身材
keep one’s figure 保持身材
official figures 官方数字
sales figures 销售数字
(2)figure out=work out 计算出;弄明白
figure on 指望;依靠;计划,打算
figure in 把……计算/考虑在内
[写作佳句]
Thanks for your advice,but this is something I have to figureout myself.谢谢您的忠告,但这是我必须自己弄明白的事情。
4.containvt.包含;容纳
[教材原句]They contain a harmful chemical that caused my liver to fail.那些减肥药片里含有一种有害的化学物质,导致了我肝功能衰竭。(P42)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or (contain) and freeze.(2018·全国Ⅱ卷)
②Everyone had something to say,me (include).
③Data about the moon’s composition,such as how much ice and other treasures it (contain),could help China...(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
[用contain或include的适当形式填空]
④The doctor suggests I should eat more fruit vitamin C and drink green tea.
⑤The box a number of letters, those from her admirers and of course his letters as well.
考点必记
contain oneself克制自己
container n.容器,集装箱
[易混辨析]contain与include
contain 意为“含有,容纳,装有”,表示所含之物的全部或一部分;侧重所含的量与成分。不用于进行时。
include 意为“包括,包含……在内”,侧重指范围,指包括或容纳某物成为整体的一部分,侧重整体与部分的对比。include常以including 和included的形式出现。
助记
5.damagev.损坏,伤害 n.伤害
[教材原句]My mother is right:don’t damage your health for a slim and attractive figure.我妈妈是对的:不要为了苗条、动人的身材毁了自己的健康。(P43)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①I have a very strong fear that the lie we’re telling is doing spiritual (damage) to our children.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
②Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher could result in damage personal property.(2018·天津卷)
③Without oxygen,the brain (damage) quickly.
④Many buildings (damage) during the war are being repaired.
[用ruin,destroy,damage的适当形式填空]
⑤After the earthquake,many buildings ,but the local people still repaired the ones and rebuilt the new ones to keep their hometown from coming to .
考点必记
cause/do damage to对……造成伤害
suffer damage遭受损害
[易混辨析]ruin,damage与destroy
ruin指经过长时间的侵蚀而毁坏,通常暗指无可挽回的伤害,但并不一定指完全毁灭。它也可用来表示抽象概念。如:
If she loses the court case,it will ruin her.
如果败诉,她就完了。
damage是程度较小的“破坏”“损坏”,一般指被破坏的物品可以修复。如:
Several vehicles were damaged in the crash.
好几辆汽车在撞车事故中损毁了。
destroy指彻底的摧毁、毁坏;它也可用于损坏抽象的东西,如名誉、计划等。如:
They have destroyed all the evidence.
他们销毁了一切证据。
6.as引导方式状语从句
[教材原句]I think you look great asyouare,and you’re a wonderful person.我觉得你目前这个样子看上去就很好,并且你是一个非常优秀的人。(P43)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
① (尽管这可能看起来很奇怪),nobody was injured in the accident.
②A child should learn to tell it (实事求是).
③He came in (当我正要上床睡觉时).
④ (一年一年过去),China is getting stronger and richer.
⑤I have changed it (按照你的建议).
[句式升级]
⑥As the average age of the population increases,there are more and more old people to care for.
= ,there are more and more old people to care for.(with复合结构)
考点必记
as you are是as引导的方式状语从句,意思是“照你的现状,照你原样”。此处as意为“正如”。
as引导状语从句的其他用法:
(1)引导时间状语从句,强调两个动作同时发生;
(2)引导原因状语从句,意为“既然,由于”;
(3)引导比较状语从句,用于as...as...或not as/so...as...;
(4)引导让步状语从句,从句常用“名词/形容词/副词/分词/实义动词+as+主语+系动词/实义动词/助动词”的倒装结构。注意:表语是名词时,名词前无冠词。
7.prefervt.更喜欢
[教材原句]Instead,I prefer to exercise at home,and it seems that I am always going on a diet.我反而更喜欢在家里锻炼,看上去我就像一直在节食一样。(P45)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①The younger generations prefer (communicate) visually.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)
②They preferred good news bad.
③I’d like a room with a view, (prefer) on an upper floor.
④Young people today prefer to call rather than (write) letters.
⑤I have a (prefer) for wild release,because it is very convenient for the other persons who want to read books.
[一句多译]
她宁愿步行去上班也不愿开车。
⑥She prefers to work drive a car.
⑦She prefers to work a car.
考点必记
(1)prefer to do sth/doing sth宁愿做某事
prefer A to B与B相比更喜欢A
prefer doing sth to doing sth比起做某事更喜欢做某事
prefer to do sth rather than do sth宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
prefer sb to do sth希望某人做某事
(2)preference n.偏爱;爱好;喜爱
have a preference for偏爱 preferable adj.更好的
preferably adv.更好地;宁愿;宁可
8.用助动词do,does,did强调谓语
[教材原句]However,I doworry that my weight might damage my health.然而,我真的担心我的体重也许会损害我的健康。(P45)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①He (的确熟悉) the place well.
② (务必给我写信) when you get there.
③He (的确来过) but soon went back.
④ (务必小心) with that vase!
考点必记
句中do强调谓语动词worry。强调谓语动词常用助动词do的某个时态形式(do,does,did)。
用助动词do,does,did放在一般现在时和一般过去时句子中的动词原形前,以强调谓语。需要注意的是,能这样强调的句子必须是肯定句。
9.suffervt.&vi.受苦;遭受(磨难)
[教材原句]There is news about a Canadian actress who suffered liver failure because of taking those pills.有新闻说,一个加拿大的女演员因为吃了那些减肥药而肝脏衰竭。(P45)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Later,he worked in Africa,where many people suffered blindness for lack of proper treatment.(2020·江苏卷)
②Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others (suffer).
③It’s important to learn to accept (suffer) in life.
④He (suffer) lots of hardships before he became a football star.
[小情境写作]
⑤母亲离开房间后,孩子们坐在那里想着伯纳。“我希望我们能帮助他赚钱,”克拉拉说。“他的家人非常痛苦。”
After their mother left the room,the children sat there about Bernard.“ help him to earn money,” said Clara.“His family is .”
考点必记
(1)suffer用作及物动词,意思是“遭受,经历”,其宾语一般是loss,defeat,pain,damage,insult,punishment,hardship等抽象名词。
(2)suffer用作不及物动词,常与from连用,后常接the war/the flood/a headache等作宾语,说明痛苦的原因,表示“遭受苦难、病痛”。
(3)suffering n.痛苦,苦难
[写作佳句]
Team performance will suffer when there is too much talent.(2019·北京卷)
团队中有太多的人才,团队表演就难以成功。
10.effectn.效果,作用;影响
[教材原句]However,they have side effects,which will damage your health.然而,它们有副作用,会毁坏你的健康。(P49)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Recent studies have found positive (effect).(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
②They are extremely important in the safe and (effect) running of our programs.(2019·北京卷)
③ Ordinary soap,used correctly,can deal with bacteria (effect).(2018·北京卷)
④These hormones also have a positive effect the heart and the blood flow.
[完成句子]
⑤新法律不久将生效。确切地说,它将从明天起生效。
The new law will soon be .To be exact,it will from tomorrow.
考点必记
(1)in effect实际上;有效
be of no effect无效,没有作用,不中用
put/bring...into effect实行,实施,使生效,实现
come into effect开始生效,开始实施
have no/little/a good/a great/a bad effect on/upon...对……没有/几乎没有/有好的/有很大的/有坏的影响
take/have effect见效,生效;开始发生作用;实施,实行
(2)effective adj.有效的
effectively adv.有效地
11.affectvt.影响;(病毒)感染;使悲伤
[教材原句]After your friend taking this kind of pill for some time,his hair might fall out or he might have health problems,some of which may even affect his liver or heart.你的朋友吃下这种药丸一段时间之后,就会掉头发或者出现健康问题,有些药甚至还会影响到肝脏和心脏。(P49)
语境巧练
[写出句中affect的含义]
①Apparently,blindly following others’ advice will affect our own judgement.
②Dr. Welch knew the boy had diphtheria,a deadly infectious(传染的) disease mainly affecting children.
③She was deeply affected by the news of his death.
[完成句子]
④她是一位热爱自己的工作并对学生表现出极大感情的普通教师。
She is an ordinary teacher who loves her work and her students.
考点必记
(1)affect sth/sb影响某物/某人
be greatly/deeply affected by被……深深打动/感动;极大地受到……影响
be affected with high fever发高烧
be affected by heat/cold中暑/着凉
(2)affection n.影响;感情;喜爱;慈爱
have/show an affection for非常喜欢
12.comfortn.安慰;舒适
[教材原句]If it is any comfort to you,I have also put on some weight recently,and so perhaps I can go on a diet along with you.如果你听着舒服的话,我最近也长胖了一些,所以也许我可以陪你一起节食了。(P57)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①He has enough money so that he can live comfort.
② (comfort) bikes and a smooth tour route(路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)
③When it cried,she rocked it back and forth and gave it little (comfort) pats.
④Campers,in my eyes,were people who enjoyed insect bites,ill-cooked meals,and (comfort) sleeping bags.
考点必记
(1)in comfort舒服地
give comfort to(sb)/give(sb)comfort安慰(某人)
take comfort from...从……中得到慰藉
(2)comfort v.安慰;使(痛苦等)缓和
comfortable adj.舒适的,(人)安逸的
comforting adj.安慰的;令人欣慰的
uncomfortable adj.不舒服的,不安逸的
discomfort n.不舒服;不安
comfortably adv.安逸地
13.inthelongterm从长远角度看;就长期而言
[教材原句]Diets are useless inthelongterm,yet approximately 20% of teenagers say they have tried going on a diet and skipping meals to control their weight.从长远角度来看,节食并不能奏效,然而有大约20%的青少年声称,他们曾尝试过节食或者有时不吃饭以控制自己的体重。(P58)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Real ability will win in long term.
②He and his neighbors are no longer good terms with each other.
③It is wrong of you to think of everything in (term) of money.
④Life has its ups and downs and each person has to come to terms his own share of misery.
[小话题写作]
⑤另一种设定现实目标的方法是分析你的短期和长期目标,记住你的信仰、价值观和优势。(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)
Another way of is to analyse your objectives, your beliefs,values and strengths.
考点必记
in the short term就短期而言
in the long/short run从长期/短期来看
in terms of就……而言,在……方面
come to terms with达成协议;和好;接受;适应
be on good/bad terms with sb与某人的关系好/不好
[写作佳句]
We must aim for world peace inthelongterm.
我们要争取持久的世界和平。
14.so+系动词/助动词/情态动词+另一个主语
[教材原句]Walking and riding your bike count,and sodoschoolsports.步行和骑自行车就算,校内体育活动也算。(P58)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①When we begin conversations with new people,we want to feel comfortable,and so they.
②He asked me to stay at home and I did .
③If my younger brother doesn’t go to the evening party, will I.
④Marx was born in Germany and German was his native language.So it was Engels.
⑤Tom works hard at all his subjects.So he .
[完成句子]
⑥I asked him to complete the experiment before five,and (他做到了).
⑦You don’t know what to do now,and (我也不知道).
[句式升级]
⑧His parents were not satisfied with the result of the exam.His teacher was not satisfied either.
=His parents were not satisfied with the result of the exam,and .
考点必记
(1)“so+系动词/助动词/情态动词+另一个主语”用于肯定陈述句之后,表示前句所说的情况也适合于另一个人或物。
(2)“nor/neither+系动词/助动词/情态动词+另一个主语”用于否定陈述句之后,表示前句所说的情况也适合于另一个人或物,nor/neither表示“也不”。
(3)“so it is/was with+另一主语”既能表示肯定意义,又能表示否定意义,主要用于以下情况:①上文有两个(或两个以上)不同谓语;②上文既有肯定也有否定。
(4)“so+主语+系动词/助动词/情态动词”中的主语与前一句的主语通常是指同一个“人”或“物”,主语、谓语不需要倒装。这种句型表示说话者赞同前句所提到的情况或事实,其中的so作“不错,确实如此”讲。
(5)“主语+do+so”中so和动词do连用,替代上文中出现过的动宾结构或动状结构,以避免重复。
15.concentratevt.&vi.集中(注意力、思想等);全神贯注
[教材原句]Many teenagers are surprised to learn that when you exercise,your body produces some chemicals that make you feel peaceful and relaxed and increase your ability to concentrate when you study.很多青少年吃惊地发现,锻炼过程中体内会产生某些化学物质,这些化学物质让人感到安宁和放松,也可增强学习时的注意力。(P58)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①All their thoughts were (concentrate) on themselves.
②It was up to him to concentrate his studies and make something of himself.
③If you apply yourself the job in hand,you’ll soon finish it.
④Nothing is difficult if you put your heart it.
⑤He is a boy with great power of (concentrate).
[句式升级]
⑥She is absorbed in music.
=She her attention on music.
=She music.
考点必记
(1)concentrate on...集中(注意力)于……
concentrate one’s attention on...
=focus one’s attention on/upon
=fix one’s attention on/upon
=direct one’s attention to
=put one’s heart into
=be absorbed/lost in
=apply oneself/one’s mind to将注意力集中于……
(2)concentration n.专注;专心;集中
16.innotime立刻,很快
[教材原句]If you follow the suggestions above,you will look and feel much better innotime at all!如果你能遵循以上的建议,用不了多久你就会气色好得多,感觉也会棒得多!(P58)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①We’ll have had the leak fixed (立刻).
② (曾经),half the land on the earth’s surface was covered by the forest.
③The car came to a stop just (及时)to prevent an accident.
[小情境写作]
④你不能一边看电视一边做作业!我会不时地检查你所做的工作。如果你坚持下去,你迟早会成功的。
You can’t watch television and do your homework !I will examine you on the work you have done .If you keep on,you’ll succeed .
考点必记
at a time一次,每次
at one time一度,曾经(=once)
at the same time与此同时;虽然如此
from time to time时不时地
in time及时;迟早,终究
on time准时,按时
for the time being暂时
at times有时
all the time一直
随堂巩固迁移运用
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.Running is cheap,easy and it’s always (energy).(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)
2.He’s not really good-looking,but he is (attract) in a strange kind of way.
3.According to Doctor Smith,the (treat) will work better if it is combined with diets.
4.He is (use) at DIY.He can’t even put up a shelf.
5.While selecting job applicants,we usually give (prefer) to those with some experience.
6.He seemed to be around fifty,but it was,he was over sixty.
7.Thailand’s worst flooding in half a century has affected a third of the country,and it is hard to figure the losses.
8.While some people are motivated by a need for success,others are motivated by a fear of (fail).
9.Close your eyes and imagine yourself in a (comfort) place,like a beach or anywhere nice.
10.90 percent of teens don’t get enough sleep and this sleep (lose) causes kids to suffer mentally and physically.
Ⅱ.短语填空
fall out,go on a diet,get into shape,make the most of,in the long term
1.Baby teeth do not last long and they to make room for bigger,stronger adult teeth.
2.The agreement should have very positive results .
3.Henry is too heavy.I think he should stick to every day.
4.You should your spare time to do something useful.
5.In order to be more charming and slimmer,girls tend to .
Ⅲ.单句改错
1.The boy from Shanghai work out twice a week.He is very strong.
2.In the short term we will lose money,but in long term the profits will be very large.
3.I knew him when we were in college.As the matter of fact,we were on the same course.
4.To build up our body,we should be outside making a most of the sunshine.
5.Rose is really comfort to all of us.She brings us a lot of fun and happiness.
Ⅳ.话题微写作
写作内容提示
1.人人都渴望拥有苗条的身材。(slim figure)
2.肥胖的人急需减肥。(lose weight)
3.有的人渴望在短期内瘦下来而服用减肥药,但是因为它的不良反应很大,会使情况变得更严重。(be dying to do,side effects)
4.节食是一种很有效的方法。(go on a diet)
5.除此之外,要积极锻炼,强身健体。 (work out)
6.养成良好的生活习惯也是很重要的。(equal)
连句成文(参考上述提示,通过合理想象整合成一篇短文)
请完成【高考题型·组合规范练】
Unit1 Talesoftheunexplained
(主题语境:人与自然——宇宙探索)
核心考点课堂突破
1.stepup加快,增加,促进;提升;走上前,走近
[教材原句]Police in America have steppedup their search for a fifteen-year-old boy who went missing three days ago in Dover,New Hampshire.美国警方现在已经加紧对一名15岁的失踪男孩的搜索,该男孩于三天前在新罕布什尔州的多佛失踪。(P2)
语境巧练
[写出下列句子中stepup的含义]
①The government should do everything to step up environmental protection.
②John stepped up onto the platform and began to speak.
③He has stepped up into the management of the firm.
[单句填空]
④A grasp of how to manage colour in your spaces is one of the first (step) to creating rooms you’ll love to live in.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)
⑤We should take steps (prevent) war.
⑥These problems should be solved step step.
考点必记
(1)step down走下来;辞职,下台,让位
step out出去一会儿,暂时离开
step forward前来提供帮助
step in走进;介入,干涉,插手(尤指为终止事端)
step aside让到一旁,避开
step back后退
step away from摆脱;远离
(2)step by step循序渐进
take steps to do sth采取行动/措施做某事
keep in step with与……步调一致
out of step步伐、意见等不一致
[写作佳句]
When John realized he was going to be late,he steppedup his pace.当约翰意识到会迟到时,他加快了步伐。
2.dueto由于;因为
[教材原句]This incident has received great interest dueto reports of strange lights in the sky and of alien visits around the time the boy disappeared.这件事引起了公众的极大兴趣,原因是有各种关于男孩失踪前后空中出现奇怪光亮和外星人造访地球的新闻报道。(P2)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①每周锻炼300分钟的人死于心脏病的风险降低了20%。(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)
People who put in 300 minutes a week of exercise had a 20% lower risk of death .
②他因突如其来的风暴而来晚了。
He arrived late .
[句式升级]
③Your homework is expected to be handed in tomorrow.You will be punished if you can’t finish it by then.
=Your homework tomorrow.You will be punished if you can’t finish it by then.
考点必记
(1)due to 的同义词组:because of;on account of;as a result of;owing to;thanks to
(2)be due(债款等)应该付的;(票据等)到期的;定于,预定(做……的),预定(到达或离开)(+to do sth)
[名师指津]
thanks to“幸亏;多亏;由于”,通常用于好的方面,侧重感谢。
Thanks to your advice,much trouble was saved.
多亏了你的建议,减少了很多麻烦。
3.witnessn.目击者,证人 vt.目击,见证;是……发生的时间或地点
[教材原句]Witnesses also say they saw Justin walking towards his house at 10:45 p.m.目击者也说晚上10点45分他们看到贾斯廷朝他家走去。(P2)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①History has (witness) Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world.
②One witness the accident said that the driver appeared to be drunk.
③Don’t trust his words.His ragged clothes are just witness to his poverty.
[完成句子]
④然而,她的孩子们在见证母亲获得学位的过程中学到了重要的一课。(2020·山东卷)
However,her children have learned an important lesson her degree.
考点必记
(1)witness to sth为……的证据;……的目击者
give witness(to sth)作证
with a witness确实
be (a) witness to...是……的见证者;目击(某事的发生);证明……是真实的
(2)witness sb do sth见证某人做某事
4.动词-ing/-ed+介词(短语)/副词+be+主语+其他成分
[教材原句]Standinginsidewerelotsofstrangecreatures with white skin and large black eyes.里面站着许多白皮肤、眼睛又黑又大的奇怪的生物。(P2)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Towering in front of the building (be) a long flag pole.
② (wait)on both sides of the street were excited fans who wanted to see the famous football player named David Beckham.
③ (go)were the days when we were playing happily together.
[完成句子]
④他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。
Among these people .
⑤一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。
Buried in the sands .
⑥站在桌旁的是他的妻子。
Standing beside the table .
⑦看那条小狗!它跑过来了。
Look at the little dog! .
考点必记
动词-ing/-ed+介词(短语)/副词+be+主语+其他成分
这是一个倒装句,主语是lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes。因为creatures是复数形式,所以谓语动词用were。因为主语较长,为了使句子避免出现“头重脚轻”的现象,所以使用倒装结构。
归纳
(1)当主语是名词(短语)时,为了强调句中的状语或表语、保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密,可将状语或表语置于句首,句中主语和谓语完全倒装。
(2)当here,there,now,then,out,in,up,down,away,off等表示地点、方位或时间等的词置于句首时,谓语动词为go,come,run,lie等,当主语是名词时,常用完全倒装。
(3)There be句型中,用完全倒装,除be以外,live,happen,stand,exist,lie,remain等也都可以充当该结构的谓语。
注意:上述完全倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不倒装。
5.assumevt.假定;以为
[教材原句]However,since Mrs Foster thought that Justin was spending the night with a friend,she assumed that Kelly was having a bad dream,and sent her back to bed.然而,由于福斯特夫人认为贾斯廷在一个朋友家过夜了,所以她认为凯莉做了一个噩梦,于是将她打发回床上。(P3)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the (assume) you’ve made.(2018·江苏卷)
②It is wrong (assume) arts groups cannot make a profit.(2018·江苏卷)
③As far as I know,many people assume him (be) right.
④ (assume) that our plan is turned down,what shall we do?
[句式升级]
⑤It (assume) that stress is caused by too much work.So we spare some time to relax every day.
=We spare some time to relax every day .
考点必记
(1)assume sb/sth to be...认为某人/某事是……
It is assumed that...假定……,普遍认为……
assuming that...假设……
(2)assumption n.假定;假设
make an/the assumption认为;假定
on the assumption that假设,假定
(3)assumed adj.假设的
[写作佳句]
①It is very boring to talk about the assumed differences between the two cities.
讨论两市之间假设的区别很无聊。
②I have assumed him tobe an American.
我本以为他是美国人。
6.occurvi.发生
[教材原句]Mr Foster was working that night on his road construction job,and was not home when these events occurred.福斯特先生那天晚上在他的工程队上班,当这些事发生的时候他不在家。(P3)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①He was unconscious and as I looked at his face,something occurred me.
②But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the (occur) of anger.(2018·北京卷)
[完成句子]
③他们很少想到去游荡一段时间,花些时间看看周围是什么。
to wander a bit,to take a moment to see what’s around them.(2018·天津卷)
[一句多译]
我突然想到了一个主意。
④An idea occurred me.
⑤An idea came my mind.
⑥I hit/struck an idea.
考点必记
(1)...occur/come to sb某人突然想起……
(2)...strike/hit sb某人突然想起……
(3)It occurs to sb that...某人突然想起……
It strikes/hits sb that...某人突然想起……
(4)occurrence n.发生;事件;出现
[名师指津]
(1)occur常与介词to搭配,相当于动词happen,不能用于被动语态。
(2)表示“某人想起……”的短语还有:sth strikes/hits sb,sb hits/strikes on sth,sth comes to sb,sth comes into one’s mind等。
7.showup出现,现身
[教材原句]When Justin did not showup for lunch the next day,Mrs Foster became worried and told her husband to call the police.到第二天午饭时分,贾斯廷仍然没有露面,福斯特夫人开始担心了,就让她丈夫打电话报警。(P3)
语境巧练
[短语填空]
show up put up make up bring up use up cheer up
end up
①When they for their Sunday game,they were completely different.
②The writer two stories of Mr Fielder and Mr Plowright in order to explain the origin of advertising.
③ ,young man!Things will come right in time.
④I helped him some shelves in his bedroom.
⑤When students their debt capacity on student loans,they can’t commit it elsewhere.
⑥I had the terrible feeling of being left behind to the baby while he had fun.
⑦If you always give in to others you will feeling like a doormat.
考点必记
pick up捡起 put up 建造
hold up举起 pile up 堆起
build up树立 eat up 吃光
burn up烧光 use up 用光
end up结束 break up 打碎
cut up切碎 split up 分裂
cheer up振作 turn up 开大;出现
bring up抚育 clear up 清理
clean up整理 polish up 擦亮
keep up坚持 make up 化妆;和解;弥补
[写作佳句]
And MP3 players,smart phones,and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002,before tablets and e-readers showedup in 2007.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)
MP3播放器、智能手机和LCD电视机在2002年进入了千家万户,这在2007年平板和电子阅读器出现之前。
8.sothat引导目的状语从句
[教材原句]The aliens took me aboard the UFO sothat they could do research on me.外星人把我劫持到UFO上以便他们能在我身上进行研究。(P3)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①They should either monitor their websites better (以便) children do not sign up too early or they should adjust their websites to the needs of younger users.(2018·江苏卷)
② (为了) he might go abroad for his summer holiday,he saved up his money.
③Then I can spare some time to learn it again, (这样我们可以一起练习) every day.
考点必记
(1)so that “以便,为了”,引导目的状语从句,从句谓语动词往往含有can,could,may,might,would 等情态动词。
(2)so that还可以引导结果状语从句,此时从句谓语动词一般不会有情态动词。
(3)引导目的状语从句的从属连词及结构有:so that,in order that,in case,for fear that,in the hope that,for the purpose that等。
9.injuryn.伤害
[教材原句]Luckily,they returned me home without any injuries.幸运的是,他们后来放我回家了,我没有受到任何的伤害。(P3)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running,research shows,while most likely contributing to fewer (injury).(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
②Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move in case she (injury) her neck.
[句式升级]
③What you said did her an injury.
=What you said her.
[用hurt,wound,injure和harm填空]
④Smoking and drinking can one’s health.
⑤What he said his sister greatly.
⑥The soldier was badly in the right leg.
⑦Don’t your eyes by reading in dim light.
考点必记
(1)do an injury to伤害,危害,对……有害
do sb an injury=do an injury to sb伤害某人
(2)injure v.受伤
be badly /seriously injured严重受伤
(3)the injured伤者
[易混辨析]hurt,wound,injure与harm
(1)hurt可指肉体上的轻伤,也可指感情上的挫伤。
(2)wound常指在打斗中由外来暴力造成的刀伤、枪伤,程度较重。
(3)injure指损害健康、成就、容貌等,强调功能的损失。也多指意外事故对肉体、健康造成的伤害。
(4)harm多指对人的肉体或精神上带来的伤害。
10.existvi.存在
[教材原句]Though he has never met any aliens,he believes they do exist.尽管他从来没有见到过外星人,但是他坚信确实有外星人存在。(P8)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①“That is only evidence that traditions once (exist),” he said.(2018·全国Ⅲ卷)
②The change endangers the very (exist) of certain animals and birds.
③I wonder how the human race came existence.
[小情境写作]
④现有的研究表明,你应该避免和吃得多、比较胖的人一起吃饭,与之相反,你真正需要避免的是那些胃口很大的瘦子。(2020·山东卷)
And research that says you should avoid heavier people who order large portions,it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
考点必记
(1)There exists/existed...某地存在/有……
exist on靠……为生
come into existence开始存在/成立
bring...into existence使发生/产生
(2)existence n.存在,生存
(3)existent adj.存在的,现存的
11.appropriateadj.适当的
[教材原句]Please tick the appropriate boxes (tick only one after each question) or write your answers in the blanks.请勾选合适的方框(每题仅勾一次),或者在空格里写出你自己的答案。(P13)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed (appropriate).
②This allows them to respond more (appropriate) to the user.
[小话题写作]
③更重要的是,作为一个外向和乐于助人的人,我相信志愿工作是一份适合我的工作。
What’s more, ,I am confident that volunteering is for me.
考点必记
(1)be appropriate to do sth适合做某事
be appropriate for sb to do sth某人适合做某事
(2)appropriately adv.适当地
(3)inappropriate adj.不合适的
12.awardvt.颁奖,授奖;授予,给予;判定 n.奖;奖品,奖状
[教材原句]We could offer awards to the winning team and the most enthusiastic players.我们可以给获胜的队伍和最为激情的队员发奖。(P17)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①A 90-year-old (award)“Woman Of The Year”for being Britain’s oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)
②The gold medal will be awarded whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race.(2018·天津卷)
③For example,she (receive) the 2007 BRICK Award recognizing the efforts of young people to change the world.
④ (award)so many prizes in literature,George felt that his years of efforts were well deserved.
⑤ Points were awarded part-time jobs,housework,effort in school,and ability to deal with problems.
⑥She (award) a gold medal due to her outstanding service to the public.
[用reward/award/prize的适当形式填空]
⑦After being the first ,he expressed that he would continue to the people and the society with his hard work.
考点必记
(1)award sb sth/award sth to sb授予某人某物
be awarded for...因……而得奖
(2)win/receive/get an award for因……而赢得/得到/获得奖励
(3)as a reward for(= in reward for)作为……报酬/奖赏/报答
give/offer a reward to sb for sth为某事而给某人报酬
reward sb with sth以某物奖赏某人
[易混辨析]award,prize与reward
award“奖,奖金,奖品”,既可做动词也可作名词,指为鼓励在工作中达到或完成所提出的要求或条件的人而进行的奖励,往往强调荣誉而不在乎奖品的大小或奖金的多少。
prize“(给予获胜者的)奖赏,奖金,奖品”,多指在各类竞赛、竞争、抽奖或者工作、学习中的优胜者获得的奖励,可以是钱也可以是物;做动词,意为“珍视……,对……高度重视”。
reward“奖赏,报酬,回报,酬谢”,既可作名词也可作动词,指对某人的工作、帮助或服务等的报答或酬金。
13.“sb/sthbesaid+不定式”据说
[教材原句]The Yeti issaidtobe a large,hairy animal that walks on two feet like a human being.据说雪人体格硕大,浑身长毛,是像人类一样用两只脚走路的动物。(P18)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①He is said (正在国外学习),but I don’t know which country he is studying in.
②He is said (曾在国外学习过),but I don’t know which country he studied in.
③He is said (要到国外学习),but I don’t know which country he will study in.
④ (据报道) that a space station will be built on the moon in years to come.
[句式升级]
⑤The police are said to be looking into the case.
= the police are looking into the case.
⑥It is reported that our country will hold a Chinese paper-cutting show this Sunday.
=Our country a Chinese paper-cutting show this Sunday.
⑦It’s said that Jack has studied in Australia for three years.
=Jack have studied in Australia for three years.
考点必记
(1)句型“sb/sth be said+不定式”表示“据说……”。
(2)句型“sb/sth be said+不定式”也可以转换成“It is said that+从句”。
(3)在句型“sb/sth be said+不定式”中,若动作发生在谓语动词之前,可以用to have done 来表示;若动作正在发生,可以用to be doing。
(4)动词report,believe,think,forecast,predict等也常用于此结构:
It is thought that...大家认为……
It is believed that...人们相信……
It is reported that...据报道……
It is well-known that...众所周知……
It is supposed that...据推测……
14.attackvt.&vi.&n.攻击;进攻
[教材原句]People believe that Yetis sometimes come down from the mountains to attack villagers.人们认为,雪人有时会从山上下来袭击村民。(P18)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when (attack).
②They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the (attack).
③When an individual ant comes attack or is dying,it sends out an alarm.
[完成句子]
④当一名学生在社交媒体上攻击教授时,所使用的语言实际上更多地反映了这个学生。(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)
When a student on the social media,the language used actually says more about the student.
考点必记
(1)attack sth/sb with sth用……攻击某人/物
be attacked for因……而受到攻击/抨击
(2)under attack受到攻击
make an attack on/upon向……发动攻击
a personal attack人身攻击
a heart attack心脏病突发
(3)attacker n.袭击者
[写作佳句]
When a leafy plant is under attack,it doesn’t sit quietly.
当一株多叶植物受到攻击时,它不会坐以待毙。
15.strengthn.[U]力量,力气;[C]长处,优势
[教材原句]In one case,a group of engineers ran after the creature,which moved with amazing speed and strength.其中一篇报道说,当一队工程师追捕这种生物时,它以惊人的速度和体力奔跑起来。(P18)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Do exercises to (strength) your leg muscles(肌肉).(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)
②I like drinking (strength) tea.
[完成句子]
③既然你已经列出了自己的优点,那就列出你的不完美吧。(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
,list your imperfections.
[用strength/energy/force/power填空]
④The friendship between the peoples of the two countries has been through various means.
⑤The best way to achieve a goal is to devote 100% of your time and to it.
⑥The of the explosion shattered the windows of several buildings.
⑦The vehicle had better ,better tyres,and better brakes.
考点必记
(1)build up one’s strength增强体力
with all one’s strength竭尽全力
have the strength to do sth有力气/能力做某事
strengths and weaknesses长处与不足
(2)strengthen v.加强;增强;巩固
(3)strong adj.强壮的;坚强的;浓的
[易混辨析]strength,energy,force与power
strength常指固有的潜力。用于人时,指“力气”或“长处”;用于物时,着重指“强度”。
energy在物理学上定义为“能,能量”“精力”。
force运动的力,也可指势力、武力、暴力、军队等。
power能力;电力;影响力;权力。
16.belongto属于
[教材原句]Large tracks have also been discovered which some people say belongto the Wild Man.巨大的脚印也被发现了,有人说那是属于野人的。(P18)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①The countries (belong) to the Third World are developing fast.
②All passengers need to get off the plane here in Beijing.Please take all your (belong) with you.
[小话题写作]
③为什么穿校服是个好主意有几个原因。首先,校服让学校看起来更整洁。学生们觉得他们属于一个特殊的群体。(2019·浙江6月卷)
There are why school uniforms are a good idea. ,uniforms help the school look smart.The students feel that they a particular group.
考点必记
(1)belong to无进行时态。
(2)belong to无被动语态,也不用过去分词表示被动。
(3)belong to不接名词性物主代词或名词所有格。
(4)belonging当“所有物,行李”讲时,多以复数形式belongings出现。
17.convincevt.使相信,使确信,说服
[教材原句]He became convinced they exist.他(在研究这些报告时)越发坚信它们的存在。(P18)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Stephen Francis observed then eighteen-year-old Shelly-Ann at a track meet and (convince) that he had seen the beginnings of true greatness.
②But we failed to convince him his mistake.
③The advertisement is not (convince).
[句式升级]
④He is convinced of the truth of the report.
=He the report is true.
⑤In New York City a friend persuaded me into visiting the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
=In New York City a friend the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
考点必记
(1)convince sb of sth使某人相信某事
convince sb to do sth劝/说服某人做某事
It is convinced that...人们相信……
(2)convinced adj.确信的;坚信不疑的
be/become convinced of...相信……,确信……
be convinced that...确信……,承认……
be fully convinced充分相信
(3)convincing adj.令人信服的;有说服力的
18.survivevt.继续存在;比……活得长 vi.幸存;生存下来;残存
[教材原句]In his opinion,this animal made its way to other parts of the world,and continues to survive even today.他认为这种动物迁徙到了世界上的其他地区,甚至一直生存到今天。(P18)
语境巧练
[用survive的适当形式填空]
①None of these seems to have much chance of .(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)
②They searched for day and night after the earthquake.
[完成句子]
③如果某些种类的鱼开始从海洋中消失,这将改变能够生存的鱼的类型。
If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean,it will change the type of fish that will .
考点必记
(1)A survive B A比B活的时间长
survive the accident在事故中幸免于难
(2)survivor n.幸存者;逃生者
survival n.幸存,生存
survival of the fittest适者生存
[用法点拨]survive本身已含有“幸存于,幸免于”的意思,因而其后通常不再加多余的介词in等。
随堂巩固迁移运用
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.Anything you say may be taken down and used as (evident) against you.
2.People tend to make (assume) about you when you have a disability.
3.You’ll have a job (convince) them that you’re right.
4.According to some philosophers,everything in (exist) is reasonable.
5.David’s (strong) is that he won’t give up whatever difficulty he meets with.
6.Scientists are convinced the positive effect of laughter on physical and mental health.
7.The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine that year (award) jointly to William C.Campbell,Satoshi Õmura and Youyou Tu.
8.Not once did occur to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.
9.Italy,which has a much weaker tradition of immigration, (witness) a sharp increase in immigration in recent years.
10.The driver of the truck suffered only minor (injure) to his legs and arms.
Ⅱ.短语填空
due to,step up,make up,make one’s way,run into
1.He has his training to prepare for the race.
2.As soon as he saw us,Henry through the crowd to greet us personally.
3.Most of them turned up on time;only Tom arrived late the storm.
4.She did not believe me and told me not to stories.
5.When I a problem while making my model airplane,I asked uncle George for help.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1.The game was postponed due the heavy rain.
2.Every night before going to sleep,he make up a story to entertain his little son.
3.I was almost asleep when Chris finally show up.
4.Stand near the bank of the lake is a tall tower,which is surrounded by green trees.
5.In the case of fire,please break the glass.
6.An organization was brought into the existence to deal with the matter.
7.There exists many ancient temples in the country.
Ⅳ.话题微写作
写作内容提示
1.最近,我在写一本有关UFO的书。(on)
2.你相信UFO和外星人的存在吗?(existence)
3.在外层空间的确存在许多难以解释、令人困惑和惊叹的现象。(unexplained)
4.不管你信不信,还是有人声称目睹过UFO。(witness)
5.我会加快速度来写完这本书,希望它能使读者感兴趣。(step up)
连句成文(参考上述提示,通过合理想象整合成一篇短文)
请完成【高考题型·组合规范练】
Unit2 Wishyouwerehere
(主题语境:人与社会——历史、社会与文化)
核心考点课堂突破
1.wish+虚拟语气
[教材原句]Wish you were here 如果你在这里就好了(P21)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①In fact,anyone wishing (try) race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
②There is a good social life in the village,and I wish I (have) a second chance to become more involved.(2018·江苏卷)
③As long as one doesn’t come to rely on it,wishing a few good things to happen never hurts anybody.
④Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I (dance) as well as her.
⑤It was my turn to recite.How I wish I (be) able to say the rules without a mistake!
[句式升级]
⑥I hope you can spend more time learning English every day so that you can make greater progress this year.
=I spend more time learning English every day so that you can make greater progress this year.
考点必记
wish后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气,表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词构成形式为:
一般过去时(宾语从句动作与wish同时)过去完成时(宾语从句动作先于wish)would+动词原形(宾语从句动作后于wish)
联想
wishsbsth希望/祝愿某人……forsth盼望/想要……todosth想要做某事sbtodosth希望某人做某事
wish sb good luck/success/a pleasant journey
祝某人好运/成功/旅途愉快
[名师指津]
wish最易与hope混淆,hope 后面的宾语从句不用虚拟语气,但从句谓语常用can/may/will+动词原形。
2.arrangevt.&vi.安排;排列;整理
[教材原句]I’ve been quite busy arranging my holiday with my older brother,Colin.我最近一直很忙,忙着和我的哥哥科林安排我的假期计划。(P22)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities children.(2020·山东卷)
②I arranged my parents that we could borrow their car.
③She arranged a flight on a small plane.
[完成句子]
④Now everything for the conference to be held tomorrow (已准备就绪).I have (安排汤姆开车去接) the experts at the airport.Then I am to (安排接见) Mr Wang.In a word,all (我们做出的安排) go well.
考点必记
(1)arrange sth for sb为某人安排某物
arrange for sb (to do)...安排某人做某事
arrange with sb about sth与某人约定某事
arrange+that (clause) 安排
(2)arrangement n.准备,布置,整理
come to an arrangement达成协议
make arrangements for为……做好安排
make an arrangement with与(某人)商定或约好,(和某人)达成协议
3.incase万一(后接从句);以防万一(常用在句末,与just连用)
[教材原句]You have to wear a helmet and a life jacket for protection,just incase you fall into the water.你得戴上头盔并且穿上救生衣作为保护,以防你掉入水中。(P22)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①It was considerate of Michael to inform us of his delay case we got worried.
② is often the case,she is punctual.
③ is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
④But in case,good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs.
⑤A spokesperson in London told us she’d never heard of a case her company had insured someone for a drug overdose.
⑥In case an emergency,break the glass and press the button.
[完成句子]
⑦医生和病人分享他的电话号码,以备他们需要医疗帮助。 (2019·江苏卷)
The doctor shares his phone number with the patients medical assistance.
考点必记
in case of如果,假使
in this/that case要是这/那样的话
in no case决不,在任何情况下都不(置于句首时句子应采用倒装语序)
in any case无论如何,不管怎样
as the case may be视情况/根据具体情况而定
as is often the case (with...) (对于……)这是常有的事
It is often the case that...情况通常是……
[用法点拨]
(1)in case可单独使用,也可后接句子,跟句子时,从句中可用虚拟语气(should)do。
(2)当case作先行词且定语从句中不缺少主干成分时,要用where引导定语从句。
[写作佳句]
She should not move incase she injured her neck.她应该别乱动,以免伤了脖子。
4.whatever引导从句
[教材原句]We’ll live with the local people in their villages,and eat and drink whatever they do,including cow’s blood!我们要跟当地的居民一起住在他们的村庄里,不管他们吃什么、喝什么,我们也一起吃、一起喝,包括牛血!(P23)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle (what) is ahead of you for the day.(2018·全国Ⅱ卷)
②Every year, (who) makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
③To look for a better life,the girl would rather go together with him (where) he will go.
④Standing uneasily before me,she bit her lip and nodded at (what) I asked her.
考点必记
(1)whatever作关系代词,表示“凡是……的,所……的”,引导名词性从句,相当于有定语从句作后置修饰语的名词词组。
(2)whatever意为“无论什么,不管什么”,可用来引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和让步状语从句。引导让步状语从句时相当于no matter what。
(3)however作连词,意为“无论以何种方式,不管怎样”,后面接形容词、副词,however可以作副词,意为“无论如何,不管怎样,然而”。类似的词还有whoever,wherever等。
5.advancen.前进;预先 vi.前进;进步
[教材原句]Since we’ll be walking for almost two weeks,I’ll need to buy a large backpack in advance to carry my supplies of food and water.因为我们要徒步行走长达将近两周的时间,所以我得提前买一个大背包来装食物和水的补给。(P23)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Which tour do you need to book advance?(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)
②Despite recent (advance) in 3D food printing,the industry has many challenges to overcome.(2018·天津卷)
③Children can become involved in (advance) concepts.
④Besides,filming technology (advance) and more quality films are on offer.
[完成句子]
⑤她决定回到大学提升她的事业,以便能够更好地养活她的家人。
She decided to go back to college and to be able to better support her family.
考点必记
(1)in advance预先;提前
in advance of在……前面;事先
make advances in在……方面取得进步
(2)advance on/towards朝……前进
be advanced to被提拔为……
(3)advanced adj.高等的;先进的;后期的
advancement n.前进;进步;促进;提前;升级
6.supplyvt.提供,供给,补给 n.供应品;供给
[教材原句]Since we’ll be walking for almost two weeks,I’ll need to buy a large backpack in advance to carry my supplies of food and water.因为我们要徒步行走长达将近两周的时间,所以我得提前买一个大背包来装食物和水的补给。(P23)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Many libraries will help you with locally (supply) information about business management.(2020·天津卷)
②He didn’t have food,water,a phone,or other (supply).
③Water is short supply,pollution is worsening,and there is no affordable housing left for them to buy.
[用offer,supply,provide填空]
④He persuaded other people to money for them.
⑤These local citizens have to balance their traditional lifestyle with the lifestyle by the modern French Republic.
⑥In Britain milk is to each house in bottles.
[句式升级]
⑦She offered to lend me her reference books.
=She her reference books.(offer)
=She her reference books me.
=She her reference books.(provide)
=She her reference books me.
考点必记
(1)supply sth to sb=supply sb with sth给某人提供某物
(2)be in short supply供应短缺
[易混辨析]
supply,provide与offer
(1)supply v.供给;补给 supply+gas,water,etc.用在公用事业方面的居多,着重表示替换或补足所需之物,满足要求;还可用作名词,意为“供给(量),物资,存货”。
(2)provide v.供给,提供;装备 provide+services,etc.强调有预见,并通过储存或准备的方式为某事做准备,以在需要的时候提供所需物品。
常用搭配:provide sb with sth/provide sth for sb
(3)offer v.提出,提供;呈现;出价 offer+drink,paper,etc.向别人提供帮助、服务或物品,可能是对方要求的也可能是自己主动提供的。
常用搭配:offer to help sb/offer sb sth/offer sth to sb
7.scarevt.使恐惧,惊吓
[教材原句]Our guides will have guns with them for defence—they can use the guns to scare the animals away if they come too near.我们的导游将随身带枪用来防御,如果动物靠我们太近,导游就可以用枪将它们吓跑。(P23)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①It was a fun thing but I was (scare) from the start.
②What scare you gave me,appearing suddenly in the dark!
③Our plane ran into a thunderstorm over the Atlantic Ocean and bumped so hard that I was scared to (die).
④It was (scare).I knew it was the difference between life and death.
[完成句子]
⑤有时像这样的噪音会把熊吓跑。
Sometimes loud noises like these will .
考点必记
(1)scare...away/off把……吓跑
scare sb into doing sth威胁某人做某事
scare sb out of doing sth威胁某人不要做某事
(2)scared adj.害怕的
be scared of/to do...害怕……
be scared to death吓得要死
be scared that...害怕……
(3)scary adj.可怕的,吓人的
(4)scare n.惊恐;恐慌
8.upclose靠近地,近距离地(相当于closely)
[教材原句]I really want to see an elephant upclose,and Colin wants to see a giraffe.我真的很想近距离地看大象,科林则想看长颈鹿。(P23)
语境巧练
[用closedown,closeup,upclose填空]
①When he looked at the paintings ,he saw brush strokes,texture and fields of colour.
②The company has decided to its three branches in Europe.
③We mustn’t the old well.It’s too dangerous.
考点必记
(1)get/be close to靠近 close down倒闭,使停止
close up关闭,靠近
(2)up to达到
[写作佳句]
Ten-year-old boy Newton has invented a time machine to see dinosaurs upclose.十岁的牛顿发明了一个近距离观看恐龙的时光机器。
9.tiringadj.让人疲劳的,累人的
[教材原句]Mountain climbing can be very tiring,and many people feel sick as the atmosphere gets thinner,so Colin and I will make sure that we get plenty of rest.登山可能会让人觉得非常疲惫,而且当空气越来越稀薄的时候,很多人会感到恶心,所以,科林和我将确保我们能够得到充分的休息。(P23)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①There is nothing more (tire) than not succeeding.
②I was just too (tire) and not in the mood.
③He was tired the long walking.As a result,he didn’t go to the concert.
④I was getting tired all his negative remarks.
⑤He was tired ,and he slept more soundly than usual.
[句式升级]
⑥I am bored with watching television.Let’s go for a walk.
=I am watching television.Let’s go for a walk.
=I am watching television.Let’s go for a walk.
考点必记
(1)tire vt.使……疲惫;使……厌烦 vi.厌烦,疲劳
tire out使精疲力竭
(2)tiresome adj.令人厌烦的,烦人的
(3)tired adj.感到疲倦的
be tired of sth/sb
=be sick of sth/sb
=be bored with sth/sb对……感到厌倦;对……感到厌烦
get tired of变得厌倦
be tired of doing sth厌倦/厌烦做某事
be tired from/with因……而感到疲劳
be tired out精疲力竭
10.beabouttodo...when...正要做某事,这时(突然)
[教材原句]Colin wasabouttogetoff the camel when a child ran towards him.科林刚要从骆驼上下来,这时一个小孩儿向他跑来。(P30)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①I was really disappointed and about (leave) when he walked out of a building.
②Tom was to close the window when his attention was caught by a bird.
③They (play) football on the playground when it rained.
④She was on the point of leaving her house one of her friends came.
[完成句子]
⑤他一遍又一遍地哼,你都快疯了。(2020·天津卷)
He hums it ,and you go crazy.
考点必记
本句含有“be about to do...when...”句式,表示“正要做某事,这时(突然……)”。when在此为并列连词,意为“就在这(那)时”。
when常用于以下句型:
was/were doing...when...正在做……这时(突然)……
was/were on the point of doing...when...刚要做……这时(突然)……
had just done...when...刚做完……这时……
11.viewn.观看;视野;景色;观点 vt.看;(彻底地)检查,考虑;仔细观看,查看
[教材原句]Take a night train to Fenghuang to view a traditional way of life.乘夜班火车去凤凰,观看一种传统生活的方式。(P33)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①She waved until the train was of view.
② my view,it was a waste of time.
③In view the above-mentioned facts,we wish to make the following proposals.
④You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point view.
[用view,scene,scenery或sight填空]
⑤The from the back of the classroom was also splendid.
⑥All the way we were chatting,singing and laughing,enjoying the fresh air and the beautiful .
⑦The Public Square is an eye-catching of the city.
⑧At the end of the story,my mind continued the final of the reunion.
考点必记
(1)be in view=be in sight在视野中
be on view=be on show在展览,在陈列着
in view of鉴于,考虑到,由于
in one’s view=in one’s opinion在某人看来
point of view观点
come into view进入视野
out of view不在视野中
(2)view...as...将……视为……
[易混辨析]
view,sight,scenery与scene
view指在远处或高处以人的角度看到的景色(scenery)的一部分。
sight风景,名胜,多用复数形式,指人文景观。
scenery集合名词,指某地区的整体风景,是由多个风景(scene)构成的景色。
scene普通名词,指一眼可以浏览的风景,不限于自然景色。
12.buryvt.埋葬,掩埋;隐藏
[教材原句]Take a bus to Qufu,where Confucius was buried.乘公交车去曲阜,那里有孔子的墓地。(P33)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①I was looking for my handbag,which (bury) under a pile of old newspapers.
②Once he buried (he) in something,he would close his ears to anything else.
③Because she was buried her study,she wasn’t aware that all the others had left.
[句式升级]
④Because she buried herself in the film,she didn’t know it was snowing outside.
= ,she didn’t know it was snowing outside.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
= ,she didn’t know it was snowing outside.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
考点必记
(1)be buried in=bury oneself in
=devote oneself to/be devoted to埋头于……;专心于……
be buried alive被活埋
(2)burial n.埋葬
(3)“专心于;致力于”的多种表达:
concentrate on focus on
be addicted to be absorbed in
be devoted to be lost in
be engaged in
13.spotn.地点,场所;斑点 v.发现
[教材原句]There were arguments over which tourist spot would win the name of Shangri-la.人们为哪个旅游景点应该获得香格里拉的美名而争论不休。(P38)
语境巧练
[写出句中spot的含义]
①On the way,we spotted a man holding a piece of paper.
②The police caught the thief on the spot.
③There is a white skirt with red spots.
[单句填空]
④China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
考点必记
on the spot=on the scene当场;立即
spot sb doing sth发现某人正在做某事
[写作佳句]
After spotting a wallet on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down,he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the owner to return.(2018·北京卷)
当他发现在一辆停着的放下车窗的汽车前排座位上有一个钱包之后,他在大雨里站了两个小时,等待它的主人归来。
14.announcevt.通告,宣告
[教材原句]In September 1997,the government of Yunnan Province announced that Zhongdian was the Shangri-la of Hilton’s story.1997年9月,云南省政府宣称,中甸就是希尔顿小说中的香格里拉。(P38)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Share library (announce) on your social media.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)
②He announced his resignation staff members on Wednesday.
③So far,it (announce) officially that he will pay a second visit to China soon.
[句式升级]
④The government announced that the number of primary schools in that city had grown to 114.
= by the government that the number of primary schools in that city had grown to 114.
考点必记
(1)announce for 宣布参加竞选/支持(某人)
announce sth to sb向某人宣布某事
It’s announced that...据宣布……
(2)announcement n.宣告,发表
make an announcement 发通知
announcer n.广播员,报幕员
[名师指津]
announce后不跟双宾语,即不能说announce sb sth,而是说announce sth to sb。类似不接双宾语的动词还有:explain,say,report,describe,suggest,mention,express等。
15.reflectvt.反射;映出;思考;反省
[教材原句]Below the mountains,the sunshine reflects on the many lakes,making them shine like diamonds against the rich countryside.山脚下,阳光照在许多湖面上,使这些湖在富饶的乡村景色的映衬下如钻石般闪耀。(P38)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①All riders are equipped with (reflect) vests and safety lights.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)
②The passage can be seen as the author’s (reflect) upon a particular life experience.
③I need time to reflect your offer.
[完成句子]
④当小船在河上轻轻移动时,山在水中的静静的倒影使他说不出话来。(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)
As the small boat moved gently along the river he was left speechless by the mountains in the water.
考点必记
(1)reflect...in...在……中反映出/映照出……
reflect on思考;反思
(2)reflection n.反射;反映;思考
be lost in reflection陷入沉思之中
(3)reflective adj.反射的,反光的
16.inharmonywith与……融洽,和睦
[教材原句]In this peaceful land,people live in perfect harmonywith nature,far away from the noise and worry of the outside world.在这片宁静的土地上,人们远离外界的喧嚣和烦恼,与大自然和谐相处。(P38)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①I enjoy the harmony colour in nature.
②Your suggestions are not in harmony the aims of this project.
③We are trying to build a (harmony) society.
[完成句子]
④人类生活被认为是自然的一部分,因此我们生存的唯一方式就是要与自然和谐相处。
Human life is regarded as part of nature and,as such,the only way for us to survive is to live .
考点必记
(1)the/a harmony of...……的协调/统一
live/work in harmony (with sb) (与某人)一起生活/工作得十分融洽
(2)harmonize v.协调,和谐
harmonious adj.和谐的
随堂巩固迁移运用
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.A lot of children at the school do not live in the town,but come in from the (surround) countryside.
2.He said he was just too (scare) to go up to her.
3.The president made an unexpected (announce) this morning.
4.The key witness to the accident was offered police (protect) after she received death threats.
5.The (explore) for new sources of energy is vital for the future of our planet.
6.She found her necklace (bury) beneath a pile of leaves.
7.I wish I (be) at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday,but I was on a business trip in New York then.
8.The children have made (arrange) for their trip to Hong Kong.
9.He was about to leave the office for home someone knocked at the door and asked for some help.
Ⅱ.短语填空
in case,in advance,up close,reflect on,in harmony with
1.Only when everything is its surroundings can it be called beauty.
2.It’s cheaper if you book the tickets .
3.How I wish I could make a journey into space and see the stars .
4.Human beings should their position in the universe.
5.I suggest you keep some candles at home the building has a power failure.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1.In case should you tell anybody about this.
2.Sally worked late in the evening to finish her report so that her boss reads it the next morning.
3.It is the first time that I had ever been abroad.
4.Burying in the film,she didn’t hear the sound.
5.Cowles loved the story and bought it on spot.
6.The pool is surrounding by beautiful circular paths.
Ⅳ.话题微写作
写作内容提示
1.校长安排我下周末带外教去参观附近的一个旅游景点。(tourist spot)
2.我决定去猛洞河漂流。(white-water rafting)
3.我先制定了一个出行计划,早上8:00出发,9:30到达目的地。(schedule)
4.我们需要提前做好充分准备。(in advance)
5.我们要遵守景点规定,服从救生员的指挥,穿好救生衣,戴好头盔。(life jacket)
连句成文(参考上述提示,通过合理想象整合成一篇短文)
请完成【高考题型·组合规范练】
Unit3 Amazingpeople
(主题语境:人与社会——历史、社会与文化)
核心考点课堂突破
1.curiousadj.好奇的,求知欲强的
[教材原句]...he was bright and curious about the world outside his home town.……他天资聪颖,对家乡外面的世界充满了好奇。(P42)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Filled with (curious),the artist packed his bags and left.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)
② is curious that she left without saying goodbye.
③I saw a tall man with glasses entering the room and decided to follow him of curiosity.
④The people in the hall seemed very nosy(爱窥探的),keeping their eyes on me curiosity.(2018·天津卷)
⑤She seemed to be curious what he was doing.
[句式升级]
⑥He was curious about Australian cities,so he read the book written by Dr Johnson.(用形容词作状语)
= ,he read the book written by Dr Johnson.
考点必记
(1)be curious about...对……好奇
be curious to (do)...极想(做)……,很想(做)……,渴望(做)……
It is curious that...……是奇怪的。(从句中可用陈述语气,也可用“should+动词原形”,should可省略)
(2)curiosity n.好奇心
out of curiosity出于好奇
with curiosity好奇地
(3)curiously adv.=with curiosity好奇地
2.fortunen.大笔的钱,财富;运气
[教材原句]Inside the tombs,he discovered a great fortune in jewels and gold,along with the preserved bodies of dead kings.在那些陵墓里,他发现了大量珠宝、黄金和已故国王们经过处理保存下来的遗体。(P42)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
① (fortune),after a brief stay in hospital,Ben was well enough to be allowed to leave and later the family met up for dinner.(2018·全国Ⅱ卷)
②He would laugh the loudest over fun and be the saddest over anyone’s (fortune).
③Getty made large fortune in his life,but he gave his money to the art world because he wanted people to learn about and love art.
[完成句子]
④他有幸和一些世界顶级运动员一起训练。
He to train with some of the world’s top athletes.
考点必记
(1)make a/one’s fortune 发财
try/seek one’s fortune 碰运气;寻出路
have the fortune to do sth有幸做某事
tell fortune算命,占卜
by fortune由于运气
(2)misfortune n.不幸;灾祸
fortunate adj.幸运的
unfortunate adj.不幸的;可怜的
fortunately adv.幸运地
unfortunately adv.不幸运地
[写作佳句]
They are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.它们是好运和财富的象征。(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)
3.preservev.保存,保藏,储存
[教材原句]Inside the tombs,he discovered a great fortune in jewels and gold,along with the preserved bodies of dead kings.在那些陵墓里,他发现了大量珠宝、黄金和已故国王们经过处理保存下来的遗体。(P42)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①For many older people,driving is important for (preserve) their independence.
②As we all know,the police are responsible for the (preserve) of law and order.
③With the limited natural resources,we should take action to preserve them being wasted.
[完成句子]
④他说,他听到了保护这些箱子的呼声,也看到了其中一些被列为历史建筑的过程。(2020·江苏卷)
He said that he had heard the calls and had seen how some of them were listed as historic buildings.
考点必记
(1)preserve...from...=protect...from...保护……免受……
be well preserved (人)保养得很好
(2)preservation n.保护,保存;保留,维持
in good preservation处于良好的保存状态
[名师指津]
preserve的基本意思是“保持”,指把某物“收藏”或“保存”好,强调要采取措施使某物完好无损或质量不变,可用于有形物,也可用于无形物。引申可表示“维持”。用作动词时,只用作及物动词,接名词、代词作宾语。
4.comeacross(偶然)遇见或发现;被理解
[教材原句]There,they cameacross the tomb of King Tutankhamun.就是在那个地方他们偶然发现了国王图坦卡蒙的陵墓。(P42)
语境巧练
[用come的相关短语完成句子]
①It looks as if interest rates will (下落) again this month.
②Maybe you could (顺便来访)when you have time.
③To some extent,what you (提出) is practical.
④She (苏醒过来) three hours after the operation.
⑤That magazine (出版) once a month.
⑥The argument (发生) because they were talking about politics.
⑦It is eleven o’clock and Father is likely to (回来) at any moment.
[句式升级]
⑧You are very likely to meet (with) large wild animals,too.
=You are very likely to large wild animals,too.
考点必记
come about发生;产生
come along随同;进展;出现
come back回来;想起来;复活
come down下来;下落
come down to到达;从一处来到另一处
come into being形成;产生
come off脱落;从……离开
come out露出;出来;出现;出版;发(芽);开(花)
come over从一地来到另一地;顺便来访
come to来到;出现;提及;达到;共计
come to an end结束,终止
come to life(变得)活泼;苏醒过来
come to oneself苏醒过来,恢复知觉
come to/into power当权,上台
come up被提及;发生;上升,抬头
come up with提出,想出(主意),找出(答案);赶上
5.contentn.内容,目录;满足;容量 adj.满足的
vt.使满足
[教材原句]Afterwards,all of its contents would go into a museum.然后,里面的所有东西都将进入博物馆。(P42)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①We (应该满足于) what we already have.
②My apology seemed to (使他感到满意).
[小情境写作]
③像伽利略一样,历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇,并不满地问:“为什么?”为什么?为什么?”(2020·天津卷)
Like Galileo,all the great names and asked ,“Why?Why?Why?”
考点必记
(1)content oneself with使(某人自己)对……感到满足
be content to do sth满足于做某事
be/feel content with对……满足/满意
(2)discontent n.不满 adj.不满的
in discontent不满地
6.disturbv.搅乱,弄乱,打扰,扰乱,使(人)心神不宁(常用被动语态)
[教材原句]When a tomb is opened,fresh air disturbs the viruses.一旦打开陵墓,(外界的)新鲜空气就会搅动这些病毒。(P43)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①You can work here without any (disturb).
[用disturb,bother,interrupt与trouble填空]
②I am sorry to you,but can you tell me the time?
③Stop me;I am talking to your mother.
④She was to hear of/about her mother’s sudden illness.
⑤It me to betray my family or friends.
⑥I wonder why she to set such a feast for me.
[一句多译]
她意识到自己孤单一人,心里很不安。
⑦ to realize that she was alone.(disturb)
⑧ to realize that she was alone.(disturbed)
考点必记
(1)It disturbs sb to do sth做某事使某人不安
(2)disturbed adj.困扰的
be disturbed about/by/at对……感到不安
(3)disturbing adj.令人不安的,引起烦恼的
(4)disturbance n.干扰;骚乱
[易混辨析]
disturb,bother,interrupt与trouble
disturb主动语态里指无意“干扰”;被动语态里则指程度较深的“烦恼”,也指打破平静、秩序等,甚至表示心理、精神方面失常;
bother主动语态里指有意“烦扰”;被动语态里则指暂时的、无关紧要的“打扰”;
interrupt指打扰或打断正在说话的人;
trouble指因麻烦别人所造成的不便。
7.resultin导致,造成
[教材原句]If breathed in,they can resultin illness or even death.如果这些病毒被吸入体内,它们就可能导致疾病,甚至死亡。(P43)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①However,they have real impacts,as they result misguided use of scarce resources.(2019·江苏卷)
②Now we are about to finish our long journey a result of these efforts.
[句式升级]
③As a result of his laziness without trying his best,he failed the exam.
=He didn’t work hard. ,he failed the exam.
=He didn’t work hard,which his failure in the exam.
=He failed the exam,which his laziness without trying his best.
考点必记
(1)result in=cause=lead to=contribute to导致;造成
result from产生于……,由……引起
(2)as a result 结果
as a result of...由于……
without result毫无结果地
[易混辨析]
result from与result in
result from意为“因……发生;由……引起”;result in意为“导致;带来”。
As we all know,smoking often results in lung diseases.
=As we all know,lung diseases often result from smoking.
众所周知,吸烟常常让人患上肺病。
8.inspirevt.启迪,赋予灵感;鼓舞,激励
[教材原句]Do you want to inspire students with your experiences?你想用自己的经历来激励学生吗?(P53)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①The possibility has always inspired scientists (explore) the outer space.(2018·天津卷)
②Do you have an (inspire) or life-changing story to tell?
③He left a deep impression on me and gave me the (inspire) to pick up my pen again.
[小话题写作]
④上周,无人驾驶的嫦娥4号探测器在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。该探测器的名字来源于中国古代的一位月亮女神。(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)—the name by an ancient Chinese moon goddess—touched down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
考点必记
(1)inspire sb to sth激励某人获得某物
inspire sb to do sth激励某人做某事
inspire sth in sb=inspire sb with sth使某人产生某种感情,激发某人的某种感情
(2)inspired adj.有创意的,有灵感的
inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的,激发灵感的
(3)inspiration n.灵感
9.discouragevt.使灰心,使气馁;阻止,劝阻
[教材原句]Even though some of the gorillas were quite dangerous,this did not discourage Dian.尽管有些大猩猩非常危险, 但是这却没有让Dian退缩。(P57)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Yet instead of (discourage) by my slow progress,I was excited.
②It is a (discourage) to me.
③He (discourage) by the unsuccessful attempt.
[句式升级]
④Today,Lucy wants to see if African honeybees might stop elephants from eating crops.
=Today,Lucy wants to see if African honeybees might elephants from eating crops.
考点必记
(1)discourage...from...阻止……做……,使……丧失(做)……的信心
(2)discouraged adj.泄气的,沮丧的
be discouraged by因……而泄气
(3)discouragement n.挫折
[用法点拨]
表示“阻止某人做某事”的表达还有:prevent/stop/keep sb from doing sth。
10.without...表示含蓄条件
[教材原句]Without her work,there would be very few mountain gorillas left today.要是没有她的工作,今天就只剩下很少的山地大猩猩了。(P57)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Without his wartime experiences,Hemingway (write) his famous novel AFarewelltoArms.
②Without your help,I (become)a doctor.
③Without the teacher’s praise,I (make) so much progress.
[完成句子]
④ (没有他的帮助),we wouldn’t be where we are now.
⑤Without the elevator, (就不会有高层建筑).
考点必记
Without her work用来表示一种假设,表示与实际情况相反,这种条件称为含蓄条件。该句也可换成if引导的非真实条件句:If it hadn’t been for her work,...
(1)当句中有这种含蓄条件句时,主句谓语动词的变化如下:
①表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用“would/could/should/might+动词原形”。
②表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用“would/could/should/might+have+动词-ed形式”。
③表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用“would/could/should/might+动词原形”。
(2)类似without能够表示含蓄条件的词语还有but for(要不是),otherwise(否则),or(否则)等。
11.desiren.渴望,欲望,渴求 vt.希望得到,想要
[教材原句]He always had a strong desire to learn how to fly.他一直强烈渴望学习如何飞行。(P58)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Few people I know seem to have much desire or time (cook).(2018·浙江卷)
②Therefore,there is the desire their dorms to be replacement homes.
③Whatever our circumstances,we still have dreams,hopes and (desire).
[一句多译]
我们渴望立即给予被洪水围困的当地村民帮助。
④We desire that immediate help to the local villagers who have been trapped by the flood.
⑤We immediate help to the local villagers who have been trapped by the flood.
考点必记
(1)desire to do sth想要做某事
desire sb to do sth想要某人做某事
(2)have a desire for sth/to do sth渴望(做)某事
have no desire for sth/to do sth不想/没有……愿望
satisfy one’s desire满足某人的欲望
(3)desired adj.渴望的,想得到的
(4)desirable adj.值得要的,令人向往的
[用法点拨]
desire后跟宾语从句、同位语从句或表语从句时,从句谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”,在美式英语中多用动词原形。
12.applyvt.涂,敷;应用,运用;(后常接oneself)使致力(于),使专心从事(+to) vi.申请;应用,使用;适用
[教材原句]In 1998,he applied to be a member of Project 921,which is now called Shenzhou.1998年,他申请成为“921计划”(现名“神舟”)的成员。(P58)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Today,Paris is back on the softball team.Taylor will apply college soon.
②My brother is one of the many (apply) for the job.
③He has devoted himself to (apply) chemistry in the past 20 years.
④The new invention should be widely (apply) to practice.
[小话题写作]
⑤一个年轻人上个月给一家公司写了求职信,希望能找到一份新工作。被雇用后,他把在大学里学到的知识应用到工作中去。让老板高兴的是,他总是专心工作,从来没有考虑过再申请一份新工作。
A young man wrote to a firm last month,hoping to get a new job.After being employed,he his job.Much to the delight of the boss,he was always work and never considered another one.
考点必记
(1)apply for申请,请求
apply to sb/sth...向某人/某物申请……
apply...to...把……运用到……中去;将……涂抹到……上面
apply oneself to专心致志于
(2)applicant n.申请人
application n.申请;应用
applied adj.应用的,实用的
applicable adj.适宜的,合适的(通常不用于名词前)
appliance n.家用电器;器具
13.Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分
[教材原句]Although Yang did not get the best scores on every single test,itwas his high scores on the psychological tests that finally won him the status of China’s first astronaut.尽管杨利伟并不是每项测试都得了最高分,但他的各项心理测试所得的高分使他最终赢得了中国首位宇航员的身份。(P58)
语境巧练
[改写句子]
I met him in the countryside last year by accident.
① .(强调主语)
② .(强调宾语)
③ .(强调地点状语)
④ .(强调时间状语)
⑤ .(强调方式状语)
考点必记
(1)强调句型的基本结构为:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分(若被强调的是人,可用that或who;若被强调的部分是其他时,一律用that)。另外要注意:强调句型不能用来强调谓语动词,对谓语动词的强调一般是在动词前加do,does,did。
(2)强调句的一般疑问句结构为:Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who...?
(3)强调句的特殊疑问句结构为:特殊疑问词+is/was it+that...?
(4)对not...until...句型中的时间状语(从句)进行强调时的结构为:It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其他部分。
14.incontrol(of)掌管/控制……
[教材原句]Yang was described by his superiors as hard-working and always incontrolof himself.杨利伟的领导们将他描述为一个勤奋刻苦、总能自控的人。(P58)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Enemy forces are control of the city.
②Owing to circumstances our control,the flight to Rome has been cancelled.
③She used diet and exercise to bring her weight control.
[句式升级]
④He is in control of the club.
=The club .
⑤He lost control of his car.
=His car .
考点必记
(1)be in/out of control受控制/失去控制
get out of control (动作)失去控制
lose control of失去对……的控制
keep/bring/get sth under control控制某物
under/beyond one’s control在……管理之内/外
take control of控制
A is in control of B=B is in the control of A A指挥B
(2)control oneself自我控制
15.lookupto敬佩;尊重,尊敬
[教材原句]The people of China can be proud of Yang Liwei,and young people all over the world can lookupto him as an example of a man who managed to live his dream.中国人民可以以杨利伟为骄傲,全世界的年轻人也会将他视为努力实现梦想的榜样。(P58)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①I like to look back my high school days,which were the happiest in my life.
②We’re so much looking forward seeing you again.
③She looked her notes before the examination.
④The local police are looking the case.
⑤Look the time of the next train in the timetable.
⑥We should look up him for his devotion to the work.
考点必记
look back on回顾过去 look after照看,照顾
look around/about环顾四周 look down on轻视
look for寻找 look into调查
look forward to盼望 look on旁观,观望
look out(for)留意,当心 look up查找;向上看
look on/upon...as...把……看作……
look over检查,查看;从……上面看过去
look through浏览,翻阅;仔细检查,查看
随堂巩固迁移运用
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.It’s (desire) that all the humans be treated equally.
2.The new technology was (apply) to farming.
3.Children are often full of (curious) and they take great interest in everything.
4.The accident caused a large number of (death).
5.He thought about all of the (survive) shows he had watched on TV.
6.Don’t be (discourage).Take things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life.
7.When (apply) for a job,you should highlight your experience and skills.
8.The young man was glad that his experience as a cook in the army finally (pay) off.
9. (fortunate),that rickety old sled (雪橇) they used couldn’t hold up and they crashed.
10.He is a naughty boy and his classmates are often (disturb) by him in class.
Ⅱ.短语填空
look up to,be curious about,come across,in control of,result in
1.The boy everything he saw.
2.I really her because she is so talented.
3.Nobody knows who is the club.
4.The other day I my former colleague in the department store.
5.More and more noise pollution has many species dying out.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1.Not only the students but also the teacher is against the plan yesterday.
2.I have always looked up Bill for his courage and determination.
3.I come across an old school friend in Oxford Street this morning.
4.Those policies resulted from many elderly people suffering hardship.
5.In 2004,when my daughter Becky was ten,she and my husband,Joe,were united in their desire a dog.
6.The book is superior than that one.
Ⅳ.话题微写作
写作内容提示
1.你看过《跟着贝尔去冒险》(SurvivorGames)这个节目吗?(watch)
2.节目中的主持人是英国人Bear Grylls。(host)
3.他好奇心极强,喜欢去一些新地方探险。(curiosity,explore)
4.在节目中,他带领其他嘉宾野外求生,去大峡谷、茂密的树林等人迹罕至的地方。(survival)
5.偶遇野兽也是常有的事,在条件恶劣的情况下,他们不得不生吞蛇和老鼠等。我非常敬佩他。(come across,look up to)
连句成文(参考上述提示,通过合理想象整合成一篇短文)
请完成【高考题型·组合规范练】
Unit1 Theworldofoursenses
(主题语境:人与自我——生活与学习)
核心考点课堂突破
1.状语从句的省略
[教材原句]Onceout in the street,she walked quickly towards her usual bus stop.一到街上,她就快步走向平时乘车的汽车站台。(P2)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Once his message (deliver),he allowed me to stay and watch.(2018·全国Ⅲ卷)
[句式升级]
②Once he is buried in reading a book,he will forget everything around him.
=Once in reading a book,he will forget everything around him.
③Generally speaking,a new product will sell better if promoted with an advertising campaign.
=Generally speaking,a new product will sell better if with an advertising campaign.
[完成句子]
④The boy is running impatiently here and there as if (他在寻找) something lost on the playground.
⑤The girl studies very hard though (她身体还很虚弱).
⑥Observe carefully if any change occurs when (做实验) in the lab.
⑦While (他在等待) there,he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.
考点必记
状语从句的省略
(1)once的意思是“一旦”,引导条件状语从句。如果主从句的主语一致,且从句的谓语部分含有be动词,此时从句的主语和be动词可以同时省略。此句补充完整为:Once she was out in the street,she walked quickly towards her usual bus stop.
(2)当状语从句的主语和谓语是it is (was)时,it is (was)常被省略。
(3)表示时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中,如果从句的主语跟主句的主语一致,就可将从句省略成“连词+分词”形式。“连词 + 现在分词”表示主动;“连词+过去分词”表示被动。
[写作佳句]
①You may turn to the dictionary when (it is) necessary.
必要时你可以借助字典。
②I will not attend his party unless (I am) invited.
如果没有被邀请,我不会参加他的聚会。
2.observevt.看到;注意到;观察;监视;遵守;庆祝;陈述
[教材原句]As Polly observed the passengers on the train,she had a feeling that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark overcoat.当波莉打量地铁车厢里的乘客时,她感到她正被一个穿着黑色大衣的高个子男人注视着。(P2)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①I specialize in zoology,and I am a good (observe).
②He (observe) that Homer was still admired after two thousand years.
③He will make an observation this matter.
④The patient was kept under (observe)all night.
[句式升级]
⑤When I passed his house,I observed him playing in his yard.
=When I passed his house,I observed that in his yard.
⑥We often observed him cheat at cards.
=He at cards.
考点必记
(1)observe sb do/doing sth观察到某人做/正在做某事
observe+that从句/wh-从句观察到……
(2)observation n.观察;评论
under observation 受监视,受观察
make an observation about sth就某事发表评论
(3)observer n.观测者
[用法点拨]
observe与see,watch,hear,listen to,feel等感官动词(短语)用法一样,构成“感官动词+宾语+动词-ing/动词”结构,在变成被动语态时,要恢复被省略的to。如:He observed someone open the door.
→Someone is observed to open the door.
3.insight能看见,在视线内,被见到
[教材原句]There was no one insight.什么人也看不见。(P2)
语境巧练
[用sight的相关短语完成句子]
①And,as in a nightmare,there was nobody (能看见) to help me.
②At the railway station,the mother waved goodbye to her daughter till the train was (看不见).
③ (乍看),it seems a silly question.
④I (看见)my former teacher just now,but he turned at a corner and I (看不见) him.
⑤As he is a brave man,he trembles (一看见……就) snakes.
[完成句子]
⑥一跨进大学大门,你就会看到许多古老的树木和建筑。
As soon as you enter the university gate,you will many old trees and buildings.
考点必记
out of sight 看不见 at first sight 初见;乍看
at the sight of 一看见……就 catch sight of 看见
lose sight of 看不见
lose one’s sight 失明
come into sight 进入视野
[写作佳句]
①The end of the project is almost insight.工程即将结束。
②With a rich harvest insight,we’re full of joy.丰收在望,我们满怀喜悦。
4.approachvt.靠近;着手处理 n.方法;靠近
[教材原句]As she walked along the narrow street,she heard the sound of footsteps approaching,but by the time she reached the corner of the street,the footsteps were gone.当她沿着狭窄的街道行走时,听到了由远及近的脚步声,但当她走到街道拐角处时,脚步声却消失了。(P2)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①In Bellevue,the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new (approach).(2020·浙江卷)
②Suddenly I saw a tall figure (approach) towards the policeman.
③The job market has changed and our approach to (find) work must change as well.
④The snow melted away the approach of noon.
[句式升级]
⑤With the approach of spring,the days begin to draw out quite noticeably.
=With spring ,the days begin to draw out quite noticeably.
考点必记
(1)an approach to(doing) sth……的通道;……的解决方法
make approaches to sb与某人打交道/亲近某人
at the approach of在……快到的时候
(2)approach sb for/about sth和某人接洽/商量某事
[用法点拨]
(1)approach表示“方法,途径”时,后常接介词to;当表示某人或某物来临时,其后常接介词of。
(2)表示“……来临”的表达有:
be approaching
be drawing near
be around the corner
5.hesitatevi.犹豫,迟疑不决
[教材原句]Polly hesitated.At last she answered,‘Hello,I think I’m lost.’波莉犹豫了。最终她还是回答道:“你好,我想我是迷路了。”(P2)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①A few students hesitated (start).
②Seeing the girl struggling in the lake,he threw himself in the icy water hesitation,and saved her from drowning.
[句式升级]
③I would decline the post without hesitation.
=I would the post.
=I wouldn’t the post.
[完成句子]
④如果还有什么我能为你做的,请不要犹豫,直接告诉我。
If there is something else I can do for you,please don’t .
考点必记
(1)hesitate to do sth迟疑做某事;不愿做某事
hesitate about/at/over sth对(做)某事犹豫
(2)hesitation n.踌躇;犹豫
without hesitation 毫不犹豫地
have no hesitation in doing sth毫不犹豫地做某事
[写作佳句]
If you have any other problem,please don’t hesitate to contact me.
如果你有任何问题,别犹豫,马上联系我。
6.reachout伸出(手)
[教材原句]A few seconds later,a hand reachedout and grasped her arm.几秒钟后,一只手伸过来抓住了她的胳膊。(P3)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①She reached her hand to touch his face.
②Put your alarm clock of reach.
③Don’t leave matches or cigarettes on the table the reach of little children.
④He reached out the pictures,but they were beyond his reach.
[完成句子]
⑤我们树立的目标应该在自己的能力范围之内。
The goal that we set should be .
考点必记
(1)reach(out) for伸手够
reach/come to/arrive at an agreement达成协议
(2)above/beyond/out of(one’s) reach手够不到,力所不能及,不能理解
within sb’s reach=within the reach of sb
某人手够得着,某人力所能及
7.find+宾语+宾语补足语
[教材原句]Polly foundherselfstaringupat the face of an old man with a beard.波莉抬头看去,发现是一位长着络腮胡子的老人。(P3)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Since she’d found too much to cope with,she’d taken it out on other people.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)
②When she woke up,she found herself (lie)in hospital.
③We find the story very (interest).
④My husband rushed to their home to find the kind family (hold)all his papers and documents.
[句式升级]
⑤When he arrived,he found all the work had already been finished.
=When he arrived,he found .
考点必记
find+宾语+宾语补足语
句中的find oneself doing结构中,doing作宾语补足语。find除了接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语外,还可以用于:
(1)find+宾语+副词
(2)find+宾语+动词-ed形式
(3)find+宾语+形容词+不定式
(4)find+it+形容词+不定式
(5)find+宾语+介词短语
8.watchout(for)戒备,提防,注意;监视;当心
[教材原句]‘Watchoutfor the step here’.“小心这里的台阶”。(P3)
语境巧练
[用watch的相关短语完成句子]
① (当心) poisonous snakes while hiking in the valley.
②My parents (照看我) day and night while I was ill.
③Every day he climbed to a high rock (去监视).
④As it is the first time that you have bought things online,you’d better (当心) so as not to be taken in.
[完成句子]
⑤登山时,我们必须注意可能发生的危险。
When climbing the mountain,we are required to possible dangers.
考点必记
(1)watch for观察;等候 watch it当心,注意
watch over照看,看守
(2)keep watch注视,监视,放哨
keep a close watch on密切注视,严密监视
on watch值班
[名师指津]
表示“当心,留神”的短语还有:look out,take care,be careful等。
9.anxiousadj.焦虑的,担忧的
[教材原句]‘Of course.You really shouldn’t feel anxious.’He held her hand more firmly.“当然肯定,你真不用担心。”老人将她的手握得更紧了。(P3)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①His (anxious) to go was obvious.
②His anxiety knowledge deserves our praise.
③They were anxious that they (have) all they want.
④ (anxious),she took the dress out of the package and tried it on,only to find it didn’t fit.
⑤Watching him climb up the hill,everybody was breathless anxiety.
⑥I was anxious the children when they didn’t come back home from school.
[句式升级]
⑦She looked at her sick child and was very anxious.(形容词短语作状语)
=She looked at her sick child, .
考点必记
(1)be anxious to do sth渴望做/急切想要做某事
be anxious about sb/sth为某人/某事忧虑、担心
be anxious for sth渴望某事物
be anxious that+从句,表示“渴望”,从句中用虚拟语气,即“(should+)动词原形”
(2)anxiously adv.忧虑地,不安地
(3)anxiety n.焦虑,担忧,担心
anxiety for sth渴望某物
with anxiety 焦虑地
10.reliefn.轻松;宽慰
[教材原句]‘Thank you so much for coming to my aid,’said Polly in relief.‘Would you like to come in and rest for a while?’“非常感谢您来帮忙,”波莉如释重负地说道,“您愿意进屋休息会儿吗?”(P3)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Let’s relieve him his doubts in regard to this matter.
②Whatever it is,make sure it’s a relief daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
③Much our relief,the car was not damaged.
④He watched relief as the girl nodded.
[完成句子]
⑤你在机器人竞赛(robotics competition)中获得过一等奖,如果你能加入我们的团队我们会感到很安心。
You have won first prize in a robotics competition and to see that you join our team.
考点必记
(1)(much) to one’s relief令某人感到(非常)宽慰/庆幸的是
with relief释然,松了一口气
a sense of relief一种解脱感
relief from sth(痛苦、忧虑等)减轻或解除
(2)relieve v.解除,减轻
relieve sb of...解除某人的(负担、痛苦等)
(3)relieved adj.放心的
11.recognizevt.认识;辨认出;意识到;(正式)承认
[教材原句]One explanation is that women’s sense of smell is better developed than that of men,and is linked to recognizing the smell of babies.一种解释是,女人的嗅觉比男人的灵敏,这与辨认出婴儿的气味有关。(P9)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①James Brindley is recognized one of the leading early canal engineers.
② in public has brought her much trouble,so she is always wearing dark glasses to avoid .(recognize)
[完成句子]
③我们不会说当地的语言,不知道当地的风俗,而且常常不完全认识食物。(2020·江苏卷)
We did not speak the local language,did not know the customs,and more often than not,did not entirely .
④人们认识到,大多数消费者可以根据排名找到一个让他们满意的产品。
most consumers can find a satisfactory product according to the ratings.
考点必记
(1)recognize sb 认出某人
It is widely /generally recognized that...普遍认为……
recognize...as/to be承认……是
be recognized as被公认为……
(2)recognition n.认识,认出
out of/beyond recognition认不出来
[写作佳句]
China’s image is improving steadily,with more countries recognizing its role in international affairs.(2019·江苏卷)
随着越来越多的国家意识到中国在国际事务中的地位,中国的形象正在稳步提高。
12.ignorevt.忽视;对……不予理会
[教材原句]It is added that while our sense of sight is used too much,our senses of touch and smell have been ignored.另外,尽管我们的视觉使用频繁,但是我们的触觉和嗅觉往往遭到忽视。(P11)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Sometimes (ignore) and negative outlooks on situations can create anger.(2018·北京卷)
②He is (ignore) of even the most elementary facts.
[完成句子]
③然而,消费者在购物时不应忽视消费排名的重要性。
However,consumers shouldn’t the ratings while shopping.
考点必记
(1)ignorance n.无知
be in ignorance of/about sth无知;不了解某事
be out of/through ignorance出于无知
(2)ignorant adj.无知的,愚昧的
be ignorant of/about sth不知道某事
13.attachvt.把……附在……上;使连在一起;认为……重要
[教材原句]During the operation,Mr Liu had a new hand attached.手术中,刘先生安装了假肢。(P16)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①The hospital (附属于)that university.
②You (非常重视)what that man said.
③Long ago builders could have (把木柱子系到石头上) and rolled them across the sand,the scientists say.
[句式升级]
④He is so attached to the network games that he often plays truant(逃课).
= so much,he often plays truant.(现在分词短语作状语)
= that he often plays truant.(倒装句)
= ,he often plays truant.(过去分词短语作状语)
考点必记
(1)attach...to...把……固定到……,把……附在……
attach importance/significance/value to重视;认为……重要/有意义/有价值
attach oneself to sb(有时不受欢迎或未受邀请而)参加,和……在一起
(2)attached adj.附加的,依恋的,爱慕的
be attached to附属于;依恋;爱慕
(3)attachment n.附件;依恋;连接物
[名师指津]
attach...to...中的to是介词,后跟名词或代词作宾语。尤其注意attach importance to在写作中的运用。
14.whispervi.&vt.小声说;私下说 n.私语;谣传
[教材原句]‘My goodness,’Sandy whispered,as she stepped back.Sandy后退一步,轻声道:“天啊!”(P17)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①His teacher,Thomas Whaley,is next to him, (whisper) support.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)
②I did not dare to speak aloud or even whisper Alison what was in my mind.
③I’ve heard whisper that he’s going to resign.
考点必记
whisper to sb 与某人耳语;小声说
in a whisper/whispers低声地
whisper to sb that...小声对某人说……
It is whispered that...有传言说……
15.reducevt.&vi.减少
[教材原句]To reduce the risk of a shark attack,you should follow these suggestions.为了降低鲨鱼攻击的风险,你要遵循下面这些建议。(P18)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Our price has already been closely calculated.There is no room for (reduce).
②She reduced her weight five kilograms.
③A heavy fire reduced 90 percent of the houses ashes.
[完成句子]
④发光的植物可以缩短这段距离,从而有助于节约能源。(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
Glowing plants could and therefore help save energy.
考点必记
(1)reduce sth to...把……减少到……
reduce sth by...把……减少了……
reduce sb to...把某人(从某级别或职位)降至……
(2)reduction n.减少;缩小
[写作佳句]
She visits a different home each week and... offers top tips on how to reduce food waste...(2018·全国Ⅰ卷,阅读理解)
她一周拜访一户家庭……提供怎样减少食品垃圾的好建议……
16.attractvt.吸引
[教材原句]Do not wear bright clothing or jewellery,because sharks are attracted to the flash of colours and bright objects.不要穿鲜亮的衣服或佩戴珠宝首饰,因为鲨鱼会被闪光的颜色和明亮物体吸引。(P18)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an (attract) activity.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
② (attract) by the beautiful scenery of the West Lake,they decided to stay there for another two weeks.
③The Great Wall is such a famous tourist (attract) that millions of people pour in every year.
[小话题写作]
④另一方面,中国有着悠久的历史和灿烂的文化。对于那些热衷于任何中国货的人来说,它一直有一种吸引力。
For another,China enjoys .It has always for those who anything that is Chinese.
考点必记
(1)attract one’s attention引起某人的注意
attract sb to...把某人吸引到……
(2)attractive adj.诱人的;有吸引力的
be attractive to...对……有吸引力
(3)attraction n.吸引;吸引力;吸引人的事物
a tourist attraction旅游景点
(4)attractively adv.有魅力地,有吸引力地
17.calmadj.镇静的,沉着的,平静的 vt.&vi.使平静,使镇静
[教材原句]Keep calm.Do not panic.保持冷静。不要慌张。(P18)
语境巧练
[用quiet,still,silent或calm填空]
①Please keep while I take photos of you.
②Keep about the matter.
③Do keep in time of danger.
④Please keep when you are listening to your teachers.
[完成句子]
⑤低沉、柔和的声音帮助紧张的女孩平静下来。(2020·天津卷)
The deep,gentle voice helped .
考点必记
(1)calm down平静下来;镇静下来
keep calm保持镇定
(2)calmness n.镇静
(3)quiet“宁静的,安静的”,指环境安宁
still“静止的,不动的”,指没有动作
silent“寂静的,沉默的,不发音的”,指不讲话、无声
calm“(人)平静的,镇定的;天气平静,无风,海无浪”,指心绪安宁、平静等
18.likelyadj.可能的 adv.很可能
[教材原句]Don’t be frightened by sharks:you are 30 times more likely to be hit by lightning than be attacked by a shark.不要害怕鲨鱼,你被闪电击中的概率要比受到鲨鱼袭击的概率大三十倍。(P18)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①When she comes to trust you,she’ll (更有可能) open up to you.
②If you find something you love doing outside of the office,you’ll (极少有可能) bring your work home.
[句式升级]
③That means it is likely that the price will go down because of the competition.
=That means because of the competition.
考点必记
(1)be likely to (do)...可能(做)……
It is likely that...可能……
It is possible(for sb)to do...某人可能做……
It is possible that...可能……
It is probable that...可能……
(2)not likely 不会;不可能
[用法点拨]
likely作表语时,其主语可以是人也可以是物;possible和probable作表语时,只能用形式主语it。
19.倍数表达法
[教材原句]...you are 30timesmore likely to be hit by lightning than be attacked by a shark.……你被闪电击中的概率要比受到鲨鱼袭击的概率大三十倍。(P18)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①We have produced by now three times (一样多的电脑) as we did last year.
②China’s population is more than (100倍多) than that of their country.
③China is almost (2倍大) of their country in area.
④The length of the road is double (三年前的).
⑤This big stone is (重量的3倍) that one.
⑥Our new school stadium covers an area of about 400 square meters, (是旧体育馆的三倍大).
⑦As long as you devote (比以前多两倍的时间和精力),I believe you are sure to make great progress.
考点必记
倍数表达法
英语中表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样,常见的有以下5种:
(1)A is N times as long/wide/high/large/deep...as B.
(2)A is N times the length/width/height/size/depth...of B.
(3)A is N times+what从句.
(4)A has increased/decreased/reduced/gone up/risen...by N times.
[写作佳句]
①The dictionary is almost fivetimesas expensive as that one.这本字典比那本差不多贵5倍。
②This rope is more than fivetimesthelengthof that one.这根绳的长度是那根绳的5倍多。
③The dictionary costs threetimeswhat it did before.这本字典的价钱是过去的3倍。
20.employvt.使用,采用;雇用;使忙于,使从事于
n.服务;工作;受雇
[教材原句]During both World War Ⅰ and Ⅱ,pigeons were employed by armies to carry messages to and from the front lines,saving the lives of many soldiers and even helping win some important victories.在第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战期间,鸽子被军方用来和前线往返传递消息,不仅挽救了许多士兵的生命,甚至帮助赢得了一些重要的胜利。(P19)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①This programme,which provides eight weeks of paid (employ) along with training.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)
②Creating an atmosphere in which (employ) feel part of a team is a big challenge.
③They could look at the city as an (employ) who paid her citizens for doing her work.
④She was employed making a list of all the jobs to be done.
考点必记
(1)employ sb as...雇用某人任……
employ sb to do sth雇用某人做某事
be employed in doing sth忙于做某事
in the employ of...受雇于……
(2)employer n.雇主
employee n.雇员;受雇者
employment n.职业;工作;雇用
in employment在工作
employment rate就业率;雇用率
employed workers在职职工;在岗职工
随堂巩固迁移运用
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.If we leave right away, (hopeful),we’ll arrive on time.
2.We may be able to develop more successful treatments for (anxious) and depression.
3.In case you need something,please don’t hesitate (tell) me.
4.When he looked up,he suddenly found himself (surround) by a group of teenagers,who looked at him anxiously.
5.The exhibition last week (attract) more than 10,000 overseas customers from 67 countries and regions in the world.
6.We (wait) here for more than two hours.
7.Watching TV should be a treat for your eyes and (sense).
8.Her head was dreamy and (confuse);all was misty for a moment.
9.Hearing that no one was injured in the bus accident,the mayor smiled relief.
10.He looked up,glanced at them without (recognize),and went on his way.
Ⅱ.短语填空
watch out for,all of a sudden,in relief,come into sight,reach out
1.As the plane came down through the clouds,green fields .
2.When you need help, to the people who care about you.
3.The doctor said I may be sick,and that I must symptoms which can send me to hospital.
4.It hit me that I had forgotten her birthday.
5.I smiled as the last of them hurried out the door.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1.She shut her eyes and wish him to get better.
2.When I woke up,I found myself lie on a bed.
3.I said I should be sick,and that I must watch out symptoms.
4.The land came at sight after we had sailed for ten days.
5.If I am you,I would go with him.
6.The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times as bigger as the present one.
Ⅳ.话题微写作
写作内容提示
1.我最近加入了一个志愿者组织,帮助那些失明的人。(voluntary,aid,sight)
2.为了体验他们的痛苦,我们在黑暗中伸手去找我们需要的东西。(reach out)
3.我们希望更多的人被吸引过来。(attract)
4.让我们一起帮助失明的人,减轻他们的痛苦。(relief)
5.我也希望更多的公司雇用他们,他们会对此善举心存感激的。(employ,grateful)
连句成文(参考上述提示,通过合理想象整合成一篇短文)
请完成【高考题型·组合规范练】
Unit2 Language
(主题语境:人与自我——生活与学习)
核心考点课堂突破
1.bemadeupof由……组成(或构成)
[教材原句]The English language ismadeupof the grammar and vocabulary these people brought to Britain.英语是由这些人带到英国去的语法规则和词汇构成的。(P22)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①The audience for golf and tennis is made up people from the highest income groups in the United States,including many lawyers and business managers.
②As a result,people will eat more food to try to make up that something missing.
③Westerners should take advantage of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make for the drawbacks of Western philosophy.
④They made him as an old man for the last act of the play.
[句式升级]
⑤The research team abroad is made up of 50 people.
=The research team abroad 50 people.
=The research team abroad 50 people.
考点必记
(1)make up形成;组成;构成;虚构;捏造;编造;弥补;补偿;铺床;化妆
be made of/from...由……制成
make it获得成功;准时到达
make for...向……移动;促成……
make sb/sth out看清;分清;辨认清楚
make use of利用
make up for偿还;赔偿;弥补
make up one’s mind 下决心
(2)consist of由……组成(构成)
consist in在于;存在于(相当于lie in)
consist with符合;与……一致
consistent adj.相符的;一致的
be consistent with和……一致/相符
2.occupyvt.占据(时间、空间等);使忙于
[教材原句]Then two Germanic groups from the European mainland—the Angles and the Saxons—occupied Britain.之后,来自欧洲大陆的两个日耳曼部落——盎格鲁人和撒克逊人——占领了不列颠。(P22)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①I suppose I was looking for an (occupy)which was going to be an adventure.
②I had forgotten about it because I had been so occupied other things.
③Teaching and doing homework keep her (occupy)every day.
④Mary was occupied redecorating her house and had no time to attend the party.
[完成句子]
⑤顺便说一句,我正忙于为即将到来的第十三届全运会做准备。
By the way,I the coming 13th National Games.
考点必记
(1)occupy oneself with sth/in doing sth忙于(做)某事
(2)occupied adj.已占用的;无空闲的
be occupied(房间、座位、床位等)被占用;被占有
be occupied (in)doing sth忙于做某事
be occupied with sth从事/忙于某事
(3)occupation n.工作;职业;占据
3.nameafter以……命名
[教材原句]Old English consisted of a mixture of their languages.(Both the English language and the English people are namedafter the Angles;the word Angle was spelt Engle in Old English.) 古英语包括他们语言的组合体。(不但英语而且英国人都要以盎格鲁人命名;单词Angle在古英语中被拼写为Engle。)(P22)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①They (用她妈妈的名字为这个女孩命名).
② (在公正的名义下),all men should be equal before laws.
③Is there anyone (名叫)Dennis Fleming?
④Munro wrote (用……为别名)Saki.
考点必记
in the name of以……的名义;代表某人
by name 名叫……的,凭名字
by the name of 称作;叫作
under the name of用……为别名
[写作佳句]
Paris is namedafter a group of people called Paris.
巴黎是以一个叫巴黎的民族命名的。
4.asidefrom除……之外
[教材原句]Asidefrom place names such as London,very few Celtic words became part of Old English.除了地名,如,伦敦,很少的凯尔特语成为古英语的一部分。(P22)
语境巧练
[用besides,except,asidefrom与exceptfor填空]
①All the students took part in the sports meeting Tom.
②We need three more chairs the two.
③ the ending,it’s a really good film.
[句式升级]
④No one apart from her husband knew about her job.
=No one knew about her job.
⑤Apart from French,he also has to study Japanese.
= ,he also has to study Japanese.
考点必记
[易混辨析]
besides,except,aside from与except for
(1)besides除外的部分包含在内,相当于with/plus/in addition to;
(2)except除外的部分不包含在内,一般表示同类之间的关系,常同nothing,all,none,nobody,any等不定代词以及every连用,相当于without;
(3)aside from兼有besides以及except的用法;
(4)except for指对某种基本情况进行具体的细节方面的修正。指从整体中除去一个细节,一个方面。
5.contributionn.贡献,促成因素;捐赠
[教材原句]The most important contribution was from the Normans,a French-speaking people who defeated England and took control of the country in 1066.最重要的影响来自诺曼人,说法语的诺曼人在1066年打败英国并控制了这个国家。(P22)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①It’s about the now and what one contributes the now,because reading is a give and take between author and reader.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
②Thanks for the contributions you (make)in the past ten years.
③The editor said he had no time to look through the essays (contribute)recently.
④Would you like to make contribution to the hospital building fund?
[句式升级]
⑤Various factors contributed to his downfall.
=Various factors his downfall.
考点必记
(1)make a contribution/contributions to对……做出贡献/捐款
(2)contribute vt.&vi.捐献;捐助;是……的原因之一;贡献;投稿
contribute...to...把……贡献给……;向……投稿
contribute to有助于;导致(=result in/lead to);把时间投入到……
[多词一义]contribute to,result in,be responsible for,bring about,lead to,cause
[写作佳句]
The workers were rewarded for their great contributions to the company.
工人们因对公司的巨大贡献而获奖。
6.defeatvt.击败,战胜;使失败 n.击败,战胜;失败
[教材原句]The most important contribution was from the Normans,a French-speaking people who defeated England and took control of the country in 1066.最重要的影响来自诺曼人,说法语的诺曼人在1066年打败英国并控制了这个国家。(P22)
语境巧练
[用defeat,win与beat填空]
①Every time the workers stuck together they showed their strength and .
②Only five years after Steve Jobs’ death,smart-phones conventional PCs in sales.
③It was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally Humphries and became Champion of England.
[完成句子]
④我很兴奋,因为我知道我们会赢,但令我失望的是我们被击败了。
I was excited because I knew we were going to win,but to my disappointment we .
考点必记
[易混辨析]defeat,win与beat
(1)defeat作名词,意为“战胜,击败,失败”;做及物动词,意为“击败,挫败”。defeat的宾语是竞争对手。
(2)win可作及物和不及物动词,意为“赢得,获胜,打胜,博得,获得”。win的宾语不能是竞争对手,而是war、prize、game、match、battle、competition之类的名词。
(3)beat通常用于游戏或比赛中,表示“击败”,后接比赛、辩论或战斗中的对手。defeat和win多用于正式的场合,beat较口语化。
7.leadto导致;造成(后果)
[教材原句]However,the Norman Conquest did not affect English as much as the Angles and the Saxons’ victory about 600 years earlier,which ledto Old English replacing Celtic.可是,诺曼征服并没有给英语带来大约六百年前盎格鲁人和撒克逊人入侵对英语所带来的相同后果,盎格鲁人和撒克逊人入侵导致了古英语代替了凯尔特语。(P22)
语境巧练
[用lead短语完成句子]
①With him (带路),we got there without any difficulty.But for him,we would have been lost,which would (导致)serious consequences.His action (使我们相信)that he was our true friend.
[句式升级]
②This policy will give rise to greater instability in the region.
=This policy will greater instability in the region.(lead)
=This policy will greater instability in the region.(result)
=This policy will greater instability in the region.(contribute)
[完成句子]
③我正过着快乐而又充实的生活,忙着备战高考。
I’m ,busy with my lessons for the College Entrance Examination.
考点必记
(1)lead sb to do...使某人做……
lead sb to...带某人去……
lead the way带路
lead sb by the nose牵着某人的鼻子走
(2)in the lead领先;处于首位
take the lead带头;领先
(3)result in导致 contribute to导致;有助于
bring about引起 give rise to引起,使发生
[名师指津]
lead to还有“通向……,把……带到”的意义
[写作佳句]
All roads leadto Rome.
条条大道通罗马。
8.replacevt.替换,代替,取代
[教材原句]However,the Norman Conquest did not affect English as much as the Angles and the Saxons’ victory about 600 years earlier,which led to Old English replacing Celtic.可是,诺曼征服并没有给英语带来大约六百年前盎格鲁人和撒克逊人入侵对英语所带来的相同后果,盎格鲁人和撒克逊人入侵导致了古英语代替了凯尔特语。(P22)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its (replace):reusable shopping bags.(2018·浙江卷)
②A code uses symbols (replace) words,phrases,or sentences.
③Within days,Patrick’s collection (replace).
[完成句子]
④北京大学是我梦寐以求的大学,在我心中,没有其他大学能取代它。
Peking University is my dream one and no other ones can in my heart.
考点必记
(1)replace sb/sth取代某人/某物
replace sth with sth用某物替换某物
replace sb as取代某人成为……
(2)in place of sb代替某人
take one’s place=take the place of sb代替某人
(3)replacement n.取代
9.主语+be+形容词+不定式
[教材原句]Thequestion of whether English will keep on changing in the future iseasytoanswer.将来英语是否会继续改变这一问题是很容易回答的。(P23)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Their plan is very easy (carry)out.
②The question was easy enough me to answer.
③I like getting up early in summer.The morning air is so good (breathe).
[句式升级]
④It is difficult for Europeans to learn Japanese.
=Japanese is difficult .
⑤It is very easy to carry out the plan.
=The plan is very easy .
考点必记
(1)在句型“主语+be+形容词+不定式”中,不定式作表语形容词的状语,并且和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系,此时不定式多用主动形式表示被动含义。
(2)该不定式中的动词必须是及物动词;动词为不及物动词时,需在动词后加上相应的介词。
(3)常见的此类形容词有easy、hard、difficult、interesting、heavy、pleasant、comfortable、safe、dangerous、impossible等,该类形容词说明的是不定式的性质。
10.Itiscertainthat...可以肯定的是……
[教材原句]Itiscertainthat this process will continue,and people will keep inventing new words and new ways of saying things.可以肯定的是这个进程还将继续,并且人们还在不断发明新词和描述事物的新方法。(P23)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①You’d better leave now if you want to make certain getting there on time.
[完成句子]
②However,the scheme (肯定会) meet opposition from fishermen’s leaders.
③ (无法肯定) they’ll accept that candidate if he wins.
考点必记
(1)此句型中it为形式主语,真正的主语是后面的that从句。certain 意为“确定的”,主要用作表语,与sure意义相似,但sure后跟宾语从句时,前面的主语必须是人,即“sb be sure+that从句”。
(2)be certain of/about肯定,有把握;make certain of(doing) sth确保(做)某事;be certain/sure to do一定会做。
(3)certain表示“某一,某种”时,不能用sure替换。
11.concernn.关心;忧虑 vt.&vi.涉及;使担忧;对……感兴趣
[教材原句]King Henry Ⅶ was a poet who showed great concern for language.国王亨利七世是一个诗人,非常关注语言。(P29)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Scientists in Louisiana were so (concern) that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)
②Several parents expressed their great concern their children’s safety at school.
③I got the main idea of the story (concern) a dog who finally found his way back home.
[完成句子]
④谈到中国的大学,就我个人而言,我会推荐北京大学。
When it comes to universities in China, ,I’ll recommend Peking University.
考点必记
(1)concern oneself with/in 参与,从事
concern oneself about(=be concerned about)关心,挂念
(2)concerned adj.担心的,担忧的
be concerned with/about/for...与……有关;关心,挂念,担心
as far as...be concerned就……而言
(3)show/express concern for sb担心某人
(4)concerning prep.关于,涉及
12.banvt.&n.禁止;取缔
[教材原句]At one time the department banned some ‘borrowed words’ from English,including ‘weekend’ and ‘e-mail’.曾经有个时期,这个部门禁止一些从英语引进的词汇,包含“周末”和“电子邮件”。(P29)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①After the accident,he was banned driving.
②He says the proposals may include a ban drunken driving.
③The government has decided to ban (smoke)in public places across the country.
④Always observe district fire (ban).Be careful if you smoke or have an outdoor fire or barbecue—make sure the ash is cold before leaving.
考点必记
(1)ban doing sth禁止做某事
ban sb from(doing)sth禁止某人(做)某事
(2)a ban on sth对……的禁令
put/place a ban on sth宣布禁止……
高级词汇是prohibit,forbid
[写作佳句]
They hope paper bags will be banned someday...(2018·浙江卷)他们希望纸袋将来有一天会被禁止……
13.uniqueadj.独特的
[教材原句]French people supported this because they wanted to keep their language pure and unique.法国人支持这一点,因为他们想保持其语言的纯粹和独特性。(P29)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①These patterns are unique each person.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)
②The LongPen produces unique signature each time.
考点必记
be unique to...对……独特的;独有的,to是介词
[名师指津]
unique没有比较级、最高级的用法,只能用一些quite,almost,nearly,really之类的词修饰。
14.accessn.(接近的)方法;通路;入径;(使用或见到的)机会;权利(常与to连用);可接近性 vt.进入;使用
[教材原句]Today,the spread of ‘borrowed words’ is mostly due to the easily accessed Internet and television programmes from across the world.如今,外来词的传播主要是由于全世界因特网和电视节目的便捷。(P29)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①People have (good) access to health care than they used to,and they’re living longer as a result.
②Thus I gain access their living environment.
[句式升级]
③Medicine should be kept where it is out of children’s range.
=Medicine should not be kept where it is children.(accessible)
=Medicine should be kept where it is .(reach)
[完成句子]
④电影导演已经做了一些尝试,让更多的观众可以接触到电影。
Film directors have made some attempts to make films a wider public.
考点必记
(1)have/get/obtain/gain access to拥有……的机会;可以接近;进入
give access to准许进入/接近
(2)accessible adj.可到达的;易懂的;随和的
be accessible to可接近的;可靠近的;可使用的
[用法点拨]
(1)access的本意是进入某一地点的“通道,入口”,侧重进入的手段与途径,其含义是抽象的,一般用作不可数名词。其引申义可指“接近或取得……的方法、手段、权力等”,常与介词to连用。此外,access在计算机术语中可当“访问,进网”讲。
(2)在access to中,介词to后可接名词或代词,一般不接doing。
15.conclusionn.结论;推论
[教材原句]In conclusion,we need to know the customs of a country so that we do not make others embarrassed or annoyed.总之,我们需要了解一个国家的风俗习惯,以便我们不会弄得别人尴尬或者厌烦。(P36)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①All the information should be available so that people can reach their own (conclusion).
②At the meeting we arrived at conclusion satisfactory to all.
③Researchers concluded the French tend to stop eating when they feel full.
[完成句子]
④总之,我相信此行会让你既放松又有收获。
,I believe that the trip will be both relaxing and rewarding.
考点必记
(1)come to/arrive at/reach/draw a conclusion(that同位语从句) 得出(……的)结论
make a conclusion(that)下结论
bring...to a conclusion使……结束
in conclusion=to conclude最后(一句话)
(2)conclude v.推断出;推论出;(使)结束
conclude (that)...得出结论……
16.differvi.相异,有区别
[教材原句]The Chinese language differs from Western languages in that,instead of an alphabet,it uses characters which stand for ideas,objects or deeds.汉语与西方语言不同,区别在于它不使用字母,而是用汉字表示思想、物体和行为。(P38)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in (differ) styles.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)
②Humans differ other animals their ability to speak.
③What you have told me may make a difference my own position.
[句式升级]
④British English differs obviously from American English in pronunciation and spelling.
=British English is American English in pronunciation and spelling.(different)
=There are between British English and American English in pronunciation and spelling.(difference)
[小话题写作]
⑤他们是双胞胎,但是他们的习惯和行为都不一样。但这对他们的生活没有任何影响。
They are twins but they each other in their habits and they also each other in many behaviours.But it to their life.
考点必记
(1)differ from不同于;和……不同
differ in在……方面不同
differ(with sb)on/about/over sth在……上(和某人)有分歧/异议
(2)difference n.差别,差异
make a difference to...对……有影响
tell the difference between A and B分清A和B
(3)different adj.不同的,个别的
be different from...in...在……方面与……不同
[名师指津]
differ是不及物动词,常接不同介词表示各种附加意义。接介词about/on可表示对某问题有异议;接in可表示在某方面有异议;接with则表示“不同意(某人)或某种意见”。 different在肯定句中可用very修饰,在否定句中则用much修饰。difference还可作“差距,差额”解,指的是事物之间存在的一个差额值,作不可数名词。difference引申还可作“分歧,争执”解,这时常用作复数形式。
17.standfor代表,象征;支持;主张;容忍(用于否定句)
[教材原句]The Chinese language differs from Western languages in that,instead of an alphabet,it uses characters which standfor ideas,objects or deeds.汉语与西方语言不同,区别在于它不使用字母,而是用汉字表示思想、物体和行为。(P38)
语境巧练
[用stand的相关短语完成句子]
①How can you (袖手旁观) and see him be accused of something he didn’t do?
②The new road sign is easy to read;the words (显眼) well.
③The five-star red flag (代表) our country.
[完成句子]
④在中国,红色代表美丽、生命和幸福,所以你可以穿红色衣服去拜访一个中国家庭。
In China, ,so you can visit a Chinese family dressed in red.
考点必记
stand by站在旁边;袖手旁观;支持
stand out突出;显眼;杰出
stand aside站到一边
stand on one’s feet站起来;自食其力
stand up站起来
stand up for支持;维护(权利)
stand doing容忍做……
as it stands照此情况,照这个样子
from where I stand以我的观点(立场)
18.asawhole作为整体,总体上;整体看来
[教材原句]However,asawhole,the characters have developed from drawings into standard forms.不过总的来说,汉字从图画发展成了标准形式。(P38)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①The epidemic (流行病) peak had passed in China a whole.(2020·江苏卷)
② the whole,he got what he wanted.
③I am (whole)responsible for the confusion.
考点必记
on the whole 大体上;基本上;总的来说
the whole of 整个……
wholly adv.完全地;全部地
19.notall表示部分否定
[教材原句]Notall characters were developed from drawings of objects.并不是所有的汉字都是从对物体的绘画发展而来的。(P38)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
① (并不是每个人) rescued from the earthquake.
② (不是所有的学生) can work out the problem.
③ (他们两个都没)comes here.
④ (我的一生中印象最深的就是) as my first visit to the Palace Museum.
考点必记
(1)部分否定:否定词not与both,all,every,each,everybody,everything等不定代词或形容词连用,意为“不都是,并非都”。
(2)完全否定:常用no,none,never,nobody,nothing,neither,no one等表示。
(3)部分否定:not both/all/every/each/everybody/everything/...=both/all/every/each/everybody/everything/...not...
20.distinguishvt.区分,辨别;使具有某种特征
[教材原句]It is easy to distinguish their meanings by looking at them,for example,the characters for ‘up’ and ‘down’,which are opposites of each other.只要看它们的字形,就可以很容易区别它们的意思,比如汉字“上”和“下”,其字形恰好相反。(P38)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①No one will ever know what mix of talent,ambition,energy and luck made Dickens such a (distinguish) writer.(2018·浙江卷)
②Daniel Anderson,a famous psychologist,believes it’s important to distinguish television’s influences on children those of the family.
[小话题写作]
③因为你是一位杰出的乒乓球选手,如果你能加入我们的团队并分享你的鼓舞人心的经历,我们将深感荣幸。
As you’re ,we would if you could join our team and share your inspiring experiences.
考点必记
(1)distinguish between A and B 区分A和B
distinguish A from B 使A有别于B
distinguish among 在……之间辨别
distinguish oneself(as sth)使出众;使著名;使受人青睐
(2)distinguished adj.著名的;卓著的
[写作佳句]
They can even distinguish their mother’s voice from that of a female stranger.
他们甚至可以分辨出母亲和陌生女性的声音。
21.convenientadj.方便的;便利的
[教材原句]The whole system was not convenient for use.整个系统使用起来非常不方便。(P39)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①I am sorry.I am afraid (不太方便) me to leave the phone number to you.
② (为了方便起见),the German translation is printed below.
③If it is (你方便的话),let’s meet at 8:30 outside the school gate.
[小话题写作]
④不可否认,虽然这种消费排名可能会给消费者带来便利,但它们也经常是误导和不可靠的。
such ratings might ,but they are often misleading and unreliable.
考点必记
(1)it is/was convenient for sb to do sth某人做某事方便
it is/was convenient that...……方便
(2)convenience n.方便,便利;便利的用具/设施
at one’s convenience在某人方便的时候
for convenience为了方便
[用法点拨]
convenient只能用物/事作主语或用it作形式主语,而不能用人作主语。
随堂巩固迁移运用
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.Making the right decision (concern) the future is probably the most important thing we will do in our life.
2.As a parent,I hated seeing my daughter playing her best,but still (defeat).
3.As a matter of fact,getting rid of a bad habit is as much an effort forming a good one.
4.The twins looked so alike that we couldn’t distinguish the one the other.
5.The driver declared guilty may be fined a maximum of HK $25,000 and be sentenced to up to 3 years in prison and punished for 10 driving-offence points,or temporarily (ban) from driving.
6.It seems women are now more attracted to the (convenient) of online shopping.
7.WHO welcomes China’s (contribute) of mobile laboratory to west Africa against Ebola.
8.The beautiful scenery, (combine) with lovely weather and delicious food,made our visit to Hawaii pleasant and unforgettable.
9.What’s more,she represented the school (attend) the English Debate.
10.We can,therefore,come to the (conclude) that nothing is so precious as freedom in the world.
Ⅱ.短语填空
aside from,take control of,as a whole,name after,lead to
1.The child was his father,given his father’s first name.
2.Too much work and too little rest often illness.
3.The army the city after the president’s fall from power,which left the whole country in a mess.
4. being fun and good exercise,swimming is a very useful skill.
5. ,the weather has been fine this month.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1.This dirt road leads the temple on the mountain top.
2.The experiment consisted 86 cancer patients and 83 healthy people last year.
3.The American flag stand for freedom and justice.
4.Humans different from other mammals in their ability to speak.
5.Choose what to eat is no longer as easy as it once was.
6.The students banned from bringing cell phones to school.
7.He’s a different man about what he was ten years ago.
Ⅳ.话题微写作
写作内容提示
1.良好的礼仪是由很多方面组成的。(make up of)
2.语言是最好的表达方式。(means)
3.不随意打断别人谈话是礼貌的。(interrupt)
4.词不达意可能会产生令人尴尬的情形。(embarrassment)
5.总体来说,我们应该主动问候他人,不能以貌取人。(as a whole,ought to)
连句成文(参考上述提示,通过合理想象整合成一篇短文)
请完成【高考题型·组合规范练】
Unit3 Backtothepast
(主题语境:人与社会——历史、社会与文化)
核心考点课堂突破
1.进行时表示将来
[教材原句]We are in Italy now,and tomorrow we arevisiting Pompeii.现在我们在意大利,明天我们将游览庞贝。(P42)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Put on your coat!I (take) you down to the doctor.
②I was about (go) swimming when my guide shouted at me and told me not to do so.
③I want to know when he (leave) for New York tomorrow.
[完成句子]
④我的下一个工作将是建一个鸟巢然后装在一棵树上。
and anchor it in a tree.
⑤我下周要去安徽出差。
next week.
⑥我正要离开,这时电话铃响了起来。
.
考点必记
用进行时表示将来的用法
句中are visiting是用现在进行时表示将来。可以这样使用的动词还有arrive,come,go,leave,begin,start,take等。除了用will,be going to和上述表达方式表示将来外,下列方式也可用来表示将要发生的动作:
(1)be to do表示按计划或安排要做某事;
(2)be about to do表示马上、即将要做某事,表示最近的将来,常用于be about to do...when...结构;
(3)be on the point of doing...正要做某事
2.foundvt.兴建,创建
[教材原句]The city was founded in the 8th century BC.该城是公元前8世纪建成的。(P42)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①The tiny shops made economic sense,according to Robert Kerr,a (found) of LoveFone.(2020·江苏卷)
②Although she (found) her company early on in life,she wasn’t driven primarily by profit.(2019·北京卷)
③To lift a big structure like the Tremont Hotel,Pullman would place thousands of jackscrews beneath the building (found).
④Careful planning laid foundations of the nation’s economic miracle.
考点必记
(1)found a city/club/company建起城市/创办俱乐部/公司
found sth on把……基于,把……建立在
(2)founder n.奠基人
foundation n.地基,基础,基金(会)
lay the foundations of打下(……的)基础
without foundation无事实依据
shake/rock the foundations of从根本上动摇
[名师指津]
作“把……建立在……”“使……有根据”“以……为基础或根据”解时,found常与on/upon搭配,用被动结构。
3.takeover夺取;接管
[教材原句]In 89 BC,the Romans tookover Pompeii.公元前89年,罗马人占领了庞贝。(P42)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①Unfortunately,full-sun production is (正在接管这一产业).
②It was not until several weeks later that I realized I was (被我最好的朋友骗了).
③When the delayed flight will (起飞) depends much on the weather.
④After he retired from office,Rogers (从事绘画) for a while,but soon lost interest.
⑤She (承担了更大的责任) when she was promoted.
⑥Before Mr Green retired,he (把生意交给了他的儿子).
⑦I (反复思考这个问题) quite carefully since he came here.
⑧I think the problem can (被克服) without too much difficulty.
[小情境写作]
⑨当一个志愿者生病时,我接替了她的工作。那些美国学生对我评价很高。
When a volunteer was ill, from her. Those American students me.
考点必记
(1)come over过来,顺便拜访
get over克服;(从病中)恢复过来
go over复习,仔细地再读一遍
hand over交出,移交,让与
knock over撞倒,撞翻
over and over再三,一遍又一遍
think over仔细考虑
turn over翻车;翻阅;翻身
gain/have an advantage over胜过,优于
look over检查,查看,调查
pull over把……拉过来;靠岸;开到路边
(2)take off脱下;起飞;取消
take down记下;取下
take for把……视作,误认为
take in接纳,吸收;欺骗,诱骗;理解
take on从事;聘用;呈现;承担(责任)
take out取出
take up占据;从事
take back收回;退回
take after像;追赶
4.形容词作状语
[教材原句]Many people were buried alive,and so was the city.很多人被活埋了,整个城市也被掩埋。(P42)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
① (又冷又饿),he stopped working and went home.
②To our surprise,he returned (安然无恙).
③ (说也奇怪),he did pass his exam after all.
④ (更重要的是),he’s got a steady job.
⑤ (果然),she was there.
考点必记
形容词作状语
句中的alive是形容词作状语,着重强调主语呈现出来的状态。形容词作状语修饰句子中的人或物,副词作状语修饰句子中的动词。可用作状语的形容词还有awake,asleep,deep,straight,high,short,young,interested,surprised,satisfied等。
5.unfortunateadj.不幸的,遗憾的
[教材原句]How unfortunate!多么不幸!(P42)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
① (fortune),curiosity and discontent don’t have to be learned.(2020·天津卷)
②He was extremely fortunate having such a happy family.
③He dreamed of making fortune.
④Central London is (fortunately)in having so many large parks and open spaces.
⑤He was unfortunate (lose)in the final round.
⑥ (fortune),it took a horrible accident to change her attitude.
考点必记
(1)unfortunately adv.不幸地
(2)fortunate adj.幸运的
be (un)fortunate to do sth/in doing sth在……方面运气(不)好
It is (un)fortunate that...幸运的(不幸的)是……
(3)fortunately adv.幸运地
(4)fortune n.机会,运气,财富
make a fortune 发财
seek/try one’s fortune 碰运气
6.decoratevt.装饰,装潢
[教材原句]I saw several houses which were decorated with wall paintings.我看了好几间墙上装饰有壁画的房子。(P42)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①In another,employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated houseplants.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
②With a 3D printer,a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for (decorate) on a wedding cake.(2018·天津卷)
考点必记
(1)decorate...with...用……装饰……
be decorated with 被/用……装饰
(2)decoration n.装饰;装饰物
[名师指津]
引申可表示“授予殊荣”,如奖章、勋位等。
He was decorated with the prize.他被授予这项殊荣。
7.Itturnsoutthat...结果是……
[教材原句]Itturnsoutthat after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city,their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared,leaving empty spaces in the ash.原来,火山灰覆盖了没能逃离城市的人,他们的身体几乎全部烧化消失了,只留下火山灰里的人形空当。(P43)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①The job turned out (be) harder than we thought.
② turned out that I had to pay 10 dollars for my first visit and 50 dollars for that visit to the emergency room.
[句式升级]
③She turned out to be a friend of my sister.
= she was a friend of my sister.
[完成句子]
④她是对的。结果并不如我所愿。(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
She was right.It didn’t as I had wished.
考点必记
It turns out that...结果是……
It turns/turned out that...原来是;结果是……
It turns/turned out to be...原来是;结果是……
[用法点拨]
本句型后接that从句时,句首的it不可用别的词代替;但是如果后面接不定式时,主语it可根据实际需要变化。
8.destroyvt.破坏,毁坏,摧毁
[教材原句]It’s hard to imagine how this peaceful volcano destroyed the whole city!真的很难想象这样一座平静的火山怎么就毁灭了整个城市!(P43)
语境巧练
[用destroy的适当形式填空]
①Today,the scars (创痕) of are still seen in Rockaway.
②Apparently satisfied that we caused no further threat,the bear moved off, a fence as it went.
③War is the great of all the hopes of mankind.
④Be yourself,Bob.You can’t let yourself by such a defeat.
[用destroy,hurt,harm,ruin和damage的适当形式填空]
⑤Several factors had combined our plans.
⑥An important negative effect of gossip is that it can the person being talked about.
⑦If we know that gossip can be ,then why do so many of us do it?
⑧It’s the environment.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)
⑨Many of the images were stored in an ice chest,under freezing water,in the wooden ship.
考点必记
(1)destroy sb毁掉某人(的一生)
be destroyed by fire被大火烧毁
(2)destruction n.破坏,毁坏
(3)destroyer n.破坏者;起破坏作用的东西
[易混辨析]destroy,damage与ruin
destroy表示“毁坏”,通常指彻底地毁掉或毁灭,往往暗示无法或很难修复,有时用于比喻手法中。
damage表示“损害,损坏”,通常是指部分损坏,往往暗示损坏后价值、效率、功能等会降低,有时用于比喻手法中。
ruin是destroy的同义词,强调毁灭的彻底性,并且是一次性的行为。这种毁灭也许没有多大力量,但其严重性却使其不能修复,也可强调长期的损坏过程所导致的结果。
[写作佳句]
When the war was near,Alia was worried that the fires of war would destroy the books.
战争来临,艾利雅担心战火会毁坏这些书。
9.remainsn.遗物,遗迹,遗骸;剩余物
[教材原句]Sven found the remains of buildings buried beneath the sand,together with a lot of treasures,including coins,painted pots,material such as silk,documents and wall paintings.斯文发现了埋藏在沙子下面的建筑物遗迹,以及很多珍宝,包括钱币、彩绘罐、丝绸等材料、文献和壁画。(P43)
语境巧练
[写出下列句中remain的词性及汉语意思]
①I remained three days in that country.
②After years of hard work,Tom still remained a worker.
③After the fire,little remained of his house.
④It remains to be seen whether her colleagues will agree.
[完成句子]
⑤在观看电影时,你们所有人都必须保持安静。
When watching the movie,all of you are required to .
考点必记
(1)the remains of...……的遗迹;……的剩余物
(2)remain v.留下;仍然是
remain+形容词/名词/介词短语/非谓语动词保持……
remain to be done 有待于……
(3)remaining adj.剩余的
[用法点拨](1)remain作系动词用时,其后可接形容词、名词、介词短语、非谓语动词等作表语。
(2)remaining通常作前置定语,而left作“剩下的”讲时,作后置定语。如:the money left/the remaining money剩下的钱。
[名师指津]
remain的基本意思是“留下”“继续”,即在一段时间内持续地处于某位置或某状态,含有在别人走了的情况下仍然留下或在别的事物都改变了的情况下依然保持不变的意思。
10.expressionn.词语;表达;表情;表示
[教材原句]Useful expressions to use when giving a talk 交谈时有用的表达 (P53)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①He looked at me expression.
②However,some of the texts have too many new words and (express) which are hard for us.
③To be acknowledged as the first to receive this honor is expression in words for me.
[完成句子]
④事实上,这些简短的对话是人们打招呼和表达友好的好方式。(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)
As a matter of fact,these short conversations .
考点必记
(1)beyond expression无法形容
without expression毫无表情
give expression to表达;表现;把……表达出来
(2)express v.表达
express oneself 表达自己的意思
[用法点拨]
(1)express当“表达,表示”解,习惯上不接双宾语,可用express sth to sb。
(2)express后一般不接that从句,可接疑问词引导的从句。
11.powerfuladj.强有力的
[教材原句]On 26 November 1941,a powerful force of 39 Japanese ships set sail for the Hawaiian Islands.1941年11月26日,一群由39艘日本战舰组成的威力巨大的舰队起航赴夏威夷群岛。(P55)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family—and that’s pretty (power).(2020·山东卷)
②He has to reward the men who help him come power.
考点必记
power n.能;能力;力量;权力;电力
be in power执政;掌权
come into/to power上台;执政
12.declarevt.断言,宣称,宣布,宣告,声明
[教材原句]The next day,US President Franklin Roosevelt asked that the US declare war against Japan.第二天,美国总统富兰克林·罗斯福要求美国对日宣战。(P55)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①It was the year when Britain declared war Germany.
②Welcome to China.May I have a look at your customs (declare)?
[句式升级]
③Our school declared that the girl was head of our department.
=Our school head of our department.
考点必记
(1)declaration n.断言,宣称,宣布,宣告,声明
(2)declare war against向(某国/不好的事)宣战
declare for/against sth表态支持/反对某事
declare sb/sth to be宣布某人或某事是……
declare that 宣布……
13.inmemoryof为了纪念……
[教材原句]Inmemoryof the Americans who died in the attack,a national memorial was built in Pearl Harbor just above the remains of the Arizona.为纪念在这次袭击中丧生的美国人,在亚利桑那州的珍珠港遗迹上建了一座国家纪念馆。(P55)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①Some people are (支持) reform,while others are against it.
②The job is great (就……而言) salary,but it has its disadvantages.
③The poem is (赞扬) her virtues.
④We’ll make a new director (取代) him.
⑤The gift to the museum is being made (为了纪念) a famous man.
⑥We celebrate Mother’s Day (以示敬意) our mothers.
⑦I’ve learned that the English Association of our school is now (需要)some volunteers to receive foreign students visiting our school.
考点必记
in terms of就……而言 in case of 万一
in place of取代 in search of 寻找
in favor of赞成,支持 in need of需要
in praise of赞扬 in possession of拥有
in charge of掌管,负责
in the hope of抱着……的希望
in honor of为了向……表示敬意
14.nodoubt无疑,确实
[教材原句]When asked how a statue from distant Greece could have appeared in China,researchers explained that nodoubt this was a result of Alexander the Great’s influence.当被问及一座来自遥远希腊的雕像怎么会在中国出现时,研究人员解释道,毫无疑问这是亚历山大大帝影响所致。(P58)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①He was (毫无疑问) a great hero,so people couldn’t help but cry over his death.
②It’s (毫无疑问) that we can overcome all these difficulties under the leadership of our Party.
③The future of the stadium is (还未确定) because of a lack of money.
④He (怀疑是否) he could learn anything new from Mary.
⑤ (毫无疑问) it can enhance people’s consciousness of health,but it is more likely to result in over-anxiety.
考点必记
(1)beyond doubt 无疑
in doubt 怀疑地,未确定地
without doubt 的确,无疑
There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
(2)I doubt if/whether...我怀疑是否……
I don’t doubt that...我不怀疑……
[用法点拨]在否定句和疑问句中,doubt后用that引导从句,但是在肯定句中,用whether或者if引导从句。
[写作佳句]
But the urge would nodoubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money.(2018·北京卷)
但是如果你露宿街头,少钱少食物,这种渴望无疑会更强烈。
15.aheadadv.(时间、空间)在前面;提前,预先;领先
[教材原句]By the age of thirty,he had already occupied more land than anyone before,and it seemed that more glory was waiting ahead of him.在他30岁时,他已经拥有了比以往任何人都多的土地,而且看起来还有更大的荣耀在前面等着他。(P58)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①Damaged but not defeated,he was still (领先我).
②Moments of joy suggest that (前方仍有希望).
③So think (在下周到来之前).
④I will send a detailed training schedule to your mailbox (提前) so that you can give some constructive suggestions.
考点必记
(1)ahead of time提前;提早
ahead of schedule(比原计划或规定时间)提前
ahead of 在……之前
(2)go ahead前进;进行;继续(事情);(祈使)干吧;开始吧;请吧
look ahead展望未来;朝前看
16.awareadj.知道的,察觉到的,意识到的
[教材原句]In many cases,his questions made his students aware of their own errors.在很多情况下,他的问题让学生们意识到自己的错误。(P59)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①It was to make us more (aware) of the problems faced by disabled people.
②Needless to say,this decision is highly confidential,and the manager is unaware my intention.
[完成句子]
③4月22日的“地球日”是一个旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。(2019·北京卷)
Earth Day,marked on 22 April,is an annual event aiming .
考点必记
(1)be/become aware of察觉,意识到
make sb aware of使某人意识到
(2)awareness n.意识
raise awareness of提高……的意识
(3)unaware adj.不知道的,没察觉到的
[写作佳句]
Earth Day is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.一年一度的地球日旨在提高公众的环保意识。
随堂巩固迁移运用
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.Doctors say anger can be an (extreme) harmful emotion,unless you learn how to deal with it.
2.The earthquake was reported (destroy) the whole town.
3.We know we should be doing to lose weight—but actually doing it is another matter.
4.If you wish to make a (complain) about that,you should see the manager.
5.I am sorry I didn’t take what you said.Can you explain it again?
6.Young people go to college with the expectation that better (educate) people get higher pay.
7.He is the best student in the school.There is no doubt he can win first prize.
8.A car carrying three people,believed (be) Japanese tourists,was washed off a road.
9.Ladies and gentlemen,please remain (seat) until the plane has come to a complete stop.
10.As a world (culture) relic,the Great Wall needs protection from both Chinese people and foreign tourists.
Ⅱ.短语填空
take over,come down with,stand in one’s path,rise up against,in memory of
1.The people of the whole country got united to the invaders.
2.They dedicated a monument those who died in the great earthquake.
3.Many children in the kindergarten the flu last week.
4.Henry has the running of the family firm from his old father.
5.He has a bad temper and will not listen to anybody,so you’d better not .
Ⅲ.单句改错
1.There is no doubt whether the world climate has been changing in recent years.
2.Founding in 1636,Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
3.With an old saying goes,knowledge is power.
4.Don’t leave the water run while you brush your teeth.
5.I am not such strong a man as he is.
6.The festival is in memory for the great poet Qu Yuan.
7.Three boys were ahead us.
Ⅳ.话题微写作
写作内容提示
1.敦煌莫高窟(Mogao Caves)位于甘肃省,处在丝绸之路上。(locate)
2.好消息是,这个周末一些学者和研究者将给我们做如何保护敦煌莫高窟的报告。(joy,lecture)
3.这无疑对我们了解敦煌莫高窟是有好处的。(no doubt)
4.我们应该意识到保护文化遗产的重要性。(be aware of)
5.专家们正在设法寻找修复壁画的方案。(solution)
连句成文(参考上述提示,通过合理想象整合成一篇短文)
请完成【高考题型·组合规范练】
Unit1 Advertising
(主题语境:人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通)
核心考点课堂突破
1.wherever引导让步状语从句
[教材原句]Nowadays,we can find advertisements almost wherever we go.如今,我们无论去哪里几乎都能看到广告。(P2)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Some people enjoy themselves they are.
② you go does not matter to me.
③ you are,you can accomplish your achievement.
④ human light spills into the natural world,some aspect of life is affected.
⑤ wants to speak to me on the phone,tell them I’m busy.
[完成句子]
⑥无论怎样,其结果都是对中亚最纯粹传统的细致而生动的描述。(2020·山东卷)
,the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
考点必记
wherever意为“无论哪里”,作连词或副词。
(1)where与wherever都能引导地点状语从句。where指“在某个地方”;wherever指“无论哪里,在任何一个地方”。
(2)wherever与no matter where两者都可以引导让步状语从句,但是引导名词性从句时,只能用wherever。有这种用法的还有whenever,whatever,whichever,whoever,however等。
2.persuadevt.说服;劝说;劝导;使信服
[教材原句]An advertisement uses words and pictures to persuade people to buy a product or service,or to believe in an idea.广告利用语言和图片劝说人们购买一种产品或服务或者是相信一种理念。(P2)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①The clever salesman cheated my wife buying his goods.
②It was with difficulty that I talked him of dropping the experiment.
[完成句子]
③我设法说服同学们接受了我的主意。
I managed .
[小话题写作]
④The other day,my husband (试图劝我不买) that coat as he thought it was too long.However,the assistant tried hard (使我相信良好的质量) and fashionable style of it.Therefore,I couldn’t help (劝说) into buying it.So you can see how easy it is (说服女人购买)the things that aren’t suitable for her.(persuade)
考点必记
(1)persuade sb into doing/into sth说服某人做某事
persuade sb out of doing sth说服某人不要做某事
persuade sb of sth使某人相信某事(相当于convince sb of sth)
try to persuade sb to do sth试图说服某人做某事
(2)persuasion n.说服;劝导
(3)persuasive adj.有说服力的
[用法点拨]
(1)可用于“动词+sb+into doing sth”结构的还有:cheat/trick/fool sb into doing sth欺骗某人做某事;talk sb into doing sth说服某人做某事;terrify/frighten sb into doing sth威胁某人做某事;等等。
(2)可用于“动词+sb+out of doing sth”结构的还有:talk sb out of doing sth说服某人不做某事;terrify/frighten sb out of doing sth威胁某人不做某事;等等。
[写作佳句]
She may just need a little persuading.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)也许还需要劝说她一把。
3.evenif引导让步状语从句
[教材原句]Evenif an ad does not lie,it does not mean it is altogether innocent.即使一则广告没有撒谎,也并不意味着这则广告就是完全“清白”的。(P2)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
① (尽管它不是你的风格),that doesn’t mean it is bad.(2020·天津卷)
②He will come on time (即使下雨).
③My grandfather still plays tennis,even though (他90多岁了).
④We won’t give up (即使我们遇到困难).
⑤ (即使评级给我们带来了便利),there are still some problems that we will have to face.
考点必记
(1)even if意为“尽管,即使”,用来引导让步状语从句,even though是更正式的说法。
(2)even if/though引导的从句中,用现在时代替将来时。
(3)除了even if/even though外,让步状语从句还可以用although,though,as,while,no matter+疑问词,whatever,whoever,wherever,whenever,however,whichever等来引导。
4.fallfor上……的当,受……的骗,对……信以为真;迷恋
[教材原句]We must not fallfor this kind of trick!我们绝不能轻信这种小把戏而上当啊!(P3)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Two men fell love with her at the same time.
②I told him I would think about it and asked for his telephone number.He didn’t fall that.
③If we do not keep on learning English every day,we will fall others.
④Baby teeth fall to make room for bigger,stronger adult teeth later on.
[完成句子]
⑤所以,即使你自己在幽默上的努力没有达到效果,你也可能会释放别人长期保持的幽默。 (2020·江苏卷)
So ,you might be freeing the long kept humor in others.
考点必记
fall off从……跌落
fall down倒塌;跌倒;不实,不能令人满意,不够好;栽倒
fall over被……绊倒
fall out脱落;原地解散
fall ill生病
fall in love with与……相爱
fall behind 落在……后面
fall short不合格;不足
5.notall不都,并非都
[教材原句]Notall ads play tricks on us though.但并非所有的广告都跟我们玩花招。(P3)
语境巧练
[把下列半否定的句子改为全否定]
①Not everything she did pleased him.
②Both of them are not my brothers.
③I do not remember all the details.
④She is not always excited.
考点必记
not all...部分否定
not all...=all...not为部分否定,也称半否定。
具有总括意义的代词each,everybody,everything,all,both;形容词complete,whole;副词completely,always,wholly,altogether等与否定词not连用,构成部分否定,表示“不都;并非都”。而no,none,never,nobody,neither,nothing,no more,no longer等表示否定意义的词与谓语一起使用构成全部否定。
6.aimvt.&vi.以……为目标,目的是,旨在;瞄准,对准 n.目的;目标
[教材原句]PSAs aim to teach us and help us lead better lives.公益广告旨在教导大众,为改进人们的生活提供帮助。(P3)
语境巧练
[句式升级]
①Mr Abye was not a good hunter.He aimed at a rabbit,but hit a bird.
=Mr Abye was not a good hunter.He a rabbit,but hit a bird.
②This activity is aimed at improving the students’ ability of listening and speaking,which is very popular.
= ,this activity is very popular.
[单句填空]
③The programme aims (educate) and prepare students for a challenging career.
④I don’t know whom the Minister’s remarks were aimed,but he ought not to say such things.
⑤Mr Green visited China the aim of seeing the Great Wall.
考点必记
(1)aim at...朝……瞄准
aim to do sth目的是;旨在
be aimed at (doing) sth目的是;旨在
(2)achieve/realize one’s aim 达到某人的目的
with the aim of...有……的目的
without aim漫无目的地
take aim at...把目标对准……
(3)aimless adj.无目标的;无目的的
[用法点拨]
(1)由于aim可用作及物或不及物动词,所以类似以下这样的句子可用主动语态或被动语态:
My remarks were not aimed/didn’t aim at you.
我的话不是针对你说的。
(2)在take aim at中,aim前不能加不定冠词,即使aim前有形容词,也不可加不定冠词。
(3)aim作“瞄准”解时是不可数名词,其前不用冠词;作“目的”解时,aim是可数名词,其前可加不定冠词或数词。
7.dealwith涉及,关于;处理,应付
[教材原句]These ads dealwith widespread social concerns.这些广告所涉及的是一些广泛的社会问题。(P3)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Ordinary soap,used correctly,can deal bacteria effectively.(2018·北京卷)
[同义词替换]
②This book dealswith many issues about the world.
③The company dealswith many overseas suppliers.
④In this lesson,the children learn to dealwith difficulties.
考点必记
(1)deal用作动词时可表示根据情况以某种方式来“对待、处理”某人或某事。
(2)deal用作名词时意思是“交易,协议,安排”,尤指在贸易或政治上对双方有利的协议,是可数名词;也可表示“数量,程度”,是单数名词,不用复数形式,通常与a或an连用。a great(good) deal (of)意思是“大量(的),许多(的)”,在句中可作定语或状语。
(3)deal with的同义词分别为:talk about (涉及,关于),handle(处理),trade with(做生意)。
8.benefitvt.&vi.使受益;得益于 n.益处;救济金;奖金
[教材原句]All of these ads are meant to benefit the public,and you can often learn a lot by following the advice they give.所有这些广告旨在让公众受益,遵循这些广告上的建议你往往能学到很多东西。(P3)
语境巧练
[一句多译]
每天的锻炼对他的健康非常有益。
①His health daily exercise.
②Daily exercise his health greatly.
③Daily exercise his health.
④Daily exercise his health.
[完成句子]
⑤从长远来看,通过足够的练习,我们可以克服困难并从英语课程中受益。
With enough practice,we can overcome the difficulties and .
考点必记
(1)sth benefit(s) sb某事对某人有益
sb benefit(s) from sth某人从某事中受益
(2)be of benefit to...对……有益
for one’s benefit为了帮助某人,为了某人的利益
to one’s benefit对某人有益
(3)beneficial adj.有益的;受益的
be beneficial to...(=be of benefit to...)对……有利
[写作佳句]
This new railway benefits this area in many ways.It is beneficial to the people living in this area.For the benefit of more people,we should build more railways.
这条新铁路在许多方面使这个地区受益。这对生活在这个地区的人是有益的。为了更多人的利益,我们应建更多的铁路。
9.promotevt.推广,宣传;促销;促进,推动
[教材原句]Finally,I wish to tell you this:think about why you should do the things the ad suggests,or buy the product or service the ad promotes.最后,我想对大家说的是:要思考你为什么要听从广告上的建议,或者购买广告上推销的产品或服务。(P3)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
① (promote) are hired to sell tickets and promote the event.
②The new job is a (promote) for him.
③While waiting for the opportunity to get (promote),Henry did his best to perform his duty.
[完成句子]
④把科技创新和良好的市场营销相结合将提升这些产品的销量。
Technological innovations,combined with good marketing, .
考点必记
(1)promote a product促销一种产品
promote...to...把……提拔到……
promote friendship增进友谊
(2)promotion n.提拔,促进
get/win promotion获得晋级
(3)promoter n.促销者;促进者
10.consultvt.&vi.请教;向……咨询;与人商量;查阅
[教材原句]Before I consulted you,I had no comprehension that a company might try to fool people into buying a product or service.咨询你之前,我对某家公司会欺骗顾客购买产品或服务毫不知情。(P5)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①I consulted a physician(内科医生),I hired a fitness coach,and I began to eat small and healthy meals.
②I’m a 34-year-old man,married,live in a nice house,and have a successful career as an educational (consult).
③The salesgirl said she would have to consult the supervisor the matter.
[完成句子]
④我建议你经常去办公室向老师请教关于学习英语的方法。
I suggest you should often go to the office to the method of learning English.
考点必记
(1)consult sb about sth请教某人某事
consult with sb 和某人商量/与某人磋商
consult the dictionary 查词典
(2)consultant n.顾问
[名师指津]
consult作“请教,咨询,查阅”解时,是及物动词;作“商量”解时,多用作不及物动词,后跟with sb,意为“和某人商量”。
11.recommendvt.推荐;建议;劝告;介绍
[教材原句]Yesterday I came across an interesting new book,which I would like to recommend here.昨天我偶尔看见一本有趣的新书,我想在这儿介绍一下。(P9)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil-testing programme that/which gives specific fertilizer (recommend) to farmers—and 2011,fertilizers use dropped by 7.7 million tons.(2018·全国Ⅱ卷)
②What does the author recommend (do) to prevent start-up fatigue?
③I just spent a holiday there and would recommend it anyone.
④The doctor recommended that I (stay) a few more days in the hospital.
[完成句子]
⑤从我的观点来看,这一切似乎都很有效。我推荐它吗?(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)
From my standpoint,it all seems to work very well.Would I ?
⑥去往长江和泰山的两个旅行,都非常值得推荐。
Of the two trips to the Yangtze River and Mount Tai,both .
考点必记
(1)recommend sb sth
=recommend sth to sb向某人推荐某物
recommend sb to do sth建议某人做某事
recommend doing sth建议做某事
recommend that sb (should) do sth建议某人做某事
(2)recommendation n.建议;推荐
[用法点拨]
recommend表示向某人推荐时用介词to,推荐做某事用介词for。
[写作佳句]
She was recommended for the post by a colleague.
她被一个同事推荐到这个岗位。
[名师指津]
12.“do+动词原形”表示对谓语的强调
[教材原句]According to the publisher,readers doseem to be interested in this new novel.据出版商说,读者似乎确实对这本新小说感兴趣。(P9)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①When they (确实撞到了) a pedestrian or a vehicle,or cause an accident,at least they can be traced.
②The findings (的确表明),however,why the sensation-seekers who multitask the most may enjoy risky distracted driving.
③It (确实指出) that many parents still limit electronic reading,mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.(2018·全国Ⅱ卷)
考点必记
本句运用了助动词do来加强语气。seem 可用作系动词或不及物动词,意为“似乎,好像”。
“do+动词原形”表示对谓语的强调。do是助动词,可用来加强语气。助动词do/does/did用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定陈述句中,与动词原形连用,以加强语气,在句子中要重读,翻译时要将其强调的意思“的确,确实,务必”等表达出来;与祈使句连用,意为“务必,一定”。
13.designvt.&n.设计
[教材原句]That is why we are considering designing a new package for our chocolate bar as well.那就是为什么我们一直考虑也为我们的巧克力条设计一个新包装的原因。(P13)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
① (design) Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)
②The textbook is designed the English beginners.
③These 30 lectures were designed (provide) students with an understanding of arithmetic.
[完成句子]
④这门课程是作为该科目的入门课而开设的。
This course an introduction to the subject.
考点必记
(1)be designed for sb/sth为某人/某物设计、计划
be designed to do sth为做某事设计、计划
be designed as被设计成
(2)designer n.设计者,设计师
(3)by design有意;故意
[写作佳句]
Color is fundamental in home design—something you’ll always have in every room.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)
色彩是家庭设计的基础,是每个房间都必须有的。
14.figureout计算出,演算出;解决;弄清楚
[教材原句]It is important to figureout exactly what you want to tell the audience and what you are trying to get them to do.确切地知道你想传递给观众的信息是什么以及你想让他们做什么,这很重要。(P18)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①When you were trying to (想清楚买什么) for the environmentalist on your holiday list,fur probably didn’t cross your mind.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)
②We did not (料到会有这么多人) at the picnic.
③Keeping a diary can help you (计算出) your daily food intake more accurately.
④I want to interview Xi Jinping,because he is recognized as (最伟大的人物之一) in the world nowadays.
⑤She had been supposed to (身材好),but now she was out of fashion.
考点必记
(1)figure on sth/figure on(sb/sth)doing sth计划/打算/预料到(某人/物)(做)某事
(2)work out算出;解决;找到答案
make out理解;看清楚
carry out执行;实施;履行;落实
(3)figure n.画像;身材;数字;体形;人物 v.估计;计算;认为
have a good figure身材好
keep one’s figure 保持体形
a public/political figure 一位公众/政治人物
15.determinevt.决定;下决心;确定;查明;裁决
[教材原句]In order to determine your audience,you will need to do a little research and analysis in advance.为了确定你的目标受众,你需要提前做一点调查研究和分析工作。(P18)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Yet,I was determined (go) ahead.(2018·北京卷)
②We should overcome our weaknesses and fears with courage and (determine).
③This made Hannah very sad,and even more (determine) to do something.
④The boy firmly determined becoming a painter.
[句式升级]
⑤Because he was determined to study hard,he bored a hole in the wall to “steal” light from his neighbor to read at night.
= ,he bored a hole in the wall to “steal” light from his neighbor to read at night.
考点必记
(1)determine to do sth决定做某事(强调动作,是非延续性动词短语)
determine on/upon 决定
(2)determined adj.坚决的;有决心的
be determined to do sth坚决要做某事(状态)
(3)determination n.决心;果断
a man of determination有决断力的人
[用法点拨]
在需要用动词-ed形式作状语的句子中,常用determined...,而不用being determined...。类似的还有seated,lost,hidden,exhausted,convinced等。
16.appealto吸引,引起兴趣;恳求;呼吁
[教材原句]It is important to always try to appealto the audience in order to get them to react in a certain way.为了使他们对产品以某种方式回应,要始终努力去吸引目标受众,这很重要。(P18)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①And,even if I weren’t excited enough about free credits,news about our instructor (足以吸引我).(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)
②Sport has become an important form of entertainment, (吸引着男男女女).
③Music (引不起我的兴趣).
④Sports have become an important form of entertainment, (吸引着所有学生).
考点必记
(1)appeal to sb吸引某人
appeal(to sb)for sth为某事恳求(某人);(向某人)请求得到某物
appeal to sb to do sth呼吁某人做某事
(2)make an appeal to sb向某人提出呼吁
have no appeal for sb引不起某人的兴趣
(3)appealing adj.有吸引力的,恳求的
17.get(sth)across(tosb)使(某事)被(某人)理解;把(某事)传达给(某人);横过,渡过
[教材原句]There are lots of different ways to get your message across when you are putting together an ad campaign.在策划广告宣传活动时,有许多不同的方式让你将信息传达给目标受众。(P18)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①They saw that a woman was trying to get out the broken window.
②I had created a way to get my messages while using as few words as possible.
③The teacher tried to explain the problem but the explanation did not get across the class.
④She and her sister have never really got .
⑤It is hard to see how people will the severe winter.
[完成句子]
⑥作为一个外向的女孩,我和同学相处得很好。
As an outgoing girl,I my classmates.
⑦众所周知,当我们需要帮助时,我们的朋友会伸出援手帮助我们渡过难关。
As we all know,our friends will lend us a helping hand when we need help and they will help us difficult situations.
考点必记
get along=get on进展,(与……)相处;应付
get through用完;耗尽;(设法)处理;完成;通过(考试等);拨通电话;熬过
get back回去,回家;找回
get down下来;吞下;记下;开始做某事
get off从……下来;出发,动身
get out of离开;从……出来;摆脱
get over克服(困难);恢复
get up起床,起立
get rid of摆脱,消灭
get hold of找到;拿到;抓住
随堂巩固迁移运用
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.In this box are some stem cells that are (urge) needed for a patient.
2.I have every confidence that he’ll get a (promote) soon.
3.The pills might (cure) him,if he’d taken them regularly.
4.I certainly think there should be a ban on tobacco (advertise).
5.If you listen to my stories carefully,you may benefit my own experiences.Will you stay?
6.It makes sense to make computer game ads that appeal this group.
7.The company has conducted a survey to find out the employees’ (react) to the new regulations.
8.The man talked for nearly an hour at the meeting,but I really didn’t know what point he was trying to get .
9.We should insist that advertising be more controlled,especially advertising (aim) at children.
10.There were numerous diving spots in the area and Larry was determined (visit) all of them.
Ⅱ.短语填空
figure out,be meant to,fall for,appeal to,get across
1.The diagram show the different stages of the process.
2.David,how can you easily trust the door-to-door salesman and therefore him?
3.The programme especially young children.
4.It would be difficult to the losses if they continue to go on strike.
5.Officers felt their point of view was not to the generals.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1.You’re meaning to pay before you go in.
2.The salesgirl persuaded them buy her clothes.
3.Well,I recommend take a bus.
4.When it came to the summer vacation,we all become excited.
5.Urging by his parents,he decided to participate in the competition.
Ⅳ.话题微写作
写作内容提示
1.如今广告成了我们生活的一部分,它们随处可见。(advertisement)
2.商业广告的目的就是要说服你购买某样东西或接受某种服务。(be aimed at)
3.特别是一些不诚实的广告就是为了骗取顾客的钱财。(cheat)
4.你可能一不小心就上了它们的当。(fall for)
5.我们必须弄清楚广告的真伪。(figure out)
6.而公益广告是宣传正能量的东西。(promote)
连句成文(参考上述提示,通过合理想象整合成一篇短文)
请完成【高考题型·组合规范练】
Unit2 Sportsevents
(主题语境:人与社会——文学、艺术与体育)
核心考点课堂突破
1.delightedadj.愉快的;高兴的
[教材原句]As a member of the International Olympic Committee,I am delighted to have been invited to your school to talk to you about the history and significance of the Olympic Games.作为国际奥委会的一员,我很高兴应邀来到贵校,跟大家讲述有关奥运会的历史及其意义。(P22)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①It’s (delight) to see so many beautiful flowers.
②The boy takes great delight pulling the cat’s tail.
③ my delight,I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.
④The children unwrapped their Christmas presents delight.
[一句多译]
令她高兴的是,她的病经过适当治疗后很快好转了。
⑤ ,her illness quickly responded to proper treatment.
⑥ delighted her was that her illness quickly responded to proper treatment.
⑦ delighted her that her illness quickly responded to proper treatment.
[完成句子]
⑧我很高兴得知你将在即将到来的暑假给我们做一个关于西方艺术的讲座。
I that you are going to give us a lecture about Western art in the coming summer holidays.
考点必记
(1)be delighted to do...乐于做……
be delighted at/by...因……而高兴
(2)delight n.乐趣;快乐;令人高兴的事
vt.给人快乐;使欣喜
(much)to one’s delight使某人(非常)高兴的是
with delight高兴地,乐意地
take delight in以……为乐
delight in sth/doing sth以……为乐
(3)delightful adj.令人愉快的,令人高兴的
[写作佳句]
①Two days later,I was delighted to hand in all of my work on time,to my teacher’s delight.
两天之后,我很开心按时交了所有的作业,这使得我的老师很开心。
②Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous.
太空旅行也许会很愉快,但与此同时也可能有无形的危险。
2.competevi.比赛;竞争
[教材原句]At the ancient Olympics,by tradition the athletes were all men and they had to compete wearing no clothes.按习俗古代奥运会的运动员都是男性,而且他们必须裸体竞技。(P22)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Max will compete in a race with/against others the first place.
②The two companies are competition with each other.
[完成句子]
③我意识到不管我是不是擅长运动,跑步就是与自己的斗争,它与竞争无关。(2018·北京卷)
I realized running was a battle against myself, or whether or not I was athletic.
[小话题写作]
④作为最小的比赛者,我必须和另外20名顶尖的学生在写作比赛中竞争以获得年度写作奖。要成为获胜者,我必须有很强的竞争力。
As the youngest ,I had to the writing contest 20 other top students the annual writing award.I must be very to be the winner.
考点必记
(1)compete with/against sb for sth与某人竞争某物
compete in参加……比赛
compete for为……而竞争
compete to do sth竞争做某事
(2)competition n.比赛;竞争
in competition with与……竞争
(3)competitor n.竞赛者;比赛者
(4)competitive adj.竞争的;有竞争力的
3.inhonourof纪念……;为向……表示敬意
[教材原句]Single women were allowed to take part in their own competition,at a separate festival inhonourof Hera,the wife of the Greek god Zeus.为纪念赫拉——希腊主神宙斯的妻子,单身女性则允许在另外一个节日参加她们自己的比赛。(P22)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①A ceremony will be held in honour the three spacemen.
②It’s great honour for me to perform before you all.
[一句多译]
我很荣幸能代表我们公司参加这次会议。
③I the conference on behalf of our company.(honour)
④ the conference on behalf of our company.(honour)
⑤I the conference on behalf of our company.(honoured)
考点必记
(1)honoured adj.感到荣幸的
be/feel honoured to do sth做某事感到荣幸
(2)honourable adj.光荣的;可敬的;高尚的
(3)show honour to sb尊敬某人;向某人表示敬意
take...as a great honour 把……当作很荣幸的事
have the honour of doing/to do sth很荣幸做某事
in honour of为向……表示敬意
it is a great honour to do sth很荣幸做某事
4.v.+it+adj.+(forsb)todosth
[教材原句]He dreamt that the Olympics would makeitpossibleforpeopleofallcountriestolive side by side in peace.他梦想奥运会能促使各国人民和平共处。(P22)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①The Internet makes (人们更容易) to know about the world.
②China thinks it important (联合国起着关键作用)in the international affairs.
③I consider it a great honour that (受邀参加晚宴).
④I (觉得学诗很有趣) written in the Tang Dynasty with you.
[小话题写作]
⑤我的英语还可以,在我的学习中有两个主要的问题,一是我觉得背单词很难,二是我经常在说英语的时候感到紧张。
My English is just OK and the two main problems in my study are by heart,and that I often feel nervous .
考点必记
句中使用了“v.+it+adj.+(for sb) to do sth”这一句式,该句式中it是形式宾语,指代真正的宾语——不定式(短语)。常用于此句式的动词有:make,consider,think,find,believe,feel等。
(1)“动词+it+adj./n.+to do sth”句式中,it为形式宾语,真正的宾语是动词不定式。
(2)“动词+it+adj./n.+that”句式中,it为形式宾语,真正的宾语是that从句。
(3)“动词+it+no good/no use...+doing sth”句式中,it为形式宾语,真正的宾语是动词-ing形式。
(4)常跟it作形式宾语的动词有:believe,think,feel,find,notice,make等。
(5)在习惯用法中,hate,like,love,appreciate,enjoy,take,have后常先接it再接由if或when等引导的从句。
5.absencen.缺席,不在场;不存在
[教材原句]At the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics,the People’s Republic of China returned to the Olympics after 32 years’absence.1984年洛杉矶奥运会上,中华人民共和国在阔别32年后重返奥运会。(P23)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Now all that was needed were the parents,but they were (absence).
②Tom was absent school because he was ill.
③His attention absorbed by the screen,he just nodded (absent).
④His absence mind led to a lot of mistakes.
[句式升级]
⑤The decision was made while I was not there.
=The decision was made .
考点必记
(1)in one’s absence/in the absence of sb在某人不在的时候
absence of mind心不在焉
(2)absent adj.缺席的;不在的
be absent from缺席……
be present at出席……
(3)absently adv.心不在焉地
[名师指津]
absence指“不在”或“缺席”这一事实时是不可数名词;指“不在场的次数或时间”时是可数名词,有复数形式。
6.hangon(在逆境中)坚持;握住不放;不挂断
[教材原句]Yet,she hungon to win the gold medal in the final match.但她一直坚持到决赛,夺得了冠军。(P23)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①I saw him step forward for a moment but then (紧张地退缩了).
②Please (等一下); I’ll look for the manager and tell him you are on the phone for him.
③If you continue to (和……一起玩) that group of bad boys,you’ll fail in your exams.
[句式升级]
④I know you are tired,but try to hang on.
=I know you are tired,but try .
考点必记
hang about/around/round徘徊,闲逛
hang back(from sth)犹豫;畏缩不前
hang on to sth紧紧抓住
hang out外出玩
hang over笼罩;使忧心忡忡
hang together符合,一致,同心协力;相互支持
hang up挂断电话
[用法点拨]hang on做“坚持”讲,相当于hold on,stick to,insist on等。
7.attemptvt.尝试;努力;试图 n.努力;尝试
[教材原句]These are some of the Olympic athletes who have brought joy to people across the world with their attempts to push the boundaries of human achievement.以上是努力推进人类成就极限、给世界人民带来喜悦的奥林匹克运动员中的一部分。(P23)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①I passed my driving test my first attempt.
②Someone has made an attempt the president’s life.
③He attempted (escape)from the prison,but he couldn’t find anybody to help him.
④We stepped out of the car an attempt to take in the full beauty of the scenery.
[句式升级]
⑤The climbers will attempt to reach the summit again today.
=The climbers will the summit today.
考点必记
(1)attempt to do sth试图做某事
(2)make no attempt未做努力
at/on one’s first attempt在某人第一次尝试时
in an attempt to do sth尝试做某事
make an attempt to do/on sth=make an attempt at doing sth试图做某事
[名师指津]
attempt指可数的尝试时,要注意不能随便省略掉冠词an,如make an attempt。不可数时不用冠词,如make little attempt。
8.passsthon(tosb)转交;传给;递给
[教材原句]Now he’s passingthetorchonto Gao Min,who first competed in the 1988 Olympics...现在他把火炬传递给了在1988年首次参加奥运会的高敏……(P25)
语境巧练
[用pass的相关短语完成句子]
①She (去世) peacefully in her sleep at the age of 96.
②Old people (世代相传) tradition to the younger generation.
③The waterway is wide enough for many ships to (经过).
④He felt sick and dizzy and then (晕倒).
⑤Is there anything particular you want me to (转交) Ann?
[完成句子]
⑥这给我上了宝贵的一课,我也把它传授给了在市场上工作的人。(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)
That taught me a valuable lesson and I who work in the market.
考点必记
pass away去世;消失,消逝
pass down世代相传,流传
pass through经过,路过
pass out晕倒;失去知觉
pass by经过(……的旁边);未影响
pass over忽略,不考虑
[写作佳句]
Pass the book onto me when you’ve finished with it.
你看完那本书后请传给我。
9.otherwiseadv.否则;另外;在其他方面
[教材原句]Otherwise,you may hurt yourself.不然的话,你会伤到你自己。(P31)
语境巧练
[翻译句子]
①你最好现在就走,要不然就赶不上火车了。
②我们当时不知道你遇到了困难,要不然我们会帮助你的。
③租金很贵,但房子倒是很好。
④我很庆幸自己对学习怀有兴趣,不然我会疯掉的。
[句式升级]
⑤Seize the chance,otherwise you will regret it.
=Seize the chance, you will regret it.
考点必记
(1)otherwise作连词,意思为“否则;要不然”,相当于 or,or else 或 if not。
(2)otherwise作副词,具有下列意义:
“另外;别样”,相当于 differently 或 in another way
“在其他方面”,相当于 in other or different ways
“相反地;要不然;否则”,相当于 in the other way 或 on the contrary
(3)otherwise作形容词,具有以下意义:
“另外的;不那样的;不同的”,相当于 not as supposed 或 in a different state “其他方面的;其他性质的”
(4)otherwise组成的短语:and otherwise,or otherwise意为“或相反;或其他情况”
(5)otherwise用于虚拟语气
10.beof+抽象名词=be+相关形容词
[教材原句]I hope this information will beofuse to you.我希望这个信息对你有用。(P36)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①This refrigerator is of (高质量) and is not expensive either.
②He declared it was of (没用) to work on his farm.
③These courses are of (很大帮助) for an English interpreter in the field of foreign trade.
[句式升级]
④It is very important for college students to master a foreign language.
= for college students to master a foreign language.
考点必记
be of+抽象名词=be+相关形容词。如help,value,importance等,这些名词前还可用great,no,little等词修饰。
be of no use=be useless没用,没有帮助的
be of great help=be very helpful很有帮助的
be of no importance=be not important不重要的
11.powervt.激励;使……有力量;供以动力 n.能源;力量;威力;电力;能力;权力
[教材原句]These include familiar sports,such as baseball,as well as more unusual sports,such as power boating.这些既包括我们熟悉的运动项目,如棒球,也有更多不常见的运动项目,如汽艇。(P38)
语境巧练
[写出下列句中power的含义]
①Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred.
②It is said that he has the power of holding his audience.
③So enormous was the hurricane’s power that it carried away the whole building.
④The police and the army have been given special powers to deal with such a situation.
⑤All these modern educational aids are powered by electricity.
考点必记
(1)come to/into power掌权;上台
in one’s power尽某人的努力;力所能及
do all/everything in one’s power=do one’s best尽力而为;竭尽全力
(2)powerful adj.强大的;强有力的
[写作佳句]
China’s soft power grows in line with the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally.(2018·江苏卷,单项填空)
随着在全球范围内人们对中国理解和赞赏的增多,中国的软实力在增长。
12.makewayfor给……让路;让位于……
[教材原句]These sports were judged to have become less popular,and had to makewayfor new sports which are more popular.这些运动被认为不那么受欢迎了,不得不为更受欢迎的新运动让路。(P38)
语境巧练
[短语填空]
lose one’s way lead the way in the way give way to in no way under way
①We must not their demand that the report be made public.
②Asia’s housing price rises ,as they did when the data were last published in July.
③We in the dark.
④You’ll have to move—you’re .
⑤ can teaching in school be separated from practice.
⑥An investigation is to find out how the disaster happened.
[完成句子]
⑦一般来说,你抵达的时间绝不能晚于约定的时间。
Generally speaking, should your arrival be later than the fixed time.
考点必记
give way to让步;退让;屈服
lose one’s way迷路
lead the way领先
find a way out找到出路
feel one’s way摸索着走
in the/sb’s way妨碍;挡着……的路
all the way一路上
on the way即将到来
on the/one’s way (to)在(去……的)途中
by way of路经,途经(=via);通过……的方式
by the way顺便说
in a way在某种程度上;有点,有几分
in this/that way用这/那种方法
in no way决不(位于句首,句子用倒装)
no way没门
under way 在进行,在举行
[名师指津]
give way to还有“代替”的意义:
But now optimism had given way to doubt.
但是现在怀疑已经代替了乐观。
13.tievt.打成平局;(用绳、线)系,绑,捆(反untie解开,打开) n.平局;关系,联系,纽带;领带
[教材原句]The match was tied with minutes to go.这场比赛打成平局,只余下几分钟。(P39)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①The scores (打成平局) at 3-3.
②The hostage was (被捆绑起来) and blindfolded.
③I want to work but I (被束缚在) the house with the baby.
考点必记
(1)tie up系紧;捆牢;扎紧;包扎好;拴住
tie...to...把……绑/拴在……上
be tied to sth被……束缚/约束
(2)end/finish/result in a tie以平局结束
have close ties with与……有密切的关系/联系
随堂巩固迁移运用
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.“Hang , Mum,” he said.“This won’t take a second.”
2.Food can also have a specific meaning,and play significant role in a family or culture’s celebrations or traditions.
3.Many people hope to possess great wealth,but as a matter of fact,it is health really counts.
4.I was delighted (receive) little gifts,such as sweets and flowers,at this time last year.
5.His uncle tells him that if his cousin wins the (compete),the family will win an overseas tour for free.
6.Jack quickly established himself as a (power) member of the new company.
7.In our hometown,it is (tradition) to visit relatives one by one during the Spring Festival.
8.Timely encouragement from a teacher is very (significance) to his/her students.
9.For years researchers (attempt) to show that television is dangerous to children.
10.The girl came back to her own home at last,happy and (excite).
Ⅱ.短语填空
pass...on to,lead the way,in honour of,make way for,by tradition
1.The old people can their knowledge and experience their next generation.
2.When older men retired they younger men to take their places.
3.In many countries,mothers stayed home with their children .
4.The director received us and into one of the buildings.
5.We built the monument our heroes.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1.The girl started to make a speech,nervous but exciting.
2.We just want to lead way and show some examples of what can be done.
3.The discovery of the new drug is of great significant to people suffering from heart problems.
4.He is a frequently visitor to the house.
5.What I do find interesting is the original of the universe and the nature of black holes.
Ⅳ.话题微写作
写作内容提示
1.在2016年里约奥运会上中国女排赢得了最后的冠军。(final champion)
2.夺冠的消息让全国人民兴奋不已并且意义重大。(excite,significance)
3.由知名教练郎平带领的中国女排再一次为祖国赢得了荣誉。(well-known,honour)
4.虽然在夺冠的路上困难重重,但她们坚持了下来,一路领先。(hang on,lead the way)
5.她们的团队精神是值得我们学习的宝贵财富。(precious)
连句成文(参考上述提示,通过合理想象整合成一篇短文)
请完成【高考题型·组合规范练】
Unit3 Tomorrow’sworld
(主题语境:人与社会——科学与技术)
核心考点课堂突破
1.realityn.[U]现实,真实;[C]事实,现实(的事物)
[教材原句]RealCine—virtual reality for everyone RealCine——人人都能享受的虚拟现实(P42)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①I (real) don’t know what to write about.
② reality,my grandfather can no longer walk.
③Our income has got smaller,so we must be (real) and sell our car.
[完成句子]
④如果它不是一个真正的机会呢?(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
What if it isn’t a ?
考点必记
(1)in reality事实上,实际上
come into reality实现
(2)realize vt.实现;意识到,了解
(3)realistic adj.现实的;现实主义的
(4)really实际上,真实地
2.amazevt.使惊奇,使诧异
[教材原句]The RealCine experience will amaze you,and you will agree that this is an extraordinary technology that deserves to be developed further.RealCine的体验将会让你感到惊奇,你将会认同一个观点:这是一项非同凡响的技术,值得对其进行进一步开发利用。(P42)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①And by doing so,I changed an unhappy experience into the most (amaze) adventure of my life.
②She looked at him in (amaze).
③I was (amaze) to learn she was still writing her stories.
④You’d be amazed the difference it makes in your attitude to life.
[句式升级]
⑤To his amazement,the bee began to perform a dance.
= was that the bee began to perform a dance.(what主语从句)
=He the bee began to perform a dance.(be amazed to do)
[完成句子]
⑥然而,最让你惊讶的是以下这个新功能。
However, is the following new function.
考点必记
(1)amazing adj.令人吃惊的
amazed adj.惊奇的;惊讶的
be amazed at/by sth对……感到惊讶
be amazed to do sth因做某事而感到惊讶
It’s amazing that...令人惊讶的是……
(2)It amazes sb that...使某人吃惊的是……
=What amazes sb is that...
(3)amazement n.惊讶,吃惊;惊异
in amazement惊奇地
to one’s amazement令某人惊讶的是
[用法点拨]
一些抽象名词可用于“to one’s+抽象名词”结构中,例如:amazement,delight,surprise,satisfaction,astonishment,disappointment,joy,sorrow,anger等。
3.notonly...butalso...不仅……而且……
[教材原句]Notonly will he or she feel every step of climbing Mount Qomolangma,but the user will also experience the cold,smells,sights and sounds of the surrounding environment...使用者不仅能感受到攀登珠穆朗玛峰的每一步的艰辛,还能体验到周围环境的寒冷、气味、景观和声音……(P42)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①They speak English not only in class (在寝室也说).
②Not only you but also (我也饿了).
③We were not only hungry, (而且也累了).
④Not only the students but also their teacher (也在欣赏这部影片).
⑤Not only (他们需要) clothes,but also they are short of water.
[小话题写作]
⑥我很想采访他,因为他不仅是第一个进入太空的中国人,而且是世界上最伟大的宇航员之一。
I would really like to interview him because he is astronauts in the world.
考点必记
(1)not only...but also...用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分,着重强调后者,意为“不仅……而且……”;其中的also有时可以省略。
(2)not only...but also...连接两个句子,且not only位于句首时, not only后面的句子要用部分倒装。
(3)not only...but also...连接的两个并列成分作主语,其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致,即就近原则。
(4)适用于“就近原则”的结构还有:either...or...,neither...nor...,not...but...等。
[写作佳句]
Notonly does the sun give us light butalso it gives us heat.
太阳不仅给我们光明,也带给我们热量。
Notonly I butalso Tom and Mary are fond of watching television.
不仅我,而且汤姆和玛丽也都喜欢看电视。
4.addto使增强;使增加;使扩大
[教材原句]To addto the virtual world of RealCine,the headsets even have small openings that give out smells to match the environment.给RealCine虚拟世界锦上添花的是,耳机上甚至还有一些小孔,可以释放出与环境相匹配的气味。(P42)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①His whole school education added to no more than one year.
②Whatever rooms you might add your house of life,the secret of enjoying life is to keep adding.
[完成句子]
③另外,我们已经加深了对英国文化的理解。
,we have deepened the understanding of the British culture.
考点必记
add up把……加起来,相加;有意义,有道理
add up to合计/累计达到(数字);表明是
add...to...把……加到……里
add that...补充说……
in addition另外
5.giveout发出(气味、光、热、声音等);分发,散发 vi.用完,耗尽;筋疲力尽
[教材原句]To add to the virtual world of RealCine,the headsets even have small openings that giveout smells to match the environment.给RealCine虚拟世界锦上添花的是,耳机上甚至还有一些小孔,可以释放出与环境相匹配的气味。(P42)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①The young man gave his seat to an old woman.
②She wouldn’t give until she received a full apology.
③She gave all her money to the poor.
[写出下列句子中giveout的中文意思]
④The flowers in the garden give out pleasant smell.
⑤Some people say the coal on the earth will give out in hundreds of years.
⑥After climbing up the mountain,I gave out.
⑦Mark earns pocket money by giving out leaflets in the street.
考点必记
give away 赠送,捐赠;颁发(奖品等);泄露(秘密等)
give back 归还,还给
give off 发出(气味、光、热等)(与give out意思基本相同,但“发出”声音时要用give out)
give in (to sb/sth) (向……)投降/屈服/让步;交上(=hand in)
give up放弃;认输;停止(接sth或doing sth)
6.confidentadj.自信的,有自信心的;肯定的,有把握的(=sure)
[教材原句]This encouraged him to become more confident around others.这激励他在周围其他人中更加自信。(P42)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①I have (confident) in beating you in the competition.
②Your encouragement made me more confident my future.
[句式升级]
③Despite the current difficulty,he still has confidence in his team.
=Despite the current difficulty,he in his team.
考点必记
(1)be confident of/about对……有信心;确信……
be confident of doing sth做某事有信心/有把握
be confident in oneself自信
(2)confidence n.自信心,自信;信任
have confidence in对……有信心;信任……
7.putforward提出(观点、议案等),提议
[教材原句]An argument has been putforward that some users will be disappointed by RealCine because VR is not real.有人提出了这样的不同看法:RealCine会让某些用户感到失望,因为虚拟现实毕竟不是现实。(P43)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①The authority was also told to (提出计划) to deal with the loss of dolphin habitat.
②No longer being able to (忍受牙痛),I went to consult a dentist.
③Love or hatred, (搁置起来).
④But (在一个更好的建议被提出来之前),we’ll make do with it.
⑤So I suggest the topic (应该被提出) for netizens to discuss.
⑥After getting the work done,we (立了一个标示牌) to remind people to protect the trees.
考点必记
put/set/lay aside搁置一旁,把(钱、时间等)留存起来
put away收拾起来,放好;储存
put down 放下;记下,写下;镇压
put in 把……写进;插话
put off 推迟
put on 穿上;增加体重;上演
put out 扔掉;扑灭;生产
put up with 容忍
put back放回;拨回时钟
put together组合,拼凑
put up建造;举起;张贴
8.conveniencen.方便,便利;便利的设施或用具
[教材原句]In reality,he is disabled and can no longer walk,but he was able to see and touch a lion while still in the convenience of the VR studio.在现实中,他是残疾的且不能再走路,但是在虚拟现实工作室的帮助下他能够看到并触碰到一头狮子。(P43)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①We bought this house (为了方便);it’s near the school.
②We can meet to discuss this further (在你方便时).
③A new general store has been built (为了方便)residents.
④This man seldom thinks of (给大家带来的不便).
⑤ (如果方便的话),may I pay a visit to your office next Tuesday?
考点必记
(1)at one’s convenience在某人方便时
for convenience为方便起见
for the convenience of为了方便……
(2)inconvenience n.不便利;不方便
(3)convenient adj.方便的;便利的
It is convenient for sb to do...对某人来说做某事很方便。
[用法点拨]
①convenient作表语时,不能用表示人的名词或代词作主语,多用于It is convenient for sb to do...。
②convenience意为“方便;便利”时,为不可数名词;意为“便利的事物;便利设施”时,为可数名词。
9.disadvantagen.缺点;不利因素;障碍
[教材原句]However,the cost of building a VR studio is quite high,and this seems like a real disadvantage.然而,建造一个虚拟现实工作室的费用太高,而且这似乎还是一个真正的缺点。(P45)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①E-books have advantages,while also having (advantage).
②He never takes advantage women in business dealings,nor of the poor or the helpless.
③His decision is (advantage) to us.
[完成句子]
④ (对他有利的是),he is smart and hard-working, (比……占优势) others.He should (充分利用) this and overcome his (劣势) to achieve his dream.
考点必记
(1)advantages and disadvantages利与弊
at a disadvantage处于不利地位
to one’s disadvantage/to the disadvantage of sb对某人不利
put/place sb at a disadvantage使某人处于不利地位
(2)advantage n.有利条件;有利因素;优势
take advantage of利用
have an advantage over sb比某人强;占上风(尤指知其所不知)
(3)advantageous adj.有利的;有好处的
advantageously adv.有利地;有好处地
10.lastbutnotleast最后但同样重要的是
[教材原句]Lastbutnotleast,it has been announced that a new kind of washing machine has been developed.最后但同样重要的是,已经宣布开发出了一种新型的洗衣机。(P49)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①His house is (倒数第二个) in this street.
②This television program is (一点也不) boring.
③No one seemed to know what was happening, (尤其是) me!
考点必记
at least至少
not in the least一点也不
least of all尤其
last but one倒数第二
[写作佳句]
Lastbutnotleast,I’d love to thank all my teachers and friends.
最后但同样重要的是,我要感谢我所有的老师和朋友。
11.accusevt.控告;指控;指责,责备
[教材原句]He was accused of piracy by the music industry.他被音乐行业起诉剽窃。(P51)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①His neighbour accused him playing the musical instrument too loudly.
②The police have warned possible delays.
③Please inform us any changes of address.
[句式升级]
④The newly-appointed mayor was said to be accused of cheating on his income tax.
=The newly-appointed mayor was said to cheating on his income tax.
= ,my father sent my brother and me to a summer school.
考点必记
(1)accuse sb of (doing)sth因(做)某事而控告/指控/指责某人
(2)charge sb with sth指控某人(做了)某事
(3)inform sb of sth通知某人某事
rob sb of sth抢劫某人某物
rid sb of sth使某人摆脱某物
warn sb of sth警告某人某事
remind sb of sth提醒某人某事
cure sb of sth治愈某人的某种疾病
12.itisabouttimesbdidsth是某人该做某事的时候了
[教材原句]In my opinion,itisabouttimewehadnewcomputers.在我看来,我们应该有新电脑了。(P53)
语境巧练
[句式升级]
①It’s time for the local government to take measures to protect the environment.
=It’s time that the local government measures to protect the environment.
②He has got full marks in the physics exam for the second time.
=It is the second time full marks in the physics exam.
= that he full marks in the physics exam.
[完成句子]
③该是电影产业做出更大努力来吸引更多观众的时候了。
the film industry should make greater efforts to attract more viewers.
考点必记
(1)It is (about/high) time (that) sb did/should do sth是某人该做某事的时候了。(that可省略,从句中用动词的过去式或用“should + 动词原形”,should不可省略)
(2)It is (about/high) time (for sb) to do sth是(某人)该做某事的时候了。(如果有for sb可以和上一个句式换用)
(3)It/This/That is the first time that sb have done sth某人第一次做某事。
=It is the first time for sb to do sth
=sb do sth for the first time
13.escapevi.逃跑,逃离;逃脱 vt.避开,避免;被遗忘,被忽视 n.逃离;逃脱
[教材原句]It was too fast for them to escape.速度太快了,他们无法逃离。(P58)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Imagine that a police officer is chasing a thief.The thief tries (escape).(2020·天津卷)
②I congratulated myself on narrow escape when a big billboard fell from a high building.
③He escaped (kill) when the magazine exploded because he had not gone to work.
[完成句子]
④与逃逸的司机相比,我为自己所做的事感到自豪。
Compared with ,I am proud of what I did.
考点必记
(1)escape from从……逃跑/逃脱/逃避
escape doing sth逃避/避免做某事
escape death/punishment死里逃生/逃脱惩罚
(2)have a narrow escape九死一生;幸免于难
[名师指津]
escape本身为“离开”的意思,无须再加away 或者off等副词。
14.wornadj.破旧的;疲惫的
[教材原句]There was a city in front of me that appeared very old and worn.我面前是一座破旧不堪的城市。(P59)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①In our modern world,when something wears ,we throw it away and buy a new one.
[用dress,dressup,bedressedin,puton,bein,wear,haveon填空]
②Always our monitor a blue sweater.
③It’s cold outside,and you had better your coat.
④Your sister is too young.You should help her.
⑤Something is wrong with Ms Jone’s eyes.So every day she a pair of glasses .
⑥The boys were all as pirates.
考点必记
(1)wear vt.穿着,戴着;面露;留着(胡须等);磨损
wear out穿破; 磨损; (使)筋疲力尽; 耗尽
(2)dress 宾语为人,表示“给某人穿衣服,打扮某人”
dress up “打扮,使穿上盛装”
be dressed in “穿着”,表示状态,和be in同义
put on “穿上”,强调穿的动作,宾语为衣服
be in “穿着”,强调状态,它是介词,后常接表示颜色的名词作宾语
wear “穿着,戴着”,强调状态,宾语为服饰等
have on表示状态,但它不可用于进行时态
随堂巩固迁移运用
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.Having survived that night,we were (confidence) that everything else would be all right.
2.One (advantage) of the project is that it costs too much.
3.I didn’t get much of an (impress) of the place because it was dark when we drove through it.
4.Energy cannot give .It is only changed from one form into another.
5.The engine of the ship was out of order and the coming typhoon (add) to the helplessness of the crew at sea.
6.We hope that you will accept our invitation if it is (convenience) for you.
7.We were rather (disappoint) that you were not able to come yesterday.
8.If you know first aid,it isn’t difficult for you to help an (injure) person in an accident.
9.China has made (amaze) achievements in space in the past few years.
10.I’m going to ask each of you to make a short (present) to what you saw.
Ⅱ.短语填空
put forward,as to,last but not least,add to,close down
1.The students new proposals on the running of the college to the College Education Committee.
2.Her colleagues’ laughter only her embarrassment.
3.If the firms fail to make enough money,they will soon.
4. the air pollution,I think the chemical factories are to blame.
5.I would like to thank my publisher,my editor and, ,my husband.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1.The book explains how animals and plants develop with the environment changes.
2.The Internet brings much convenient to us.
3.He emphasized the importance of carefully driving.
4.If you visited our school this month,you will be amazed to see a modern stadium being built here.
5.The teacher accused him with lying.
Ⅳ.话题微写作
写作内容提示
1.虚拟现实技术有着广泛的用途。(function)
2.关于城市规划,我对他们提出的方案很有信心。(as to,confident)
3.我希望在不久的将来,虚拟城市规划能变成现实。(reality)
4.到那时,我们的城市生活将会更加便利。(convenient)
5.人们将生活在更安全的环境中,他们的生活会更快乐。(secure,happiness)
连句成文(参考上述提示,通过合理想象整合成一篇短文)
请完成【高考题型·组合规范练】
Unit1 Gettingalongwithothers
(主题语境:人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通)
核心考点课堂突破
1.musthavedone一定做了某事
[教材原句]I musthavesounded very proud of myself after the quiz,saying how easy it was and how I was sure to get a good grade.考试之后,我一定是听上去洋洋得意,说考题实在太简单了,我肯定能取得好成绩。(P2)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①At some time in the past Yellowstone (一定发生爆炸) with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans.(2019·江苏卷)
②He (一定是三十岁左右).
③She (一定做得不错) in the company.
④She (不可能那样做),for she is not that kind of girl.
考点必记
(1)must have done sth表示主观推测某人肯定做了某事,它强调讲话人主观推测某事已在过去某个时候发生了。
(2)must be doing sth表示讲话人主观推测某人此时肯定正在做某事。
(3)must be+n./adj.一定是……
(4)must do sth必须做某事
(5)这种表示主观推测的句型的否定形式为“sb+can’t be+n./adj./do sth/be doing sth/have done sth”。
2.pretendvt.&vi.假装;装扮,扮作
[教材原句]Afterwards,I pretended to be cheerful,but Hannah sensed something was wrong.后来,我假装很开心,但汉娜还是觉察到哪儿有点不对劲。(P2)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①She would open a book,pretending (read),with tears dropping on the open page.
②So I carried around a book,and each night,just to be like her,I would pretend to (read).(2019·天津卷)
[完成句子]
③当我在学习中遇到难题时,我会向同学或老师求助,而不是不懂装懂。
When faced with difficulties in learning,I won’t ,but turn to my classmates or teachers.
考点必记
pretend to do sth假装做某事
pretend to be doing sth假装正在做某事
pretend to have done sth假装做过某事
pretend (that)...假装……
[名师指津]
与pretend有类似用法(后接to do/to be doing/to have done)的动词还有happen,appear,seem,claim等及be said to结构。
3.admitvt.&vi.承认;允许进入,接纳
[教材原句]We went to wash our hands in the girls’ washroom before lunch and I admitted how badly I had done.午餐前,我们一起去女洗手间洗手时,我承认考得有多么糟糕。(P2)
语境巧练
[用admit的适当形式填空]
①Joe is proud and stubborn,never he is wrong and always looking for someone else to blame.
②Up till now, to college is by exam only.If you cannot pass the exam,you will not into college.
③Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium visitors from 9:30 am until 6:00 pm.
[完成句子]
④如果我们承认这是一扇门,他们就会不断地想出去。这会让我们发疯。(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
,they’ll want to go outside constantly.It will drive us crazy.
考点必记
(1)admit sth/doing sth/having done sth承认某事/做某事/做过某事
admit+n./pron.+to be...承认……是……
admit sb/sth into/to...允许某人/物进入……;成为……中的一员
be admitted as...作为……被接受
admit of sth容许;有……可能(指解决办法、解释等)
admit that 承认……
(2)admission n.允许进入;供认;入场费
(3)admittance n.入场券,准入
4.forgive(forgave,forgiven)vt.原谅,宽恕;免除(债务)
[教材原句]I don’t think I can ever truly forgive her.我想我永远也不会真正地原谅她。(P2)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Forgive yourself mistakes that you have made.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
②He begged (forgive) for what he had done.
[完成句子]
③摒弃前嫌也是一种美德,尤其是在竞争如此激烈、压力如此沉重的社会中。
It is also a virtue ,especially in such a competitive and stressful society.
考点必记
(1)forgive sb for (doing)sth 原谅某人(做了)某事
forgive sb sth 原谅某人某事
(2)forgiveness n.原谅,宽恕 forgiving adj.宽宏大量的;宽容的
forgivable adj.可原谅的
5.focusvi.&vt.集中注意力于……;(使)聚焦
n.焦点;焦距;重点;(地震的)震源
[教材原句]The other team was superb and we really had to focus.那支球队很棒,我们必须集中精力。(P3)
语境巧练
[写出下列句中focus的含义]
①The UN’s role in promoting peace is increasingly the focus of international attention.
②He took out the telescope and adjusted the focus.
③The noise made it hard for me to focus on work.
④If you focus the sun’s rays on dry wood with a burning-glass,it will start burning.
[单句填空]
⑤Your announcement moved me to tears,especially the focus our children.
⑥Too often,when you stand up to give a speech,you focus the “public” at the expense of the “speaking”.(2020·山东卷)
考点必记
(1)focus on/upon...集中注意力于……上
focus one’s attention/thoughts on...集中注意力/思想于……上
(2)the focus on/for...关注点,注意力的集中点
focus of attention/concern关注的焦点
bring sth into focus(使某物)清晰或在焦点上
[写作佳句]
The coach is able to focus on the kids...(2019·全国Ⅱ卷,阅读) 教练能够集中关注孩子们……
6.mannern.方式;态度;举止
[教材原句]He got annoyed,saying it wasn’t his fault if he couldn’t play as well as me,and that I shouldn’t talk to him in this manner.他被惹火了,说他的球技不如我不是他的错,还说我不该以这种方式和他说话。(P3)
语境巧练
[用manner,means,way,method,approach的正确形式填空]
①If he changes his of thinking,his teaching will present a new to foreign language teaching and by this the students will make great progress,but his is disappointing.
[写出句中manner的含义]
②“Small talk is the basis of good manners,” he says.(2018·全国Ⅱ卷)
③Do it in this manner.
④I don’t like his manner.
[单句填空]
⑤He was so angry when the policeman stopped him that his face,in manner of speaking,was red as the traffic lights that he had driven past.
考点必记
have good/bad manners 有/没有礼貌
what manner of...什么样的……
in a manner of speaking 不妨说;从某种意义上说
[易混辨析]
manner,method,way,means与approach
(1)manner通常用单数形式,其后可以接“of+动词-ing形式”。主要表示个人喜欢采用的方式,而且manner 不用于表示传统或习俗所形成的方式、方法。
(2)method是可数名词,其后接“of/for+动词-ing形式”,不接不定式;特指系统的方法、方式。
(3)way是可数名词,最通用。其后可以接to do...,也可以接“of+动词-ing形式”。
(4)means单复数形式相同,多指抽象的或概括性的方法,强调为达到某种目的而采用的方法、手段或途径。
(5)approach多表示解决某问题的方法、手段或途径。
7.that在宾语从句中不能省略的情况
[教材原句]He got annoyed,saying it wasn’t his fault if he couldn’t play as well as me,and that I shouldn’t talk to him in this manner.他被惹火了,说他的球技不如我不是他的错,还说我不该以这种方式和他说话。(P3)
语境巧练
[翻译句子]
①He said he wouldn’t go shopping and that he would go swimming instead.
②我认为今天下午天会放晴(clear up),他们会来向我们告别的。
考点必记
句中saying后接两个并列的宾语从句,第一个是it wasn’t his fault if he couldn’t play as well as me,省略了that;第二个从句是that I shouldn’t talk to him in this manner。在第一个宾语从句中,又包含一个条件状语从句if he couldn’t play as well as me。
引导宾语从句的that一般情况下可以省略,但是当一个句子中有多个并列的宾语从句时,第一个宾语从句的that可以省略,后面宾语从句中的that则不能省略。
8.arguevi.争吵,争论;陈述理由
[教材原句]Since we argued,he hasn’t spoken to me even though we sit next to each other in class.虽然我们在教室里是邻座,但自从吵架之后,他便没有和我说过话。(P3)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Mary argued Tom out buying a new car.
②It is argument that every human being is a composite of good and evil.
③He was arguing his brother about how they should spend the money.
④An animal can’t win the (argue) with a modern man.
[完成句子]
⑤我主张每个人都应该为保护环境做贡献。
that everyone(should) make contributions to protecting the environment.
考点必记
(1)argue with sb about/over sth与某人争论某事
argue for/against sth支持/反对某事
argue sb into/out of doing sth说服某人做/不做某事
(2)argument n.争论;论据
beyond argument无须争论
settle an argument 解决争端
have an argument about/over sth辩论某事
9.apologizevi.道歉
[教材原句]The things he said hurt me too,but he has not apologized to me.他说的那些话也伤害了我,但他并未向我道歉。(P3)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①I must apologize you for coming late.
②I make no apology(to him) what I said.
③He accepted the (apologize) with great generosity.
[句式升级]
④He apologized to her for his rude behavior.
=He for his rude behavior.(apology)
[完成句子]
⑤我写这封信是为没有及时给你回信表示歉意。
I’m writing this letter to for not writing you back in time.
考点必记
(1)apologize(to sb)for sth/doing sth因(做)某事(向某人)道歉
(2)apology n.道歉;谢罪
make an apology(to sb)for sth/doing sth因(做)某事(向某人)道歉
offer sb an apology向某人道歉
accept sb’s apology接受某人的道歉
owe sb an apology= owe an apology to sb应向某人道歉
10.cannot(can’t)helpdoingsth忍不住做某事,不禁做某事
[教材原句]Yesterday,I saw him talking to another boy,Peter,and I cannothelpwondering if he wants Peter to be his best friend instead of me.昨天,我看见他和另一个男孩彼得说话,我忍不住想他是不是想让彼得取代我做他最好的朋友。(P3)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①You can’t help but (start)moving when you hear this song.
②I can’t help (clean)the room,because I have to do my homework.
③He can’t help (check) even at inappropriate times like when we are eating in a restaurant.
④Help (you)to whatever you like.
考点必记
(1)cannot(can’t)help doing sth意为“忍不住做某事,不禁做某事”。
can’t help but do sth不得不做某事
can’t help(to)do sth不能帮忙做某事
(2)help sb (to)do sth/help sb with sth帮助某人做某事
help sb out帮助某人渡过难关
help oneself to sth请随便吃
(3)with the help of sb在某人的帮助下
11.blamevt.责备,指责 n.(坏事或错事的)责任;责备,指责
[教材原句]While it may feel awkward,if she really is your best friend you should apologize for blaming her.尽管有点儿尴尬,但是如果她真的是你最好的朋友,你就应该因责备她而道歉。(P5)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①I often had crazy dreams in which I was (blame) for Miller’s accident.
②While we can’t change the body type we are born with,we can’t blame our genes making us fat.
③The president put the blame completely his opponent.
[完成句子]
④说实话,这是苏的错,但李也应该负有责任。
To be honest,it was Su’s fault but Li .
考点必记
(1)blame sb/sth for sth因某事责备某人/某事
blame sth on sb把……归咎于某人
be to blame(for sth)(因某事)应受责备
(2)take/accept/bear the blame for sth对某事负责任
put/lay the blame for sth on sb将某事的责任归咎于某人
[用法点拨]
表示“某人该受责备”,通常用be to blame 而不是to be blamed。
12.beforelong不久,很快
[教材原句]Talk to your friend and I’m sure that,beforelong,you’ll be back playing football together.与你的朋友谈谈,我相信用不了多久,你们就会一起回来踢足球。(P5)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①The story took place in a small village (很久以前).
② (过不了多久) I go to the university that I dream.
③He had studied a lot of English (在去英国前).
④ (不久),we caught sight of the lights in the distance.We knew we were safe.
考点必记
(1)before long“不久”,常与将来时、过去时连用,在句中作状语,不可以直接加从句。
(2)long before“很久以前”,常在过去时或过去完成时的句子中作时间状语,before后可以接名词、代词或句子。
(3)It is/was not long before...不久就……
(4)It will be long before...要过多久才……
(5)It won’t be long before...过不了多久就……
13.getthrough(用电话)接通;熬过(困境);做完,完成;(使)正式通过;用完
[教材原句]Our lines can get very busy,but please keep trying and you will soon getthrough.我们的电话线路可能很忙,但是请不断尝试,你很快就会打通的。(P13)
语境巧练
[写出下列句子中getthrough的汉语意思]
①We got through a fortune while we were in New York!
②I tried to ring my girlfriend but I couldn’t get through.
③Let’s start;there’s a lot of work to get through.
④Do you think the bill will get through Parliament?
[用through的相关短语完成句子]
⑤They will never forget the experience they (经历) last year.
⑥Everyone was very concerned whether he would (康复) or not.
⑦We finally (冲破) the unfriendly atmosphere.
⑧They immediately (看穿) what he had in mind.
⑨I (浏览) all the readings our teacher had given me.
[完成句子]
⑩微笑可以帮助我们度过困难的处境,并在满是陌生人的世界中找到朋友。
A smile can help us and find friends in a world of strangers.
考点必记
(1)get through with 结束,完成(任务)
get together 聚会,欢聚;碰头
get over 克服,解决
get rid of 摆脱;丢弃
get about 传开,传播
get in touch with 与……取得联系
get in进入;把……放进
get off下(车、飞机等);脱(衣、鞋等)
get on上(车、飞机等);进展
get out出去;(由车上)下来
get down to开始做某事
(2)go through经历,经受;仔细查看
look through浏览;往……里面看
break through冲破;突破
see through看穿;识破
pull through康复;渡过难关
14.bebasedon/upon以……为基础,以……为根据
[教材原句]Friendships between girls are usually anchored in shared feelings and support,but friendships between boys arebasedon shared activities or interests.女孩之间的友谊通常建立在共同的情感和互相支持之上,而男孩之间的友谊则以共同的活动或兴趣为基础。(P18)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work (基于)our present mental register.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
②It is dangerous to judge (凭借) first impressions.
考点必记
(1)base...on/upon...把……建立在……的基础之上
(2)on the basis of sth 根据……原因,缘由
on a daily/monthly/regular basis 每天/每月/定期地
15.respondvi.做出反应,回应
[教材原句]When asked,they usually hesitate before responding...当被问起时,他们在回答前往往会犹豫一下……(P18)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
① response to their hospitality,we wrote a thank-you letter.
②Slow to respond the change;your body clock is confused.
[句式升级]
③Receiving a message doesn’t mean you need to respond to it.
=Receiving a message doesn’t mean you need to it.
[完成句子]
④团队合作教会我们要有耐心,以及如何回应不同的人。
Teamwork teaches us to be patient and different people.
考点必记
(1)respond to(=react to)sb/sth回答某人/某物,回应某人/某事
(2)response n.回答,响应,反应
in response to...作为对……的反应
make a quick response to...对……做出很快的反应
(3)responsible adj.有责任的;可依靠的;负责的
be responsible for sth/sb对……负责
16.regardlessof不顾,不管
[教材原句]The qualities that boys and girls consider important in a friend seem to be the same,regardlessof the basis of these friendships.无论男孩和女孩友谊的基础是什么,他们所看重的朋友身上的品质似乎是一样的。(P18)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①I have nothing to say (对于你的抱怨).
②He continued speaking, (不顾及) my feelings on the matter.
③In addition,the Internet makes surveying and voting easy and convenient, (不用考虑) time and space.
考点必记
in regard to=with regard to关于;至于
in spite of=despite 不管,尽管,无论
regardless of 不管
despite the fact that...不管……
[写作佳句]
We freely exchange opinions and ideas around here,regardlessof rank relationship.
我们在这里可以自由地交换观点和想法,用不着考虑等级关系。
17.endup最后成为;最终处于;以……而告终(后接动词-ing形式)
[教材原句]I endedup returning to the train station and spending the rest of the day in the waiting room.最终我回到火车站,在候车室里度过了当天余下的时光。(P19)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Her sudden arrival put an end their meeting.
②At last I ended up (hit) the set with my fist,and it stopped working altogether.
③ the end of the day,he’ll still have to make his own decision.
④I’ve read the book beginning to end.
⑤He ran a 1500-metre race and ended up first prize.
[完成句子]
⑥整节课在我们开心的笑声和真诚的祝贺中结束。
The whole class our happy laughter and sincere congratulations.
考点必记
(1)end up with...以……结束,以……告终
end up doing sth以……而告终
end up+形容词/介词短语最终处于……状态
(2)at an end结束;终止,完结
at the end(of...)在(……的)结尾,到(……的)尽头
come to an end结束,终止
draw to an end/a close终结,结束
from beginning to end从头到尾
put an end to结束,使终止
18.relyon依靠,依赖
[教材原句]Friendship means having someone I can relyon.友谊意味着有人可以依靠。(P19)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Don’t rely on him (do) anything;he’s just a talker.
②You may rely on that I shall help you.
③So you have to rely on (do) it yourself.
[完成句子]
④要是你们能帮我们一个忙,我们将非常感激。
We would much you could do us a favour.
⑤不要想当然地认为他们会支持你。
they will support you.
⑥在我看来,他从不食言;你可以放心,他会按时来见你的。
As far as I’m concerned,he never breaks his word; he’ll come to meet you on time.
考点必记
(1)rely on/upon 依靠,依赖
rely on/upon...for...指望/依靠……获得……
rely on/upon doing sth指望/依靠做某事
rely on/upon sb/sth to do sth指望/依靠某人/某物做某事
rely on it that...相信……,指望……
(2)depend on 依靠,取决于
depend on it that...相信……
[名师指津]
(1)当rely on和depend on表示“依靠;依赖”时,基本是一样的;当表示“由……决定”时,用depend on。
(2)it代替从句作形式宾语的几种结构:①动词+it+when/if从句。此类动词有appreciate,enjoy,like,dislike,love,hate,prefer等。②动词+it+介词短语+that从句。如:take it for granted that...。③动词+介词(短语)+it+that从句。如:depend on it that...;see to it that...。
19.thanksto幸亏;由于
[教材原句]Thanksto her help,I was able to pass the exam.多亏她的帮助,我才得以通过考试。(P19)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①I became interested in playing football thanks a small accident.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)
②By the end of the century,if not sooner,the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener (thank) to a warming climate,according to a new study.(2019·北京卷,阅读理解)
考点必记
thanks to的同义词组有:
(1)because of因为;由于
(2)due to因为;由于
(3)owing to归功于;由于
随堂巩固迁移运用
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.Seeing the picture,he couldn’t help (laugh).
2.Imagine how excited we were to learn that our schoolmates (admit) to some famous universities.
3.I (true) hope that you can take my suggestions into full consideration.
4.How I regretted (argue) with her about the matter of importance,which made us unhappy.
5.The student had no other choice but (apologize) to his teacher for the mistake he had made.
6.It was the professor rather than his assistant who was (blame) for what had happened in the lab.
7.She said that her theory (base) on her ten years of careful research.
8.Hopefully the teacher can be merciful to me,or I can’t get the exam.
9.To our (amuse),they had a quarrel about such a small thing.
10.All her energies (focus) on her children and she seems to have little time for anything else.
Ⅱ.短语填空
regardless of,get through,be cautious about,end up with,be based on1.It their own ideas of how they do their jobs and how computers might work.
2.You can leave the work in the charge of him,for he always everything,and never makes any mistakes.
3.I’m told he often goes swimming alone his mother’s objection.
4.I tried ringing you several times yesterday but I couldn’t (to you).
5.We travelled a long way only to find all the efforts nothing.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1.The theater you visited last week admits in 1,000 people.
2.I defeated him by knocking down his argue.
3.I told him what I was surprised at is his attitude towards his study.
4.This song based on a folk tune.
5.I’m pleased to make you acquaintance.
6.It’s time for us to change our attitude for the boy.
7.Thanks to a local worker,we rid ourselves off the trouble.
Ⅳ.话题微写作
写作内容提示
1.李华不能很好地与别人相处。(get along with)
2.对于别人对他的评论,他很敏感。(sensitive,remarks)
3.为此,他经常与同学吵架,很不受同学喜欢。(dislike)
4.多亏了班主任老师的帮助,他克服了缺点,而且也学会了道歉。(thanks to,overcome,apologize)
5.现在同学们都渴望与他交流。(eager)
连句成文(参考上述提示,通过合理想象整合成一篇短文)
请完成【高考题型·组合规范练】
Unit2 Theenvironment
(主题语境:人与自然——环境保护)
核心考点课堂突破
1.debaten.辩论,讨论 vt.争论,思考 vi.商讨,辩论
[教材原句]Today’s debate question is,‘The economy or the environment—must we choose?’今天辩论的问题是“经济还是环境——我们必须作出抉择吗?”(P22)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Our class held a debate whether students should take cell phones to school.
②The suggestion is still debate.
③He was debating to go for a walk or to visit a friend.
④You can believe in me.The truth of this news story is debate.
[完成句子]
⑤我们就环境保护问题展开了激烈的辩论:是否应该把荒野置于保护的核心。
We have :whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved.
考点必记
(1)debate about/on/over sth关于……的辩论
debate whether to do sth/debate whether+从句考虑/讨论是否……
(2)have a debate进行讨论/辩论
under debate在讨论中
beyond debate无可争辩
a heated debate激烈的辩论
2.openthefloor自由发言
[教材原句]Then we will openthefloor for discussion.之后我们将展开自由讨论。(P22)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①Let’s (自由发言) for discussion on that problem.
②If you have anything to say about the problem,you can (发言).
③Everybody should be able to (有发言权) during the meeting.
考点必记
(1)take the floor发言,参加讨论
get/have the floor得到发言权
ask for the floor征求发言权
(2)open the mind开阔思路
open one’s heart把心里的话说出来
open one’s eyes长见识,开眼界
3.倍数+what从句
[教材原句]The world’s population has grown by sixtimeswhat it was in 1800.世界人口与1800年的人口相比已增长了六倍。(P22)
语境巧练
[一句多译]
据报道,最近发现了一个新行星,几乎是地球的3倍大。
It is reported that a new planet has been discovered recently,which is almost the earth.
=which is almost the earth.
=which is almost the earth.
考点必记
本句包含一个倍数表示法,即“倍数+what从句”。
(1)A+be+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B.
(2)A+be+倍数+形容词比较级+than+B.
(3)A+be+倍数+the+名词(size,height,length,width,age,weight,etc.)+of+B.
(4)The+名词+of+A+be+倍数+than+that+of+B.
4.It+be+名词词组+动词不定式
[教材原句]Itisourdutytotry to cut back on production and reduce the number of things we make and buy.我们的职责是尽量削减产能,以及减少产量和采购量。(P22)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
① (是错误的) some people look down on blind people.
② (我们有必要) to help the disabled.
③ (真遗憾) he has made such a mistake.
④ (据说) he has gone to the USA for further study.
⑤ (看来似乎) he is sick.
⑥ (重要的是别给孩子们) too much money.
⑦ (我的职责) to clean the floor.
⑧ (他花半个小时) to go to work by underground every day.
⑨It is no good (等待) other people to make your decision for you.
⑩It is ever so nice (你们) to give us support that we need most.
考点必记
(1)It+be+名词词组+动词不定式。
(2)It+be+形容词+主语从句。
(3)It+be+名词词组+主语从句,这类名词词组有:a fact,a pity,a shame,an honour,a question等。
(4)It+be+过去分词+主语从句,这类过去分词有:announced,believed,expected,hoped,decided,reported,said,shown等。
(5)It+不及物动词+主语从句,这类不及物动词有:appear,happen,seem等。
(6)It+be+形容词+for sb+动词不定式,这类句型常用形容词easy,difficult,hard,important,possible,wise等作表语,有时候为了强调不定式动作的执行者,常在不定式前加for sb。
(7)It+be+形容词+of sb+动词不定式,这类形容词常是表示心理品质、性格特征的形容词,如:kind,nice,stupid,clever,foolish,polite,impolite,silly,selfish,considerate等。某人和这些形容词可以构成主系表结构。
(8)It+be+名词或形容词+动词-ing形式,这类名词和形容词常常是:good,no good,no use,useless,senseless等。
(9)It+takes (sb)+时间(金钱)+动词不定式。
5.cutbackon减少,削减,缩减
[教材原句]It is our duty to try to cutbackon production and reduce the number of things we make and buy.我们的职责是尽量削减产能,以及减少产量和采购量。(P22)
语境巧练
[用cut的相关短语完成句子]
①He also supplied the north when America (中断) energy aid.
②He had (切碎) the meat before his mother came back.
③Don’t try to (插嘴) while others are talking.
④When Dad lost his job,we had to (缩减) entertainment expenses.
⑤In order not to be late,she (抄近路通过) the field.
[完成句子]
⑥应立即采取行动,例如停止砍伐树木以改善环境。
Immediate action should be taken,like .
考点必记
cut across抄近路通过 cut away切除,剪掉,砍掉
cut down砍倒;削减;删节 cut in插嘴;打断
cut out删除 cut up切碎;(严重地)割伤;打伤;使伤心
cut off中断;切去,割掉;停止
[写作佳句]
①If we don’t sell more goods,we’ll have to cutbackon production.我们若不能增加货物的销售量,就必须减少产量。
②Don’t cutin so rudely while he is doing it well.
他干得好好的,你不要冒冒失失地横插一杠子。
③The floods have cutoff our supplies.
洪水切断了我们的供应。
6.operatevt.&vi.管理,经营;操作,进行;动手术
[教材原句]The people operating these factories are deeply concerned about the environment.这些工厂的经营者非常关心环境。(P23)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Do you want to let a robot operate me?
②Until the rail links are operation,passengers can only travel through the tunnel by coach.
③The plan began to be put operation.
④ (operate) become more profitable under the new organization,rather than less.
⑤He dialed the (operate)and put in a call for Rome.
[完成句子]
⑥在公众假期,一般采用星期日时间表。(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
On public holidays, .
考点必记
(1)operate on sb for...因为……给某人动手术
(2)operation n.操作;实施;军事行动;手术
in operation工作中;运行;实施
put...into operation实施;使……运转
do an operation on sb为某人动手术
(3)cooperation n.合作,协力
operator n.接线员;操作员
7.quantityn.数量
[教材原句]Ms Lin suggested we should cut back on the quantity of things we produce in order to save the environment.林女士建议为了保护环境我们应该削减我们所生产的东西的数量。(P23)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead,they absorb (大量的) lead.
②“ (不仅……的数量) phytoplankton in the ocean changing,”she said,“but the type of phytoplankton is changing.”(2019·北京卷)
[单句填空]
③Large quantities of western foods (serve) in this restaurant now.
④A large quantity of water (pollute) by the nearby factories since then.
考点必记
(1)inquantity/inlargequantities大量,许多quantitiesof+名词+复数谓语动词aquantityof+不可数名词+单数谓语动词aquantityof+复数名词+复数谓语动词
(2)“许多”的表达有:
①agreatmanyanumberof+可数名词复数
②agreatamountoflargeamountsofagreatdealof+不可数名词
8.the+名词+介词+which非限制性定语从句
[教材原句]However,I do agree that we should produce more things from materials that have been recycled,and less from raw materials,thesupplyofwhich is growing smaller and smaller.然而,我非常赞同我们应该利用回收材料制造更多的产品,减少原材料的使用,因为原材料的供应正变得越来越紧张。(P23)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①There are two buildings,the larger of stands nearly a hundred feet high.
②Last month,part of South Asia was struck by floods,from effects people are still suffering.
③They are only ordinary people,some of have overcome severe hardships to lead happy and productive lives.
考点必记
the+名词+介词+which非限制性定语从句
本句中使用了“the+名词+介词+which非限制性定语从句”的句型。该结构有以下几种变形:
①不定代词+介词+关系代词
②数词+介词+关系代词
③the+形容词比较级(最高级)+介词+关系代词
④介词+whose+名词
9.runout(of)用完,耗尽
[教材原句]What if they runout?要是它们用尽了怎么办?(P25)
语境巧练
[用run的相关短语完成句子]
①A boy (碾过) by the car and got killed immediately.
②I was walking along the beach when I (偶然碰到) John.
③The boy (追赶) the goats,but he could not get them out.
[用runoutof,runout,giveout,useup填空]
④Their savings .
⑤His strength after he ran that long distance.
⑥Making soup is a good way of leftover vegetables.
⑦I am petrol,so I have to stop at the next filling station.
⑧By this time,he had all his savings.
[一句多译]
这个男孩用完了钱,因此他不得不向父母求助。
⑨The boy’s money so he had to ask his parents for help.
⑩The boy his money so he had to ask his parents for help.
考点必记
run short of sth快用完某物
run into碰到;偶然遇到;遇到(困难);撞上
run across偶然遇到;穿过 run after追求;追赶,追逐
run away逃走,逃跑 run over轧过;碾过
run through浏览;穿过;流过
[易混辨析]
run out of,run out,give out与use up
(1)run out of 意为“用完了”,是及物动词短语,表示主动意义,主语一般是人。
(2)run out意为“……用完了”,是不及物动词短语,其主语通常是时间、食物、金钱等。
(3)give out意为“用尽,精疲力竭”,可以表示人的力气“用完”或者人“筋疲力尽”,为不及物动词短语。
(4)use up意为“用完,消耗尽”,为及物动词短语,相当于run out of。
10.impressvt.使印象深刻,留下印象
[教材原句]When I heard what you said about the environment and the economy needing to work together more,I was very impressed.当我听到你对有关环境和经济需要齐头并进的观点时,我印象格外深刻。(P31)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①A few characters are used to create a single (impress) growing out of the theme.(2020·浙江卷)
②Her times were not exactly (impress),but even so,he sensed there was something the other coaches had overlooked.
③He was impressed Benjamin’s drawings.
[完成句子]
④给我们印象最深的是你们的艺术技巧,显示出了你们过人的天赋。
were your art skills,in which you showed outstanding talent.
考点必记
(1)impress sb with sth某物给某人留下深刻印象
impress sth on/upon sb使意识到(重要性或严重性等)
(2)impression n.印象;感想;印痕
make a strong impression on...给……留下深刻的印象
(3)impressive adj.令人赞叹的
11.decreasevi.&vt.减少 n.减少
[教材原句]This is one of the cheapest and best ways of decreasing desertification.这是一种减少荒漠化最为便宜有效的方式之一。(P33)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①The average house prices (下降了13%) last year.
②By 1881,the population of Ireland (减少到520万).
③ (坦率地说) with you,the number of the people who drive after drinking is (在减少).
考点必记
(1)decrease to+数字减少到……
decrease by+数字减少了……
decrease in/of sth减少……的量
(2)on the decrease 在减少中
12.measurevt.测量,度量(大小、容量、尺寸等);估量 vi.(指尺寸、长度、数量等)度量为 n.措施,方法;(一定的)量,程度;尺度,标准;度量单位
[教材原句]The centre has over 300 scientists devoted to finding measures that will stop desertification.该中心有300多名科学家致力于找到阻止荒漠化的措施。(P33)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①You should take effective (measure)to improve your working conditions.
②Accurate (measure) is very important in science.
③The good they have done for me is measure.
[完成句子]
④Much to my sadness,I have to wear the coats (量身定制的)because I’m getting fatter nowadays.Although I know beauty shouldn’t be (以……来衡量)a good shape,it’s time for me to (采取措施减肥).
考点必记
(1)take measures/steps to do sth采取措施做某事
beyond measure无法估量;极度;非常
for good measure外加,再增加
made to measure量身定制的
(2)measurement n.度量,衡量
(3)measure...by...用……来衡量……
13.rangen.范围;一系列;山脉 vi.(在一定范围内)变化;包括;排列,排序
[教材原句]Nor is it good news for the wide range of fish and wildlife that live in or along the river.对生活在江中或沿岸的大量鱼类和野生生物来说也是个不好的消息。(P38)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①We have wide range of choices such as travelling and visiting our relatives and friends.
②There are two hundred boys ranging seven to fourteen in age.
③None of the houses our price range seemed satisfactory.
[完成句子]
④除了这些传统活动,我们还有更广泛的选择,例如旅行和拜访我们的亲戚或朋友。
In addition to these traditional activities, such as travelling and visiting our relatives or friends.
考点必记
(1)a wide range of一系列;种类繁多
in/out of range...在/超出……的范围
beyond/outside the range of超出了……的范围
(2)range from...to...在……范围内变动;包括由……到……之间的各类事物
range between...and...在……和……范围内变动
14.underway进行中
[教材原句]Two special government projects are also underway.政府的两个特别项目也在实施中。(P38)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①Our plan (正在顺利地实施).
②People (压力大的) may experience headaches and sleeping difficulties.That’s why we need to relax ourselves at times.
③ (在这种情形下),it is little wonder that they experience difficulties.
④We stand in its hour of heartbreak when the building is (受到攻击).
考点必记
under control被控制住
under discussion正在讨论中
under pressure/stress在压力下
under fire遭到炮火射击,受到攻击
under the circumstances在这种情况下
under consideration在考虑中
under no circumstances在任何情况下都不
15.in/withregardto关于,至于
[教材原句]We still have a long way to go to solve all the problems inregardto the Yangtze River.要解决有关长江的所有问题,我们还有很长的一段路要走。(P38)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①With regard your recent application ,I am afraid we are unable to offer you the job.
②He had very little to say (regard) the accident.
考点必记
in respect of关于,就……而言
concerning关于
regarding关于
16.appreciatevt.欣赏,赞赏;感激;领会,理解
[教材原句]The efforts of the Chinese government and people to protect this much-loved river will be appreciated for years to come.中国政府和人民为保护这条深受人们热爱的河流所做出的努力会在未来被感激。(P38)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①There is no one who doesn’t appreciate (call) by name.
②Here I sincerely express my (appreciate)if you could help find the lost suitcase.
[完成句子]
③Like me,this woman was here to stop,sigh and (欣赏景色).
④She learned to (感恩人生) rather than to judge everything so harshly(刻薄).
⑤Given your busy schedule, (我会感激不尽) if you could give some professional advice.
考点必记
(1)appreciate sb/sth欣赏;高度评价;理解
appreciate (one’s) doing sth感激(某人)做某事
I would appreciate it if...如果……,我会感激不尽的。
(2)appreciation n.欣赏;感激
in appreciation of欣赏;感激
[用法点拨]
(1)appreciate后接动词-ing形式。
(2)其后只能接“事”作宾语,而不能接“人”作宾语。
(3)其后不直接跟if或when引导的从句,需先接it作形式宾语,再接从句。
17.Thereisnodoubtthat...毫无疑问……
[教材原句]Thereisnodoubtthat the world climate has been changing in recent years.毫无疑问,近几年世界气候在发生着变化。(P39)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Edwina no longer had doubts about had happened to the missing money.
②It was only then that I began to have doubts my story would ever be told.
③There is no doubt she will keep her word.
[完成句子]
④他说,让人们相信海狸鼠的毛是绿色环保的并不容易,但他对此毫不怀疑。(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)
He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green,but he has .
考点必记
该句中that引导同位语从句。doubt用在否定句中,后面接that引导的同位语从句。
在否定句和疑问句中,doubt后面接that引导的从句。在肯定句中,doubt后面一般接whether或if引导的从句。
但是在肯定句中,doubt后面也可以接that引导的宾语从句,但表示疑虑较大或不相信。
18.absorbvt.吸收;理解;使全神贯注;吸引
[教材原句]Last but not least,you can plant a tree,because trees absorb the carbon dioxide in the air to produce oxygen.最后但同样重要的一点是,你可以植树,因为树能够吸收空气中的二氧化碳,释放氧气。(P39)
语境巧练
[写出句中absorb的含义]
①However,when something did interest me,I could become absorbed.
②They absorbed a great deal of Roman culture.
③The lecture completely absorbed the attention of the audience.
[句式升级]
④He was so absorbed in TV that he forgot to sleep.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
= TV,he forgot to sleep.
[完成句子]
⑤一缕微弱的光线从墙上的小孔中透过来,他正在专心致志地读书。
A weak ray of light came in through a small hole in the wall and he his reading.
考点必记
(1)absorbed adj.被吸引的;一心一意的
be absorbed in全神贯注于……,专心于……
be absorbed by被……所吞没;被……所吸收
(2)absorption n.吸收;专注
[用法点拨]
(1)absorb是及物动词,只能说absorb sth或be absorbed in sth。
(2)表示“全神贯注”的常见短语还有:be lost in,be buried in,fix/focus one’s attention on,devote...to,concentrate one’s mind on,apply oneself to,be addicted to等。
随堂巩固迁移运用
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.If lawyers’ rights can’t be fully protected,it is no use (debate) a case in a hearing.
2.A new bridge is construction across the river right now.
3.He gave an emotional account about his grandfather’s life during the war and the extraordinary (measure) he had taken to help the Chinese.
4.I’d appreciate if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
5.In the good care of the nurses,the boy is gradually recovering from his heart (operate).
6.Do you find yourself (absorb) into the small screen and missing out much of the beauty of a “real” life?
7.The doctor insisted that the boy who was seriously ill (operate) on at once.
8.We need to take (responsible) for looking after our own health.
9.A recent survey shows the number of people who shop in stores (decrease),while far more are shopping online.
10.The more powerful China becomes,the (safe) the world will be.
Ⅱ.短语填空
cut back on,open the floor,with regard to,run out of,pick out
1.We have time,so we must end the meeting.
2.Perhaps you can help me a pair of jeans now,since you are an expert.
3.Some countries have decided to the number of army,which surprises the world.
4.Please sum up very briefly and then we’ll for questions and answers.
5. the teaching method,we have not yet discussed it.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1.He pick up the phone and dialed the number.
2.I’d appreciate if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
3.Her speech made a good impress on the audience.
4.We should take some measure to solve this problem.
5.His arrive brought complete silence to the room.
6.She had almost reached her destination when something arrest her attention.
7.It was shocking that the mayor was arrested after he took office for little than a year.
Ⅳ.话题微写作
写作内容提示
1.人们越来越有环保意识了。(aware)
2.为了减少环境污染,人们已经采取了一些措施。(cut back on)
3.为了减少二氧化碳的排放,人们开始放弃使用车辆,而是骑自行车出行。(let off)
4.人们开始学着回收利用一些废弃物,倡导低碳生活。(recycle,low-carbon)
5.只有每个人都尽自己的一份责任,我们才能享有舒适的环境。(do one’s part)
连句成文(参考上述提示,通过合理想象整合成一篇短文)
请完成【高考题型·组合规范练】
Unit3 Scienceandnature
(主题语境:人与社会——科学与技术)
核心考点课堂突破
1.ontheonehand...ontheotherhand...一方面……另一方面……
[教材原句]Ontheonehand,some scientists point out that if you clone an embryo,you can produce valuable human tissues—such as bone or lung tissue—that could be used to save human lives.Ontheotherhand,many people,including some scientists,disagree and are afraid that,if mankind toys with nature in this way,we may be on our way to producing a real-life Frankenstein’s monster.一方面,一些科学家指出,如果克隆人类胚胎,你就可以制造出宝贵的人体组织——如骨组织或肺组织——它们可以用来拯救人类的生命。另一方面,包括一些科学家在内的许多人持不同意见,他们担心如果人类如此戏弄自然,可能将制造出一个现实生活中的弗兰肯斯坦怪物。(P42)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
① (一方面),we are supposed to appeal to the public to deepen the understanding. (另一方面),we ourselves should do it immediately.
②I won’t go. (一则),I have seen the film; (二则) I have an important meeting to attend tonight.
[小话题写作]
③一方面,我可以挣钱来减轻家庭的负担。另一方面,我可以积累社会经验,这对我将来的生活也有好处。
,I can earn some money to reduce the burden of my family. ,I can accumulate some social experience, .
考点必记
on the one hand...on the other hand...意为“一方面……另一方面……”,常用来表述一个事物的两个方面。通常用于引出不同的、尤指对立的观点、思想等;for one thing...for another thing...意为“首先……,再者……”,陈述的两个方面的情况常常一致。
2.intentionn.意图,目的;企图
[教材原句]Although he researches cloning,his intention has never been to create copies of humans.尽管他研究克隆技术,但他的目的从来就不是制造人类的复制品。(P42)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Using emojis can add humor and feeling,keeping (intend) clear.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)
②He returned the intention of spending the New Year with his family.
③Having always been musical from an early age,the singer seems to (intend) for the concert stage.
④I have no intention of (come) to this terrible place again!
[句式升级]
⑤The project was intended for them to do something special.
=They started the project .
考点必记
(1)with the intention/purpose of doing sth带着……目的做某事
without intention无意地
by intention故意地
have no intention of doing sth没有做某事的打算
(2)intend vt.计划,打算,想要
intend to do/doing打算做,想要做
be intended for/to do sth旨在做某事,为……打算/设计
3.anxietyn.忧虑,焦虑,不安
[教材原句]Even though human cloning is causing a lot of anxiety,it is good news for Faye Wilson,a 41-year-old saleswoman who cannot have a baby.尽管克隆人类引起了很多不安,但对于不能生育的41岁女销售员费依·威尔逊来说却是个好消息。(P42)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①People were waiting (anxious) for the government’s final decision.
②She was driven almost out of her mind anxiety.
[完成句子]
③You’re (太热衷于赚钱) and too fond of bullying people.
考点必记
(1)the anxiety for sth/to do sth对……的渴望
with anxiety焦虑地
(2)anxious adj.焦虑的,担心的;渴望的,非常希望的
be anxious to do...渴望做……,急于做……
be anxious that...盼望/渴望……(从句中常用“should+动词原形”)
(3)anxiously adv.忧虑地,不安地
[名师指津]
anxious/ready/willing/eager等词用于too...to...句型时,意义不是否定的,而是肯定的。
4.adoptvt.收养,领养;采用,采纳
[教材原句]I don’t want to adopt someone else’s child—if I had the chance,I would have a cloned baby right now.我不想领养别人的孩子——如果我有这个机会,我会立即要一个克隆婴儿。(P42)
语境巧练
[用adopt的适当形式填空]
①People with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in the sport.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
②Paul’s mother had him because she couldn’t look after him.
③He was brought up by parents in Kentucky.
④We argued her into the of the plan.
[完成句子]
⑤我希望你采纳我的建议,祝你玩得愉快。
I hope you would and have a good time.
考点必记
(1)adopt sb收养某人
be adopted by被……所收养
be adopted from选自……,取自……
adopt the homeless child收养无家可归的孩子
adopt methods/a suggestion采用方法/建议
(2)adoptive adj.领养的
adopted adj.被领养的
adoption n.领养;采纳
5.pushaheadwith义无反顾地进行,努力推进
[教材原句]While cloning human embryos is not legal in many countries,some scientists are already pushingaheadwith research in order to produce a cloned human baby.尽管克隆人类胚胎在很多国家还不合法,但一些科学家已经在加紧研究,以制造出克隆的人类婴儿。(P42)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①We had come to the conclusion that we must (推行我们的计划) to increase production.
②The government decided to go on (努力推进经济改革) in the next five years.
③The start of the game (推迟) from 2pm to 4pm.
考点必记
push sth forward提出某事
push back把……向后推,推迟
push through使……通过,使……得到批准
push aside不考虑,不去想
push in推入
push off离开
push out推出,排出
push sb/sth over使某人/某物倒下或被推翻
6.transformvt.使改变外观或性质(尤指向好的方向);使改变形态
[教材原句]On a personal note,cloning would totally transform my life.就我个人而言,克隆将彻底改变我的生活。(P43)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①She helps transform literature braille.
②They seem to transform from boys men overnight.
[完成句子]
③当你走路时,一台小型机器将行走所产生的能量转换成电能并储存起来。
When you walk,a small machine the energy produced by walking electric energy and stores it.
考点必记
(1)transform A into B 使A变成B
transform...from A to B 把……从A 变成B
transform into 转化成;改变为
(2)transformation n.(外观或性质的)改变,变革
7.if引导虚拟语气
[教材原句]IfIhad the chance,I wouldclone her immediately so that I could be with her again.如果我有机会,我会立刻克隆出她来,这样我就能够重新和她在一起了。(P43)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①They might have found a better hotel if they (drive)a few more kilometers.(2018·北京卷)
②If we (catch)the flight yesterday,we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.(2018·天津卷)
③Had I known about this computer programme,a huge amount of time and energy (save).
④This printer is of good quality.If it (break) down within the first year,we would repair it at our expense.
⑤We (be) back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map.
⑥ If Tom (spend) more time studying,he (be) able to do well in the test now.
[一句多译]
要不是你的帮助,我们是不会成功的。
⑦ your help,we couldn’t have succeeded.(if there)
⑧ your help,we couldn’t have succeeded.(if it)
⑨ your help,we couldn’t have succeeded.(but for)
⑩ your help,we couldn’t have succeeded.(without)
考点必记
[句中if引导虚拟语气]
三种情况
虚拟条件句
主句
与现在事实相反的假设
动词的过去式(be动词一般用were)
would/could/should/might+动词原形
与过去事实相反的假设
had+过去分词
would/could/should/might+have+过去分词
与将来事实相反的假设
(1)动词的过去式
(2)were to+动词原形
(3)should+动词原形
would/could/should/might+动词原形
提示:(1)当if引导的虚拟条件句中的谓语动词含有had,should,were时,可将if省略,而将had,should,were置于句首,采用倒装结构。若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式,不能用谓语动词的省略形式。
(2)当条件句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,被称作“错综时间条件句”,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。
(3)有时不是用条件句而是由介词短语(without没有,but for要不是)、连词(but但是)、副词(otherwise否则等)或上下文来含蓄地表示某种假设的情况。
8.judgement(=judgment)n.判断力;看法;评价;(法律)判决
[教材原句]I think we should be cautious and use good judgement when making decisions about cloning.我觉得在做有关克隆的任何决定时,我们都应该谨慎小心,判断准确。(P49)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Judging her letters,Mother seems to be feeling a lot better.
②His (judge) and references are decidedly American,as well as his delicate stomach.(2020·山东卷)
③ (judge) will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners.(2020·山东卷)
考点必记
(1)make judgements 做出判断
(2)judge vt.审判;判决 n.裁判员;法官
judge that...断定……
judging from/by...根据……来判断
judge sb to be...认为某人是……
9.conductvt.实施;指挥(乐队);进行;传导 n.举止;行为
[教材原句]I am sure that if you conducted a survey among UK citizens,it would show that the majority of people would not support this type of scientific research.我坚信,如果你对英国公民进行一项调查,就会看到大多数人不支持这种科学研究。(P56)
语境巧练
[写出句子中conduct的含义]
①He is famous for his good conduct.
②A study conducted in Youngstown,Ohio,for example,discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
③Who is conducting the band this evening?
④Silver has the best quality of conducting electricity.
考点必记
(1)conduct an experiment/inquiry/opera 进行实验/询问/指挥歌剧
conduct oneself 举止,表现
(2)conduction n.传导
conductor n.(乐队等的)指挥;售票员
(3)conductive adj.导电的;能传导的
10.majorityn.多数,大多数
[教材原句]I am sure that if you conducted a survey among UK citizens,it would show that the majority of people would not support this type of scientific research.我坚信,如果你对英国公民进行一项调查,就会看到大多数人不支持这种科学研究。(P56)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①The majority (be) in favour of banning smoking.
②The majority of people interviewed always (prefer) TV to radio.
③People who can speak English are the majority in this country.
[完成句子]
④当我有不同的观点时,我可能会选择放弃自己的看法,而去尊重大多数人的观点。
When I have a different opinion,I may choose to give it up and .
考点必记
(1)the majority of...大多数……,大部分……,后接名词复数形式。
(2)the majority单独作主语时,单数或复数形式都可以。
(3)in the/a majority占多数
11.take...intoconsideration考虑……
[教材原句]In summary,I insist that you take the opinions of the people of the UK intoconsideration,and end this practice immediately.总之,我坚决要求你考虑一下英国人民的意见,立即结束这种行动。(P56)
语境巧练
[介词填空]
①Your proposals are still consideration.
②Taking everything consideration,the event was a great success.
③He showed no consideration my feelings.
[用consider的适当形式填空]
④They didn’t give him heavy work his youth.
⑤Damage to the building was .
⑥It is of him to wait.
[完成句子]
⑦I hope my teacher will (考虑到) the fact that I was ill just before the exams when she marks my paper.
⑧After (考虑了所有因素之后),I decided on science as my main subject of study.
考点必记
(1)give consideration to...考虑……
show consideration for体谅;体贴
under consideration正在考虑中
out of consideration for出于对……的考虑
(2)consider vt.考虑;认为
consider (doing) sth考虑(做)某事
consider+wh-clause+to do (sth)考虑做什么
consider+宾语(+to be)+adj./n./as...把……认为/看作……
(3)considerate adj.考虑周到的
considerable adj.相当多的
considering prep.&conj.考虑到;就……而言,鉴于
12.ordinaryadj.普通的,一般的
[教材原句]Since only the best animals are cloned,cloned animals produce tastier meat that offers better nutrition than the meat of ordinary animals.因为被克隆的只是最优秀的动物,克隆动物所产生的肉味道更加鲜美,比普通动物的更加有营养。(P57)
语境巧练
[用common,general,ordinary,usual填空]
①Jackson is a English name.
②Yesterday morning he got up earlier than ,for it was not a(n) day.
③We are working together for a purpose.
④Despite the threat of war,people went about their work as .
⑤The opinion is that the conference was a success.
[完成句子]
⑥她是一位热爱自己的工作并对学生表现出极大感情的普通教师。
and shows great affection for her students.
考点必记
[易混辨析]
common,general,ordinary与usual
(1)common侧重“普通”,表示“时时发生,人所共有”,其反义词为rare。
(2)general侧重“普遍”,表示在大多数人或事物中流行并受到关注,其反义词为specific。
(3)ordinary与common基本同义,侧重“外表平凡的,普通的”,表示“随时可以碰到,不值得惊奇”,其反义词为superior。
(4)usual用来指事物,强调习惯性,一贯如此,意为“通常的,惯常的”,含有“随集体风俗或个人习惯而常常发生”之意,其反义词为unusual。
13.confirmvt.&vi.证实,证明;确认;使确信
[教材原句]Therefore,we cannot confirm that food from cloned animals is really safe for humans to eat.因此,我们还不能确认克隆动物形成的食品人类吃起来是否真的安全。(P57)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
① has been confirmed that there was no such danger.
②I came here to confirm you are understanding or not.
③The official (confirm) that the paintings were originals and worth as much as $50 million.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)
考点必记
confirm sb in sth使某人确信某事
confirm sth/that...证实……
confirm whether...or not确认是否……
It has been confirmed that...已经确定……
14.infavourof赞同,支持
[教材原句]Would anyone say that development should be stopped infavourof nature?会有人说为了保护自然就应该停止发展吗?(P58)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①They are favour of keeping a fine balance between socio-economic development and the spiritual needs of the people.
②That might be in (you) favour.
[完成句子]
③我写信告诉你一些关于我即将到来的暑假的计划,我也希望你帮我一个忙。
I am writing to tell you something about my plan for the coming summer vacation and I also want you to .
考点必记
do sb a favour=do a favour for sb帮某人一个忙
in sb’s favour对某人有利
out of favour(with)失宠;不再受欢迎
ask a favour of sb请某人帮个忙
owe sb a favour欠某人一个人情
15.比较级形式表示最高级
[教材原句]Nowhereisthistruerthan with genetically modified(GM)food.转基因食品就是最好的例子。(P59)
语境巧练
[一句多译]
汤姆是他班上最聪明的学生。
①Tom is more intelligent than student in his class.
②Tom is more intelligent than the other students in his class.
③Tom is more intelligent than all students in his class.
④Tom is more intelligent than anyone in his class.
⑤ is as intelligent as Tom in his class.
⑥No one is intelligent than Tom in his class.
⑦Tom is intelligent student in his class.
考点必记
句中nowhere...truer...是比较级的形式表示最高级的含义。在英语中,否定词与比较级连用表示最高级的含义,譬如,“no other+单数名词/nothing/no one/nobody/none...+比较级+than...”,意为“再没有比……更……的了”。
最高级意义的多种表达法:
(1)比较级+than+any other+可数名词单数
(2)比较级+than+any of the other/all the other+可数名词复数
(3)比较级+than+anyone else
(4)否定词+so/as+形容词/副词原级+as
(5)否定词+形容词/副词比较级(+than)
(6)the+形容词/副词最高级
16.permissionn.准许,许可,批准
[教材原句]Since no one really knows whether GM food is safe,many countries have hesitated to give permission for the production of GM foods,as they would rather be cautious with this new technology.由于没有人确切地知道转基因食品是否安全,许多国家在是否允许生产转基因食品问题上犹豫不决,他们宁愿对这项新技术持谨慎的态度。(P59)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①No one is allowed into the lab without the teacher’s (permit).
②The rules of the club do not permit (smoke).
③Cash machines permit you (withdraw) money at any time.
④Even if you have a ,I won’t you to enter the hall without my .(permit)
[完成句子]
⑤ (如果时间允许),we’ll discuss both questions.
= (如果时间允许),we’ll discuss both questions.
考点必记
(1)with/without(one’s)permission得到/未经(某人的)允许
ask sb for permission征求某人的许可
give sb permission to do sth允许某人做某事
have one’s permission得到某人的同意
(2)permit n.许可证 vt.允许
permit sth/ (one’s) doing sth允许某人做某事
permit sb to do sth允许(某人)做某事
work/entry permit工作/入境许可证
permit doing sth允许做某事
permit of容许(常用于否定句)
随堂巩固迁移运用
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.You can ask for (profession) help if you need.
2.The manager thought he was a (rely) person and told him all about the new plan.
3.Such a mistake would perhaps lead to very harmful (consequent).
4.Recently the company has called for supporters to join a “one person,one mail” campaign to push for (permit) for it to operate in Hong Kong.
5.I think he did it by accident,not by (intend).
6.In order to start reading this book you must have had some idea that the physical symptoms you were experiencing were due to (anxious).
7.He did her great favour by giving her some valuable suggestions on her essay.
8.His success was a long history;but (brief) speaking,he succeeded after many failures.
9.I would like a job which pays more, on the other hand I enjoy the work I’m doing at the moment.
10.The majority who attended the meeting yesterday (be) students.
Ⅱ.短语填空
in favour of,push ahead with,burn out,toy with,take into consideration
1.The building was in a big fire.
2.While she was talking to me,she a pencil.
3.When comparing prices,one has to the quality of the goods .
4.Are you women taking part in politics?
5.We are the educational reform across the country.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1.I agreed with him that some active measures should be adopt.
2.Mr Harris and three other teacher were there.
3.I’m writing to tell you about some symptoms of anxious among us students before exams.
4.Young animals adapt quick to a new environment.
5.He is the first one finish the work.
Ⅳ.话题微写作
写作内容提示
1.转基因食物(GM food)是当下的一个热点话题。(hot)
2.尽管科学家在遗传学研究领域取得了重大突破,但很多人并不支持转基因食物。(breakthrough,in favour of)
3.一方面,转基因作物更能抵御病虫害,保障更好的丰收,提高人们的收入。(on the one hand,income)
4.另一方面,人们对转基因食物的安全性存在焦虑,担心其可能带来灾难性后果。(on the other hand,anxiety)
5.我觉得政府应该认真考虑这个问题。(take it into consideration)
连句成文(参考上述提示,通过合理想象整合成一篇短文)
请完成【高考题型·组合规范练】
Unit1 Laughterisgoodforyou
(主题语境:人与社会——历史、社会与文化)
核心考点课堂突破
1.doyouthink用作插入语
[教材原句]Which of the events above doyouthink will be the funniest?你认为上面哪件事会是最有趣的?(P1)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①Imagine you are a student and you share a flat with another student (你认为) isn’t doing her share of the housework.
② (幸运的是),I managed to get in touch with a Dartmoor’s Livestock Protection officer and send her a photo.
③ (你认为 )matters when we take up the work?
④ (总之),it’s been a pretty bad year for John.
⑤I felt a little uneasy,but (让我宽慰的是),I had a good excuse (for my being late).
⑥ (据说) that the test will enhance the examiner’s consciousness of health,but on the contrary it will also be more likely to result in overanxiety.
⑦ (不用说),it rained when I left my window open.
⑧ (说实话),many mistakes we made could have been avoided if we had been more careful.
⑨Lots of trees were blown down. (更糟的是),some people were killed or injured.
⑩ (恐怕) I have forgotten,and it is getting too dark to distinguish.
(根据……判断) our economic performance in the first quarter of this year,the result is actually better than we expected.
(这就是为什么我认为) the trip along the Yangtze River is a better choice.
考点必记
该句中的do you think置于特殊疑问词之后,是复杂特殊疑问句。这种复杂特殊疑问句是由“do you think+疑问词引导的宾语从句”演变而来,将疑问词移至句首。理解这种句型时可将do you think去掉,剩下的部分应该为陈述语序,疑问词在宾语从句中担任不同的成分。复杂特殊疑问句常用来征询对方或第三者对某事的看法、意见等。
插入语是一个比较重要的知识点,是对一句话进行附加说明或解释,通常由一个词、一个短语或一个句子构成。常置于句首、句中或句末,一般用逗号或破折号与句子隔开。
(1)许多分词短语可以用作插入语,如strictly speaking(严格地说),generally considering(一般认为),judging from(根据……判断)。
(2)常用作插入语的副词或副词短语有:indeed(的确),surely(无疑),however(然而),frankly(坦率地说),obviously(显然),naturally(天然地),luckily/happily for sb(某人幸运的是),fortunately(幸运的是),strangely(奇怪),briefly(简单地说)等。
(3)常用作插入语的介词短语有:in conclusion(总之),in a word(简而言之),in short(简而言之),in general(一般说来),in a sense(在某种意义上),in my view(在我看来),in one’s opinion(按照某人的看法),in fact(事实上),at first(首先),in addition(此外),of course(当然),to my surprise(使我惊奇的是),to her regret(使她遗憾的是),for example(例如)等。
(4)常见用简短的句子结构作插入语的有:I am sure(我可以肯定地说),I believe(我相信),do you know(你知道吗),I’m afraid(恐怕),it is said(据说),I suppose(我想),what’s more(而且),what’s worse(更糟糕的是),that is(也就是说),what is important(重要的是)等。
(5)常用作插入语的不定式短语有:to be sure(无疑地),to sum up(概括地说),to tell the truth(说实话)等。
(6)常用作插入语的形容词或短语有:true(真的),funny(真可笑),needless to say(不用说),most important of all(最为重要),worse still(更糟糕的是),even better(更好)等。
2.standupfor支持,维护;坚持;拥护;捍卫
[教材原句]Standupfor your health!欣赏单口喜剧,促进身心健康!(P2)
语境巧练
[用stand的相关短语完成句子]
①Everyone knows what a rose (代表).
②They (反对) us,because we stand in their way.
③How can you (袖手旁观) and let him treat his dog like that?
④Red flags (显眼) brightly against the blue sky.
[完成句子]
⑤它还能确保重要的词脱颖而出。
It also makes sure that important words .
考点必记
stand for代表,象征
stand against反对(某人)
stand in sb’s way挡道
stand by袖手旁观
stand out出众,显眼
[写作佳句]
With this faith we will be able to standupfor freedom together.有了这种信念,我们将能一起捍卫自由。
3.previousadj.先前的,以往的
[教材原句]A stand-up comedian may tease an audience member,or might decide to tell different jokes depending upon how the audience reacted to his or her previous jokes.单口喜剧演员可以拿某一位观众开玩笑,也可以根据观众对他或她之前讲的笑话的反应来决定讲各种笑话。(P2)
语境巧练
[用previous的适当形式填空]
①Instead of getting down to a new task as I had expected,he examined the work again.(2020·江苏卷)
②No one in the carriage had spoken to the ticket-owner before.
考点必记
previous to在……之前
previously adv.事先;以前
[写作佳句]
For previous generations,college was a decisive break from parental control.对于前几代人来说,大学是摆脱父母控制的决定性的突破。
4.varietyn.(同一事物)不同种类;多种样式
[教材原句]There are a variety of different styles of stand-up comedy.单口喜剧有很多不同的类型。(P2)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①The meaning of silence (vary) among cultural groups.
②The variety of his books (be)astonishing.
③A variety of books (be)on the desk.
④And the answer must vary the circumstances.
⑤The goods in the supermarket vary size,colour and price.
⑥Anger seems simple when we are feeling it,but the causes of anger are (vary).(2018·北京卷)
⑦Libraries will often hold reading-group sessions targeted to (vary) age groups.(2020·天津卷)
[完成句子]
⑧这些书有很多优点。其中之一是我们可以从中找到各种话题,例如科学、文化和历史。
These books have many advantages.One of them is that we can find ,such as science, culture and history.
考点必记
(1)a variety of/varieties of种种,各种各样的
(2)various adj.各种不同的;各种各样的
(3)vary vt.改变;变更vi.变化;不同
vary with...随着……而变化
vary from...to...在……和……之间变化
vary in sth(体积、容积等)呈现不同
[用法点拨]
a variety of+名词,作主语时,谓语动词原则上与它所修饰的名词的数保持一致;the variety of+复数名词,意为“……的品种”,作主语时,谓语动词使用单数。
[名师指津]
a variety of/varieties of/ all sorts/types/kinds of 各种各样的
5.behavevi.&vt.表现
[教材原句]Some comedians tell jokes about the way people behave or about daily life.有些喜剧演员拿人们的行为方式来开玩笑,或者讲有关日常生活的笑话。(P2)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①After a while,she apologized for the way she (behave) at the beginning.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)
②Much to my surprise,he as if nothing had happened.In general,I was quite pleased with his .(behave)
[一句多译]
在公共场合举止端庄、有礼貌,这对每个人来说很重要。
③ in public is very important to everyone.
④It is very important for everyone in public.
考点必记
(1)behave well/badly行为或态度良好/恶劣
behave oneself表现得体;有礼貌
(2)behaviour n.行为;举止;习性
(3)well-behaved adj.表现好的
badly-behaved adj.表现差的
6.makefunof拿……开玩笑;取笑,嘲弄
[教材原句]The last kind of comedian does impressions—he or she will act or speak like a well-known person in order to makefunof that person.最后一种喜剧演员会给人留下印象,他或她会模仿某个名人的言谈举止以取笑那个人。(P2)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①So don’t feel sorry for the disabled or (取笑) them,and don’t ignore them either.
②I’m just worried other people would (取笑你).
考点必记
play jokes/a joke/tricks/a trick on...开……的玩笑
Have fun!尽情地玩吧!
for fun/in fun开玩笑,不是认真地
7.comeupwith想出;拿出
[教材原句]One reason Crystal has become so famous is that he is very quick thinking,and is often able to comeupwith new jokes about the people and things around him.克里斯托之所以如此出名,原因之一就是他思维非常敏捷,常常能就身边的人或事即兴想出新笑话来。(P3)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①They had encouraged Mac to carry on,and they would (赶上他) soon.
②We do not have to (容忍) pollution.
③So scientists have (提出) a shocking idea.
④Our class (想出了一个办法) to make better use of used materials.
考点必记
put up with忍受
end up with结果……,以……结束
catch up with跟上,赶上
keep up with跟上,赶上
[名师指津]
come up with 意为“提出”,主语(多是人)是提出者,后面的宾语才是被提出的内容;come up意为“被提出”,其主语(多是物)是被提出的内容,无被动语态。
8.amusevt.逗笑,逗乐;提供(消遣),(使)娱乐
[教材原句]Crystal is popular with all age groups and has the ability to amuse people all over the world.克里斯托深受各年龄段人群的喜爱,他有能力让全世界的人开心。(P3)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Museums must compete for people’s spare time and money with other (amuse).(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
②Sara was not (amuse) by Franklin’s teasing.
③He had a terrific sense of humour and what he said could be very (amuse).
④They were dancing and singing on the square,much the amusement of passers-by.
[一句多译]
小男孩为他在动物园里所看到的兴奋不已。
⑤ in the zoo him.(what引导的主语从句)
⑥ the little boy was in the zoo.(what引导的主语从句和表语从句)
考点必记
(1)amuse sb使某人开心/高兴
(2)amusement n.欢乐;快乐;娱乐;消遣
with/in amusement津津有味地
to one’s amusement使人感到好笑的是
(3)amusing adj.有趣的,逗乐的
amused adj.愉快的,开心的;好玩的
be amused at/by以……为乐;觉得……有趣/好笑
be amused to do...很高兴做……
keep sb amused使某人高兴;使某人消遣
9.动词+it+从句
[教材原句]I likeitwhen the comedian talks to people in the audience.我喜欢喜剧演员与现场观众交流。(P5)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①I dislike (天气变得太冷).
②You may depend on (他会准时出现).
③ (主人会喜欢的) if you have learned to use chopsticks.
考点必记
动词+it+从句
(1)like,enjoy,love,hate,dislike,appreciate 等表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词,后面不直接接宾语从句,若要跟宾语从句,需跟形式宾语it。
(2)see to,depend on,count on等由动词和介词构成的短语动词后接that引导的宾语从句时,先加形式宾语it,再接that 从句。
10.strengthenvt.&vi.增强;巩固
[教材原句]This is because laughter strengthens the heart and the lungs.这是因为大笑强化了心脏和肺部的功能。(P9)
语境巧练
[用strength的适当形式填空]
①Begin to train your brain to look at before weakness.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
②For example,people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness,to expand their range of experiences,and social relationships.
[完成句子]
③最后,我相信,通过我的努力,我可以加强中英友好。
Last but not least,through my efforts,I believe,I can between China and the UK.
考点必记
strength n.力量;人力;强项
gather strength力量逐渐增强;身体逐渐恢复
go from strength to strength越来越兴旺发达
in full strength全体出动
in (great)strength人多势众
with all one’s strength尽力
11.participatevi.参加,参与
[教材原句]As you laugh,the muscles participating in the laugh become active.笑的时候,参与笑的肌肉变得活跃起来。(P9)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①More than 400 children participated a clean-up of the park.
②As far as I know,he has been an active (participate) in the discussion.
[完成句子]
③去年春天,我有幸被选上参加一个交流学习的项目。
Last spring,I was fortunate to be chosen to an exchange study program.
考点必记
(1)participate with sb in sth与某人一起参加(做)某事
participate in sth/doing sth参加(做)某事
(2)participation n.参加,参与
participant n.参与者;参加者
12.performvt.&vi.演出,表演;履行;做,工作,运转;执行
[教材原句]How often do you perform your stand-up routine?你多久表演一次单口喜剧?(P9)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①When most people think of the arts,they imagine...or an award-winning (perform) in the theater.(2018·江苏卷)
②The doctor performed the operation quite well and the director was very satisfied with his and praised him as a real of difficult operations.(perform)
[完成句子]
③此外,那里有著名的艺术家将现场表演如何剪纸。
In addition,there are famous artists who will .
考点必记
(1)perform an operation做手术
perform one’s promise履行承诺
perform one’s duties尽责任
perform an experiment做实验
perform well in...在……表现好
(2)performance n.表演,表现
give/put on a performance演出;上演(节目)
(3)performer n.执行者;表演者;演奏者;能手
13.guaranteen.保证;商品保证;保证书;担保品,抵押品 vt.保证;担保;保障
[教材原句]Practising is the only way to guarantee a successful performance.训练才是表演成功的唯一保证。(P9)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Data security measures are (guarantee).(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)
②Freedom needs (guarantee) by responsibility.
③The car is less than a year old,so it is still guarantee.
[完成句子]
④我们保证在一周内将货物送到。
We deliver the goods in one week.
考点必记
(1)give (sb) a guarantee that...(向某人)担保……
give/offer/provide a guarantee提供担保
under guarantee在保修期内
(2)guarantee that...保证……;担保……
guarantee sb sth保证某人某事
guarantee to do sth保证做某事
14.instructvt.教授,传授;指示,命令;告知
[教材原句]He has instructed students from over 70 different countries.他指导过70多个国家的学生。(P11)
语境巧练
[用instruct的适当形式填空]
①I saw there were two on board and a man lying across the middle.(2018·全国Ⅱ卷)
②It is the most lecture that I have attended since I came to this school.
③In this course,students receive in basic engineering.
[句式升级]
④My boss instructed me to type the letters quickly.(用复合句改写)
=My boss instructed me that .
[完成句子]
⑤这部电影被认为具有指导意义并且充满情感。
The film is believed .
考点必记
(1)as instructed按照指示
instruct sb in sth指导/教导某人某事
instruct sb to do sth指示某人做某事
instruct sb that sb (should)do sth命令某人做某事
(2)instructive adj.有教育意义的
instructor n.教练,导师
instruction n.用法说明,命令;教导
follow the instructions按照说明
ignore/carry out sb’s instructions忽视/执行某人的命令
under instructions接到命令
15.takeon接纳;承担;呈现
[教材原句]In an interview,he told us that he is always happy to takeon new foreign students.在一次采访中,他告诉我们他总是很开心能接纳新的外国学生。(P11)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being reduced to ruins,the city (呈现一片新的景象).
②She (承担了额外工作) on Sundays.
③The whole city (呈现出一种节日气氛).
④To keep healthy,Professor Johnson (开始) cycling.
⑤While reading popular science books,we can (吸收) more basic knowledge.
⑥The boy (脱下) his clothes and jumped into the swimming pool.
考点必记
take after仿效
take away拿走,夺走
take back收回(说过的话)
take down拿下,记下来
take...for...以为(某人或某物)是……
take in领会;被欺骗;吸入
take off脱下
take out拿出
take over接管
take to开始喜欢;对……产生好感
take up占据;开始做
16.burstvi.猛冲;突然出现;爆裂 n.爆裂
[教材原句]Servant bursts in,next to Queen,empty-handed and looking worried.仆人冲上舞台,来到王后身边,两手空空,面带焦虑。(P15)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst .
②When I handed him the gift card,he burst tears.
③The police burst and arrested the gang.
④He felt he would burst anger and shame.
[完成句子]
⑤看到她的同学因为她的愚蠢错误哄堂大笑,她突然大哭起来。
Seeing her classmates because of her foolish mistakes,she .
考点必记
(1)burst in闯进,破门而入
burst with anger勃然大怒
burst open推开,忽然打开;裂开
(2)burst out大呼,惊叫;突然发作
burst out doing sth=burst into+n.突然……起来
burst out laughing=burst into laughter突然大笑起来
burst out crying=burst into tears突然大哭起来
burst out cheering=burst into cheers突然欢呼起来
17.glareat对……怒目而视
[教材原句]He glaresat Queen.他瞪着王后。(P15)
语境巧练
[用stareat,glareat,gazeat,glanceat的适当形式填空]
①They didn’t fight,but stood there one another.
②It is not polite to others in public.
③She is the film actress with worship.
④He the envelope and recognized his uncle’s handwriting.
考点必记
[易混辨析]
stare at,glare at,gaze at与glance at
“目不转睛地注视,盯着看”时,用stare at。
“怒目而视”时,用glare at。
“由于好奇、惊喜或感兴趣而看”时,用gaze at。
“瞥见,浏览,(粗略地)看一下”时,用glance at。
18.holdout递出;拿出;伸出;坚持;维持
[教材原句]holdsout a roll of toilet paper递上一卷卫生纸(P15)
语境巧练
[用hold的相关短语完成句子]
①Emily Galvin,his lawyer, (控制) tears as Mr South embraced his sons,aged 19 and 12.
②We were (阻碍) by a traffic jam.
③He (抓住) to a branch until we came to his rescue.
[完成句子]
④当我有更好的想法时,我会选择坚持。
When I have a better idea, I would .
考点必记
hold up抬起;阻碍;举出;支撑
hold back阻挡;隐瞒;控制
hold on不挂断(电话),等一下;挺住,抓住;坚持
hold on to抓紧;不放开 hold off延迟
hold the view that...持有……见解
[写作佳句]
She heldout her gloved hand to shake mine.她伸出戴着手套的手和我握手。
随堂巩固迁移运用
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.The bowl contained a (vary) of fruits.
2.I will do my best to put off his (participate).
3.She was hot and (breath) from the exertion of cycling uphill.
4.Gunmen (burst) into his home and opened fire.
5.He reacquired an (academy) reputation after five years of hard work.
6.They can either accept or reject your (invite).
7.He wanted to satisfy himself that he had given his best (perform).
8.The headmaster said they would (strength) the care about the students.
9.Your (behave) does not come up to the expected standard.
10.With my English teacher’s patient (instruct) and help,I made great progress in my English learning.
Ⅱ.短语填空
make room for,make fun of,a variety of,pass away,come up with
1.Many buildings in the city were pulled down to the speedway.
2.—How much do you know about the Winter Olympic Games to be held in Beijing and Zhangjiakou?
—Well,the media have covered it in forms.
3.Whether from jealousy or fear of someone who looked so different,my older brothers sometimes teased me about my unpleasing skin,or my clumsy walk.
4.The scientists are beating their brains out trying to a solution to the problem.
5.Those were incredible days;he was very romantic and—of course—I miss him since he’s .
Ⅲ.单句改错
1.The variety of goods in this shop are rich.
2.Everyone wanted to give up,but Annie holds out until the last possible moment.
3.Many people have come to realise that they should go on a balanced diet and make rooms for exercise.
4.Upon hearing the funny story,everyone burst out laugh.
5.Previous coming here,I worked in London.
6.The famous doctor is going to set out performing the operation.
7.The pianist gave the fine performance.
Ⅳ.话题微写作
写作内容提示
1.相声是喜剧的一种表现形式,是我国的传统艺术。(comedy performance)
2.相声的主要目的是逗乐观众。(amuse)
3.相声演员一般会取笑对方或社会热点话题。(tease)
4.现在越来越多的外国人也开始喜欢相声。(affection for)
5.相声表演对健康有积极的作用。(positive)
连句成文(参考上述提示,通过合理想象整合成一篇短文)
请完成【高考题型·组合规范练】
Unit2 Whatishappinesstoyou?
(主题语境:人与自我——生活与学习)
核心考点课堂突破
1.bythetime到……的时候
[教材原句]Bythetime she competed in the gymnastics tournament at the New York Goodwill Games,she had been a junior gymnast for eleven years.到参加纽约友好运动会的体操锦标赛时,她(桑兰)已经是一名有着十一年经历的体操小将了。(P18)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①By the time our teacher (come) in,we had started speaking English.
②By the time we got to the bus station,the bus (leave).
[完成句子]
③到他起床时,他的父母已经去上班了。
By the time he got up, .
考点必记
by the time通常引导一个时间状语从句,表示“到……的时候”,主句则表示在此时间之前某个事件已完成。
(1)by the time+一般过去时,主句一般用过去完成时。
(2)by the time+一般现在时,主句一般用现在完成时或将来完成时。
(3)by/by the year/by the end of 后跟的时间(或从句)如果是过去的时间,句子或主句中常用过去完成时。
(4)by then如指将来某一时间点,且语境表示将来这一时刻正在发生的动作,则要用将来进行时。
2.apartfrom远离,和……不在一起;除了
[教材原句]Even though her training meant that she had to live apartfrom her parents,she was happy to devote herself to gymnastics.尽管参加训练意味着她不能和父母住在一起,她还是高兴并全身心地投入到体操中。(P18)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Apart that,there were other sorts of disasters.
②Apart from (clean) the yard and making up the beds for the old,we also read newspapers for them and had chats with them.
[写出下列各句中apartfrom的英语含义]
③Apart from them,I had no one to talk to.
④Apart from other considerations,time is also a factor.
⑤It is a good essay apart from a few slight faults.
[完成句子]
⑥除了良好的服务外,我们的餐馆还提供各种各样的美食。
Our restaurant offers varieties of delicious food good service.
⑦除了我的学业,我总能设法找到时间来处理我感兴趣的事情。
,I always manage to find time for what I’m interested in.
考点必记
fall apart土崩瓦解
far/wide apart离得很远
joking apart别说笑话;认真地说;说正经的
set/put sb/sth apart使某人/某物显得独特
take...apart把……拆开
tell...apart区分;分辨(两种事物)
aside from除了……外(还有)
[用法点拨]
apart from表达“除了”的意思时,既可以表示 besides的意思,也可以表示 except或 except for的意思,还可以表示 without的意思。
[易混辨析]
apart from,besides,except和except for
apart from
相当于besides,except或except for
besides
与in addition to同义,“除……之外(还)”,常与also,more,other等词连用
except
“除……之外”,常与all,every,no,none,nothing等含有整体、肯定或否定意义的词连用
except for
“除……之外”,其后所跟的词往往与前面的不是同一类,是指整体中除去的某些细节或某一方面
3.adaptvi.&vt.(使)适应;改编
[教材原句]And how has Sang Lan adapted to her new life?那桑兰是如何适应新生活的呢?(P19)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to (live) at high altitudes.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)
②The play is an (adapt) of some chapters of the book.
③Only in this way can we adapt (we) to the society quickly after we graduate.
[完成句子]
④对你们所有新生来说,如何使自己适应新的环境是你们必须面对的第一件事。
To all of you, fresh students, is the first thing that you have to face.
考点必记
(1)adapt (oneself)to sth使……适应/适合……
adapt...for使……适合于;为……改编/改写
adapt from根据……改写/改编
(2)adaptable adj.有适应能力的
adaptation n.适应;改写本
adopt v.采用;收养
4.goafter追求,追逐;谋求
[教材原句]Some people advocate goingafter pleasure in order to find happiness.有的人为了寻找幸福而提倡追求快乐。(P21)
语境巧练
[用go的相关短语完成句子]
①She starts to (追逐) Jack when he appears.
② (仔细温习) what has been taught after school really benefits me a lot.
③It’ll be a long time before everything returns to normal after (经受) two years of civil war.
④Their market share has (上升) by 30% in the past few years.
⑤I had to (没有……也行) breakfast that morning as I was in a hurry.
⑥We were doing our homework when the light (熄灭).
⑦The alarm clock (发出响声) at 7 this morning,but instead of getting up,I turned it off and went back to sleep.
⑧Jason was determined not to (违背) his father’s wishes.
考点必记
go about四处走走,开始做,着手干
go against违反,违背
go ahead说吧,干吧,领先,走在前面
go beyond超越
go by走过,经过,(时间)消逝,过去
go down下来,落下,倒下
go for努力获取,适用于
go in for参加,喜欢
go off走开,离去;发出响声
go out熄灭,出去,外出
go over仔细检查,仔细研究或温习
go up上升,上涨
go without忍受没有……之苦,没有……也行
go through通过,经受,浏览,仔细检查
go bad变坏
go wrong出毛病,误入歧途
5.accompanyvt.陪伴,陪同;伴随;为……伴奏
[教材原句]She was accompanied by an experienced ski instructor and she learnt very quickly.有一个有经验的滑雪教练陪同,她学得很快。(P25)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
① (accompany)by cheerful music,the children began to dance.
②She accompanied the singer the piano.
③They usually went shopping company with each other.
④The architect,accompanied by his associates, (be) surveying the land now.
⑤There is a good saying that misery can (accompany) with happiness.
⑥As he was not allowed (accompany) her to the shops,he wrote out a list of items for her.
⑦ I shall accompany him Beijing.
⑧Are you alone or with a (company)?
[完成句子]
⑨在日常生活中,她不仅全身心地投入到工作中,还会抽出一些时间陪伴我。
In her daily life,not only does she devote herself to work but she also .
考点必记
(1)accompany sb陪伴某人;为某人伴奏
accompany sb at/on...用……给某人伴奏
accompany sb to sp陪伴某人去某地
be accompanied by由……伴奏;由……陪伴
(2)company n.陪伴;宾客,客人;公司;商行
in the company of在……的陪同下
in company with sb与某人一起,与某人结伴
keep sb company陪伴某人
part company with sb与某人分手
(3)companion n.同伴,伙伴
[用法点拨]
(1)accompany是及物动词,不要在其后加介词with,如不说:Thunder accompanies with lightning.但是,用于被动语态的accompany后可接介词with或by。
(2)习惯上不接不定式的复合结构作宾语,如下句中的to go应去掉: He accompanied her to go to the station.
(3)accompanied by连接主语时,并不影响主语的数。
6.directlyadv.径直地;直接地
[教材原句]As soon as they arrived at the hospital,they headed directly for the doctor’s office.他们一到医院,就直接去医生的办公室。(P25)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Here’s a handful of ways that will set you in the right (direct).(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
②Emoji can contribute (direct) to that positive outcome.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)
③Small talk is the grease (润滑剂) for social communication,says Bernardo Carducci, (direct) of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast.(2018·全国Ⅱ卷)
④Can you direct me the station to see him off?
⑤Railroads cross the country every direction.
考点必记
(1)direct vt.&vi.导演;指示;指挥
direct sb to sp指引某人到某处
direct sb to do sth指示/命令某人做某事
(2)directly conj.一……就……(常用于引导时间状语从句)
(3)direct adj.直的;直接的;直率的
direction n.方向;指导
director n.主任;导演;主管
in every direction=in all directions朝四面八方
at/under the direction of sb在某人的指导下
7.headfor朝……方向(地方)行进,前往
[教材原句]As soon as they arrived at the hospital,they headed directly for the doctor’s office.他们一到医院,就直接去医生的办公室。(P25)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①He (head) for trouble if he goes on behaving like that.
[完成句子]
②She (渴望) her father to return home.
③In common with many others,she (申请) a training place.
④He (前往) the bus stop after work,hoping to get home before sunset.
考点必记
run for竞选 beg for 乞求
call for需要,要求 hunt for 寻找
long for渴望 care for 关心,喜欢
seek for寻找
come for 来拿,来取
apply for申请
stand for 代表,表示
search for查找
change...for 用……换
charge...for收费,要价
hope/wish for 希望得到
8.talentn.天资,天赋;天才
[教材原句]The coach thinks I have the talent to become a real star.教练认为我有成为真正的明星的天赋。(P26)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①The author mentioned the P.E.class in his 7th year to show he was not (talent) in sports.
②We will never know if we are interested or talented a subject if we don’t try it.
[完成句子]
③我听说你是一个有才华的年轻女子,也发现你既迷人又聪明。(2020·天津卷)
I’ve heard that ,and I have found you charming and intelligent as well.
考点必记
(1)have a talent for...有……的天资
talent exchange人才交流
talent show才艺竞赛;才艺秀
(2)talented adj.有天赋的
be talented in 在……方面有天赋
9.Itfeelslike...似乎,感觉好像……
[教材原句]Itfeelslike allocating adequate time for each is just not practical.要给每件事分配足够的时间,似乎是不切实际的。(P26)
语境巧练
[用feel的相关短语完成句子]
①I don’t (感觉健康) today.
②I hope you (感到自在) here.
③I don’t (想要) going any more.
④I rose from the floor and began to (摸索着前进) along the walls.
[完成句子]
⑤现在感觉越来越多的外国人对中国剪纸感兴趣。
Now more and more foreigners are getting interested in Chinese paper-cutting.
考点必记
feel like doing sth想要做某事
feel sorry for为……感到难过/遗憾
feel at home感到自在;不拘束
feel oneself心情好;感觉健康
feel one’s way摸索着前进
10.adequateadj.足够的;适当的;胜任的
[教材原句]It feels like allocating adequate time for each is just not practical.要给每件事分配足够的时间,似乎是不切实际的。(P26)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①I’m sure her knowledge of English is adequate the job.
②They equipped their workers (adequate) for such dangerous conditions.
[完成句子]
③One in four people worldwide are (没有足够的住所).
考点必记
(1)be adequate for...胜任……的;对……是足够的;适合……的
adequate consideration/preparation充分考虑/准备
(2)adequately adv.足够地
11.uncertainadj.无把握的,不确定的
[教材原句]I am uncertain what to do!我不知道该做什么!(P26)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
① (certain) during the holiday period,this plant is a must.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)
②It would help if the (uncertain) cleared.
[完成句子]
③For some reason,when (某些表演) switched into a commercial,a loud noise would sound for a few seconds.
考点必记
(1)be certain to do sth一定会,肯定会
be certain of/about确信;相信
be certain that确信,相信
for certain肯定地,确切地
make certain弄清楚,有把握
(2)uncertainty n.不确定
certain adj.确定的;明确的
(3)certainly adv.当然;必定
12.to的省略
[教材原句]All I had to do wasgoto school and spend a few hours studying when I came home.我要做的事情就是上学,以及回家后再学习几个小时。(P30)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①What I’ll do is (就是告诉她真相).
②All he has to do now is (与他父母面对面交谈).
③ (我要做的一切就是享受) my adolescence.
④ a holiday (我想去度假) right away.
⑤What we can do now is (立即采取行动) to reduce pollution.
⑥As your good friend,the only thing I can do (帮助你快速提高你的中文).
考点必记
本句主要涉及不定式符号to的省略。其完整形式为:All I had to do was to go to school and spend a few hours studying when I came home.英语中,当主语部分含有动词do的某种形式,且不定式作表语时,to可省略。
(1)当不定式出现在be afraid,be glad,be happy,be pleased,be ready,be anxious,be eager,be willing,be delighted 等作谓语的短语后面作状语时,to后的内容常省略。但是,主语部分的谓语动词不含do的某种形式时,不定式符号to 不能省略。
(2)当不定式出现在want,like,hope,try,wish,love,mean,forget,remember,refuse,prefer,afford,agree,expect,manage,pretend,seem,would like等动词(词组)后面作宾语时,to后的内容常省略。
(3)当不定式出现在have to,used to,be going to,be able to,need to,ought to等情态动词或半助动词后面作复合谓语时,to后的内容常省略。
(4)当不定式在某些动词后作宾语补足语或主语补足语时,to后的内容常省略。常见动词(词组)有allow,ask,expect,forbid,force,invite,permit,persuade,order,warn,wish,would like等。
(5)当不定式出现在某些名词如chance,courage,time等后面时,to后的内容常省略。
(6)如果省略的不定式为to be短语,to后要保留be。
(7)不定式的完成式省略时一般保留to have,“情态动词+动词完成式”在省略时应保留have。
13.assistvt.帮助,协助
[教材原句]We will have handy robots and computers to assist us with the things that are boring.至于那些枯燥无味的事情,将有灵巧的机器人和电脑帮助我们处理。(P31)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Cell phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital (assist).
②Despite his cries,no one came to his (assist).
③The teacher decided to assist me my English study.
[一句多译]
我们将帮助你找到一份更好的工作。
④ .(assist sb to do)
⑤ .(assist sb in doing)
⑥ .(with the assistance of)
考点必记
(1)assist sb with sth协助某人某事
assist sb in doing sth帮助某人做某事
(2)assistant n.助手,助理 adj.助理的;副的
(3)assistance n.帮助;援助
with the assistance of sb/sth在某人/某物的帮助下
be of assistance to sb对某人有帮助
come to one’s assistance帮助某人
随堂巩固迁移运用
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.Doctors and medical supplies (rush) to the scene of the accident.
2.China has made (admire) achievements in scientific fields.
3.The results will depend on how each department (allocation) its resources.
4.Courses can be (adaptation) to suit the needs of the individual.
5.The more you know about your smoking habits and the more prepared you are for withdrawals,the greater your chance of (quit).
6.He shook me by the hand and we opened a conversation (instant).
7.He went (direct) to Tom’s apartment and knocked on the door.
8.Hunan Province is famous for its (entertain) industry.
9.I’d thought I could hold out till my dentist came back from holiday,but the pain was really (bear).
10.Whether it is a cheap pipe or a diamond necklace,the proper response is (appreciate).
Ⅱ.短语填空
to one’s relief,focus on,on one’s own,apart from,recover from1. an occasional noise from the elephant’s stomach,the forest was silent.
2.Today we are going to the question of homeless people.
3.I enjoyed,for instance,the chapter in which Harold discovers how to think .
4. ,her missing son was found and is now at the police station.
5.At the time,Ann’s son Thomas was 10 years old,and Jack,who was a heart operation,was 21 years old.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1.We ask him assist us in designing a new bridge.
2.Accompanying by the headmaster,they visited the school.
3.The movie had begun by the time we get there.
4.Don’t go in rush.There is enough time.
5.The situation is inspiring and they are all in good spirit.
6.The storm had moved direct over his two-story wooden house.
Ⅳ.话题微写作
写作内容提示
1.幸福是什么?幸福就是有家人和朋友围绕在身旁。(surround)
2.幸福就是要保持好心情。(in good spirits)
3.能与他人分享快乐和悲伤。(sorrow)
4.对他人的帮助心存感激。(thankful,assistance)
5.但愿每个人都去追求属于自己的幸福。(go after)
连句成文(参考上述提示,通过合理想象整合成一篇短文)
请完成【高考题型·组合规范练】
Unit3 Understandingeachother
(主题语境:人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通)
核心考点课堂突破
1.Whydon’tyou...?你为什么不……?
[教材原句]...whydon’tyoutell her about the British teacher who opened the present as soon as he received it at the end-of-term ceremony?……你为什么不和她说说那个在期末结业仪式上一收到礼物就打开的那个英国老师呢?(P34)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
① (你愿意) to join me?(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
②— (我们去参加除夕晚会吧),shall we?
—Why not?I guess it will be fun.
③If you have any doubts about your health, (最好咨询你的医生) at once.
④ (怎么样) meeting outside the school gate?
⑤ (为什么不)go and ask your teacher?
= you go and ask your teacher?
⑥ (请跟我来好吗)?
⑦ (不要打篮球) in the classroom.
⑧ (我们会面好吗) at the school the early morning tomorrow?
考点必记
[表达建议的句型]
(1)Would you like/love(to do)sth?
这是一个很委婉的表示建议的句型,并带有与对方商量的意味,意为“你想要(做)……吗?”。
(2)Shall I/we do sth?
此句型是用来提建议或征求对方意见的,意为“我(们)做……好吗?”,语气委婉,商量的语气较浓。
(3)Let’s...
当你觉得可以直截了当地向对方提出建议,让对方和自己一起去做某事时,常用该句型,意为“咱们做……”。该句型后常加附加问句“shall we?”,使语气更加委婉。
(4)主语+had better(not)do sth
该句型用于表示对下级、晚辈的劝告,往往带有命令、强制的语气,意为“某人最好(不要)做某事”。
(5)Why not do sth?
该句型是Why don’t...?的省略式,表示向对方提出一种建议或询问某种原因,暗含责备对方的意思,意为“为什么不……”。
(6)What/How about(doing)sth?
如果是在讨论式的谈话中,可用该句型提出一个建议或引出一个新话题。
2.ensurevt.保证,担保,确保
[教材原句]Roosters are supposed to drive bad spirits away from the wedding ceremony,and hens are thought to ensure good luck for the marriage.在结婚典礼上,公鸡被认为是用来辟邪的,而母鸡则被认为能给婚姻带来好运。(P34)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①A car’s tires should be checked regularly (ensure) their safety.
[句式升级]
②This pill will ensure the patient a good night’s sleep.
=This pill will ensure that .
[完成句子]
③我保证绝对不会辜负你的期望。
I can perfectly live up to your expectations.
考点必记
ensure success/safety/supplies保证成功/安全/供应
ensure sb from/against ...保护某人免受……的伤害
ensure that...=make sure that...确保……
ensure sb sth保证某人某事
[写作佳句]
Wilson often goes beyond to ensure the welfare and safety of the students.为了确保学生的福利与安全,威尔逊经常会做得更多。
3.congratulatevt.向(某人)道贺,祝贺
[教材原句]During the ceremony,the hen laid an egg,and everyone congratulated the new couple because it was considered very lucky.在婚礼期间,母鸡下了一个蛋,这被看作是一件非常幸运的事,所以大家都祝贺这一对新人。(P34)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①“ (congratulate)! But I think someone was mistaken,” Dennis responded.(2018·全国Ⅲ卷)
②I congratulate (I) on having chosen a good woman to be my wife.
[句式升级]
③The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)
=The party is a chance for friends and family to the person on the new home.
考点必记
(1)congratulate sb on sth祝贺某人某事
congratulate oneself on (doing) sth对(做)某事感到自豪
(2)congratulation n.道贺,祝贺
offer/send your congratulations to sb on sth
就某事向某人表示祝贺
Congratulations!恭喜!
4.permitvt.&vi.允许;准许 n.许可证
[教材原句]Another difference is that while we serve food,soft drinks,tea and coffee,alcohol is not permitted at the wedding reception—in fact,alcohol is altogether prohibited in Brunei.还有一个不同点是:我们供应食物、软饮料、茶和咖啡,但婚宴上不允许喝酒——事实上,酒在文莱是完全禁止的。(P34)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①I was permitted (talk) to the prisoner.The guards permitted me (bring)my camera and tape recorder.
②The facts permit no other explanation.
③He asked for (permit)to leave the room.
[完成句子]
④如果天气允许的话,我们将在树林里野餐。
We’ll have a picnic in the woods, .
考点必记
(1)permit/allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事
permit/allow doing sth允许做某事
permit of容许有,允许有
(2)permission n.许可,允许
give sb permission to do sth准许某人做某事
ask permission from sb征得某人许可
without/with(sb’s)permission未经/经(某人)许可
5.prohibitvt.(尤指以法令)禁止;妨碍,阻止;使不可能
[教材原句]Another difference is that while we serve food,soft drinks,tea and coffee,alcohol is not permitted at the wedding reception—in fact,alcohol is altogether prohibited in Brunei.还有一个不同点是:我们供应食物、软饮料、茶和咖啡,但婚宴上不允许喝酒——事实上,酒在文莱是完全禁止的。(P34)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①The high cost (prohibit) the widespread use of this dictionary.
②We are prohibited drinking alcohol during working hours.
③Please note that any (prohibit) items will be taken away by the Office of Residence Life.
[完成句子]
④我认为有必要禁止游客与动物拍照,从而为它们提供一个舒适的生活环境。
I think it necessary to ,making a comfortable environment for them to live.
考点必记
prohibit sb from doing sth禁止某人做某事
prohibit(sb’s)doing sth禁止(某人)做某事
prohibited adj.被禁止的
[用法点拨]
prohibit的同义词还有forbid和ban,“禁止某人做某事”的表达还有:forbid/ban sb from doing sth。
6.Itis+adj.+doingsth.
[教材原句]It’squitefunnywatching the new foreign teachers trying to adjust to doing that.看新来的外教努力适应这个动作的样子很有趣。(P35)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①It’s no use (play) dumb with teachers.They know their students very well.
②It’s no use (argue) with my husband about money.He won’t take your advice.
[完成句子]
③It is (浪费力气) arguing with her.
考点必记
动词-ing短语作主语时,常用于以下句式:
It is+no use/good/fun+doing sth
It is+of little use+doing sth
It is+worthwhile+doing/to do sth
It is+a waste of...+doing/to do sth
7.adjustvi.&vt.适应,习惯;调整,调节
[教材原句]It’s quite funny watching the new foreign teachers trying to adjust to doing that.看新来的外教努力适应这个动作的样子很有趣。(P35)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①The desks and chairs are and you can them to the height of the students.The is not difficult to make.(adjust)
②She found it hard to adjust to (work)at night.
③She soon adjusted (she)to their way of life.
[完成句子]
④你要遵循当地的风俗,这有助于你快速适应那里的生活。
You should follow the local customs /, /, .
考点必记
(1)adjust to (doing) sth适应……;使适合(新环境)等
adjust oneself to...使自己适应于……
(2)adjustment n.调节;调整
make some adjustments做些调整
(3)adjustable adj.可调节的;可调整的
8.accustomedadj.习惯于;惯常的
[教材原句]Many foreigners have trouble getting accustomed to it.许多外国人很难适应这种做法。(P35)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①They’ve grown accustomed digital technology.
②This was a long journey of (accustom) hardship and surprising recovery.(2018·江苏卷)
[句式升级]
③We had to get used to the new working conditions.
=We had to the new working conditions.
=We had to the new working conditions.
考点必记
(1)be/become/get accustomed to习惯于
unaccustomed adj.不习惯的
(2)accustom vt.(与介词to连用)使习惯于;使适应
accustom oneself/sb to (doing) sth使自己/某人习惯于(做)某事
9.familiaradj.通晓,熟悉
[教材原句]For example,I have fond childhood memories of Bonfire Night,but my American friends are not familiar with that particular festival.例如,我有童年时篝火节的温馨回忆,但我的美国朋友对那个特别的节日竟然不太了解。(P35)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①She is familiar at least five foreign languages,but it so happens that this language isn’t familiar her.
[句式升级]
②The city is quite familiar to him because he is a native of it.
=He the city because he is a native of it.
③They are not familiar with charity work,which is still at an early stage in China.
=Charity work,which is still at an early stage in China, them.
考点必记
be familiar with对……熟悉
be familiar to为……所熟悉
look/sound/taste familiar看/听/尝起来熟悉
10.expectationn.期望,期待
[教材原句]I learnt that expectations at weddings can be quite different.我了解到婚礼上的期盼可能大相径庭。(P40)
语境巧练
[用expect的适当形式填空]
①Young women are to move in with their husband’s family when they get married.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)
②In the past 10 years,this field has improved beyond .
③The news may be ;nevertheless,it is true.
④I came across him in the street .
⑤However,it was harder than .
[完成句子]
⑥我相信在不久的将来,您会得到我们的好消息,我们将不辜负您的期望。
I believe in the near future,you will get our good news and we will .
考点必记
(1)meet/live up to sb’s expectations不负某人所望
in expectation of预料 beyond expectations料想不到
(2)expect vt.预料;期待
expect(sb)to do sth期待(某人)做某事
as expected正如所料;不出所料
(3)unexpected adj.未料到的;意外的
unexpectedly adv.未料到地;意外地
11.letalone更不用说
[教材原句]In his youth,however,he never left his home town,letalone travelled to another country,because he had to work to support his family.然而,年轻时,他从来没有离开过家乡,更不用说到其他国家旅行,因为他不得不工作来养活家人。 (P41)
语境巧练
[用let的相关短语完成句子]
①During the floods,the cars,trains and buildings could not survive, (更不用说) the people who stood in the way.
②Please (别烦我).I need a quiet place to think it over.
③I’m counting on you to support me—don’t (让我失望)!
④Someone (泄露) the news.
[句式升级]
⑤I can’t afford to pay my school fees,to say nothing of buy a new computer.
=I can’t afford to pay my school fees, .
考点必记
let/leave sb alone别烦某人 let/leave sth alone别碰某物;别管某事
let sb down使某人失望;辜负某人
let out发出;放走,释放;(把衬衣、外套等)放大,放长,加宽;泄露
let go of放开;释放;忽略
[写作佳句]
No one has any idea of what the world will look like in ten years,letalone in 2070.
没有人知道十年后的世界是什么样的,更不用说2070年了。
12.takeup占据(时间或空间);从事;拿起;继续
[教材原句]I have no idea what he will do with them all,and it tookup a lot of time.我不知道他怎样处理这些问题,这花费了大量的时间。(P42)
语境巧练
[根据语境写出takeup的含义]
①She took up her first teaching post in 1950.
②Writing the paper took up most of the weekend.
③I’d like to take up the point you raised early.
④They took up their arms to fight against slavery.
⑤The new sofa has taken up much place of the sitting room.
[完成句子]
⑥我认为参加课后活动没有占据太多的时间。
I don’t think taking part in after-lass activities .
考点必记
take away减去;拿走 take back收回;使回想起
take in吸收;领会;欺骗
take down拆除;写下
take off脱下;起飞;匆匆离开
take on呈现;雇用;承担
take out带……出去;除掉
take over接收;接管;承袭
13.accountn.描述,叙述 v.解释;认为
[教材原句]You will have the chance to join one of these large assemblies and take part in the dancing,listen to traditional accounts of bravery,and play games.你将有机会参加其中一个这样的大型聚会活动,和他们一起跳舞,聆听他们的传统英雄故事,还可以参与游戏。(P46)
语境巧练
[用account的相关短语完成句子]
①At first he hesitated (由于) the expense.
②You should (决不) tell him,for it’s a secret.
③We must (解释) every penny we spend during business trips.
[完成句子]
④我真诚地希望你会考虑我的建议。
I sincerely hope that you will .
考点必记
account for解释;占(比例);作令人满意的交代
take something into account对……加以考虑
of great/no account很/不重要
on account of由于,因为
on no account决不(位于句首时句子要倒装)
14.havepowerover控制,支配
[教材原句]The Plains Indians believe in the Great Spirit who haspowerover all things including animals,trees,stones and clouds.平原印第安人信奉“大神灵”,“大神灵”掌管着包括动物、树木、石头和云彩在内的万事万物。(P47)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①That we had power a situation gave us a feeling of power.
②It’s not that I don’t want to help you,but it’s my power to do so.
③I shall be happy to give you any information my power.
④The Party has been power for five years.
考点必记
beyond one’s power不能胜任,力所不及
out of one’s power不能胜任,力所不及
in/within one’s power在能力/权力之内
in power在掌权
come to power(开始)掌权,上台
do all in one’s power尽力,竭尽全力
fall from power下野,下台
随堂巩固迁移运用
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.However,instead of devoting themselves to their work,they find themselves working to support the lifestyle which they have so quickly become accustomed.
2.Students living in buildings that have kitchens (permit) only to cook in the kitchens.
3.In 1897,the state of Michigan passed a law (prohibit) the killing of passenger pigeons.
4.He kept walking up and down restlessly,his face pale,and his hands shaking (slight).
5.So weeks later,at my 13th birthday party,inspired by her (brave),I gave up my scarf and showed off my scars.
6.When my uncle arrived with a smile,I threw my arms around him to give him warm hug.
7.I want to express my sincere (congratulate) on your success.
8.We’ve had to make some (adjust) to our original calculations.
9.The climate here is quite pleasant,the temperature rarely, ever,reaching 30℃ in summer.
10.The Chinese community here are shooting off fireworks in (celebrate) of the Chinese New Year.
Ⅱ.短语填空
take up,adjust to,get into trouble,dream of,after all
1.My work colleagues my taking off at a moment’s notice for medical emergencies.
2. ,I was a teenage girl,and I couldn’t bear people to look at me and think I was not like them.
3.Such people always stick to their views,even if it means that they may .
4.With another try,they may gain what they .
5.If the table too much room,you can remove it.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1.I am not accustomed to walk long distances.
2.I ensured that the car will arrive by six o’clock.
3.If I am in your position,I would marry her.
4.At the first,I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself.
5.It was not until the area was seriously polluted when they realised it was high time that they took action.
6.When I woke up,it was already midnight and it took a few seconds for my eyes to adjust on the darkness.
Ⅳ.话题微写作
写作内容提示
1.中西方的文化相差很大。(difference)
2.我们可能不太熟悉外国的风俗习惯。(familiar)
3.比如说,彼此打招呼的方式不一样。(greet)
4.这样很容易造成冒犯。(offence)
5.当我们带领外国游客参观时,就要调整我们的礼仪方式。(adjust)
连句成文(参考上述提示,通过合理想象整合成一篇短文)
请完成【高考题型·组合规范练】
Unit4 Helpingpeoplearoundtheworld
(主题语境:人与自我——做人与做事)
核心考点课堂突破
1.lackvt.(所需事物的)缺乏,短缺;没有(某事物) n.缺少,不足
[教材原句]When there is a lack of food,there is hunger.缺少食物,就会有饥饿。(P49)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Later,he worked in Africa,where many people suffered from blindness lack of proper treatment.(2020·江苏卷)
②Despite his lack experience,he got the job.
③It (lack) the power of the Italian cars.
④He is lacking confidence when delivering a speech in public.
[句式升级]
⑤The green hand is short of practical experience.
=The green hand practical experience.
考点必记
(1)lack+n.缺乏……
lack for+n.(多用于否定句中)需要;需求
(2)for lack of+n.因缺乏……
a lack of+n.缺乏……
no lack of不缺乏
(3)be lacking in sth不足;缺乏
[用法点拨]
lack不用于被动语态。
2.主语+be+形容词+不定式
[教材原句]Thislandwasdifficulttofarm but now water has been pumped into the fields.这块地过去难以耕种,但现在水已经被抽进了地里。(P49)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Many bad habits can be especially difficult (correct).
②The house is comfortable (live) in.
③The boy who was missing in the supermarket yesterday is hard to look .
[完成句子]
④虽然有些问题我似乎不熟悉,但它们很容易回答。
,they are easy to answer.
考点必记
(1)本句属于“主语+be+adj.+动词不定式”结构,在此结构中,动词不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。常见的用于此结构的形容词有:difficult,hard,easy,comfortable,(im)possible,pleasant,interesting,exciting等。
(2)动词不定式和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系;若动词不定式为不及物动词,其后必须要加相应的介词。
[写作佳句]
The armchair looks rather hard,but in fact itisverycomfortabletositin.
这把扶手椅看上去很硬,但事实上坐上去很舒服。
3.referto谈及,提到;与……相关,涉及;查阅,参考
[教材原句]I am pleased to have this chance today to talk to you about the United Nations,or the UN,as it is more often referredto.我很高兴今天有机会同大家谈一谈联合国的情况,联合国也被称为UN——这个名称更常用。(P50)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①In his speech,he referred a recent trip to Canada.
②Our economy is referred to a free market.
③In (refer) to your question about cost,the tickets for the film are 35 yuan each.
④The result of the research is reference only.
[完成句子]
⑤课本和字典可以作为参考书,杂志可以作为阅读材料。
The textbooks and dictionaries can be used while the magazines serve as reading materials.
考点必记
(1)refer to sb/sth as/to be...将某人/某物称为……
(2)reference n.提及,涉及;参考
a reference book参考书,工具书
with/in reference to关于,有关
for reference以备查阅
(3)refer v.提到,涉及,将某人(物)送交至……
[写作佳句]
Mr White referred his success to his hard work.怀特先生说他的成功是靠勤劳工作而获得的。
4.worthyadj.令人敬重的;值得的,相称的;有价值的
[教材原句]With the help of these armies and other worthy organizations,the UN assists the victims of wars and disasters.在这些军队和其他令人敬重的机构的帮助之下,联合国帮助那些战争和灾害的受害者。(P50)
语境巧练
[一句多译]
这本参考书值得买,因为它对你的学习很有帮助。
①The reference book ,because it is a great help for your study.(worth)
②The reference book ,because it is a great help for your study.(worthy)
③The reference book ,because it is a great help for your study.(worthy)
④ the reference book,because it is a great help for your study.(worthwhile)
[完成句子]
⑤既然你对传统的中国文化感兴趣,我认为这个节日很值得你体验。
Since you are interested in traditional Chinese cultures, I think this festival .
考点必记
(1)be worthy of sth/of being done/to be done值得(做)某事
(2)worthwhile adj.重要的;令人愉快的;值得花时间或花钱、努力(等)的
It’s worthwhile to do/doing sth值得做某事
(3)worth adj.值得的;值……钱的 n.价值
be worth+n.值得……,值……
be worth doing sth值得做某事
5.equaladj.平等的;同等的 n.同等的人;相等物
[教材原句]In addition,the UN helps protect human rights and works to improve international laws,for example,those on child labour and on equal rights for minorities and women.另外,联合国帮助保护人权和致力于改善国际法规,比如:有关童工、少数民族和妇女的平等。(P50)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①None of us can equal(= )her,either in beauty or as a dancer.
②The film demands attention,and has no equal(=is )in cinema history.
③Success doesn’t only depend on what you do.What you don’t do is (equal)important.
[完成句子]
④其次,要积极向上、心情愉快,因为你的心理健康和身体健康同等重要。
For another, be positive and cheerful,for your mental health your physical health.
考点必记
(1)be equal to等于
the equal of与……相等;和……匹敌
equal treatment/rights平等对待/权利
equal opportunity机会均等
equal pay (男女)同工同酬
have no equal=be without equal无与伦比
(2)equally adv.同样地;相等地,平等地
equality n.平等;相等
racial equality种族平等
6.drawsomeone’sattentionto使(某人)察觉到
[教材原句]In addition,my visits will encourage people working on the projects and drawlocalpeople’sattentionto the situation.另外,我的到来将会鼓励人们致力于这些项目,吸引当地人们对形势的关注。(P51)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Uses of Prezi in listening and speaking courses draw (student) attention to speaking more fluently.
②I tried not to draw their attention the weak points in my argument.
考点必记
focus/centre/fix one’s attention on把注意力集中在……
attract/draw/catch one’s attention吸引某人的注意力
bring sth to one’s attention引起某人注意某事
[名师指津]
draw attention to 短语中的to 是介词,后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。
7.contributevt.&vi.捐献,捐赠,捐助;贡献;促成,导致;投稿
[教材原句]They collect approximately 1.35 yuan per day from each member and add it to some money contributed by the government.他们每天向每个成员筹集大约1.35元,然后加入政府捐献的款项中。 (P51)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①The headmaster to a newspaper to praise the lady’s generous to the school.(contribute)
[写出句子中contribute的含义]
②We’re not saying that everyone needs to contribute their lives to the poor.
③All the people in our school contributed something to the disaster areas.
④She contributed a number of articles to the magazine.
[完成句子]
⑤如果你想往我们报纸投稿,请在最后期限前把文章寄给我。
If you want to ,please send me your article before the deadline.
考点必记
(1)contribute sth to...把……捐献给……;给……投稿
contribute to为……做出贡献;有助于;导致
(2)contributor n.贡献者
contribution n.捐献;贡献;投稿
make a contribution/contributions to对……做出贡献
[名师指津]
contribute to “有助于”后接名词、代词或动词-ing作宾语,不能用动词原形, 因为此处to为介词。
8.acquirevt.购得;获得,得到
[教材原句]With this,the women have enough money to acquire materials to make baskets.有了这笔钱,女人们就有了足够的钱来获得做篮子的材料。(P51)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
① (acquire)a good knowledge of English,he gave up his job and went to study in an English school.
②He is a valuable (acquire) to the team.He is a good teacher.
考点必记
(1)acquire sth学会,获得
acquire a habit of...养成……的习惯
acquire a taste for...开始喜欢上……
(2)acquisition n.取得,获得,习得;获得物
9.wouldrather...宁愿……
[教材原句]I wouldrather you hadn’t told me about it.我宁愿你还没有把那件事告诉我。(P56)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①One day a couple of weeks into the summer he came to me and said he made a mistake and would rather (work) at my basketball camp.
②We would rather our daughter (stay) at home with us,but it is her choice,and she is not a child any longer.
[句式升级]
③I prefer to play football rather than play basketball.
=I play football play basketball.
=I play football play basketball.
考点必记
(1)would rather do sth than(do)sth
=would do...rather than do...
=prefer to do...rather than do...
宁愿做……而不愿做……
(2)would rather do sth宁愿做……
(3)would rather +(that)从句
从句时态:
①过去时(与现在或将来事实相反)
②过去完成时(与过去事实相反)
(4)rather than而不是
10.Ifonly...要是……就好了
[教材原句]Ifonly there were more people donating money to charities!要是有更多的人捐款给慈善机构就好了!(P57)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①If only I (not inform) her of the news,she wouldn’t be so sad.
②If only they (be) here now,we would be able to celebrate their wedding anniversary.
[用ifonly,onlyif填空]
③I failed again. I had had time to review my lessons.
④ I make full preparations will I pass the test next time.
[完成句子]
⑤要是他继续努力,他会得到一条更大的鱼。
,he would have got a bigger fish.
考点必记
句中if only...意为“要是……就好了”,用来表达愿望,句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气。
(1)if only...had done...表示与过去事实相反的愿望
(2)if only...did...表示与现在事实相反的愿望
(3)if only...could/would/might do...表示对将来事情的愿望(不用should)
(4)only if意为“只要……”,相当于as long as,位于句首时,其后句子用倒装语序。
11.meansn.手段,方法
[教材原句]Health care is limited as there are no doctors or nurses in the villages—no one has the means to pay them.医疗水平有限,因为村里没有医生也没有护士——没有人能够支付他们的报酬。(P59)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①She could not speak,but made her wishes known by means signs.
②Every possible means (have) been tried,and we find only by this means is it possible to persuade him.
[句式升级]
③The problem is by no means as simple as we first thought.
=By no means as simple as we first thought.
[完成句子]
④通过定向分享,我只需要把书传递给其他参与者。
controlled release,I only need to deliver books to other participants.
考点必记
(1)means of transportation运输工具,运输方式
means of communication通信手段
a means of doing sth做某事的方法/途径
a means to an end达到目的的方法
(2)by means of用,凭借
by no means=not by any means决不;一点也不
by all means当然可以;尽一切办法,务必
12.obtainvi.获得;流行vt.获得
[教材原句]...people have to walk further and further away to obtain wood for cooking and heating.……人们要走很远很远才能获取做饭取暖的柴火。(P59)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①It means we have the chance (obtain) information about how the moon is constructed.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
②The dried herb is (obtain) from health shops.
[完成句子]
③You can also (从实践中获得知识).
考点必记
(1)obtain employment就业,找到工作
obtain information获得信息;索取资料或合同
(2)obtainable adj.能得到的
be obtainable from...可以从……获得
13.breakdown出故障;抛锚;瓦解,分解;失败;崩溃;损坏,拆毁
[教材原句]However,if the pump breaksdown,repairing it can be troublesome,as an engineer has to come from the nearest town to repair it.不过,如果水泵坏了,由于工程师不得不从最近的城里赶过来修理,修理水泵会很麻烦。(P59)
语境巧练
[用break的相关短语完成句子]
①The ice began to (破裂) on the river.
②He said his computer had (出故障).
③Last night somebody (闯入) Mr Brown’s house and took away many things.
④A fire (爆发) after we got home.
⑤The boy often (插嘴) while his parents are speaking.
⑥You must (与……脱离) from bad habits.
⑦After the heavy rain the sun (穿过……而出现) the clouds.
⑧Peter looked annoyed and had one eye on the doors,ready to (中断) the conversation the moment they opened.
[完成句子]
⑨我的自行车半路出了故障,我从上面摔了下来,使得左脚受伤了。
My bike halfway and I fell off it,making my left foot injured.
考点必记
break up打碎;分解;终止;破裂
break out爆发;突然发生
break in闯入;打断,插嘴
break away(from)与……脱离;与……断绝关系;打破(陈规陋习)
break through战胜,突围;穿过……而出现;突破
break off停顿,中断;断开,折断
break into强行进入,闯入;打断(谈话、讨论);突然开始
break the rule违反规定
[易混辨析]
break down与break up
两者在表示“击碎,粉碎,拆散”时意思非常相近,可通用。但是在表示化学性质的分解时多用break down;表示“驱赶,使解散”时多用break up;表示婚姻、友情等关系破裂时用break up。
14.remindsbof让某人想起……,提醒某人
[教材原句]It remindedmeof my time in Sudan...这让我想起来我在苏丹的日子…… (P63)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Remind me (phone) Alan before I go out.
②The shape reminds him the spires of the churches of London.
③I’m king of this forest,and here is your (remind)! (2018·全国Ⅲ卷)
④Passengers (remind) that no smoking is allowed on this train.
[完成句子]
⑤这个结果有助于你预测一些重大疾病和食物偏好,并提醒你合适的锻炼方式。
The result will help to predict some major and severe diseases and your preference for diet and .
考点必记
(1)remind sb to do sth提醒某人去做某事
remind sb that...提醒某人……
(2)reminder n.起提醒作用的物
(3)“v.+sb+of sth”短语
①cure sb of sth治好某人的病
②accuse sb of sth指控某人某事
③warn sb of sth警告某人某事
④inform sb of sth通知某人某事
⑤convince sb of sth使某人相信某事
⑥rob sb of sth抢劫某人的某物
15.thinkbackto回想过去;回忆起
[教材原句]When I thinkbackto all the experiences that I have had around the world since joining Doctors without Borders,I feel that I have been very lucky to be able to help others and do something worthwhile.当我回想起我参加“无国界医生组织”以来在全世界范围的所有经历,我觉得我很幸运能够帮助别人,做些有价值的事情。(P63)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①“I have to do this,”I (暗自思考).
②People (很欣赏你) for your honesty and professionalism.
③You always (再三考虑) before you say something.
④Why does it make me so sad when I (回想起)that time?
⑤He (仔细思考) the secretary’s words.Suddenly he saw the whole thing more clearly.
考点必记
think of记起,想起;考虑;想象;关心
think about考虑
think to oneself盘算;自思自忖
think for oneself独立思考
think twice再三考虑;重新考虑
think over仔细考虑;重新考虑
think oneself as自认为是
think highly of高度评价,尊重
think up想出;发明;虚构
16.makeadifference有作用(关系、影响)
[教材原句]...I’m proud that I can help here and there,and makeadifference to people’s lives.……我很骄傲能到处帮忙,对人们的生活能有所影响。(P63)
语境巧练
[用difference的相关短语完成句子]
①It (没有作用) to me whether he comes here or not.
②Can you (区分) between the two words?
③Your age shouldn’t (有些作用) to whether you get the job or not.
[小话题写作]
④我不仅不会到处乱丢垃圾和吐痰,而且无论何时都会帮忙清理路边的垃圾。我希望我的行为能起到作用。
keep from littering or spitting anywhere,but I will also help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible.I hope my behavior will .
考点必记
make no difference(to sb/sth)
(对某人/物)没有作用或影响
make some difference(to sb/sth)
(对某人/物)有些作用或影响
tell the difference分辨;区分;区别
[写作佳句]
They have the power to makeadifference in the lives of others.他们拥有对别人命运有重大影响的能力。
随堂巩固迁移运用
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.They are potential powers we (possession):energy,skill,sound judgment,creative ideas—even physical strength greater than most of us realize.
2.There are problems psychology doesn’t have the answer to,and which no words can (description).
3.A (political) may read an account of his latest successful public meeting,not for its delayed reward,but very much as his wife reads an account of a party.
4.We are a (volunteer) organization and registered charity without financial links to the National Park Authority.
5.You must have a good education,but practical training is (equal) important.
6.These days the industry’s most (urge) question may be how to control the flow of tourists.
7.In its early history,Chicago had floods frequently,especially in the spring,making the streets so (mud) that people,horses,and carts got stuck.
8.I made a (commit) to him to pay all of the debts.
9.Mr Johnson insisted that the problem worthy attention be discussed at the meeting.
10.Would you tell me the general (describe) of your present job?
Ⅱ.短语填空
get hold of,for lack of,break down,in addition,refer to
1.A final point to bear in mind is that the term “classical music” is used to a great variety of music,from jazz to pieces for large orchestras.
2.You need time and money; ,you need diligence.
3.People are moving to the cities work in the countryside.
4.If the car on the way,you will have to walk back.
5.He a railway timetable and looked up all the trains to London.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1.If only I have a car,I could get out of this place.
2.Rather than working in such a bad condition,he would give up.
3.Lacking of time prevented me from writing to you.
4.The water may be carried by mean of a pipe.
5.There occurred nothing worth to be mentioned.
Ⅳ.话题微写作
写作内容提示
1.现在,很多年轻人做志愿工作。(voluntary)
2.有些人去偏远的山区为留守儿童授课。(mountainous)
3.这些地区缺乏干净的自来水。(lack)
4.此外,孩子们每天走着泥泞的路去上学。(in addition)
5.如果人人都做出点贡献,我们就会对他人的生活产生影响。(contribution,make a difference)
连句成文(参考上述提示,通过合理想象整合成一篇短文)
请完成【高考题型·组合规范练】
Unit1 Livingwithtechnology
(主题语境:人与社会——科学与技术)
核心考点课堂突破
1.keepintouchwith与……保持联系
[教材原句]With mobile phones,we can keepintouchwith others wherever we are.有了手机,我们可以随地与别人保持联系。(P1)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①To make it easier (与我们取得联系),you’d better keep this card at hand.
②He managed (与父母取得联系) after the war and they have (一直相互保持联系) since then.
③We (不与玛丽联系) for many years.
④Do write to me as often as you can.I don’t want (与你失去联系).
⑤I think it important that we (跟上时代).
⑥Will you please (看一下我的行李)?
⑦Nobody can entirely (远离) from this competitive world.
⑧He had no mobile phone or other means to (与他的父母取得联系).
考点必记
(1)stay in touch with 与……保持联系
get in touch with与……取得联系
lose touch with与……失去联系
keep/be in touch with与……有/保持联系
be out of touch with与……不联系
(2)keep up保持,继续
keep to坚持;信守
keep away远离;使不靠近
keep down控制,限制
keep back隐瞒;使不往前
keep sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事
keep off挡住;避开;使……不靠近
keep out (of)置身……之外,把……挡在外面
keep up with跟上,不落后
keep an eye on监视,关注
[用法点拨]
get in touch with意为“与……取得联系”,强调动作,不可与一段时间连用。keep in touch with意为“与……保持联系”,表示状态,可与一段时间连用。
2.Itis/was+notuntil(+被强调部分)+that从句
[教材原句]...but itwasnotuntil 1938 that the first colour TV programme was broadcast.……但直到1938年第一个彩色电视节目才播出。(P2)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①It was not until you told me I knew what he had said at the meeting.
②Not he informed me of the meeting was I aware that I had not prepared for my proposal.
③Bach died in 1750,but was not until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully recognized.
[句式升级]
④She was not able to go back to work until her child grew up.
= her child grew up she was able to go back to work.
= her child grew up able to go back to work.
考点必记
It is/was+not until(+被强调部分)+that从句.
本句使用了特殊的强调句型“It was not until+...+that...”。在“It is/was+被强调部分+that 从句.”这个强调结构中,被强调部分除了状语外还可以是主语、宾语和表语等。若原句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时,其结构需用“It is...who/that...”;如果原句的谓语动词是过去时,则其结构为“It was...who/that...”。若被强调的部分是人,可以用连接词who或that;若被强调的部分不是指人,不管其作何成分,只能用that连接。
[用法点拨]
在英语中,该句型除了不能用来强调谓语,其他部分均可被强调。如果要强调谓语,需用“助动词do/does/did+动词原形”。
3.delayvt.&vi.(使)推迟,延迟 n.延迟,延误
[教材原句]Regular colour TV broadcasts were delayed in the UK until 1967.在英国,定期的彩色电视节目的播出一直延迟至1967年。(P2)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①They decide to have more workers for the project so that it won’t (delay).(2020·江苏卷)
②My doctor advised me to give up smoking delay.
③We decided to delay (go) on our journey till next month.
[完成句子]
④通常来说,你到达的时间不应该延误,最好是早几分钟。
Generally speaking,your arrival .A few minutes earlier is the best.
考点必记
(1)delay doing sth推迟做某事
(2)without delay毫不耽搁;立即(相当于immediately,at once,right away/now)
(3)delayed adj.延迟的,耽搁的
the delayed flight延迟的航班
[写作佳句]
Never delay doing something you should finish today.(谚语)今日事今日毕。
4.accessibleadj.可使用的;可接触到的;可到达的;易理解的
[教材原句]They also make TV accessible to people who live far away from cities,and satellite dishes can often be seen distributed throughout the countryside and remote areas.它们也使远离城市的人们可以收看电视,在农村和边远地区经常可以看到卫星天线。(P2)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①The project will make information more (access) to the public,while ensuring data is better managed.
②Make sure that medicine should not be kept where it is accessible children when you leave home.
[句式升级]
③All students have access to the Writing Centre on the upper floor of Douglas Hall.
=The Writing Centre on the upper floor of Douglas Hall all students.
考点必记
(1)be accessible to可接近的;可享用的
(2)access(to) n.[U] 入径,通道;机会(后常接介词to)
have/gain access to...有接近……的机会,有使用……的权利
(3)accessibly adv.可接近地;易接近地
accessible本义是“可接近的;可进入的;可到达的”,引申出“可得到的,可使用的”的意思。
[写作佳句]
TOKNOW makes complex ideas attractive and accessible to children...(2017·北京卷,阅读理解)TOKNOW使复杂的思想对孩子们有吸引力并容易理解……
5.distributevt.使分布,分散;分发,分配;分销
[教材原句]They also make TV accessible to people who live far away from cities,and satellite dishes can often be seen distributed throughout the countryside and remote areas.它们也使远离城市的人们可以收看电视,在农村和边远地区经常可以看到卫星天线。(P2)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Please distribute these pictures the children.
②The (distribute) of these languages is hugely uneven.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)
③The process of the project is distributed three stages.
[完成句子]
④蛋糕会被切开分发给我们,然后我们会唱歌和玩游戏。
The cake will be cut and and then we’ll sing songs and play games.
考点必记
(1)distribute...into把……分类,把……分组
distribute sth to/among...把……发给……
distribute sth over...把……散布于……,把……分配到……
(2)distribution n.分发,分配;分布
6.windup上发条;摇上(车窗)
[教材原句]The first record players had to be woundup by hand and only played records that were two minutes long.最早的留声机必须手摇上发条,而且只能播放两分钟长的录音。(P3)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①I forgot (给手表上发条了),so of course it stopped.
②Can I (把窗户摇下来)?
考点必记
wind sth around sth把某物缠绕在某物上
wind down把(车窗)摇下;使(业务、活动等)逐步结束
7.seem+tobe看上去
[教材原句]Most of these devices,such as CD players and MP4 players,seemtobe for music.大部分的诸如CD播放器、MP4播放器的设备似乎是专门用来听音乐的。(P7)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①It seems many people don’t cook fish at home.
②They annoy us because they seem to (ignore) us and missing the important things.
[完成句子]
③There seems (没有事情) for you to do now.
④But at times it (似乎太难了,也太遥不可及了).(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
考点必记
(1)“主语+seem+(to be)+表语”,表语多为名词或形容词,以说明主语的特征或状态。
(2)“主语+seem+不定式”,此句型中的seem与不定式一起构成复合谓语。
(3)“It seems+that从句”,其中it 是形式主语,that引导主语从句。
(4)“There+seem to be+名词”,其中to be可以省略。seem的单复数形式要根据后面作主语的名词的单复数形式而定。
8.translationn.翻译;转化
[教材原句]This great all-round electronic dictionary gives you Chinese to English translation,as well as English to Chinese translation.这种精美的综合性的电子词典能让你把汉语翻译成英语,也能把英语翻译成汉语。(P10)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Work out a plan to translate your childhood memories your grown-up garden.
②The (translate) of poetry is difficult.
③The teacher asked the students to translate those sentences Chinese into English.
④Rustam,his (translate),picked up his colourful English in California.
考点必记
(1)translate vt.&vi.翻译;把……用另一种形式表达出来;能被翻译
translate...into...把……译成……
translate from译自;(把……)从……译成
(2)translator n.译者
9.rejectvt.拒绝,拒收;不予考虑,不予录用;排斥
[教材原句]The Amish reject cars because they like having tight communities where everyone lives close together.阿曼门诺派教徒拒绝汽车,因为他们喜欢享有关系紧密的社区,在这里大家一起住得很近。(P14)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Like those early days for Dad,I faced lots of (reject).
[用refuse,decline,reject和deny填空]
②I asked him to lend me his car,but he .
③Their spokesman to comment on the allegations.
④He having seen these watches before.
⑤The patient the transplanted organ.
[完成句子]
⑥我认为我们输掉比赛的主要原因是我们没有接受教练的建议。
I think the main reason why we lost the match is that we .
考点必记
(1)rejection n.拒绝;拒收;不予录用
(2)refuse语气较重,指态度坚决、肯定无疑地拒绝
decline指婉言谢绝他人的帮助或邀请等
reject多指由于某物、某事或某行为不能让人满意而被当面直截了当地拒绝
deny多指否认(观点等)
10.opposevt.反对,抵制,阻挠;与……竞争
[教材原句]Since the Amish value seeing each other face to face,they oppose having telephones in their houses.由于阿曼门诺派教徒重视彼此面对面地交往,他们反对在住宅里装电话。(P14)
语境巧练
[句式升级]
①I must say,in common with Helen,that I strongly oppose(= )the proposal.
②The girl’s parents opposed their daughter marrying(= ) such a man.
[用oppose的适当形式填空]
③I am not to driving,but I think middle school students should not be driving,because kids of this age are not serious enough.
④Jack is considerate;his wife is just the .
⑤We wish to know if you have anything to say in .
考点必记
(1)oppose sth to/against sth使……与……对照/对抗
(2)opposed adj.敌对的,相反的
be opposed to反对,不赞成,与……相反
as opposed to与……相对
(3)opposite adj.对面的;相反的 n.对立面
quite the opposite恰恰相反
(4)opposition n.反对,反抗
in opposition反对
[名师指津]
表示“反对”的其他表达方式:object to doing sth/be against doing sth
11.circumstancen.环境,状况,条件
[教材原句]For example,no matter what the circumstances,when the phone rings,everything stops so that the call can be answered.例如,无论在什么情况下,当电话铃声响起时,为了能接电话,一切都要停下来。(P14)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Sales director is a position communication ability is just as important as sales skills.
[句式升级]
②We can let the fake products become uncontrolled in the market under no circumstances.
=Under no circumstances in the market.
③My teacher always reminds me that I should abandon my learning goals once I set them under no circumstances.
=My teacher always reminds me that under no circumstances once I set them.
[完成句子]
④Don’t deceive (在任何情况下).
⑤However,some individuals have been able to beat (在某些情况下) on this list.
⑥ (在这样的环境中),the degradation of products and places,producers and consumers is inevitable.
考点必记
under/in...circumstance(s)在……情况下
in/under the circumstances在这种情况下;既然这样
in/under no circumstances决不;在任何情况下都不
in/under certain circumstances在某些情况下
[名师指津]
(1)抽象地点名词,如:circumstance,point,stage,case,situation,condition,position,activity,race,competition,system,job,scene,life,occasion,environment等作先行词时,其定语从句用where引导。
(2)表示“决不”且与in/under no circumstances用法类似的常用词组还有:in no case,at no time,by no means,in no way,on no account,on no condition。
12.typicaladj.平常的;典型的,有代表性的;特有的
[教材原句]For some reason,a typical mobile phone call is nearly always given greater importance than a face-to-face conversation.由于某种原因,一个平常的手机来电几乎总是被赋予比面对面交谈更多的重要性。(P15)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①This painting (相当典型) his early works.
②Jack is late again. (他一向如此……) keep others waiting.
③ (以我为典型的例子).I once lived alone for a week when my parents went out traveling.
考点必记
be typical of...典型的;有代表性的
It’s typical of sb to do sth某人做某事一向如此
13.forgoodmeasure额外
[教材原句]Maybe we should throw all of our phones into the dustbin,along with our cars and TVs forgoodmeasure.也许我们应该把所有的电话连同汽车和电视机一起扔进垃圾箱。(P15)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①The (measure) they have taken are aimed at gaining complete control over the government.
②The good things they have done for me are measure.
③For two years they knew happiness full measure and then Jane fell ill.
④Please make a suit my measure.
考点必记
make sth to one’s measure按照某人的尺寸做……
take sb’s measure/take the measure of sb估计某人的性格或能力
take measures to do sth采取措施做某事
in a measure/in some measure在某种程度上
in full measure最大限度地
beyond measure无法估量,极度,非常
14.rid...of...使……免除,使……摆脱
[教材原句]Maybe we should rid ourselves of modern technology and return to simpler times.也许我们应该使自己摆脱现代技术,回到更为简单的时代。(P15)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①He wanted to be rid his parents and their authority.
②Gradually,this noise began to appear during a show,and to get rid it,I had to change to another channel and then change it back.
③He wanted to rid (he) of the burden of the secret.
[完成句子]
④其次,和朋友一起去户外做团队游戏,这是一个使你摆脱愤怒的有效方法。
Second,go outdoors and play team games with your friends,which is an effective way to .
考点必记
rid of 除去,摆脱
be/get rid of摆脱,除去(相当于escape from)
rid yourself of摆脱
[写作佳句]
Always getridof your rubbish properly and recycle waste (e.g.glass,paper) where possible.可能的话,总是要妥善处理你的垃圾并回收废物(如玻璃、纸张)。
随堂巩固迁移运用
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.To my surprise,he (mere) smiled at us,handed us some cash and said,“Buy yourself new hamburgers.”
2.Most people nowadays use “IT” instead of its (translate) “xinxi jishu”.
3.However,planning and (construct) for one plant will take up to 15 years.
4.I hope our country has an equal (distribute) of income and wealth.
5.The CNIB library has got more than 80,000 (access) materials for people unable to read traditional print.
6.The book described the (adapt) of desert species to the hot conditions.
7.Many of the fish caught for sport are not suitable eating,so they are thrown away.
8.What I have found helpful is for me to be mentally prepared to face (reject).
9.I have been consistently opposed to (feed) a baby regularly.
10.They’d soon be penniless and homeless if she couldn’t find (suit) work.
Ⅱ.短语填空
keep in touch with,get rid of,contribute to,above all,in other words
1. the distractions around you.
2.Their inventions have the development of electrical engineering.
3.Now we can use the Internet to each other.
4.Our goods compete in terms of product quality,reliability and variety.
5.They asked him to leave; he was fired.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1.The children seemed to be eaten something in the room.
2.Although we have made some progress,but we still have a long way to go.
3.There was such a long queue for coffee at the interval that we eventual gave up.
4.Of course,the most obviously answer is that fast food is fast.
5.We should think about possible drawback while preparing for the Olympics.
Ⅳ.话题微写作
写作内容提示
1.随着科技的发展,我们进入了数字化时代。(digital)
2.智能手机让我们与他人保持联系更加方便。(keep in touch with)
3.智能手机不仅仅能打电话和发短信。(merely)
4.有人反对过分使用智能手机,我们应该摆脱它们的束缚。(oppose,rid)
5.很显然,我们应该学会合理地使用电子产品。(obvious)
连句成文(参考上述提示,通过合理想象整合成一篇短文)
请完成【高考题型·组合规范练】
Unit2 Fitforlife
(主题语境:人与自我——生活与学习)
核心考点课堂突破
1.ifso如果是这样的话
[教材原句]Have you ever seen a doctor?Ifso,what happened?你曾经看过医生吗?如果看过的话,发生了什么事?(P17)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
① (要是不行),let me know what time suits you best.
② (要是这样),come early to the talk by Jules Skye,a successful record producer.
③She seldom, (如果去过),goes to the cinema.
④Last but not least,you may also tell your problem to your teachers and friends (如果有必要).
⑤ (如果可以的话),please let us know and we’ll wait for you at the school gate at 9:00 in the morning.
考点必记
if so“如果是这样的话”,是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式,其反义表达为if not(如果不这样的话)。
(1)if ever如果有过的话
(2)if any如果有的话
(3)if possible如果有可能
(4)if necessary如果有必要
2.itislikelythat...很可能……
[教材原句]If you open up any medicine cupboard or go to any medicine counter in the world,itislikelythat you will find aspirin and penicillin.倘若你打开世界上任何一个药柜或去任何一家药店的柜台,都很有可能找到阿司匹林和青霉素。(P18)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Who is more likely (get)the job?
② will be likely to snow tonight.
[完成句子]
③However, (很有可能)Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.
[句式升级]
④You are likely to suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.
= you will suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.
考点必记
It is likely that...“很可能……”,此句型可转化为:Sb/Sth is likely to...“某人/某物可能……”。
注意:likely,possible和probable都表示“可能”,但只有likely能用人作主语。
常用于以下结构:It is possible that sb...(possible)
Sb is likely to do.../It is likely that sb...(likely)
It is probable that sb...(probable)
3.连系动词用主动表被动
[教材原句]Both of these medicines have saved millions of people’s lives and have proved beneficial to mankind since they were invented.自从这两种药被发明以来,它们已挽救了数百万人的性命,并已证实对人类有益。(P18)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①But he argued that this (并不能证明) parental involvement was the root cause of that success.
②In the weeks that followed,the solution which had come up in my unconscious mind (证明是正确的) at every step.
③But here,too,Anderson notes that no studies (证明它) so far.
④ (能证明) that she did commit the offences?
⑤The book (关不上).
⑥The book (销售得快).
⑦The sentences (读起来很清楚).
⑧The house (需要维修) immediately.
⑨Who is (受责备),Tom or Kate?
⑩The place is (值得参观) again.
考点必记
(1)连系动词用主动表被动:尤其是表示“……起来”的系动词,如sound(听起来),taste(尝起来),smell(闻起来),feel(摸起来),look/seem(看起来)等,尽管它的汉语意思含有被动意味,但英语却要用主动形式表示被动含义。
(2)某些不及物动词用主动表被动:用作不及物动词的open,close,shut,read,write,translate,wash,clean,lock,sell,wear,cut,cook等,当主语是物,且因该事物本身具有某一固有特点使得谓语动词能以某种方式得以实现或难以实现时,用主动形式表示被动含义。
(3)关于let,blame:不定式to blame,to let等作表语时,用主动表示被动。
(4)几个表示“需要”的动词:在表示“(某物)需要”的need,want,require等后的动词-ing形式用主动表示被动含义。
(5)关于be worth doing sth:在be worth后的动词的-ing形式用主动表示被动。
4.beneficialadj.有益的,有用的
[教材原句]Both of these medicines have saved millions of people’s lives and have proved beneficial to mankind since they were invented.自从这两种药被发明以来,它们已挽救了数百万人的性命,并已证实对人类有益。(P18)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals the benefit of all its citizens.
②The new regulations will be of benefit everyone concerned.
考点必记
(1)be beneficial to...对……有用/有好处/有益
(2)benefit vt.使受益 vi.得益于 n.益处
benefit sb/sth对某人/某物有益
benefit from/by...从……中获得益处
be of benefit to...对……有益
for sb’s benefit为了某人的利益
for the benefit of sb为了某人的利益
5.possessvt.拥有,具有
[教材原句]Nearly 3,500 years ago,people chewed on leaves or drank a kind of tea made from leaves possessing a special chemical to reduce body pains and fever.大约3500年前,人们咀嚼一种含有特殊化学物质的树叶或饮用这种树叶制成的茶,以减轻身体疼痛和退烧。(P18)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①As a rich businessman,he was thought to lots of .(possess)
②She was found possession of dangerous drugs.
[句式升级]
③He is in possession of the company.
=He / / possesses the company.
考点必记
(1)be possessed by 被……控制
be possessed of拥有
(2)possession n.具有;(常用复数)个人财产;属地
take possession of (表示动作)占有
get/gain possession of sth取得某物
in possession of(表示主动和状态)占有
in the possession of(表示被动和状态)被……占有
6.vitaladj.对……极重要的,必不可少的
[教材原句]Not only has aspirin proved vital for reducing fever and helping stop pain,but there are also other things that aspirin can help with.阿司匹林不仅被证明对于退烧和止痛必不可少,而且还有其他用途。(P18)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①The port is vital the supply of relief to millions of drought victims.
②It is vital that schools (teach) students to study on their own.
③The way we choose to bring up children is (vital) important.
[完成句子]
④采取有效措施,阻止水资源污染是很关键的。
take effective measures to stop polluting the water resources.
考点必记
(1)be vital for/to sth对某事来说必不可少,极其重要
It’s vital that对……来说必不可少,极其重要(注意从句使用虚拟语气,即should+v.原形,should可以省略)
(2)vitally adv.极其;生死攸关地
7.potentialn.潜力
[教材原句]Lawrence Craven,a doctor from the USA,introduced the idea in 1953 that aspirin had the potential to reduce the risk of heart attacks,because it helped the blood circulate better.美国一位医生劳伦斯·克雷文在1953年提出一个观点,即阿司匹林可能有助于降低心脏病发作的风险,因为它能改善血液循环。(P18)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①You should believe that the students (有学好英语的巨大潜能).
②She believes that working in this way can (有助于充分发挥她的潜力).
③The magic words (有……的潜力) build a more harmonious space of life.
考点必记
have the potential to do sth有做某事的潜力
the potential for (doing)sth(做)某事的可能性/潜力
achieve/realize one’s (full)potential(充分)发挥某人的潜力
[写作佳句]
But however long it takes,the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities...(2018·北京卷)不管需要多久,这种科学技术有改变我们的运输系统和城市的潜力……
8.astonishvt.使十分惊讶,使吃惊
[教材原句]It astonished him to see the bacteria surrounding the mould dead,which meant that the mould had killed them.使他十分惊讶的是,他看到这种霉周围的细菌都死了,这意味着是这种霉杀死了它们。(P19)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①We are astonished what you have done.
②I was astonished (hear) the bad news.
③To our ,he was not at the news.(astonish)
[句式升级]
④You don’t like the job and it astonishes us.
=You don’t like the job, .(用非限制性定语从句改写)
= you don’t like the job.(用it作形式主语改写)
= you don’t like the job.(用what引导主语从句进行改写)
= ,you don’t like the job.(用to one’s astonishment改写)
= you don’t like the job.(用be astonished that...改写)
考点必记
(1)astonishing adj.令人惊讶的
(2)astonishingly adv.令人震惊地
(3)astonished adj.感到惊讶的
be astonished at/by sth因……而惊讶
be astonished to do sth对做某事感到惊讶
be astonished that...惊讶……
(4)astonishment n.惊讶
to one’s astonishment使某人惊讶的是
in/with astonishment惊奇地;惊愕地,惊讶地
[名师指津]
astonished “感到惊讶的”,一般指人对事物或人的反应;astonishing “令人惊讶的”,一般指事物本身令人惊讶。
9.tryout测试,试验
[教材原句]Fleming tried this mould out on another bacterium and found that it killed the bacterium too.弗莱明将这种霉在另外一种细菌上做试验,发现它同样杀死了那种细菌。(P19)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Several pairs of shoes were tried ,but none of them were satisfactory.
②His brother’s example inspired him to try for the football team.
③Amy is trying a job as a research assistant.
[翻译句子]
④他们洗了茶壶,加了茶叶,往茶杯里倒了些水,他们按照我的指导,试着学习泡茶的技巧。
考点必记
try to do sth 努力做某事
try doing sth 试着做某事
try on试穿
try one’s best to do sth竭尽所能做某事
try for试图获得
try out for参加选拔
10.approvaln.批准,通过;赞成,同意
[教材原句]Since the new drug was needed for World War Ⅱ,the government approval process for penicillin was accelerated,and mass production began in 1944.由于这种新药为第二次世界大战所需,政府批准程序得以加快,大批量生产始于1944年。(P19)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Maybe we recycle because our wives and neighbors would (approve) if we don’t.
②I will appreciate it if you approve my application.
[完成句子]
③ (在妈妈的同意下),John got to prepare the oven.
④Do the plans (得到你的认可)?
⑤As children grew,they became more anxious to (得到更多的公众认可).
考点必记
(1)meet with sb’s approval得到某人的赞许,得到某人的认可
express one’s approval表示赞同
gain the approval of得到……的同意
have sb’s approval得到某人的同意
(2)approve vi.赞成;同意vt.批准;通过
disapprove v.不同意,不批准
approve of赞成;同意
11.wearout(使)筋疲力尽;(使)厌烦
[教材原句]Today I feel wornout.今天我觉得筋疲力尽。(P25)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①The kids have totally (把我烦透了).
②The children (累坏了) when they arrived home.
③The hotel (烧得只剩一片废墟).
④Seeing the lines of trees,we all had a sense of achievement although we were (有点儿累了).
考点必记
(1)wear sth out穿破;用坏
wear (sth) away (因重复使用而)磨损,侵蚀
wear down (通过不断攻击或施加压力)使衰弱,使意志薄弱
(2)worn adj.用坏的;用旧的;筋疲力尽的
be worn out (人)精疲力竭;(物)破烂不堪
(3)tire out使极度劳累
burn out把(通常为建筑物、汽车等)烧成空架子;烧尽;出故障;(使)失去活力;(使)垮掉
12.letout放出,发出;放大(衣服)
[教材原句]These included a needle with a head like an arrow,used for making shallow holes in the surface of the skin;a needle with a round tip,used for pressing the tissue under the skin;a dull needle,used for tapping against pressure points;and a needle like a small sword,used for letting liquid out of body parts which had swollen up.这些包括:头部像箭的针,用于在皮肤表面刺出小孔;头部是圆形的针,用于按压皮下组织;钝头针,用于敲打压痛点;像小剑一样的针,用于让液体从肿胀部位流出。(P30)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①But in a previous experiment Professor Ryan found that the hormone is also let in our body during negative social interactions such as envy.
②The waist in the pants needs to (let) out.
[完成句子]
③他们不关心别人。更不用说主动帮助同学了。
They don’t care about others. give an offer to help other classmates.
考点必记
let sth down降低;放下
let sb down使失望
let sb/sth go/let go of sb/sth放开;松手
let in让……进入;放进
let sth off使爆炸
let...into把……进入
let alone更不用说
13.addictedadj.上瘾;入迷
[教材原句]Some people have also used acupuncture to treat smokers,alcoholics and people who are addicted to drugs.有些人也用针刺疗法来治疗吸烟者、酗酒者以及染上毒瘾的人。(P31)
语境巧练
[用addict的适当形式填空]
①The boy became to computer games and didn’t want to study.
②She helped him fight his drug .
③I took up skiing a couple of years ago and I found it quite .
④They are rock music .
[一句多译]
一些青少年沉迷于网络。
⑤Some teenagers the Internet.
⑥The Internet .
考点必记
(1)be addicted to sth/doing sth沉溺于(做)某事;专心(做)某事
(2)addiction n.瘾;入迷;嗜好
addict n.瘾君子;对某事物有强烈兴趣的人
addictive adj.上瘾的
[名师指津]
不管是动词addict还是形容词addicted或名词addiction,表示“沉迷于/热衷于……”都和介词to连用
14.relatevt.&vi.联系,把……联系起来;叙述,讲述
[教材原句]Another theory relates acupuncture to the production of chemicals in the body which reduce pain.另外一种理论则将针刺疗法和人体内减痛化学物质的产生联系起来。(P31)
语境巧练
[用relate的适当形式填空]
①Apparently between husband and wife have not been improved.
②Deeply to the matters he has to answer all the questions.
③There are several verbs to the five senses of sight,smell,hearing,taste and touch.
[翻译句子]
④剪纸有一千五百多年的历史,与中国的传统文化紧密联系在一起。
考点必记
(1)relate...to/with...把……和……联系起来
relate to涉及;和……有联系;理解
be related to与……相关
(2)related adj.相关的;有亲属关系的
(3)relation n.关系;联系;亲戚
in relation to关于,至于
随堂巩固迁移运用
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.Another (benefit) aspect of group exercise is the informational support participants receive from the instructor.
2.The ring is one of her most treasured (possess).
3.No sooner had Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous (applaud).
4.The bear behaved (normal),probably because of hunger.
5.It is (astonish) how much the state of the body influences the powers of the mind.
6.Our class president went up to Cambridge at the age of 15 to study (chemist).
7.When TVs reached villages,women were more likely to go to the market without their husbands’ (approve) and less likely to want a boy rather than a girl.
8.It is reported that the temperature will decline (sharp) in one or two days.
9.Teachers can only be expected to do what is (reason) and practicable.
10.Read this story, you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.
Ⅱ.短语填空
be addicted to,let out,open up,try out for,relate to
1.Instead,he invented a reading system of raised dots(点),which a whole new world of knowledge to the blind.
2.It began when a teacher suggested I the basketball team.
3.Some students playing computer games and some often cheat in the exams.
4.In fact,traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations closely the public order.
5.Oxygen is through the leaves and roots of the plants.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1.It is vital that the boy received a good education.
2.Write down the telephone number after you forget it.
3.I am going to bed,as I was very tired.
4.Standing on the hill,we saw smoke rise from the chimney in the village.
5.The warning sign was put there with the benefit of the public.
Ⅳ.话题微写作
写作内容提示
1.现在很多学生眼睛近视。(short-sighted)
2.做眼保健操是预防潜在近视的一种有效方式。(effective)
3.做眼保健操能促进血液循环。(accelerate)
4.有的人玩游戏上瘾,容易导致近视。(addicted)
5.当有疲劳的症状时,要及时停下休息。(symptom)
连句成文(参考上述提示,通过合理想象整合成一篇短文)
请完成【高考题型·组合规范练】
Unit3 Theworldonline
(主题语境:人与社会——科学与技术)
核心考点课堂突破
1.turnto向……求助
[教材原句]When people need information,from the news and weather forecasts to travel packages and academic research,the Internet is now the first source they turnto.当人们需要信息时,无论是时事新闻、天气预报还是旅行套餐和学术研究,因特网如今是很多人的首选信息源。(P34)
语境巧练
[用turn的相关短语完成句子]
①I want to do some reading when he must (调大) the radio.
②Don’t always (向……求助) the dictionary when you come across a new word.
③We politely (拒绝) the invitation.
④According to British police,someone found the bag and it (上交).
[完成句子]
⑤上周,我们带领外国留学生体验了中国茶文化,这证明是非常有价值的。
Last week,we took the foreign students to experience Chinese tea culture,which to be extremely rewarding.
考点必记
turn up 出现;把……(音量)调大
turn away不准某人进入
turn back返回,往回走
turn down降低,减弱;拒绝
turn in交还;上交
turn off关闭,关掉
turn on打开,开启
turn out结果是
turn over 翻转,翻过来
2.commandn.命令;控制;掌握 vt.命令;指挥;控制
[教材原句]With the touch of a button or the click of a mouse,a student will find abundant information from the largest libraries and museums in the world at his or her command.一名学生按一下按钮或点击鼠标,学生就可以在他或她的指令下从世界上最大的图书馆和博物馆中找到大量信息。(P34)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①He commanded that the army (attack) at once.
②The general is command of many soldiers.
③She commanded him (go) away,but he neither turned his face to her,nor raised it.
④The queen commanded that the man referred to (invite) to her birthday party.
⑤I am here the president’s command.
[完成句子]
⑥此外,我的中英文良好,使我能与游客流畅地交流。
In addition, will enable me to communicate with visitors fluently.
考点必记
(1)have a good command of...精通……;掌握……
in command of...指挥……(带有主动意味)
in/under the command of由……指挥(带有被动意味)
at one’s command听某人支配
(2)command sb to do sth命令某人做某事
(3)command that...命令……,从句用虚拟语气,即谓语动词为(should)do形式。command后面的宾语从句、表语从句或同位语从句常用虚拟语气,谓语形式是“should+动词原形”,should可省略。与command用法一样的单词还有demand,order,suggest,advise,insist,request,desire,urge等。
3.correspondvi.通信;相一致,符合;相当于
[教材原句]What is more,people who are disabled and must stay in their homes can correspond and communicate with others around the globe who have similar interests.此外,身有残疾而必须待在家里的人能与全球各地趣味相投的人们通信、交流。(P34)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Your description of the event doesn’t correspond hers.
②She is still correspondence with American friends she met nine years ago.
③Investment in the railways will bring a (correspond) improvement in services.
④I’m also a (correspond) for science.
⑤His interest in writing came from a long (correspond) with a close college friend.
考点必记
(1)correspond to/with sth和……相符,与……一致
correspond with sb与……通信
(2)correspondence n.往来书信;通信联系;相关,相似
in correspondence with与……有通信联系
(3)corresponding adj.符合的;相应的;相关的
correspondent n.记者;通讯员;通信者
4.dropout退学,辍学;退出,脱离
[教材原句]One university did a study about the students who had droppedout,and found that 43 per cent of them were heavy Internet users.某大学曾对辍学的学生做过一项调查,发现他们中43%的人是网迷。(P35)
语境巧练
[用drop的相关短语完成句子]
①Don’t (落后) the others on the trail in case you get lost.
②On my way home I (顺便到访) his house.
③Her popularity (下降) recently.
④She started a degree but (退学) after only a year.
[完成句子]
⑤我们经常在寒假期间顺便去拜访亲朋好友,一起聊天,享受美食。
We usually during the winter vacation,chat together and enjoy the delicious food.
考点必记
drop behind(sb)/back落后,后退,落在……后面
drop by/in/round=drop in on sb=drop into sth顺便访问
drop off(数量、兴趣等)下降;小睡;打盹儿
drop sb a line给某人写信
drop in at sp顺便到访某地
[写作佳句]
He is addicted to computer games,and that is why he has to dropout of school.他迷恋电脑游戏,那就是他不得不辍学的原因。
5.withdrawvi.&vt.(withdrew,withdrawn)脱离(社会),不与人交往;撤回;取(款)
[教材原句]This study shows that people who spend too much time on the Internet tend to withdraw from the people and the world round them.这项研究显示,将过多的时间用于上网的人往往与周围的人和世界脱离。(P35)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①He decided to withdraw the election contest.
②I would expect them to begin an immediate (withdraw),which is their commitment.
考点必记
(1)withdraw from...不与人交往;退出
withdraw...from...从……撤离/退出/提取……
(2)withdrawal n.撤退;退回;取消
6.either...or...要么……要么……
[教材原句]I feel it is important for us either to limit our use of the Internet,or to learn how to handle the problems it has caused.我觉得对我们来说,要么限制互联网的使用,要么学会处理它所造成的问题是非常重要的。(P35)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Neither my wife nor I myself (be) able to persuade my daughter to change her mind.
②Not the passengers but the driver (be) to blame.
③Either you or one of your students (be) to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.
④Not only is he learned but also he (have) a good character.
[完成句子]
⑤Documentaries about China (在中国还是在其他国家制作的),are becoming increasingly popular among foreigners.
考点必记
句中either...or...意为“要么……要么……;或者……或者……”,用于连接两个性质相同的单词或短语。
连接两个成分作主语时,谓语动词通常与其靠近的主语保持一致。其他类似的结构还有:
neither...nor...既不……也不……
not...but...不是……而是……
not only...but also...不仅……而且……
7.alarmvt.使担心,使害怕,使警觉 n.警报(器);惊慌;闹钟
[教材原句]This is an unfortunate aspect of the Internet that alarms me.给我敲响警钟的是有关因特网不好的一面。(P37)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be alarm.
[完成句子]
②While he (发出警报),a student from Leeds climbed down the cliff to catch Judy.
③ (定闹钟) an hour early and push yourself to work out!
考点必记
be alarmed by/at sth因……而惊恐
be alarmed to do sth做某事感到恐慌
in alarm惊恐地(常作状语)
give/raise/sound the alarm发出警报
a burglar/fire alarm防盗/防火警报器
set the alarm clock定闹钟
8.abandonvt.放弃;抛弃,舍弃
[教材原句]They would not have achieved their success if they had abandoned their dreams.如果他们放弃了他们的梦想,就不可能取得成功。(P41)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Wang collected more than 7 million (abandon) bricks of different ages.(2018·全国Ⅲ卷)
②Judging from the furniture in the room,the building (abandon) for a number of years.
③He abandons himself wine while his wife is abandoned online shopping.
[完成句子]
④他抽烟成瘾,从而得了肺癌。
,he suffered from lung cancer.
考点必记
(1)abandon oneself to沉湎于……;纵情于……
abandon doing sth放弃做某事
abandon one’s hope/plan/idea放弃希望/计划/主意
with abandon 放纵地;尽情地
(2)abandoned adj.被抛弃的;放荡的
be abandoned to 沉湎于……
9.appointmentn.约会,预约;任命,委任
[教材原句]I think I’d better apologize to him tomorrow for not keeping the appointment.没有信守承诺,我想我明天最好还是跟他道歉。(P41)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①The man making the call is to make an (appoint).
②We must realize that keeping (appoint) is a contract that is silently agreed.
③They ignore the (appoint) time and leave their homes only after the fixed time.
考点必记
(1)have an appointment with sb和某人有约会
keep an/one’s appointment守约
break an/one’s appointment违约;失约
make/fix an appointment with sb与某人约会
(2)appoint vt.约定;任命;委派
appoint sth for为……约定……
(3)appointed adj.约定的
10.the+比较级...the+比较级...
[教材原句]Themore you know about Internet research,thefaster you will find what you are looking for,and the better informed you will be.你对因特网研究知道得越多,你寻找信息的速度就越快,你的消息就会越灵通。(P46)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①The (many) he thought like this,the unhappy he became.
②The (soon)(you do it),the (good)(it will be).
[翻译句子]
③父母为孩子做的越多,他们就越不独立。
考点必记
“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”句型:
(1)意为“越……就越……”,表示主、从句的两个谓语是同时进行的,表示一方随另一方程度的变化而变化。
(2)从结构上看,第一个“the+比较级”是表示条件的状语从句;在表示将来意义的情况下,从句用一般现在时表示将来。第二个“the+比较级”是主句,常用一般将来时。
(3)本结构中常用省略结构。
11.comb(through)something(for)仔细搜寻
[教材原句]Someone has combedthrough pages and links and selected all those that are in the directory.有人已将页面和链接整个搜索了一遍,选出了所有那些列在目录中的内容。(P46)
语境巧练
[用through的相关短语完成句子]
①The police have (仔细搜寻) the city for the murderer.
②Scientists say they’re beginning to (突围) in the fight against cancer.
③Peter starts (浏览) the mail as soon as the door shuts.
④To help us prepare for the exam,the teacher suggested (通读) our notes.
考点必记
break through突围;冲垮;打破
get through接通(电话);完成(工作);通过(考试)
go through通过;经受;仔细检查
look through看透;快速查看;浏览
see through看穿,识破
read through通读
12.relevantadj.紧密相关的,切题的;有价值的,有意义的
[教材原句]Most often,the information in subject directories has been evaluated,and someone has decided that the information is relevant and correct.大多数情况下,主题目录里的信息是经过评估的,有人已经判定这些信息是相关的和正确的。(P46)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①You don’t have to go to the library (找相关资源).
②Many people believe that classical music is (与现在的年轻人没有关系).
③In order to deliver a clear presentation,I slowly explained in detail(泡茶的相关流程).
考点必记
(1)be relevant to sb/sth与某人/某物有关
(2)be irrelevant to...与……无关
(3)relevance n.相关性;关联
have relevance to 与……有关
[写作佳句]
Two days ago,Mom asked me to find relevant information on the Internet.两天前,妈妈要我在网上寻找相关信息。
13.uptodate现代的;最新的;时髦的
[教材原句]Being relevant and correct,though,does not equal being uptodate.不过,相关的和正确的信息并不等同于最新的信息。(P46)
语境巧练
[用date的相关短语完成句子]
① (到现在为止) we have spent eight thousand pounds between us.
②The model is the newest and most (时髦的).
③The idea of pen and paper seems almost (过时的).
④Belt buckles (始于) the bronze age.
考点必记
(1)out of date过时的
to date到现在为止
have/set/make/get a date with sb与某人约会,与某人确定一个时间
(2)date back(to)/from追溯到,始于(该短语无被动语态,作谓语常用一般现在时)
14.bothervi.&vt.花费时间、精力(做某事);打扰,给某人造成麻烦
[教材原句]Usually,people try to put correct information on the Internet,but not every person bothers to read over their own writing and make corrections.通常,人们试图把正确的信息放在因特网上,但并不是每个人都会费心校对他们所写的东西并做修改。(P47)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①The question of what we know and do not know constantly (bother) me.(2020·江苏卷)
②One should not be bothered one’s personal gains or losses.
③He didn’t want (bother) his mother with his financial problems.
[完成句子]
④让许多人苦恼的是,他们不得不给熟人和朋友投票。
they have to vote for their acquaintances and friends.
考点必记
(1)bother with/about sth花费时间/精力做某事
bother sb with/about sth因某事打扰或烦扰某人
have no/much/little bother(in)doing sth做某事不费力/很费力/几乎不费力
it bothers sb that...使某人感到苦恼的是
(2)bother常用于交际用语。
15.acknowledgevt.承认,认可;感谢
[教材原句]When you are finished,you should always acknowledge where you got your data by attaching a list of the websites you got your information from.当你写完(报告)时,你应该都要附上你获取信息的网站列表以表明你所获资料的来源。(P47)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①He finally acknowledged (make)a mistake.
②There was no (acknowledge)of the extent of the problem.
[完成句子]
③人们普遍认为魏源是晚清时期的伟大思想家。
Wei Yuan is a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty.
考点必记
(1)acknowledge sb/sth to be/as...认为某人/物是……;承认某人/物是……
acknowledge doing sth承认做了某事
It is universally acknowledged that...……是大家公认的。
(2)acknowledgement n.承认;感谢;收件复函
in acknowledgement of对……表示感谢
16.祈使句+and+陈述句
[教材原句]Followthesetips,and your time spent doing research on the Internet will be much more worthwhile.遵循这些窍门的话,你在网上搞研究所花的时间就会更加值得。(P47)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
① (hurry) up,otherwise you will be late.
②It is really very dangerous.One more step,and the baby (fall) into the well.
[句式升级]
③If you work harder,you will succeed in your studies.
= ,and you will succeed in your studies.
[完成句子]
④如果您还有什么问题,请随时告诉我,我会尽快给您答复。
to let me know if you have further questions,and I will answer you as soon as possible.
考点必记
“祈使句+and/or/otherwise+陈述句”为常见句型。该结构中的祈使句相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句,and之后的句子相当于主句,所以用一般将来时。在该句型中,祈使句有时也可用名词短语表示。
(1)祈使句+and+陈述句=If...,+主句
(2)祈使句+or/or else/otherwise+陈述句=If...not...,+主句
随堂巩固迁移运用
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.When serious illness visits your household,it’s not just your daily routine and your (assume) about the future that are no longer familiar.
2.Rainforests have a great (affect) on the world environment because they can take in heat from the sun and adjust the climate.
3.There’re several effective ways to engage students in the (evaluate) of their own learning.
4.You help organize sports activities and other outdoor pursuits and you could end up with a (qualify) as an instructor.
5.It was already half past seven and I was running late again for the dinner (appoint)with my wife,Eleanor.
6.Later during my training as a future teacher,I studied with some of the most famous (educate).
7.They should abandon (play)computer games and cheating in the exams.
8.The (classify) of diseases is a bit complicated.
9.Always keep in mind your main task is to get this company running smoothly.
10.Square the page off with your ruler,and then you’ll be able to copy the drawing (accuracy).
Ⅱ.短语填空
be relevant to,drop out of,turn to,tend to,communicate with
1.What you write,however,must the topic under discussion.
2.I replied and my mom for permission.
3.I learned from the teacher that my deskmate would have school if he hadn’t been helped by others.
4.We blame TV,he says,for problems it doesn’t really cause,overlooking (忽视) our own roles in shaping children’s minds.
5.The groups spoke different languages,so they used body language to each other.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1.On the whole,I’m in a favour of the proposal.
2.Comrade Lei Feng set the good example to us.
3.Either you or he have made the mistake.
4.Take a good rest,or soon you will be well again.
5.There is still some weaknesses in the legs,but her general condition is good.
6.The man abandoned himself to drink.
Ⅳ.话题微写作
写作内容提示
1.互联网为人们提供了大量的各种各样的资源。(abundant,diverse)
2.这使得全球的人们交流起来更方便。(globe)
3.人们可以用搜索引擎得到最新的信息。(search engine)
4.但是,网上也有许多虚假信息。(false)
5.因此,一些教育工作者呼吁大家对网络要有正确的态度。(educator)
连句成文(参考上述提示,通过合理想象整合成一篇短文)
请完成【高考题型·组合规范练】
Unit4 Publictransport
(主题语境:人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通)
核心考点课堂突破
1.conveyvt.运送,输送;表达;传达
[教材原句]Horse-drawn buses,trams,cabs and carriages were used to convey people to and around the city centre.马拉汽车、有轨电车、计程车和马车被用来将人们送往市中心及其周边一带。(P50)
语境巧练
[写出下列句子中convey的含义]
①What is the message the writer wants to convey in the passage?
②Graphs can be a very useful tool for conveying information.
③The truck conveyed the furniture.
[完成句子]
④我想表达的意思是:我在记笔记方面有一些困难并且我不知道如何使用图书馆。
I have some difficulties with note-taking and I don’t know how to use the library.
考点必记
convey sth to sb向某人表达/传递某物
convey sb/sth from A to B把某人/某物从A地运送到B地
convey one’s feelings/ideas表达某人的感情/想法
[名师指津]
convey常与介词to搭配,构成convey sth to sb向某人传达……
2.postponevt.延期,延迟
[教材原句]However,new trains had to be developed and the plan required raising a large amount of money,so the digging was postponed until 1860.但是需要研发新式列车,这个计划需要收集大量资金,所以地下隧道的挖掘被推迟到1860年。(P50)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Do you mind if I postpone that appointment next week?
②They postponed (make) a decision and we just had to wait.
[完成句子]
③每当我遇到困难,我从不拖延解决它们。
Whenever I met with difficulties,I never .
考点必记
postpone sth to/until...把事情推迟到……
postpone doing sth耽搁/推迟做某事
postpone from从……开始延期
postpone...to...搁置某事去做另一件事
3.linkup联合,连接
[教材原句]Sixteen years later,in 1884,the Metropolitan Railway Company and the Metropolitan District Railway linkedup and provided underground service in the middle of the city.16年后的1884年,大都会铁路公司和大都会区铁路公司联合,为城市中部提供地铁服务。(P50)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①It is reported that the two companies linked to hold a charity event.
[完成句子]
②我可以了解所有与这周相关的重要事情。
I can learn all important things that .
考点必记
link up with与……连接,联合
link...with将……与……联系或连接起来
4.undertakevt.&vi.承担,从事;承诺,答应 undertook(过去式);undertaken(过去分词)
[教材原句]Having seen the situation,a wealthy American businessman,Charles Yerkes,undertook the job of improving the system in 1902...看到这种情况,一名叫查尔斯·耶基斯的美国富商于1902年着手改进这一制度……(P51)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①I will be glad to undertake (see) what can be done with the papers.
[完成句子]
②其次,你应该承诺做好自己的事情,向你的妈妈证明你已经是一个“成年人”。
Second,you should ,proving to your mom that you are already a “grown-up”.
考点必记
undertake to do sth保证/答应做某事
undertake+that从句保证……
5.growthn.增加,增长;成长,生长
[教材原句]Even after the Olympics,the growth of the Beijing Subway has continued,and there will be 19 lines in total in the coming few years.甚至在奥运会之后,北京地铁都一直在延伸,在接下来的几年里,北京地铁将总共有19条线路。(P53)
语境巧练
[用grow的适当形式填空]
①In Asia,messaging platforms rapidly,with users in the hundreds of millions.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)
②It can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence,such as Decio which by the Romans.
③Instead,it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive and forgiveness.
④After he was put on disability for a bad back,he bought a small farm in the country,just enough food for the family.
[用become,get,go,grow,run,turn,fall,come填空]
⑤In hot weather,meat bad.
⑥Things will right in the end.
⑦Their money was short.
⑧The girl thinner and thinner.
⑨The man blue with fear.
⑩She ill from cold.
His coat has badly torn.
The days are longer and longer.
[完成句子]
Our country is (日益强大).
He used to be a soldier till he (当作家).
Don’t (淋着了) the storm.
Look out!You nearly (给撞了) by the car.
The murderer shall not (逃脱惩罚).
考点必记
grow vt.种植 vi.生长,发育;渐渐变得
常见的“变成”类系动词有become,get,come,go,grow,fall,turn等,都表示从一种状态到另一种状态,都可以接介词短语。尽管意思都差不多,但搭配有差别,若不注意,使用时会出错。
(1)形容词作表语。go和come是一对相反的词。“go+ adj.”修饰令人不快的事情,而“come+ adj.”修饰好的事情。go与come前面的主语一般是物。如果表语为mad,blind,lame或表示颜色的词,go前面的主语可以是人。
(2)grow与run相对,接表示人或物特征的静态形容词,也接表示天气的形容词,侧重于“逐渐变成”。
(3)turn多接表示颜色的形容词,也接表示天气的形容词,它侧重变得与以前完全不同。
(4)fall接asleep,silent等静态形容词和表示疾病的形容词,但不能接形容词比较级。
(5)“get+ adj.”是口语,用得较广泛,get能替代become;become较正式,get与become前面的主语既可以是人又可以是物。get较多地与形容词比较级连用。
(6)become,turn,get,go,fall都能用名词作表语,其他的则不能。注意:go,turn后面的名词通常不带冠词。
(7)come,grow,get能接不定式,这种结构表示变化过程,come表示“最终变得”,get表示“由……变得”,grow表示“渐渐变得”。
6.since引导状语从句
[教材原句]Sincethen,we have started using many different names for different types of roads.自从那以后,我们开始给不同类型的道路使用不一样的名字。(P54)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①However,I soon discover that much (change)since the days of disturbing reports of camps among tons of rubbish.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)
②Since I (be) a kid,I’ve considered different jobs I would like to do.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)
③It is two weeks you came to our school and you are going to return to England soon.
④The book was written in 1946,since the education system has witnessed great changes.
[小情境写作]
⑤自从我们的双胞胎开始学走路以来,我和妻子一直告诉他们,我们家的滑动玻璃门只是一扇窗户。(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
,my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window.
考点必记
since表示“自从”,其用法如下:
(1)since+过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、then等)。
(2)since+一段时间+ago
(3)since+从句
(4)It is+一段时间+since从句
(5)since when既可以引导特殊疑问句,也可以引导定语从句。
[名师指津]
若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是终止性的过去式,则从句表示的时间是“从动作开始的那一时刻起”。若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是持续性动词或表示状态的动词的过去式,则从句表示的时间是“从那持续动作或状态结束时算起”。
7.splitvi.&vt.分割,(使)分开;撕开,割破
[教材原句]We could split up into groups,and come at different times.我们可以分成不同的组,然后在不同的时间过来。(P57)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①The day was split up 6 one-hour sessions.
②She’s split up her boyfriend because of different characters.
③My working life is split three main parts.
考点必记
split (sb) up(把……)分成小组
split up into...分开(成几部分)
split up (with sb)(和某人)断绝关系,分手
split sth between sb/sth分摊;分享
8.putthrough给某人接通(电话);使经历
[教材原句]OK,I will put you through to the receptionist and she can take down your details.好的,我帮你接通接待员的电话,她会记下你的详细情况。(P57)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①Please (替我接通经理的电话).
②You have (让你的家人受苦了) recently.
③The suggestion (你在会上提出的) is well worth considering.
④It kept raining.As a result,the sports meeting had to (推迟到下周).
考点必记
put away将某物收拾起来;存钱,储存
put down安置;镇压;放下
put forward提出;建议;推荐
put off延期,拖延
put out扑灭,熄灭;扔掉;出版;生产
put up挂起;张贴;举起;抬起;搭起;建立
put up with忍受,容忍
put one’s heart into...全神贯注于……
put...to use使用……,运用……
put an end to...结束……
put...together把……放在一起
put on上演;穿上;增加
9.reservationn.预订,预约;保留意见
[教材原句]...but you need to make reservations in advance.……但是你需要提前预订。(P59)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①To my surprise,they accepted the proposal reservation.
[完成句子]
②你能到机场接我叔叔并把他带到预订好的宾馆吗?
Would you please meet my uncle at the airport and take him to ?
考点必记
(1)make a reservation预订
without reservation毫无保留地
(2)reserve v.保留;贮备 n.储备(量);储藏(量)
reserve sth for sb为某人准备某物
in reserve备用
10.speedup(使)加速
[教材原句]...this has speededup travel between the two cities.……这加速了这两个城市之间的旅游。(P59)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Yesterday Tom was driving home a speed of 150 kph when he was stopped by a policeman.He was fined because of (speed).Therefore,on the rest of the way,he had to slow .
[完成句子]
②Mac跳下自行车,以最快的速度向汽车后门冲去。
Mac jumped off his bicycle and dashed for the back door of the car .
考点必记
at high/low/full speed以高/低/全速
at a speed of...以……速度
with all speed尽快地
reduce speed减速
pick up speed加速
11.departuren.[C,U]离开,出发n.[C]背离,违反
[教材原句]Check timetables for departure and arrival time.(列车的)到发时间,请参考时刻表。(P59)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①They have received no news of him since his (depart) from the island.
②And as you know,on Sunday night,she will depart Moscow.
③Her approach will depart normal educational practices.
考点必记
depart v.离开;启程
depart for 动身前往
depart from 背离,违反
12.arisevi.出现;产生;起身
[教材原句]The number of road accidents and the deaths arising from those accidents has increased over the past year.过去的一年,道路交通事故的数量以及其导致的死亡人数不断攀升。(P62)
语境巧练
[写出句中arise的含义]
①Seeing his mother return home,the boy arose from his chair immediately.
②Some unexpected difficulties have arisen.
③Emotional or mental problems can arise from a physical cause.
[用arise,rise或raise的适当形式填空]
④One of the problems from the present economic situation is that the price sharply;however,some illegal businessmen it on purpose.
[完成句子]
⑤你面临的问题不断出现,在我们青少年中很普遍。
The problem you are facing and it is common among us teenagers.
考点必记
arise 起床;起立;起身
arise out of/from sth (由……)引起;(由……)产生
[易混辨析]
arise,rise与raise
原形
词性及词义
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
arise
vi.出现,发生,起因于
arose
arisen
arising
rise
vi.升起,起身,增长;上升
rose
risen
rising
raise
vt.举起,唤起,提高,饲养,筹款
raised
raised
raising
13.完全倒装
[教材原句]Beloware some of the major causes of road accidents in connection with vehicles such as cars,minibuses and lorries,and what drivers should do to prevent them.以下是机动车如小汽车、小型巴士和货车引起道路交通事故的一些主要原因,以及司机为防止事故应采取的措施。(P62)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①Into the complete silence of the waiting class (传来了老师甜甜的嗓音),“Good morning,children.”
②Present at the evening party (有我们喜欢的英语老师).
③ (埋在泥土里的是一个坛子) with lots of ancient coins in it.
④ (戴维走进了黑暗的公寓) who was quite surprised when everyone shouted Happy Birthday.
⑤ (他的朋友在这些人当中)Jim.
⑥ (窗户边坐着一个年轻人) with a magazine in his hand.
⑦ (要仔细考虑的是) the following questions.
⑧ (正站在街道两旁) are many old people and children.
考点必记
完全倒装的基本形式是“谓语+主语”,主要涉及以下几种类型:
(1)here/there类
当表示地点的here和there位于句首时,其后用完全倒装形式。这类倒装句的谓语通常是系动词be和come,go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词。这类倒装句的主语只能是名词,若主语为代词,则不能倒装。
(2)away类
副词away,down,in,off,out,over,round,up等位于句首时,其后也用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常为表示动态的不及物动词。此类倒装句的主语只能是名词,若主语为代词,则不能倒装。
(3)状语或表语类
为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密,有时可将状语或表语置于句首,句中主语和谓语完全倒装。
(4)非谓语动词类
有时为了强调,可将谓语部分的动词-ing形式、过去分词或不定式置于句首,从而构成倒装。
14.itisuptosbtodosth由某人决定做某事
[教材原句]Itisuptoallofusroaduserstomakesure that we avoid accidents by paying attention to road safety.靠注意道路安全来确保避免事故,这就取决于我们大家,即道路使用者。(P63)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①The children are quiet;I wonder (他们在捣什么鬼)!
②I don’t think that Michael is (真能胜任那份工作).
③The hall can hold (达3 000人).
④The No.5 bus runs (到九点) in the evening.
⑤ (由我) to search the Internet for the train schedule,the weather in Beidaihe,and some hotel information.
考点必记
it is up to sb to do sth意为“由某人决定做某事”
(1)(be)up to常用来表示“做,从事”,相当于be doing或be busy with
(2)(be)up to也常用来表示“取决于,由……做决定”
(3)up to还可表示程度或数量,表示“多达,达到”
(4)up to后接时间,表示“直到……时候”
(5)up to也可表示“能胜任”
(6)up to now到目前为止
随堂巩固迁移运用
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.I just want you to answer the question in a concrete and (unbelievable) phrase.
2.A major (enquire) is underway after the death of a union official.
3.In my view,new (architect) styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style.
4.We’ve seen an enormous (grow) in the number of businesses using the Web.
5.Often this earliest form of advertising involved a newly arrived ship (load) with goods.
6.They played (aggressive) and even scored a goal.
7. (drink) driving,which was once a frequent occurrence,is now under control.
8.Time is precious for us students,so in my opinion,making suitable timetable is necessary and important for us to make good use of our time.
9.When you want to get somewhere as fast as possible,they will speed and you will have a sense of flying.
10.Thank you for your warning.I’ll hand in the paper (punctual) tomorrow.
Ⅱ.短语填空
turn up,decide on,put off,in advance,apply to
1. a new course and make one decision at a time.
2.The old rules have to be revised because they only the circumstances that existed when they were made a hundred years ago.
3.This meeting room is a non-smoking area.I would like to warn you that if you smoked here you would be fined.
4.Don’t worry.I’m sure your missing glasses sooner or later.
5.It’s still a silly idea to doing something until a future time.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1.With time went on,Mary grows more and more impatient.
2.We come a week ago,since when the weather has been bad.
3.Unfortunate,he lost his legs and left arm in a tragic accident,leaving only a finger and thumb on his right hand.
4.He brought out a hand of sample wheat.
5.Not only does he turn up late,but he also forgot his books.
6.Several new companies arises in our city last year.
Ⅳ.话题微写作
写作内容提示
1.随着社会的发展,人们的出行方式也变得多样化,如打的,乘坐有轨电车、地铁或飞机等。(travelling)
2.私家车的大量增加加剧了交通堵塞。(traffic jam)
3.司机不能喝酒开车。(drunk)
4.要礼让骑车的人和行人。(cyclist)
5.对待违反交通规则的司机,不能只是罚款了事。(fine,violate)
连句成文(参考上述提示,通过合理想象整合成一篇短文)
请完成【高考题型·组合规范练】
Unit1 Thewrittenword
(主题语境:人与社会——文学、艺术与体育)
核心考点课堂突破
1.make+宾语+宾语补足语结构
[教材原句]This makesthemdifficultforsomepeopletoread,so they are often left to gather dust on shelves.这使得对某些人来说很难读懂它们,所以只能束之高阁。(P2)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Mastering the technology makes possible for us to use the Internet more effectively.
②We must also make it safe (express)opinions.
[完成句子]
③毫无疑问,你应该提前了解唐代的历史,这将使课堂顺利进行。
There is no doubt that you are supposed to know about the history of Tang Dynasty in advance, .
考点必记
make+宾语+宾语补足语结构
(1)make +it +形容词/名词+不定式/从句
(2)make +宾语+宾语补足语(名词或形容词/不带to的不定式/过去分词/介词短语)
(3)find,feel,think,take等动词都有这样的用法
(4)make sb do sth结构变为被动语态时,省略的动词不定式符号to要补上
2.desperateadj.铤而走险的,拼命的,绝望的;非常需要,渴望
[教材原句]Pip,who is seven years old when the story begins,is in a foggy cemetery when a desperate criminal appears and frightens him.故事开始时七岁的皮普正在浓雾弥漫的墓地中,这时一个亡命之徒冒了出来,把他吓坏了。(P3)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Judging from what he said and did,we can conclude that he is desperate fame.
②A birdwatcher,armed with a telescope,found the pet sitting (desperate) on a rock.
[完成句子]
③我渴望提高英语口语,你能给我一些建议吗?
improve my spoken English.Can you give me some advice?
考点必记
(1)be desperate for sth渴望某物
be desperate to do sth渴望做某事
in desperate need of非常需要
(2)desperately adv.绝望地;渴望地
[写作佳句]
Stores are getting desperate after two years of poor sales.两年来销路不畅,商店绝望了。
3.vainadj.虚荣的,自负的;徒劳的,无结果的
[教材原句]Money and education,however,change him,and before long he becomes vain and ashamed of his background.但是金钱和教育改变了他,不久他变得虚荣并且为自己的身世感到羞耻。(P3)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①We (白费工夫) to make him change his mind.
[小情境写作]
②一个西方年轻人正在努力用两根叉子叉起面条,就像我们中国人用筷子一样,但结果却只是徒劳。
A Western young man is trying so hard to the noodles with two forks the same way as we Chinese hold chopsticks,but .
考点必记
(1)make a vain attempt/effort 徒劳的尝试/努力
in vain徒劳地;无意义地
try in vain to do sth枉费心机地试图做某事
(2)vainly adv.徒劳地
[写作佳句]
He vainly hopes to travel round the world on foot.他梦想步行周游世界。
4.benton(doing)something决心做某事(通常指坏事)
[教材原句]Pip is bentonbecoming a gentleman and winning Estella’s love.皮普一心想要成为一名绅士并赢得埃斯特拉的芳心。(P3)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①She seems bent on (make) life difficult for me.
②She bent (she) mind to the new work.
③I’m (determine) to go to Beijing for further study.
[完成句子]
④当你专心做你喜欢做的事情时,你的情绪会好转。
When you ,your mood will improve.
考点必记
(1)bend one’s mind to sth专心于某事
bend (sb) to sth迫使/说服(某人)做某事
(2)决定/决心做某事的表达有:
decide to do sth make a decision to do sth
make one’s mind to do sth determine to do sth
be determined to do sth
5.ontherun躲避;忙碌,不停地奔波
[教材原句]The film begins the same way as the novel does — with Finn (Pip) meeting a violent criminal ontherun from the police...电影和小说的开头一样,都是费恩(皮普)遇到了从警察局跑出来的一个暴力罪犯……(P5)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①If you (同时追两只野兔),you will catch neither.
②Lost in thought,he almost (撞上他前面的汽车).
③A true friend will advise us to do what he thinks is best for us (从长远看).
考点必记
run after追求,追赶 run away from从……逃跑
run for竞选 run into撞上; 遇见,碰到
run out (某物)用完 run out of用完(某物)
in the long run从长远看
6.liveupto达到,符合(期望)
[教材原句]However,if you liked the book,you should probably not be too eager to see the film,as it is not likely to liveupto your great expectations.然而,如果你喜欢这本书,就不要急于看电影,因为它可能不会符合你的期望。(P5)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Looking back,I don’t know how I lived those years.
②For a whole week we had to live fish and chips.
③The islanders live fishing,so they value the waters around the island.
[完成句子]
④我相信我能完全达到你的期望。
I am sure that I can perfectly .
考点必记
live up to one’s promise履行某人的诺言
live up to one’s name名副其实
live up to one’s expectations符合某人的期望
live on以……为主食;靠……为生;继续存在
live with与……住在一起
live through经历(艰难或险境)
live a...life过着……的生活
live by doing...靠做……为生
7.get+done结构
[教材原句]Oliver getsarrested by the police and is taken to court.奥利弗被警察抓住并被带到法庭上。(P9)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Visit the palace and its various historic gardens,which include the famous maze(迷宫) where it is easy to get (lose)!
②Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get (involve).
[完成句子]
③The chair (弄坏了) yesterday.
④The chair (是坏的) yesterday.
⑤My brother (被击中了) by a ball when he was playing basketball with his classmates.
考点必记
get arrested为“get+done”结构
(1)get被用来代替be,和过去分词连用,构成被动结构,表示某一事件或事故的发生,着重强调动作。
常见于以下两种情况:
①谈论某人或某物的客观遭遇,往往表示一种突然的、未曾料到的偶发事件或事故。
②谈论设法或终于做到令人称心的事。
(2)“get+过去分词”与“be+过去分词”在构成系表结构时的区别:前者表示开始进入某种状态,而后者仅表示一种实际存在的状态。
8.resistvi.&vt.反抗,抵制,抵挡
[教材原句]Fagin and his group of criminals find him and drag him back into the life of crime,pressuring him with the threat of violence if he resists.费根和他的犯罪团伙找到他,逼迫他重新回到犯罪生活中去,如果他反抗就用暴力威胁来给他施加压力。(P9)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①We are determined to stay and (抵抗敌人).
②Quite a few people (抵制不住) the temptation of money.
[句式升级]
③She couldn’t help laughing the moment she saw that funny young man.
=She couldn’t the moment she saw that funny young man.
考点必记
(1)resist sth/doing sth抵制某事/做某事
can’t resist doing sth忍不住做某事
(2)resistance n.抵抗,反抗;抵抗力;耐性
(3)resistant adj.抵抗的;有抵抗力的
be resistant to sth抵抗……的
9.rescuen.&vt.救援,营救
[教材原句]My favourite character in ‘The Attic’ is Stuart,who comes to her rescue and adds some comedy to this otherwise dark tale.在《阁楼》这部小说中,我最喜欢的人物是斯图尔特,他救助了她,给这个原本黑暗的故事增添了喜剧色彩。(P12)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
① (rescue)the drowning boy to the bank,he left without being noticed.
②He promised to come our rescue.
③“I had to jump into the water to get her,” the (rescue)said.
[完成句子]
④据我所知,你的基金会可以帮助拯救那些濒临灭绝的物种。
As far as I know,your foundation can help .
考点必记
(1)rescue sb from...从……营救某人
rescue sth from...使某物免于……
(2)come/go to sb’s rescue 前来/去救某人
rescue workers救援人员
(3)rescuer n.救援者
10.reputationn.名誉,名声
[教材原句]Burns had a reputation for being funny and pleasant to be around.彭斯以风趣和很有人缘而闻名。(P14)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①They have reputation for providing a great riding experience.
②Their reputation dependability influences managers’ evaluations of their work.
③She soon acquired a reputation a first-class cook.
[完成句子]
④“长江之行”和“泰山之旅”都享有盛誉。
Of the two trips to the Yangtze River and Mount Tai, .
考点必记
have a reputation for有……名声
have a good/bad reputation for因……而有好/坏名声
acquire/earn/gain/establish/build a reputation as sth作为……赢得/获得/确立/树立声誉
lose/ruin one’s reputation名誉扫地
be of great/good/high reputation很有声望的;享有盛名的
11.beintendedtobe/dosomething目的是作为某物,目的是做某事
[教材原句]The poem was published in 1794 and,like many of Burns’s poems,it wasintendedtobe a song.这首诗发表于1794年,与许多彭斯的诗歌一样,这首诗原是为歌咏而作。(P14)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①The journey was intended (achieve)more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done.
②He intends his son (manage)the company.
③Green Maps is not specifically intended travellers.
④Bob,who had no (intend) of working,leaned lazily on the wall.
[句式升级]
⑤They intended the plan to be put into practice within this year.(that引导的宾语从句)
=They within this year.
[完成句子]
⑥我想要强调的是我们团队正在招收新成员,我想邀请你加入。
is that our group is looking for new members and I would like to invite you to join.
考点必记
(1)intend to do/doing sth打算做某事
had intended to do sth/intended to have done sth本来打算做某事
intend (sb) to do sth打算(让某人)做某事
intend sth for sb为某人准备某物
intend that...(should) do 主张做……
(2)intended adj.故意的,有意的;打算中的
be intended for 为……准备/设计的
(3)intention n.意图,目的,企图
have no intention to do sth/of doing sth无意做某事
with the intention of doing/to do...抱有做……的目的/打算
[名师指津]
had intended to do sth表示“本打算做某事”,类似用法的动词还有:hope(希望),want(想要),wish(希望),consider(考虑)等。它们用过去完成时表示“本打算做而实际没有做的事”。
12.nodifferent没什么不同;不例外
[教材原句]Poetry is usually full of symbols,and “A Red,Red Rose” is nodifferent.诗歌中通常满是象征,《一朵红红的玫瑰》也不例外。(P15)
语境巧练
[翻译或完成句子]
① (没有什么是不必要的).
② (没有什么可以不劳而获) but poverty.
③The embarrassing reply (没有使他难过).
④He has (名气很大) as a scientist.
⑤ (并不罕见) for students to have a friendly relationship with their teachers.
⑥In spite of the increased debts, (很少有欠债不还).
考点必记
本句中“no”表示否定,而different具有否定意义“不同的”。英语中常可见到两个表示否定意义的词连用的情况,这一现象我们常称之为双重否定。这种句子形式上虽为否定,实则表示强烈的肯定语气。
(1)否定词 no/not等+表示否定意义的形容词:
(2)否定词 no/not/never等+without...:
(3)否定词 no/not/never/nobody/few等+具有否定意义的动词或短语。
[写作佳句]
①No way is impossible to courage.勇士面前无险路。
②No smoke without fire.无风不起浪。
③There is nodenying the truth.真理是不能否认的。
随堂巩固迁移运用
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.After Jasmina’s death,Maja swore she would honor the little girl by swimming with a dolphin,an animal that both girls (adore).
2. (compare) to the traditional ones,they have three new unique functions.
3.The Atlantic has,in a sense,replaced the Mediterranean as the inland sea of Western (civil).
4.We must strengthen our (unite) in the face of powerful enemies.
5.We must refrain from (spit) in public places.
6.Kindness and (violent) can reproduce themselves.
7.The key to success as a romantic (novel) is absolute belief in your story.
8.Your insight,kindness,courage,and (generous) make this site what it is.
9.The man in the river (desperate) tried to reach the bank.
10.This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist (eat) cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress.
Ⅱ.短语填空
in vain,on the run,live up to,worn out,be bent on
1.These general principles are widely known,but it isn’t easy to them.
2.No matter what you may say,I doing what I think is right.
3.Albert Einstein didn’t feel after a day’s work.
4.His efforts to raise money for his program were because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets.
5.With a lot of debts to pay off,Helen is keeping every day.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1.He got a purchase on a branch until we came his rescue.
2.The policeman caught the thief by arm.
3.He could not wash himself or get dress.
4.Lucky,the bullet narrowly missed the captain by an inch.
5.They felt like they are giving away company secrets.
Ⅳ.话题微写作
写作内容提示
1.《水浒传》是由小说家施耐庵写的。(novelist)
2.《水浒传》是章回体小说,是中国四大古典名著之一。(chapter)
3.主题带有暴力倾向,故事情节引人入胜。(violent,plot)
4.讲的是一群渴望生存下去的所谓的朝廷“罪犯”,奔波忙碌,救他人于水火,与罪恶斗争,抵抗政府的故事。(criminal,come to sb’s rescue)
5.因此,它赢得了中国古典名著的最高荣誉。(supreme,reputation)
连句成文(参考上述提示,通过合理想象整合成一篇短文)
请完成【高考题型·组合规范练】
Unit2 Theuniversallanguage
(主题语境:人与社会——文学、艺术与体育)
核心考点课堂突破
1.condemnvt.判刑,宣判;指责,谴责
[教材原句]Those who cannot answer all three riddles,however,will be condemned to death.但是猜不出所有这三道谜语的人将被处以死刑。(P18)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①They were condemned a life of hardship because of failure in business.
②She knew that society would condemn her abandoning her child.
③A murderer who was found guilty would be condemned to (die).
[完成句子]
④既然你擅长乒乓球,你注定是最合适的人选。
Since you are good at table tennis,you .
考点必记
be condemned to sth被处以某种刑罚;使某人被迫接受某种环境
be condemned to do sth被迫做某事
condemn sth/sb as...指责……为……
condemn sb for(doing)sth因(做)某事而谴责某人
condemn sb to death判处某人死刑
2.fallinlove相爱,坠入爱河
[教材原句]Shortly afterwards,another prince,Calaf,fallsinlove with Turandot at first sight and decides to solve the riddles so that he can marry her.之后不久,另一位王子卡拉夫对图兰朵一见钟情,决定要解开谜底,以便能迎娶图兰朵。(P18)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①He (疯狂地爱上了那个女孩),because she was not only beautiful but also intelligent.
②Once you arrive at the town,you will (爱上它) immediately.
③Don’t forget (代我向杰克问好).
[小话题写作]
④我是你们报纸的忠实读者。我主要是因为以下两个原因喜欢上了它。
I’m a regular reader of your newspaper.I mainly for the following two reasons.
考点必记
be in love(with sb)热恋着(某人)(延续性的)
be out of love with不喜欢,不热爱
develop a love for sth培养对……的爱好
show love for sb/sth表达对……的爱
give one’s love to sb向某人问好
would love(sb)to do sth想(让某人)做某事
[用法点拨]
fall in love强调“坠入爱河”的动作,在肯定句中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。表示“相爱多久”要用be in love(with sb)for some time。
3.atfirstsight乍看起来;一看见
[教材原句]Shortly afterwards,another prince,Calaf,falls in love with Turandot atfirstsight and decides to solve the riddles so that he can marry her.之后不久,另一位王子卡拉夫对图兰朵一见钟情,决定要解开谜底,以便能迎娶图兰朵。(P18)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①He (lose) his sight but found a vision.(2020·江苏卷)
②The wind parted the smoke just enough for him (catch)sight of Sibson.
③Tom met Mary at a party,and they fell in love first sight.
考点必记
catch sight of 看见;瞥见
lose sight of 看不见……
at(the)sight of 一看到……(就) ……
in/within sight 可以看见;在视线内
out of sight 看不见;在视线外
4.宾语从句中不能省略that的情形
[教材原句]Seeing this,Calaf says that if she can guess his name by sunrise,she will not have to marry him,but can have him killed.看到这一点,卡拉夫说,如果到天亮时她能猜得出他的名字,她就可以不必同他结婚,并且可以杀了他。(P19)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Our mother taught us to succeed we must have unity, to have unity we must have peace.Without the strength of the family,there is no business.
②He understands unless he pays back the debt,he will have to appear in court.
考点必记
that引导的宾语从句,一般可以省略that,但在以下几种情况中that不可以省略:
(1)在由and和but连接的两个并列的宾语从句中,第一个从句中的that可以省略,第二个从句中的that不能省略。
(2)当that宾语从句中的状语位于从句的前部时,that不可以省略。
(3)当that前面有插入语时,that不可以省略。
(4)当it作为形式宾语放在动词之后,而that引导的真正宾语从句放在句尾时,that不可以省略。
(5)在省略答语中,当that宾语从句单独出现时,that不可以省略。
5.seizevt.逮捕,捉拿;抓住;捉住;夺取,攻占
[教材原句]Calaf’s father and Liu have been seen accompanying Calaf,so Turandot seizes Calaf’s father and Liu,and demands that they tell her Calaf’s name or they will be beaten.有人曾看见卡拉夫的父亲和柳儿陪着卡拉夫,因此图兰朵把卡拉夫的父亲和柳儿抓了起来,强令他们告诉她卡拉夫的名字,否则他们就要遭到毒打。(P19)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①She seized hold my hand.
[小情境写作]
②老人获救了,我们很高兴。并且,我记得车牌号,之后交警抓住了司机。
The old man was saved and we felt very pleased.What’s more,I remembered the number of the car,and the traffic police .
考点必记
seize a chance/an opportunity抓住机会
seize sb by the collar抓住某人的衣领
seize hold of抓住
seize power夺权
seize on/upon利用;抓住(可利用的事物)
6.demandvt.强烈要求;需要 n.要求;需求
[教材原句]Calaf’s father and Liu have been seen accompanying Calaf,so Turandot seizes Calaf’s father and Liu,and demands that they tell her Calaf’s name or they will be beaten.有人曾看见卡拉夫的父亲和柳儿陪着卡拉夫,因此图兰朵把卡拉夫的父亲和柳儿抓了起来,强令他们告诉她卡拉夫的名字,否则他们就要遭到毒打。(P19)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Like running,race walking is physically (demand).(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
②So instead of eating a piece of yesterday’s bread from the supermarket,you’d eat something baked just for you demand.(2018·天津卷)
③In America the demand oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.
④First,science graduates are greater demand than art ones in China.
[完成句子]
⑤摄影俱乐部要求照片要与环境保护有关。
The photography club the photos be related to environmental protection.
考点必记
(1)demand(of sb)to do...要求(某人)做……
demand doing/to be done 需要做……
demand that...(should)do...要求……
(2)in great demand迫切需要
meet/satisfy one’s demands满足某人的需求
a demand for sth所需之物 on demand按需
(3)demanding adj.要求高的
提示:①demand的主语是物时,常用demand doing或demand to be done结构。类似用法的词还有require,want,need,deserve。
②“要求某人做……”不可用demand sb to do...,但可用demand of sb to do...。
③demand后通常不接双宾语。
7.mercifuladj.仁慈的,慈悲的,宽大为怀的
[教材原句]When it becomes evident what happened,Calaf scolds Turandot for not being more merciful.当所发生的一切已显而易见时,卡拉夫斥责图兰朵没有慈悲之心。(P19)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①If you export nothing but raw materials,you’re (任由摆布) world prices.
②This judge (对……概不留情) anyone found guilty of murder.
③The general (毫无怜悯之心) to his prisoners and killed all of them.
考点必记
(1)be merciful to/towards sb对某人怜悯/同情
(2)mercy n.仁慈;宽恕
show mercy to sb对某人表示怜悯
have mercy on对……表示怜悯
at the mercy of任由……摆布,对……无能为力
8.before引导时间状语从句
[教材原句]Unfortunately,Puccini died of a heart attack before he completed this final scene,and it had to be completed by one of his former students,Franco Alfano.不幸的是,普契尼还没完成最后一幕就因心脏病发作去世了,这一幕不得不由他以前的一名学生法兰高·阿法奴来完成。(P19)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
① I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch.(2018·全国Ⅲ卷)
[写出下列句子中before的汉语意思]
②Before we had walked five miles,Anne complained of sore feet.
③Put that away before it gets broken.
④Before he came here,he was in England.
⑤It will be some time before we know the full results.
[小话题写作]
⑥坦率地说,在另一种文化中攻读学位从来都不是件容易的事。来之前你最好学一些基本的中文。
,studying for a degree in a different culture is never easy.You’d better learn some basic Chinese .
考点必记
连词before常用来表示从句动作发生之前的时间,译法灵活:
强调从句动作发生在主句之前,除译为“在……之前”外,还可译为“还未……就……”; “趁着还没……就……”;“还没来得及……就”等。
Please write it down before you forget it.趁你现在没忘把它记下来。
It will/ won’t be +时间段+before sb...多久之后将/用不了多久就会……
(before从句用一般现在时)
It will be half a year before I come back.
半年后我将回来。
It won’t be long before we meet again.
不久后我们将再见面。
It was+时间段+before sb...过多久之后才……(before从句用一般过去时)
It was some time before we realized the truth.
一段时间后我们才知道真相。
9.declinen.衰落;衰败;减少;下降 vt.&vi.衰落;下降;婉言谢绝
[教材原句]From the early 1930s to the early 1950s,traditional jazz went into a gradual decline,and was replaced by a new musical trend known as rhythm and blues,or R & B.从20世纪30年代初期到20世纪50年代初期,传统的爵士乐渐渐走向没落,被一种叫作节奏蓝调(节奏布鲁斯摇摆乐)或R & B的新音乐趋势所取代。(P30)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①There has been a steady decline public services over recent years.
②Thankfully,this is a disease that is now the decline.
[完成句子]
③在过去的十个月里,我们一直忙于准备这次考试,没有去参加任何聚会。
Over the past ten months,we have been busy in preparing for this examination and .
考点必记
fall into (a) decline开始衰退
in decline/on the decline走下坡路;衰退中;在减少
decline an offer/invitation谢绝帮助/邀请
decline to do sth拒绝做某事
a decline in在……方面下降
10.breakup破裂,解散;破碎;结束;放假
[教材原句]However,even though the Beatles brokeup in 1970,no group since has ever come close to being as popular or selling as many records.然而,尽管披头士在1970年就解散了,可从那以后没有一个乐队能够望其项背,如此受欢迎,并销售出如此多的唱片。(P31)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Her friends came to help her when the war broke .
②After a fire broke in the lab,a lot of equipment was damaged.
③More healthy food,or you’ll break sooner or later.
④He broke the discussion with a shout of warning.
[完成句子]
⑤学校快要放暑假了,我写信告诉你我的假期计划。
I am writing to tell you my holiday plans for the school is going to for summer holiday.
考点必记
break out强调战争、疾病、火灾等的突然发生,一般不用于被动语态。
break away from脱离(党派);摆脱(控制)
break down毁掉;坏掉;(计划/谈判)失败;垮掉
break off (使)停止;中断;折断
break in 打断,干扰
break into强行闯入,突然开始(笑、唱等)
break through取得突破
随堂巩固迁移运用
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.No sooner the words been spoken than he realized that he should have remained silent.
2.The HarryPotter books are quite popular;they are great demand in this city.
3.Thanks to the good care of the nurses,the boy is (gradual) recovering from his lung operation.
4.High (employ) has prompted many people to leave the islands.
5.When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile,she stood (root)to the ground,wondering whether to stay or leave.
6.We seek (help) every student discover the joy and fulfillment in the obtainment of knowledge.
7.There is a growing (tend) for people to return to the hometown to start their business.
8.They were condemned a life of hardship because of laziness or disinterest in work and savings.
9.Human beings should reflect on their position in the (universal).
10.It was abandoned,full of (break) glass and rubbish.
Ⅱ.短语填空
take on,serve as,at first sight,break up,fall in love with
1.Meanwhile,Ann went to the dollar store and bought some pet supplies,warning her two sons not to the dog.
2.I’m surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have .
3.The first and foremost thing is to let people love the city ,attracting them by its unique image.
4.He volunteered to the manager of our department store.
5.In the past ten years,great changes have taken place in my lovely hometown,making it a new look.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1.They fall in love the first time they saw each other.
2.By society’s standards,they seem to have it make.
3.There has been a gradually increase in the number of families owning refrigerators.
4.These developments have created a great demands for home computers.
5.We laughed at sight of his strange clothes.
Ⅳ.话题微写作
写作内容提示
1.京剧是我们祖国的国粹。(motherland)
2.京剧表演是令人叹为观止的。(awesome)
3.它是在清朝快速兴起的。(spring up)
4.没有听过京剧的人可能会对它有所偏见。(prejudice)
5.如果你找到机会欣赏这种高雅的艺术,你就会爱上它的。(seek,fall in love with)
连句成文(参考上述提示,通过合理想象整合成一篇短文)
请完成【高考题型·组合规范练】
Unit3 Theworldofcoloursandlight
(主题语境:人与社会——文学、艺术与体育)
核心考点课堂突破
1.calculatevt.&vi.计算;推测
[教材原句]By popular consensus,this is the most valuable painting in the world—it is impossible to calculate what price it would fetch if it ever came on the market.举世公认,这幅画是世界上最珍贵的油画作品——如果拿这幅画到市场上去出售,不可能估算出它可以卖到什么价格。(P34)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Fathers’ devotion to children can hardly (calculate).
②According to most (calculate),race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
[完成句子]
③据统计,最近有3.5亿人吸烟。
there are 350 million people smoking recently.
考点必记
(1)calculate that/wh-clause计算……;预测……
It is calculated that...据估算……
calculate on sth指望;预料
(2)calculation n.计算
calculator n.计算器,计算者
2.seek(sought,sought)vt.&vi.试图,设法;寻找,寻求
[教材原句]With Impressionism,the painter abandons the idea of representing things exactly as they look in a photograph,but seeks to show movement and the feelings of the moment,through the use of colours,light and shadows.印象派画家摒弃了要像拍照一样精确地描绘物体这一观念,而是试图通过色彩、光线和阴影的运用来表现物体的运动和绘画时瞬间的感受。(P35)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①They are urgently seeking the post where they are well paid.
②The couple have sought help their marriage guidance counsellors.
③Corbett resolved to seek the truth.
[完成句子]
④当然解决的办法就是种树,让这些动物能找到栖身之处。(2020·山东卷)
The solution,of course,was to plant trees so the animals could .
考点必记
seek after/for追求
seek out找出;挑出
seek to do sth设法/试图做某事
seek one’s fortune外出寻找发财机会;寻出路
seek one’s advice/help/assistance from sb征求某人的建议/寻求帮助
seek(for)a solution to the problem 寻求解决问题的途径
3.commitvt.&vi.全心全意投入;犯罪,犯错;承诺,保证
[教材原句]Unfortunately,although van Gogh committed his whole being to painting,he received little reward for his effort.遗憾的是,尽管凡·高全身心地投入绘画,他所得到的回报却微乎其微。(P35)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①On balance,I think I would rather not commit myself to (go)with you.
②We made a (commit)to keep working together.
③If you are serious about our relationship,you should make commitment.
[完成句子]
④我专心致志学习英语,有良好的英语知识,因此被选为英语老师的助理。
I and have a good command of English,so I am elected as assistant of my English teacher.
考点必记
(1)commit murder/suicide谋杀/自杀
commit an error做错事
commit crime犯罪
be committed to prison被关进监狱
commit oneself to(doing)sth保证做某事,致力于做某事
be committed to doing sth致力于做某事
(2)commitment n.承诺;奉献
make a commitment to sb向某人承诺
4.rewardn.报酬,回报,奖励 vt.奖励,给以报酬
[教材原句]Unfortunately,although van Gogh committed his whole being to painting,he received little reward for his effort.遗憾的是,尽管凡·高全身心地投入绘画,他所得到的回报却微乎其微。(P35)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①It is unfair that he gets very little reward for his hard work.
②The police are offering a big reward information about the robbery.
③They rewarded the winners fruits and flowers.
考点必记
(1)give/offer a reward to sb for sth因某事给某人报酬(或赏金)
in reward (for)作为(对……的)报答
(2)reward sb for (doing) sth因(做)某事报答某人
reward sb with sth用某物报答某人
(3)rewarding adj.有益的;值得的;有报酬的
5.beoffto动身去……
[教材原句]Tomorrow we areoffto another museum in Amsterdam.明天我们将去阿姆斯特丹的另一座博物馆。(P35)
语境巧练
[用off的相关短语完成句子]
①He must (动身去) school soon.
②They lit a fire to (远离) wild animals.
③You said he (下班).So he might be at home.
④They’ve (开始) on a journey round the world.
⑤We were so (贫困) when we married that we couldn’t afford to buy new clothes for years.
考点必记
take off起飞;匆匆离去;脱下;休假
see off送行
set off开始(旅行、赛跑等);爆炸;引起或激发
turn off关掉
get off下车;离开,出发;下班
put off推迟,延迟
keep off远离,避开
leave off停止,中断
pay off还清(债务等);取得成功
be badly off贫困
be off duty下班,不值班
6.only+状语“只有……才”
[教材原句]Only on such a trip can you gain a better appreciation of European art.只有在这样的旅行中,你才能更好地欣赏欧洲艺术。(P40)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①Only when Lily walked into the office (她才意识到) that she had left the contract at home.
②Only when he told me about the news (我才知道真相).
考点必记
(1)“only+状语(副词、介词短语或从句)”位于句首时,句子需部分倒装。其结构为:Only+状语+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语+其他。
(2)only修饰名词或代词位于句首作主语时,句子不用倒装。
7.admissionn.准许进入;入场费;承认
[教材原句]In 1983,he gained admission to the Beijing School of Art.他在1983年考上北京艺术学院。(P43)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①She failed to gain (admit) to the university of her choice.
②Alice put it in the newspaper, (admit) that though she liked it,she didn’t know where it came from.
③Many people admit (do) work they neither excel at nor enjoy.
[完成句子]
④我们学校每年有三分之一的学生被重点大学录取。
A third of students in our school key universities every year.
考点必记
(1) admit vt.&vi.容许;承认;接纳
be admitted as...被接纳为……
be admitted to/into...被……录取;被……接纳
(2)admit to doing sth承认做了某事
admit+ that从句 承认……
It is admitted that...公认……
[写作佳句]
All special exhibitions...are free with admission.(2018·江苏卷)所有特殊的展览……均免费入场。
8.cutup切碎
[教材原句]Cutup some tomatoes for eyes,pieces of cheese for ears,and a mushroom for a nose.切一些西红柿作为眼睛,奶酪片作为耳朵,蘑菇作为鼻子。(P46)
语境巧练
[用cut的相关短语完成句子]
① (切碎) the carrots before you put them into the pot.
②When their children lived far away from them,these old people felt (与……隔绝) from the world.
[小情境写作]
③然而,如果我不得不放弃其中之一,我会关掉电视,而不是关掉手机或切断互联网。
However,if I had to give up one of them,I would turn off the TV rather than switch off my cell phone or .
考点必记
cut in插嘴 cut across抄近路穿过;超越
cut down砍倒;缩减
cut...in half/two/into halves将……切成两半
cut off切断;割掉;截断(退路等)
cut sb/sth off(from sb/sth)使……与外界隔绝
cut sth out剪出,剪下;删去
9.layout布置,设计;铺开,展开
[教材原句]You can lay all the pieces out on the card before you stick them down.你可以在粘贴之前先把所有的碎片都摆放在纸板上。(P47)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①This is not the first time I have had to (解雇)an employee.
②On the afternoon of September 10,some of the classmates (布置教室) with paper flowers and ballons,and others went to buy cakes,drinks and fruits.
考点必记
lay off解雇
lay sth aside把……放在一边;储存
lay down制定(条例或原则);放下
10.disgustingadj.令人不快的,令人厌恶的,令人愤慨的
[教材原句]This may sound disgusting to some,but it is really quite clean and great fun.对一些人来说,这听起来可能有点恶心,但是它真的既十分干净而且很有趣。(P47)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Much his disgust,he felt that many of his students are proud of being late for class.
②Sam threw his books down disgust and stormed out of the room.
③He was disgusted (see) such awful living conditions.
考点必记
(much)to one’s disgust 使某人(非常)气愤的是
in disgust厌恶地,气愤地
with disgust反感地,厌恶地
be disgusted to find/hear/see...发现/听到/看到……很气愤
be disgusted at/by/with对……感到反感/厌恶
11.once引导条件状语从句
[教材原句]Once it is stuck on,you can spray the different sections of the picture with paint.一旦它被贴住,你就可以用颜料喷涂画的不同部分了。(P47)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Once (do),the damage will take many years for the farmland to recover.
[完成句子]
② (一旦我查找东西)on the Internet,I don’t need to keep all the details for future use.
③ (一旦出版),the book will be very popular with young people.
考点必记
once在本句中引导条件状语从句,意为“一旦”。如果once引导的从句的主语与主句的主语一致,且从句中的谓语动词含有be动词的某种形式,或从句为“it be...”形式,从句中的“主语+be”或“it be”可以省略。
12.dipvt.&vi.浸,蘸
[教材原句]For example,one end of a tin can be dipped into paint and used to make circles on a piece of card.例如,易拉罐的一端可以蘸上颜料,用来在一张纸板上画圆圈。(P47)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①I have no time to dip the report at the moment.
[小话题写作]
②首先,它涵盖了国内和国际新闻,这样,只要简单地浏览页面,我就能了解一周内发生的所有重要事情。
First, it covers both national and international news so that,by simply ,I can learn all important things that have happened during the week.
考点必记
dip...into...把……浸入……
dip sth in把……浸入……中
dip into提取;浏览
13.haveago(at)试一试
[教材原句]There are many other things that you can use to make unusual pictures,so why not haveagoat some of the ideas above and then try out some ideas of your own?还有许多其他东西可用来制作出与众不同的图画,那么,为什么不尝试上面的一些点子,再试试你自己独创的点子呢?(P47)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①I always wanted to have a go football.
②Things like parents’ educational backgrounds have an effect a child’s reading.
③Have a word Tom,and you can learn more about what he thinks.
④I think it necessary to have mercy the prisoners.
⑤Students as well as teachers have access books in the school library.
⑥With the assistance of a map,you won’t have any difficulty (get) around the city.
[完成句子]
⑦ (通晓)English will improve your chances of success.
⑧When I (与她约会),I always like to arrive ahead of schedule.
⑨When Mary and I met,I learned right away that we (没有什么共同之处).
⑩Alice seems to (擅长于讨价还价).Everything she bought was on sale.
Don’t be self-centered and (试一试) being considerate.We must learn to handle conflicts calmly and wisely.
考点必记
have a word with sb和某人谈几句,跟某人说句话
have a gift for...对……有天赋(比较:have a reputation for...有……名誉/名声)
have a good knowledge of...对……很熟悉,通晓……
have a good laugh over...对……笑了个够
have a/the habit of...=be in a/the habit of...有……的习惯
have/show an appetite for...有……的欲望或爱好
have/make an appointment with sb和某人有预约,和某人有约定
have an effect on/upon...对……有影响,对……产生作用
have an eye for对……有鉴别能力
have access to...使用(接近……的)权利或机会
have mercy on...宽恕……;对……仁慈,对……表示怜悯
have some difficulty/trouble/problems with...在……有困难/麻烦事(比较:have some difficulty/trouble/problems in doing sth 做某事有困难/麻烦)
have something/nothing in common(with...)(与……)有共同点/没有共同之处(比较:have much/a lot in common with...与……有许多相同之处;have little in common with...与……几乎没有相同之处)
随堂巩固迁移运用
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.These animals (typical) live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feet—as far as most light can reach.
2.The project is on such a gigantic (庞大的) scale that the cost is hard (calculate).
3.They are looking for someone with a real sense of (commit) to the job.
4.The weather here in summer is so (change).Please take an umbrella when you go out.
5.Do you think museums should charge for (admit)?
6.Upsetting people with unsigned messages is cruel and (disgust).
7. is no wonder it ranks as the world’s most body-conscious country.
8.There’s nothing more (reward) than putting smiles on the faces around you.
9.I don’t often lose things,so I was quite surprised the moment I reached my wallet and found it wasn’t there.
10.The police will reward (who) has provided useful information to catch the robber.
Ⅱ.短语填空
be off to,lay out,build up,have a go at,cut up
1.My son asked me to let him the heavy box.
2.He the meat on the plate and began to eat.
3.After that we are aware that we should our bodies and live a healthy life.
4.The garden is in a formal pattern.
5.They would Shanghai to visit a friend of theirs.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1.The next day I was off Washington in a train.
2.The teacher commanded that he went out of the classroom.
3.Having retired from business,he now occupies him with the welfare of the disabled.
4.Some farmers have to leave their home town to work in cities,struggle to increase their incomes.
5.As far as I know,he made fortune by selling used cars.
6.We must take measures to preserve the endangered animals from killed.
Ⅳ.话题微写作
写作内容提示
1.上星期我和我的同学去了展览馆。(be off to)
2.展览馆里有很多油画正在展出。(where,exhibit)
3.因为免费入场,很多人去那里欣赏抽象的油画。(admission,abstract)
4.通过看展品,我们学到了很多。(exhibit)
5.我们买了一些纪念品,然后高高兴兴地回家了。(souvenir)
连句成文(参考上述提示,通过合理想象整合成一篇短文)
请完成【高考题型·组合规范练】
Unit4 Filmsandfilmevents
(主题语境:人与社会——文学、艺术与体育)
核心考点课堂突破
1.indefenceof为……辩护;防卫
[教材原句]Kathy,I don’t like to argue,but indefenceof the Venice Film Festival,...我不想争辩,Kathy,但是想为威尼斯电影节说几句……(P50)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①“Small does not mean weak,sir,” she defended (she).(2020·天津卷)
②Parents,of course,will do everything they can to defend their children harm.
考点必记
(1)in one’s defence=in defence of sb为某人辩护
(2)defend v.为……辩护;保卫
defend...from/against保护……使不受……,为……辩护
defend oneself自卫;自行辩护
2.exposevt.使接触,使体验,使面临;暴露,显露,揭露
[教材原句]Redford has acted in and directed many big Hollywood films,but wanted to expose the public to films made outside of the Hollywood system that ordinary people might have no access to otherwise.Redford演出和导演过许多好莱坞大制作电影,但是却想要让普通人能看到本来看不到的好莱坞之外的电影。(P50)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
① (expose)to light while sleeping can increase a person’s chances of getting cancer.
[句式升级]
②Being exposed to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin.
= the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin.(v.-ing的主动形式作主语)
= the sunlight for too long,you will get your skin harmed.(if省略句)
[完成句子]
③外国学生接触到中国茶馆,独特的茶具与茶杯给他们留下了深刻印象。
,the foreign students were impressed by the unique tea pots and tea cups.
考点必记
(1)expose sth/sb to...把……暴露在……之下
expose oneself to sth使面临,使遭受
expose a secret/a plan泄露秘密/计划
(2)exposed adj.无遮蔽的
be exposed to...置身于……;暴露于……
(3)exposure n.面临;揭露
3.therebe句型
[教材原句]Nowadays,if a film wins an award at Sundance,thereisa good chance it will become famous!现在,如果一部电影在圣丹斯电影节上获奖,出名的机会就会很大!(P51)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①In 1812,the year Charles Dickens was born,there were 66 novels (publish) in Britain.(2018·浙江卷)
②Yet there is evidence (suggest)that the trend is growing.
[翻译句子]
③我们身边有很多值得尊敬的人。他们可能是我们的老师、父母或者长辈。(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
考点必记
(1)句型There be+n.+v.-ing/v.-ed结构中v.-ing,v.-ed作后置定语。如果名词与后面的分词存在逻辑上的主动关系,用v.-ing形式,如果是逻辑上的被动关系,则用v.-ed形式。
(2)there be之后如果有几个并列主语时,be动词的单复数要取决于第一个主语是单数还是复数,即遵循就近原则。
4.contradictvt.&vi.反驳,驳斥;与……相矛盾,相反
[教材原句]I hate to contradict you,but in recent years,the Cannes Film Festival has shown special favour to American films.我无意冒犯您,但是,最近几年,戛纳电影节格外青睐美国电影。(P51)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①The poems may not make sense and even seem (contradict),but they are easy to learn and recite.
②His private actions are in direct contradiction his publicly expressed opinions.
[小话题写作]
③不可否认,这样的评级可能会给消费者带来方便。然而,它们有时会自相矛盾,因为它们常常误导人,也不可靠。
such ratings might bring convenience to consumers.However,they sometimes ,for they are often misleading and unreliable.
考点必记
(1)contradict oneself自相矛盾
(2)contradiction n.反驳,驳斥
in contradiction to与……相矛盾/对立
contradiction between A and B A和B之间的矛盾
(3)contradictory adj.相互矛盾的,对立的
[写作佳句]
All evening her husband contradicted everything she said.整个晚上她说什么丈夫都跟她拌嘴。
5.overlookvt.忽略,未注意到;不予理会;俯视
[教材原句]...while films that are likely to be overlooked at other festivals,for example at Cannes,have a real chance of becoming champions.……而在其他电影节上(比如戛纳电影节)可能被忽视的电影,却大有夺魁的机会。(P51)
语境巧练
[用overlook,ignore填空]
①It was our home,small and charming, a quiet lake.
②Tom greeted her,but she him and carried on with her work.
③An experienced and responsible teacher never the slower students.
[完成句子]
④这是个不容错过的地方。
It is a place that .
考点必记
overlook sb/sth 忽视某人/事
overlook the fact that...忽略……的事实
overlook sp俯视某地
[易混辨析]
overlook与ignore
overlook
常指由于匆忙或没注意到而忽视
ignore
指故意不理睬某人、某物
6.preferencen.偏爱,偏好
[教材原句]At the Academy Awards,the preference is to reward top-ranking American films.奥斯卡金像奖特别钟爱顶级美国电影。(P53)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①Unlike fast-food places,fine dining shops prefer customers (stay)longer and spend.
②You prefer healthy food fast food.(2018·全国Ⅱ卷)
③But that didn’t necessarily mean people (prefer) positive news.
④Rather than watch TV,I prefer ( go)to the cinema.
⑤The parents have a strong preference their youngest child.
⑥When talking about my reading ,I think I to science books.(prefer)
[完成句子]
⑦根据调查,用人单位会更青睐那些毕业于“985”和“211”的学生。
According to surveys,employers will in Project 985 and 211.
考点必记
(1)have a preference for更喜欢……
give(a)preference to给……以优惠/优待
in preference to优先于
(2) prefer v.偏爱,偏好
prefer sth to sth 与……相比更喜欢……
prefer doing sth to doing sth与做……相比更喜欢做……
prefer to do sth/ doing sth更喜欢做某事
prefer to do...rather than do...宁可做……也不做……
prefer + that从句(从句中常用should+动词原形) 更喜欢做……
注意:由于prefer本身含有比较含义,故不可与比较级连用;prefer (doing) sth to (doing) sth中的to是介词,to前后分别用平行的名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
7.whether...or...无论是……还是……
[教材原句]Whether you think the Academy Awards really resemble a film festival or not,everyone agrees that the Oscar is the best-known award a film can receive.不论你是否认为奥斯卡金像奖真的像电影节,人人都赞同奥斯卡金像奖是电影能获得的最著名的奖项。(P53)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
① you’re looking at wallpaper or paint,the time,effort and relative expense put into it are significant.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)
②We were left to decide to have a picnic in a park or go to visit a museum.
[完成句子]
③不管我是否忙于功课,我都会设法找时间和朋友们出去玩。
,I’ll manage to find time to hang out with my friends.
考点必记
(1)whether...or...“无论是……还是……,不管是……还是……”常引导让步状语从句。
(2)whether...or...也可引导名词性从句作主语或宾语。
(3)whether可以和or not连用。
(4)带疑问词的动词不定式前只能用whether,不能用if。
8.代词+of+关系代词
[教材原句]However,he later finds out that his father was a wizard and that his mother was a witch,bothofwhom were murdered by an evil wizard—the same wizard who gave Harry the scar.但是后来哈利发现他的父亲是巫师,母亲是女巫,他们都被一个邪恶的巫师杀害——也就是给哈利留下伤疤的那个巫师。(P62)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①There are three tables in the room,all of are covered with cloth.
[一句多译]
那间教室,它的门坏了,将会很快被修好。
②The classroom, is broken,will soon be repaired.(名词+介词+关系代词)
③The classroom, is broken,will soon be repaired.(介词+关系代词+名词)
④The classroom, is broken,will soon be repaired.(关系代词+名词)
考点必记
both of whom属于“代词(或数词)+of+关系代词(whom/which)”结构。
(1)both/neither/all/none/some/most/many/several/
a few/...+of+关系代词(whom/which)
(2)the+名词+of+关系代词(whom/which)
(3)数词+of+关系代词(whom/which)
(4)形容词的最高级+of+关系代词(whom/which)
9.showoff炫耀,卖弄
[教材原句]I think this is more to showoff the special effects than to help the film’s plot.我想,与其说这有助于故事情节的发展,倒不如说更多的是为了炫耀特技。(P63)
语境巧练
[单句填空]
①The child danced around the room,showing to everybody.
②I think the faith that everyone has shown him has touched him.(2018·北京卷)
③I sincerely hope your dream will come true and it’s my pleasure to show you in Beijing when that day comes.
考点必记
show...out带……出去
show faith in sb/sth表示对某人(物)有信心
show sb around带领某人参观
show...in带或领……进来
show/turn up出现;露面;到场
[写作佳句]
Mike has only driven to the pub to showoff his new car.迈克开车来酒吧的目的是炫耀他的新车。
10.disappointvt.使失望,使扫兴
[教材原句]Also,it disappoints me that several interesting scenes are not shown in the film.另外,使我失望的是,有些有趣的情节没有在电影中展现。(P63)
语境巧练
[用disappoint的适当形式填空]
①The next day,we got a message that another buyer had offered a much higher price.
②If you think I’ll agree to that,you’re going to be sadly .
③He left the station in great ,for she wasn’t on the train.
[完成句子]
④学生对学校的自行车存车处很失望,因为它的入口窄,经常拥堵。
The students the parking place for bikes in our school,because it was small and always blocked.
考点必记
(1) disappoint sb使某人失望
(2)disappointment n.失望;沮丧;令人失望的人或事物
to one’s disappointment令某人感到失望的是
(3)disappointed adj.对……感到失望的
disappointing adj.令人失望的
be disappointed at/by sth因……感到失望
be disappointed at/with sb/sth对……失望
11.givethoughtto认真考虑,思考
[教材原句]This shows that the film-makers did not giveenoughthoughtto who the audience of the film would be.这表明电影制片人根本没有考虑潜在的观众。(P63)
语境巧练
[完成句子]
①Take it easy.Our leaders are sure to (认真考虑你的问题).
②Please don’t (在乎她说什么).
③I hope you’ll (再考虑考虑).
④Alice had been so (陷入深深的思考之中) that she walked past her car without even seeing it.
[小情境写作]
⑤我发现妈妈感到不舒服。她感冒了。我立即去给她买了药,然后为她准备了面条。
I found my mother wasn’t feeling well.She had a cold. ,I went to get her some medicine and then prepared some noodles for her.
考点必记
be lost in thought 陷入沉思
thought for...对……的体谅/关怀
second thought经过重新考虑,在仔细考虑后
deep in thought陷入沉思
at first thought乍一想
at the thought of一想到……(就)
on second thought(s) 经仔细考虑后
without a second thought 立即,马上;不假思索
read sb’s thoughts 看出某人的心思
[写作佳句]
We should giveenoughthoughtto noise of speaking loud.我们应该好好地想一想大声讲话所产生的噪声。
随堂巩固迁移运用
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.I couldn’t be present myself,but I sent my (represent) to the meeting.
2.Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because their brains receive (contradict) messages.
3.It would be fatal for the nation (overlook) the urgency of the situation.
4.This year,25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their (enter) until next year.
5.Through the first two games,her team did not get one serious (shoot) on goal.
6.I (sincere) wish you a pleasant time with us.
7.Art is all about the slow (accumulate) over time.
8.It will be extremely (disappoint) if this does not happen.
9.He may win the competition,in case he is likely to get into the national team.
10. (expose) to nuclear radiation,even for a short time,may influence genes in human bodies.
Ⅱ.短语填空
in the minority,in defence of,be aware of,give thought of,show off
1.When visiting another country,you should those differences and respect them.
2.She only bought that sports car to and prove she could afford one.
3.The soldiers fight their country.
4.While the army takes both men and women,women are .
5.She never her appearance.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1.To my disappoint,my father doesn’t agree to buy me a new bike.
2.Being exposed to the sunlight for a long time is harm to your skin.
3.My brother has a preference of painting.
4.China has many rivers,the longest of them is the Yangtze River.
5.She was good at German,French and Russian,all of which she spoke fluent.
Ⅳ.话题微写作
写作内容提示
1.作为一名学生,你应该谦虚,不应该炫耀你的知识。(modest,show off)
2.你应该和你的伙伴相处好,认真思考他们的意见。(give thought to)
3.只要你友好,你的伙伴们不会令你失望。(as long as,disappoint)
连句成文(参考上述提示,通过合理想象整合成一篇短文)
请完成【高考题型·组合规范练】
专题一 名词和冠词
核心考点课堂突破
高考感悟
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)The far side of the moon is of particular (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山).
2.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Filled with (curious),the artist packed his bags and left.
3.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)The plum trees are first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化).
4.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Historical (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.
5.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements,leading to a (believe) that populations are increasing.
6.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)When they were free from work,they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting (compete) to watch,together with the story behind it.
7.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)Of nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations,three are declining,six are stable,one is increasing,and nine lack enough data.
8.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)She said,“We don’t have any idea who put grandma forward.When we got a call saying she was short-listed,we thought it was joke...”
9.(2018·全国Ⅲ卷)Unexpectedly,I’m face-to-face with the gorilla,who begins screaming at top of her lungs.
10.(2018·全国Ⅱ卷)Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over past 25 years,while rice has increased only 7 percent.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick.
2.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Then I put the tomatoes and the beaten eggs into pan together.
3.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Luckily,I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations.
4.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)My mom is really concerned with the health of everyone in our families.
5.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)To everyone’s surprising,the ball went into the net.
6.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)All the football player on the playground cheered loudly,saying that I had a talent for football.
7.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)Since I was a kid,I’ve considered different job I would like to do.
8.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city.
9.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)Suddenly football fell just in front of me and almost hit me.
10.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style.
考点归纳
考点一 名词的数
1.可数名词的复数
(1)规则变化:一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。
规则
例词
一般在词尾加-s
map—maps,sea—seas,girl—girls,day—days
以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加-es
class—classes,box—boxes,watch—watches,dish—dishes
以-f或
-fe结尾
的词
变-f和-fe为v再加-es
leaf—leaves,thief—thieves,knife—knives,half—halves,loaf—loaves,wife—wives,shelf—shelves
加-s
belief—beliefs,chief—chiefs,proof—proofs,roof—roofs
以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-es
party—parties,family—families,story—stories,city—cities
以元音字母加y结尾的名词,或专有名词以y结尾的,加-s
toy—toys,boy—boys,day—days,ray—rays,Henry—Henrys
以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词
一般加-es
hero—heroes,potato—potatoes,tomato—tomatoes
不少外来词加-s
piano—pianos,photo—photos,kilo—kilos
两者皆可
zero—zeros/zeroes
volcano—volcanos/volcanoes
mosquito—mosquitos/mosquitoes
续 表
规则
例词
以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s
radio—radios,bamboo—bamboos,zoo—zoos
以-th结尾的名词加-s
truth—truths,mouth—mouths,month—months,path—paths
(2)不规则变化
规则
例词
改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式
man—men,woman—women,foot—feet,goose—geese,mouse—mice
单复数相同
species,sheep,deer,series,means,works,fish,li,yuan,jin
只有复数形式
ashes,trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,compasses,contents
一些集体名词总是用作复数
people,police,cattle,staff
部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也可以作复数(成员)
audience,class,family,crowd,couple,group,committee,government,population,crew,team,public,enemy,party
复数形式表示特别含义
customs(海关),forces(军队),times(时代),spirits(情绪),drinks(饮料),sands(沙滩),papers(文件,报纸),manners(礼貌),looks(外表),brains(头脑智力),greens(青菜),ruins(废墟)
表示
“某国
人”
加-s
Americans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans
单复数同形
Swiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese
以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women
Englishmen,Frenchwomen
合成
名词
将主体名词变为复数
sons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers,boy friends
无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数
grown-ups,housewives,stopwatches
将两部分变为复数
women singers,men servants
2.不可数名词
(1)一般情况
用法
词尾不能加-s,作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式
类别
包括抽象名词、物质名词和专有名词
例词
fun,advice,weather,progress,information,bread,butter,baggage,clothing,equipment,furniture,homework,juice,luggage,luck,music,milk,meat,production,permission,practice,thought,rubber,rice,soup,wealth,health,wood,English,America
(2)特殊情况
[C]可数、[U]不可数含义不同
work工作[U],作品、著作[C]
glass玻璃[U],杯子[C],眼镜[pl.]
room空间[U],房间[C]
paper纸[U],报纸、文件、试卷[C]
抽象名词
具体化
beauty美、美丽[U],beauty美人、美丽的东西[C]
experience经验[U],experience经历[C]
surprise吃惊、惊奇[U],surprise令人吃惊的人或事[C]
pleasure愉快、高兴[U],pleasure乐事、乐趣[C]
pride骄傲[U],pride令人骄傲的人或事[C]
reality实际[U],reality实现的事、现实[C]
honor荣誉、信誉[U],honor光荣的人或事[C]
success成功[U],success成功的人或事[C]
failure失败[U],failure失败的人或事[C]
comfort安危、舒适[U],comfort令人安慰的人或事[C]
promise希望、前途、出息[U],promise允诺、诺言[C]
danger危险[U],danger可能引起危险的人或物[C]
attraction 吸引[U],attraction 有吸引力的人或事物[C]
考点二 名词的所有格
1.’s所有格的构成
单数名词在末尾加’s
the boy’s father,Jack’s book,her son-in-law’s photo
复数名词
一般在末尾加’
the teachers’ room,the twins’ mother
不规则复数名词后加’s
the children’s toys,women’s rights
以s结尾的人名所有格加’s或者’
Dickens’ novels,Charles’s job,the Smiths’ house
表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加’s
Japan’s and America’s problems,Jane’s and Mary’s bikes
表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加’s
Japan and America’s problems,Jane and Mary’s father
表示“某人家”“店铺”,所有格后名词省略
the doctor’s,the barber’s,the tailor’s,my uncle’s
2.’s所有格的用法
表示时间
today’s newspaper,five weeks’ holiday
表示自然现象
the earth’s atmosphere,the tree’s branches
表示国家、城市等地方的名词
the country’s plan,the world’s population,China’s industry
表示工作群体
the ship’s crew,the majority’s view,the team’s victory
续 表
表示度量衡及价值
a mile’s journey,five dollars’ worth of apples
与人类活动有特殊关系的名词
the life’s time,the play’s plot
某些固定词组
a bird’s eye view(鸟瞰,俯视),a stone’s throw(很短的距离,不远处),at one’s wit’s end(不知所措)
3.of所有格的用法
用于无生命的东西
the legs of the chair,the cover of the book
用于有生命的东西,尤其是有较长定语时
the classrooms of the first-year students
用于名词化的词
the struggle of the oppressed
考点三 不定冠词a/an的用法
1.一般情况
指一类人或事,相当于a kind of
A plane is a machine that can fly.
第一次提及某人、某物
A boy is waiting for you.
表示“每一”,相当于every,one
We study eight hours a day.
表示“相同”,相当于the same
We are nearly of an age.
用于人名前,表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事
A Mr Smith came to visit you when you were out.
That boy is rather a Lei Feng.
用于quite,rather,many,half,what,such之后
This room is rather a big one.
用于so (as,too,how)+形容词之后
She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.
2.固定搭配
all of a sudden突然;as a matter of fact事实上;once a week每周一次;at a loss不知所措,茫然;be on a visit参观,拜访;be/go on a diet节食;give sb.a lift让某人搭便车;have a gift for...在……方面有天赋;have a good time玩得开心;have a word with...与……谈话;in a hurry匆忙地;in a way从某种意义上说;make a living谋生;take a walk散步;take an interest in...对……感兴趣;take/have a rest休息一会儿;a couple of两三个; a bit一点; once upon a time从前;many a time许多次
考点四 定冠词the
1.一般情况
表示某一类人或物
The horse is a useful animal.
用于世上独一无二的事物名词前
the universe,the moon,the Pacific Ocean
表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事
Would you mind opening the door?
用于乐器前面
play the violin,play the guitar
用于形容词和分词前表示一类人
the rich,the living,the wounded
续 表
表示“一家人”或“夫妇”
the Greens,the Wangs
用于序数词或形容词、副词比较级、最高级前
He is the taller of the two children.
用于国家、党派等以及江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛的名词前
the United States,the Communist Party of China,the West Lake
用于表示发明物的单数名词前
The compass was invented in China.
在逢十的复数数词之前,指世纪的某个年代
in the 1990s
用于表示单位的名词前
I hired the car by the hour.
用于方位名词、身体部位名词以及表示时间的词组前
He patted me on the shoulder.
2.固定搭配
at the moment此刻,目前;at the same time同时;by the way顺便说一下;on the spot当场;make the best/most of...充分利用……;in the distance在远处;in the end最终;in the habit of有……的习惯;the other day前几天;on the one hand...,on the other hand...一方面……,另一方面……;to the point中肯,切题
考点五 零冠词
1.一般情况
专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前
Peking University,Jack,China,love,air
名词前有this,my,whose,some,no,each,every等限制
I want this book,not that one./ Whose purse is this?
季节、月份、星期、节假日、一日三餐前
March,Sunday,National Day,spring
表示职位、身份、头衔的名词前
Lincoln was made President of America.
学科、语言、球类、棋类名词前
He likes playing football/chess.
与by连用表示交通工具的名词前
by train,by air,by land
以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时
husband and wife,knife and fork,day and night
表示泛指的复数名词前
Horses are useful animals.
2.固定搭配
in fact事实上;for example例如;in danger在危险中;with pleasure高兴地;in time及时;in fear恐惧地;at work在上班;at dinner在吃饭;after school放学后;at first起初;at last最终;by hand手工做的;pay attention to注意;set fire to放火;take pride in以……为豪;take care of照顾;take office就职;take part in参加;in town在城里;keep...in mind牢记;in trouble处在麻烦中;on foot步行;leave word留言;on time按时;catch sight of看见;do harm to对……有害;lose weight减肥
专项训练巩固提升
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.So it was honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base,where ticket money helps pay for research.
2. (apology) of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more frequently than before.
3.However,the railway quickly proved to be great success.
4.The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials,the rest of which were saved for other (purpose).
5.The east side of their stems grows faster during day,causing the stems to gradually bend from east to west.
6.John Dewey,an American psychologist,once said that gaining others’ respect is deepest urge in human nature.
7.A hundred years ago, (explorer) at that time were taking a tremendous risk in approaching the cold wonderland on the southernmost tip of the planet.
8.In fact,figuring out who will get the bill is always headache for the Chinese at formal meals.
9.As Chinese economy develops very fast and plays important role in the world,more and more foreigners learn Mandarin in Confucius Institutes.
10.Chinese people are becoming richer and more international.What has not changed is their (stomach).
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.She has taught us a lot of English knowledges and how to be a good citizen.
2.China has made a great progress in developing its space industry.
3.I spent a hour every day taking exercise in order to lose weight.
4.It was useful experience for all of us,which I’ll never forget for the rest of my life,and which I’ll always treasure.
5.With no time for the breakfast,I rushed out of my house.
6.I suddenly found that Lin Ling,one of my classmate,worked as a waitress there.
7.From this lesson,we came to conclusion that it was not so difficult to learn English if we could find a good way.
8.For example,businessmen are more likely to travel by plane or high-speed train to save time while office worker tend to take buses or drive to work themselves.
9.Last year,my families and I went camping in the countryside.It was one of the exciting experiences I had ever had.
10.I hope my advices can help you improve your health.
Ⅲ.语法填空
Villages in developing countries often lack many things:books,clean water,electricity.These shortages are easy to see.But 1. different kind of shortage is not easy to see.That is 2. shortage of experts.Many villages have no doctors,engineers or scientists.They have no one who knows how to treat unusual medical 3. (problem) or design a new expert system.There is a way to ease 4. problems.They can do it with 5. (computer).In 6. past few years,computer scientists around the world have developed what they call “expert systems”.An expert system is a special kind of computer program.In some situations,it can take 7. place of 8. human expert.For example,an expert in the medical system can help to take care of a sick person.After asking a few 9. (question) of the patient,it can tell what medicine or other 10. (treat) is needed.
Ⅳ.短文改错
Last Sunday I saw a worst storm in years.It came suddenly and went on for over a hour.After lunch,I went into my room to have rest.The air was hot,and all was quiet.Then a strong wind started to blow into my room.Pieces of papers on my desk flew high into the air and some flew out of the only open window.As I ran out to catch them,big drop of rain began to fall.When I came back into my house,it was raining the harder and harder.I tried very hard to close the windows.Then I heard the loudly crashing(碰撞的)sound from the back of the houses.I ran out of my room to find out what had happened: a big tree had fallen down and broken a top of the back room.
专题二 代词
核心考点课堂突破
高考感悟
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Data about...,could help China decide whether (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
2.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)As well as looking at exhibits,visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟) and imagine (they) living at a different time in history or...
3.(2019·北京卷)Nervously facing challenges,I know I will whisper to (I) the two simple words “Be yourself ”.
4.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)If you are time poor,you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports,so perhaps we should all give a try.
5.(2018·全国Ⅲ卷)When the gorillas and I frightened each other,I was just glad to find (they) alive.
6.(2018·浙江卷)Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap can be to eat out.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)“Not that way,” my mom tried to stop us but failed.
2.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Best of luck with yours learning kung fu in China.
3.(2018·全国Ⅱ卷)They(My parents) would say to us that playing card games would help my brain.
4.(2018·全国Ⅲ卷)I had done myself homework,but I was shy.
考点归纳
考点一 代词的分类
代词可以分为以下八大类:
人称
代词
主格
I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they
宾格
me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them
物主
代词
形容
词性
my,your,his,her,its,our,their
名词
性
mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirs
反身代词
myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves
续 表
指示代词
this,that,these,those,such,some
疑问代词
who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whichever,whatever
关系代词
that,which,who,whom,whose,as
不定
代词
普通
不定
代词
one/ some/ any,each/ every,none/ no,many/ much,few/ little/ a few/ a little,other/ another,all/ both,neither/ either
复合
不定
代词
something,anything,nothing,everything,somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody, everyone, no one/none,someone,anyone
相互代词
each other,one another
注意1.形容词性物主代词通常用作定语,修饰名词,形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词。
2.“of(介词)+名词性物主代词(或名词所有格)”构成双重所有格,如:afriendofmine我的一个朋友。
3.人称代词用在及物动词或介词后必须用宾格形式。
考点二 it的用法
非人称
代词
It’s quite hot here in summer,isn’t it?
It’s early midnight now.We’d better go to bed.
It’s about an hour’s drive from here to Nanchang.
指代日期、时间、季节、天气、温度、距离、重量、环境、情况等
形式
成分
形式
主语
It is difficult to understand why she barks every minute she is outside.
真正的主语由不定式、动词-ing形式或从句充当
形式
宾语
Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
真正的宾语由不定式、动词-ing形式或从句充当
强调
句型
It was under the bed that my brother hid the ball this morning.
It is Mr Bell who/that often comes and looks after the old man.
指人时可以用who或that,其他情况一律用that
常见的it句型
It is a pity/shame that...真可惜……
It is no wonder that...难怪……
It seems/appears that...似乎/看起来……
It looks/seems as if/though...看起来好像……
It happened that...碰巧……
It occurs to/comes to/strikes/hits sb.that...某人突然想起……
It is said/reported that...据说/据报道……
It is no use /good doing...做……没有用/好处。
It takes sb.some time to do...做……花费某人多长时间。
It is certain that...……是一定的。
See to it that...确保……
Count on/rely on/depend on it that...相信……
as someone puts it 像某人说的那样
When it comes to...当涉及/谈到……
I can’t help it...我没办法/情不自禁……
I take it that...我理解的是……
It’s (high) time that sb. did sth.是某人该做某事的时候了。
It’s the first/second/...time that sb.have/has done sth.这是某人第一次/二次/……次做某事了。
It is/has been...since...自从……已经过了……时间了。
It will be/was...before...要过……时间才……/在……之前已过了……时间。
I hate/enjoy/appreciate/dislike/love/like/prefer it when/if...我讨厌/喜欢/感激……
考点三 it,one,that的区别
it
指代上文提到的表特指的单数可数名词或不可数名词,即“同类又同物”,复数形式为they/them
one
表示“同类不同物”,只能代替可数名词单数,相当于a/an+可数名词单数
that
表示“同类不同物”,指代前文出现的表特指的可数名词单数或不可数名词。(复数名词用those指代)those=the ones
注意theone特指前面的可数名词单数,有时可以用that来代替(尤其是后面有后置定语时);theones特指上文提到的复数名词,有时可以用those代替,尤其在有后置定语的情况下。
Thebooksonthedeskarebetterthanthose/theonesunderthedesk.(those/theones替代thebooks)
考点四 some与any
用法
例句
some多用于肯定句,any多用于疑问句和否定句
—Have you got any bookmarks?
—No,I don’t have any bookmarks.
I have some questions to ask.
some可用于疑问句中,表示盼望得到肯定的答复,或者表示建议、请求等
Have you got some stamps?(希望得到肯定的回答)
Would you like some coffee?(表示请求、邀请)
some 和any修饰可数名词单数时,some表示某个,any表示任何一个
I have read this article in some magazine.
Please correct the mistakes,if any.
some和数词连用表示“大约”,any可与比较级连用表示程度
There are some 3,000 students in this school.
Do you feel any better today?
考点五 each和every
each强调个别,代表的数可以是两个或两个以上。作定语或主语时谓语动词用单数
Each student has his own dictionary.
Each has his good point.
续 表
every只能作定语,强调整体,所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。作定语时谓语动词用单数。every+ 基数词+ 复数名词=every+ 序数词+ 单数名词,作“每(多少)”解,但each不能用于这一结构中
I know every member of your family.
every three days 每三天或每隔两天,相当于 every third day。
There are many shops on every side of the street.(every改为each)
考点六 noone,none,nobody和nothing
no one
指人或物,作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式,不能与of连用
No one knows how long it will last.
none
可指人也可指物,作主语时,如和 of 连用指不可数名词时,谓语动词要用单数形式;指可数名词时,谓语动词用单、复数均可
None of them has/have seen me before.
None of this money belongs to me.
nobody
用来指人,作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式,不能与of连用
Nobody wants to remain a beginner.
nothing
用来指物,作主语时谓语动词用单数形式
Nothing is difficult in the world if you put your heart into it.
考点七 another,other,theother和others
other
表示“别的”“另外的”,只能与复数名词连用。但other前有冠词the即可与单数名词连用
Do you have any other question(s)?
the other
指两个人或物中的一个,后可加单数名词,也可加复数名词
He has two daughters.One is a nurse,the other is a worker.
another
指另一个,没有固定的范围
This glass is broken.Get me another one.
others
不能作定语,表示复数意义,相当于“other+复数名词”
Some people like football;others like volleyball.
考点八 复合不定代词
作主语时谓语动词用单数
Somebody has parked his car right in front of mine.
受定语修饰时,定语后置
Please be quiet.I’ve got something important to say.
其后一般不接of 短语,不定代词若是指物或后接 of 短语,可用 any one,every one
Every one of the movies I saw last week was interesting.
常见短语:
nothing but只不过
anything but绝不;根本不
something of有点儿……;在某种程度上是
nothing to do with和……没关系
for nothing免费;白白地;白费;无缘无故地
second to none名列前茅
考点九 部分否定与全部否定
部分
否定
all,both,every,everyone,everybody,everything用在否定句中
Not every student goes to the farm on Sunday.=Every student doesn’t go to the farm on Sunday.不是每个学生星期天都去农场。
续 表
全部
否定
none,no one,nobody,nothing,neither,not any
No one/ Nobody in our class likes football.我们班没有人喜欢足球。
专项训练巩固提升
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.We had fun and enjoyed (we) during the daytime.
2.I would appreciate very much if you can do me a favor.
3.Susan made clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
4.In some countries,people eat with chopsticks,while in ,knives and forks.
5.I’d appreciate if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
6.It’s an either-or situation—we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can’t do .
7.She’d lived in London and Manchester but she liked and moved to Cambridge.
8.At our factory there are a few machines similar to described in this magazine.
9.When he took his gloves off,I noticed that one had his name written inside.
10.I prefer the large box to the small .
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.Of all the subjects I like English best.I had been learning them for eleven years.
2.John,my Spanish teacher,said, “Take easy;it is just a small quiz.”
3.Some of the houses have bathrooms but much do not.
4.It was the first time he felt he had achieved something by him.
5.Suzhou is not far from Shanghai,so you can easily visit all in a day.
6.Mrs Zhang,who is our new teacher,is so concerned about us that we are all fond of him.
7.Poor little Jack upset his stomach by eating too many rich food.
8.From there I saw the bull kicking my food bag with their feet.
9.In some countries,people eat with chopsticks,while in other,knives and forks.
10.At our factory there are a few machines similar to them described in this magazine.
Ⅲ.语法填空
Tom liked to make up stories about the giants that threatened(威胁) the peace of 1. (he)own land,but he knew that the real giant in his life was Janice.Of course, 2. wasn’t only Tom and his best friend John that Janice was after.She had two friends,Wilma and Bobby,who were almost as big as she was,and the three of 3. (they) would wander around the playground,grabbing up rocks,running through jump ropes,and laughing while second graders screamed. 4. (them) would even stand outside the girls’ room every morning and make the little girls give them 5. (they)milk money before they’d let them go to the bathroom.
Belle,John’s little sister,unfortunately,was a slow learner.Her daddy had brought 6. (she)a package of Twinkies,and she was so proud that as soon as she got on the school bus,she forgot everything she knew and yelled to another first grader,“Guess what I got in my lunch today,Billy?”
“What?”
“Twinkies!”she shouted so loud that you could have heard her in the back seat even if you were deaf in 7. ears.Out of the corner of his eye,John thought he saw Janice brighten up.
When they sat down,Belle was still talking about her Twinkies loudly.“8. (I) daddy brought them to me from Washington.”
John threw another look at the back seat.“You’d better shut up about 9. (that) Twinkies” he said in her ear.“You’re just jealous(嫉妒的) because Daddy did bring you none.”“OK.” He turned to Tom to say,“Warned her,didn’t I? ” and Tom nodded back.
Neither of 10. (they) was too surprised to see Belle come screaming toward them at break time.“She stole my Twinkies!”John sighed.“Belle,didn’t I tell you?”
Ⅳ.短文改错
This morning was very unusually for me.My car was run into by the woman’s car.As a result,neither my car nor her car was drivable.Luckily no one hurt.Remembering all the stories of kindness and love our teacher once tells us,I didn’t get angry with this poor woman whom was crying.However,I invited her into my car to warm up since it was freezing outside.We chatted with while waiting for the police.She soon stopped cry and we ended up saying goodbye with smile.I’m glad to have kept kindness in my heart.Without them,this morning could have gone very differently.
专题三 介词和介词短语
核心考点课堂突破
高考感悟
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Orange trees are more decoration;they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.
2.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Bamboo plants are associated health,abundance and a happy home.
3.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)The artist was finally humbled(谦卑) by the greatest artist earth,Mother Nature.
4.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Museums must compete people’s spare time and money with other amusements.
5.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)Modern methods tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.
6.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)We were first greeted with the barking by a pack dogs,seven to be exact.
7.(2018·全国Ⅲ卷)I was searching these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing.
8.(2018·北京卷)—Good morning,Mr Lee’s office.
—Good morning.I’d like to make an appointment next Wednesday afternoon.
9.(2017·全国Ⅱ卷)It allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and work.
10.(2017·全国Ⅲ卷)After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree engineering or architecture.
11.(2017·江苏卷)Determining where we are in relation our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)After that I poured oil into a pan and turned off the stove.
2.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Then I can spare some time to learn it again,so that we can practice together on every day.
3.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)I’m glad to know that you’ve come China to learn kung fu in a school in my hometown.
4.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)From now on,I started to play football with classmates after school.
5.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)When I studied chemistry high school,I reconsidered my goal and decided to be a doctor.
6.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)I want my cafe to have a special theme such as like “Tang Dynasty”.
考点归纳
考点一 介词分类
简单介词
about,across,after,against,among,around,at,below,beyond,during,in,on
合成介词
inside,into,onto,out of,outside,throughout,upon,within,without
短语介词
according to,because of,instead of,up to,due to,owing to,thanks to
双重介词
from among,from behind,from under,till after,in between
分词转化
成的介词
considering(就……而论),including
形容词转
化成的介词
like,unlike,near,opposite
考点二 方位介词
介词
图 示
意 义
例 句
in
在……
之内
We went for a ride in the car.
on
在……
上面
The three brothers sat down on the carpet.
over
在……
(正)上方
She had to jump over the fence to get home.
under
在……
(正)下方
Most of the iceberg is under the water.
above
在……
上方
The plane flew above the clouds.
below/
beneath
在……
下方
The fields are below sea level.
by
在……
旁边
—Where’s the bank?
—It’s just by the post office.
beside
He does not hesitate to ask her to sit beside him.
near
在……
附近
He was born in a small village near the town.
续 表
介词
图 示
意 义
例 句
next to
紧挨……
A man next to me was smoking,and the smoke really bothered me.
behind
在……
后面
Keith wandered along behind us.
before
在……
之前
She placed a plate of food before him.
outside
在……
外面
He was wearing his shirt outside his jeans.
to
到……去
The army marched to the front line.
from
从……来
He flew from London to Paris.
(a)round
围绕……
The wind and snow still howled around them.
between
在……
之间
(指二者)
He was sitting between two old ladies.
among
在……之
间(指三
者或三
者以上)
We stood there among piles of wooden boxes.
across
横过、
越过……
Pipes carry oil across the desert.
through
穿过……
We drove through the tunnel.
onto
向上
A strong wind arose and blew our boat onto the rock.
into
进入……
The olives were packed into jars by hand.
out of
从……
出来
Julia ran out of the room.
续 表
介词
图 示
意 义
例 句
along
沿着
He drove his car along East Street.
up
向上
The child climbed up three stairs without help.
down
向下
She nailed down the corners of the carpet.
考点三 常用介词区别
表示时间的in,on,at
at表示片刻的时间;in表示一段时间;on总是与日子有关
表示时间的since,from
since指从过去到现在的一段时间,和完成时连用;from指从时间的某一点开始
表示时间的in,after
in指在一段时间之后;after表示某一具体时间点之后或用在过去时的一段时间中
表示地理位置的in,on,to
in表示在某范围内;on指与什么毗邻;to指在某环境范围之外
表示“在……上”的on,in
on只表示在某物的表面上;in表示占去某物一部分
表示“穿过”的through,across
through表示从内部通过,与in有关;across表示在表面上通过,与on有关
表示“关于”的about,on
about指涉及;on指专门论述
between与among的区别
between表示在两者之间;among用于三者或三者以上的中间
表示“用”的in,with和by
with表示使用具体的工具;in表示使用某种材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音;表示使用交通方式多用by,名词前不加冠词,用in或on时,名词前要加冠词
as与like的区别
as意为“作为,以……地位或身份”;like意为“像……一样”,指情形相似
in与into的区别
in通常表示位置(静态);into表示动向,不表示目的地或位置
表示“除……之外”的介词
besides表示包含,“除……之外还有……”;except表示排除,“除……之外”,不放在句首;but表示排除,多与nobody,none,no one,nothing,anything,everyone,all,who等连用;except for表示“除……之外”,常在说明基本情况后,从细节上加以修正。apart from表示“此外,除……之外还有……”,相当于besides/as well as
续 表
表示原因的介词
for表示原因,常与sorry,famous,punish,praise,thank,blame等词连用;at指情感变化的原因,意为“因听到或看到……而……”;from指“外在的原因”,如受伤、车祸、劳累等;of指“内在的原因”,如疾病、饥饿、年老等;with指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因;by表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因
考点四 常用介词短语
at
at lunch在吃午饭;at table在吃饭;at school在上学;at peace在和平时期;at first=at the beginning初期;at the beginning of在……的初始阶段;at the end of...在……结束时
in
in a sense从某种意义上说;in common共同,共有;in place在适当的位置;in practice在实践中,实际上;in public公开地,当众;in turn依次,轮流,反过来;in case以免,万一;in detail详细地;in office在执政;in power当权,在执政;in progress在进行中;in return作为回报;in time及时,最终;in the way挡路;in exchange for用以交换……;in favour of同意,支持;in the meanwhile同时;in spite of不管,不顾;in terms of就……来说;in addition to此外,除……以外
on
on behalf of代表;on condition that以……作为条件;on sale出售;on strike在罢工;on the increase正在增加;on the go忙个不停;on the air正在广播;on the contrary相反
under
under control在控制之中;under discussion在讨论中;under development在发展中;under construction在建设中;under repair在修理中
for
for lack of由于缺乏;for the benefit of为了……的利益;as for就……而论,关于
续 表
by
by chance=by accident偶然,碰巧;by name用名字,名叫;by far到目前为止
out of
out of order发生故障,失调;out of place不得其所的,不适当的;out of control失去控制;out of one’s reach某人够不着的地方;out of the question不可能;out of question毫无疑问
of+抽
象名词
of great value=very valuable;of great help=very helpful;of great importance=very important;of great use=very useful;of significance=significant;of interest=interesting;of benefit=beneficial
to+
one’s+
情感
名词
amazement (惊奇),admiration (羡慕),annoyance (烦恼),astonishment (惊奇),delight (欣喜),amusement (娱乐),despair(绝望),disappointment(失望),embarrassment(难堪),happiness(幸福),horror (恐怖),joy (高兴),puzzlement (疑惑),relief (放心),satisfaction (满意),regret (遗憾),shame (羞愧),sorrow (悲伤),surprise (惊讶)
注意1.of+抽象名词=形容词
①of+great/much+抽象名词=very+形容词
②of+no+抽象名词=not+形容词
Thebookisofgreatvaluetoourresearch.
这本书对我们的研究有很大的价值。
Iregrettohaveboughtabookofnouse.
我非常后悔买了一本没有用的书。
IfindEnglishofvitalimportance.
我认为英语极为重要。
2.to与情感名词连用,表示“某种行动后产生的感觉”。
to+one’s+情感名词=tothe+情感名词+ofsb.
Toourgreatsurprise,theboyliedtotheteacher.
令我们非常吃惊的是,那个男孩对老师撒谎了。
专项训练巩固提升
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.We’ll be free tomorrow,so I suggest a visit the history museum.
2.Mom told me that nothing red looked good against my skin.
3.“We didn’t know what had happened her,” said the woman at the door.
4. electricity,life would not be so convenient today.
5.Cinderella left her shoe on the stairs purpose.
6. reality,it’s the chair that does the important work.
7.So scientists have come up a shocking idea.
8. the way,what’s your name?
9.We can hardly believe such a young boy should have traveled around the world all himself.
10.He was wearing dark glasses to protect his eyes the sun.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.My aunt advised my sister to marry Henry,but she married with Frank at last.
2.From this experience,I have realized a good decision benefits from people.
3.We can finish the work either this week or in next week.
4.More than one official has served for the people heart and soul.
5.You are required to write your story with your own words.
6.We walked down the stairs instead taking the elevator.
7.I have made rapid progress under the help of my teacher.
8.This term I joined in the Chinese painting club in our school.
9.An incident happening in a rainy Sunday afternoon changed my attitude.
10.Because eating too much without much exercise,he has put on weight.
Ⅲ.语法填空
A pet shop is to provide the first ever pet and human first aid training course 1. their team of 600 shop floor staff at stores 2. the US.
The full day course will cover two parts with the first half focused 3. humans and the second stage on dog and cat first aid.Topics covered will include varieties 4. daily situations that require first aid skills such as dealing 5. minor injuries,shock and unconsciousness.
Lucy Ross,Head of Training at Pets Corner,said, “At Pets Corner,we have always tried to apply an honest and moral approach 6. everything that we do and this includes having the best trained staff in the industry.Every human customer 7. well as their pet animals is also welcome into our stores—so it makes sense that our staff’s first aid knowledge extends 8. the standard expectations.It’s our mission to provide all of our staff 9. the tools and knowledge they need to feel confident 10. helping both pets and customers.”
Ⅳ.短文改错
Joshua Lionel Cowen was born in August 25,1877 in New York City.When he was seven,he made a toy train out of wood with an engine was built in it.Later,the engine blew up and his family didn’t blame him.At the age 23,he worked in a fan company.He fixed a battery-powered fan motor in a wooden train.Then he sends the wooden train to a toy store,and there it replaced the train pushing round by hand,and was showed in the shop window.Soon it was popular with the customers who brought Christmas gift.It was because of his invention which the company took off.Success comes from practice.If you have any good idea,put it into practice,and eventual one day,you will succeed like Joshua Lionel Cowen.
专题四 形容词和副词
核心考点课堂突破
高考感悟
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Landing on the moon’s far side is (extreme) challenging.
2.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and offices. (certain) during the holiday period,this plant is a must.
3.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)The (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds(蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.
4.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their (fine) work,so that he could choose the best.
5.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)As the small boat moved, (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.
6.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)In the 18th and 19th centuries, (wealth) people travelled and collected plants,historical objects and works of art.
7.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been (poor) studied.
8.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements,leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are (high) than they actually are.
9.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)Her years of hard work have (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire’s Woman of the Year.
10.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)“...We are so proud of her.It’s (wonder).”
11.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)They also shared with us many (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were (huge) popular with tourists.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Today I tried cooking a simply dish myself.
2.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)I’m surely you’ll have a good time.
3.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)In order to make surely all of us are in good health,she makes special plans for us.
4.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)My mom is really concerning with the health of everyone in our family.
5.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Best of luck with your learning kung fu in China.See you sooner.
6.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident.
7.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground.
8.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)First,I wanted to be a fireman,whose uniform looked so coolly.
9.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷) Then,when I was in the fifth grade,I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much.
考点归纳
考点一 复合形容词的构成
形容词+
名词+ed
kind-hearted
名词+
形容词
world-famous
形容词+
形容词
dark-blue
名词+
现在分词
peace-loving
形容词+
现在分词
ordinary-looking
名词+
过去分词
snow-covered
副词+
现在分词
hard-working
数词+
名词+ed
three-legged
副词+过
去分词
newly-built
数词+名词
twenty-year
考点二 形容词作定语的位置
形容词作定语通常前置,但在下列情况后置:
修饰some,any,every,no和body,thing,one等构成的复合不定代词时
nobody absent,everything possible
以-able,-ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后
the best book available,the only solution possible
alive,alike,awake,aware,asleep等可以后置
the only person awake
和空间、时间、单位连用时
a bridge 50 meters long
成对的形容词可以后置
a huge room simple and beautiful
形容词短语一般后置
a man difficult to get on with
考点三 副词的分类
时间
副词
soon,now,early,finally,once,recently
频度
副词
always,often,frequently,seldom,never
地点
副词
here,nearby,outside,upwards,above
疑问
副词
how,where,when,why
方式
副词
gently,hard,well,fast,slowly,excitedly,really
连接
副词
how,when,where,why,whether,however,
meanwhile
程度
副词
extremely,simply,surely,so,almost,nearly,very,fairly,quite,rather
关系
副词
when,where,why
考点四 形容词与副词的比较级和最高级构成
1.形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成规则
◆规则变化
构 成
例词
原级
比较级
最高级
单音节词一般情况下直接加-er和-est
small
smaller
smallest
great
greater
greatest
hard
harder
hardest
以e结尾的单音节词和少数以-ble结尾的双音节词加-r和-st
fine
finer
finest
cute
cuter
cutest
able
abler
ablest
以一个辅音字母结尾,且前面只有一个元音字母的词,双写辅音字母后再加-er和-est
fat
fatter
fattest
thin
thinner
thinnest
hot
hotter
hottest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,先把y变为i再加-er和-est
easy
easier
easiest
happy
happier
happiest
early
earlier
earliest
少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词,加-er和-est
clever
cleverer
cleverest
narrow
narrower
narrowest
其他双音节和多音节的形容词或副词一般在前面加more和most
careful
more careful
most careful
popular
more
popular
most popular
efficiently
more
efficiently
most efficiently
特别提醒①有少数几个双音节形容词,既可以加-er和-est,又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词是:common,handsome,quiet,wicked,pleasant,cruel,stupid和以-ow,-er结尾的词。
②有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度,因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有:right(正确的),wrong(错误的),excellent(优秀的),favourite(最喜爱的),possible(可能的),empty(空的)等。
◆不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
good,well
better
best
bad,ill
worse
worst
many,much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther/further
farthest/furthest
old
older/elder
oldest/eldest
2.形容词和副词比较等级常见句式
项 目
例 句
as...as.../not so (as)...as...,意为“和……(不)一样……”
She is as tall as her mother.
I am not as/ so good a player as you are.
比较级 (+ than),意为“一方比另一方……”
This picture is more beautiful than that one.
I have never seen a more interesting film.
续 表
项 目
例 句
less +原级+than,意为“一方不及另一方……”
This room is less beautiful than that one.
the +比较级,the +比较级,意为“越……越……”
The harder you work,the more progress you will make.
“否定词+比较级”表示最高级意义
I have never spent a more worrying day.
more...than...,意为“与其……倒不如……”
He is more shy than unfriendly.
以-ior结尾的形容词,与to搭配。如:junior,senior,superior,prior,inferior等
The book is superior to that one I just finished reading.
no+比较级+than两者都不
This book is no more interesting than that once.
The+比较级+of the two两者中较为……
the older of the two
注意1.可以修饰比较级的程度副词有:still,rather,much,many,alot,even,far,abit,alittle,byfar,agreatdeal
2.常用as...as结构的词组:
(1)aslongas只要
(2)asfaras远到……;就……而言
(3)assoonas一……就……
(4)aswellas既……又;和……一样好
(5)asgoodas与……几乎一样;几乎;简直是;和……一样好
(6)as...aspossible尽可能……
(7)asbusyasabee非常忙碌
考点五 倍数的表达
A is+倍数+比较级+than+B
This building is three times higher than that one.
A is+倍数+as+原级+as+B
This building is three times as high as that one.
续 表
A is+倍数+the+名词(size,length,height 等)+of+B
This building is three times the height of that one.
A is+倍数+that+of+B
The output of this year is 3 times that of 2019.
A is+倍数+what引导的名词性从句
The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2019.
考点六 常用的分词形容词和副词
有些动词的分词可以用作形容词,在该形容词后加-ly 则可以构成相应的副词。
形容词
副 词
exciting令人兴奋的
excited兴奋的
excitingly令人兴奋地
excitedly兴奋地
disappointing令人失望的
disappointed失望的
disappointingly令人失望地
disappointedly失望地
surprising令人吃惊的
surprised吃惊的
surprisingly令人吃惊地
surprisedly吃惊地
shocking令人震惊的
shocked震惊的
shockingly令人震惊地
shockedly震惊地
amazing令人惊奇的
amazed感到惊奇的
amazingly令人惊奇地
amazedly感到惊奇地
interesting有趣的
interested感兴趣的
interestingly有趣地
interestedly感兴趣地
embarrassing令人尴尬的
embarrassed感到尴尬的
embarrassingly令人尴尬地
embarrassedly感到尴尬地
confusing令人感到困惑的
confused感到困惑的
confusingly令人感到困惑地
confusedly感到困惑地
专项训练巩固提升
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.In fact,1924 is often considered the beginning of a (true) modern Olympic era.
2.Raymond’s parents wanted him to have the (good) possible education.
3.The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayed here (early).
4.The final score of the basketball match was 93-94.We were only (narrow) beaten.
5.Alan is a careful driver,but he drives the least (careful) of my friends.
6.She devoted herself (entire) to her research and it earned her a good reputation in her field.
7.The committee is discussing the problem right now.It will (hope) have been solved by the end of next week.
8.Scientists hope that these precautions will prevent any (far) damage to the paintings.
9.Bob ran the 100 meters in 9.91 seconds,and I have not seen a (good) one this year.
10.Mr Smith used to smoke (heavy) but he has given it up.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.He had such many falls that he was black and blue all over.
2.Although the climate and the landscape are pleased,people lead a tough life there.
3.I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together.
4.I could good remember the incident that happened on the cold Monday evening.
5.Unfortunate,there are too many people in my family.
6.I went to visit her this morning,but she got very much angry with me for spending my money on flowers.
7.After an hour or so we began to feel very frightening.
8.After learning the basics of the subject,nothing else seemed very practically to me.
9.Located in North America,Canada is the second large country with the largest number of lakes in the world.
10.Nothing is much easy to defeat you when you often assess yourself negatively.
Ⅲ.语法填空
Some time ago,a friend of mine,who worked in a part of the city I didn’t know very 1. (good),invited me to call on him.It took me hours to get there and I took 2.(greatly) trouble to find a proper spot to park my car.As I was already three-quarters of an hour late,I parked my car 3. (quick).
At noon,just as I was leaving my friend’s office,it 4.(sudden) struck me that I had no idea where I had parked my car.I could 5. (hard) go up to a policeman and tell him that I had lost a small green car somewhere!Walking down the street,I examined each car 6. (close) and was very happy to see a small green car just behind an old car.But How 7. (disappoint) I was to discover that though the car was 8.(exact) like my own,it belonged to someone else!Feeling quite 9. (tire),I went off for lunch.Some time 10. (late),I left the restaurant and walked down the street.Turning the corner,I nearly jumped for joy:my car was right in front of me,and there was no problem this time.
Ⅳ.短文改错
Mr Page,
How are you doing?
It’s a honour to invite you to our school give a lecture to the students.What the students are interesting in is what Princeton University is like.However,the students are eager to know that how they can be admitted by the university.Busy as you are,you are still willingly to prepare for the lecture.Here,I expressed gratitude to you on behalf of all the students.What’s worse,the lecture will be holding between 4:00 pm to 5:00 pm next Tuesday in the lecture hall in the second floor of the school main building.
Hope to see you then.
Yours,
Li Hua
专题五 主谓一致和动词的时态、语态
核心考点课堂突破
高考感悟
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe(探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess— (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
2.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)“This really excites scientists,”Carle Pieters,a scientist at Brown University,says,“because it (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon (construct).”
3.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)This is why decorating with plants,fruits and flowers (carry) special significance.
4.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)The artist was sure he would (choose),but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister,the old man laughed.
5.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的) artist,they smiled and (point) down the river.
6.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane,for example, (form) the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759.
7.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)The parts of a museum open to the public (call) galleries or rooms.
8.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Often,only a small part of a museum’s collection (be) on display.
9.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements,leading to a belief that populations are increasing.
10.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award,proud Irene (declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.
11.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)Irene said,“I don’t see any reason to give up work.I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I (make) over the years...”
12.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)Our host shared many of their experiences and (recommend) wonderful places to eat,shop,and visit.
13.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)On the last day of our week-long stay,we (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars,listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Actually,I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old.
2.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)For example,every morning,my dad has to have a bowl of egg soup while I had to eat an apple.
3.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)My dad don’t like the soup and I don’t enjoy apples.
4.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)There were two reasons for the decision.One was that I was amazed at the fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor.And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.
5.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)I’ve had many dreams since I was a child.Now my dream is to open a cafe.Though it may appear simple,it required a lot of ideas and efforts.
考点归纳
一、主谓一致
考点 主谓一致一览表
主语情况
谓语
例句
单数名词、非谓语动词、短语或从句作主语
单数
A sheep eats grass.
The word means very good.
To work hard is necessary.
What he said was wrong.
Air is very important to us.
Teaching English carries significance.
用and 或both...and 连接的并列主语
复数
He and I were classmates at that time.
Both bread and butter are sold out.
用and 连接的并列主语如指的是同一个人、同一事物(and 后的名词没有冠词)或主语前分别有each,every,no等修饰时
单数
The girl’s teacher and friend is young.
Bread and butter(=The bread with butter on it)is daily food in the west.
Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.
不定代词either,neither,each,none,the other,another,anyone,someone,something,everybody,everything,nobody等作主语时
单数
Each of the girls has an apple.
Somebody is waiting for you at the gate.
Everything around us is matter.
主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有but,except,besides,as well as,with,like等连接的其他名词
单数
She as well as her friends likes this film.
My sister,like you and Tom,is very clever.
由a lot of/lots of/plenty of+名词/分数/百分数+名词作主语时,视名词的数而定
单数
复数
Three-fifths of the water is dirty.
30 percent of them are against the plan.
表示复数意义的名词,people,police等作主语时
复数
People are talking about the news.
The police haven’t arrived.
有些集体名词family,class,group,team等作主语时,若看作一个整体,谓语用单数;若视为每一个成员,谓语用复数
视具体情
况而定
His family has moved to Shanghai.
His family are all fond of music.
Their class is very big.
The class are waiting for a new teacher.
who ,what ,which ,all ,more ,most ,some,any ,half ,none ,the rest等作主语
视情况而定
Who is a doctor?
Who are league members?
Most of them are young men.
Most of the water is dirty.
表示时间、距离、重量、数字、钱等的复数名词作整体看待时
单数
Thirty years is not a long time.
Five dollars is quite enough.
以-ics结尾的学科名词如politics,maths及news属形复意单名词,及书报名、国名等复数名词作主语
单数
Physics seems to be difficult to me.
The United States is a developed country.
续 表
主语情况
谓语
例句
用or,either...or,neither...nor,not only...but also 等连接的并列主语
与靠近的
主语一致
Either you or I am wrong.
Not only we but also the teachers are wrong.
由there或here引起的句子,主语又不止一个,其谓语动词通常和邻近的那个主语一致
与第一个
主语一致
There is a pen and some books on the desk.
There are some books and a piece of paper on the desk.
注意1.不定代词all,some,any等作主语时,有以下两种情况:(1)单独作主语时,视其上下文或文中的意义而定。谓语动词可用单数或复数。(2)后接of或直接修饰名词时,其后若是不可数名词,动词用单数,若是可数名词复数,则谓语动词用复数。如:
Allthethingsareinthecarnow.
Nowallthefoodisinthebasket.
Allgoeswell.
2.“thenumberof+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词常用单数,因其意思是“……的数量”;而“anumberof+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词应用复数,因anumberof的意思是“许多,大量(≈many)”。如:
Atthebeginningofthisyear,thenumberofstudentswasover1700intheschool.
Anumberoftreeswereplantedyesterday.
二、动词的时态和语态
考点一 动词时态一览表
动词的时态一共有16种,以ask为例,将其各种时态的构成形式列表如下:
现在时
过去时
将来时
过去将来时
一般
ask/asks
asked
shall/will ask
should/would ask
进行
am/is/are asking
was/were asking
shall/will be asking
should/would be asking
完成
have/has asked
had asked
shall/will have asked
should/would have asked
完成
进行
have/has been asking
had been asking
shall/will have been asking
should/would have been asking
考点二 一般现在时
1.一般现在时的构成
一般现在时主要由动词原形表示,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词形式一般由动词原形后加-s或-es构成。其变化规则如下:
情况
变化规则
例词
一般情况
直接加-s
mean—means
learn—learns
come—comes
play—plays
want—wants
need—needs
续 表
情况
变化规则
例词
结尾为-s,-x,
-sh,-ch或-o
在词尾加-es
pass—passes
discuss—discusses
teach—teaches
wash—washes
fix—fixes
go—goes
结尾为“辅音
字母+y”
变y为i再加-es
carry—carries
cry—cries
study—studies
worry—worries
2.一般现在时的用法
表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态
Father always reads newspaper after breakfast.
表示主语现在的性格、特征、能力
Does he like sports?
表示客观事实或普遍真理
Light goes faster than sound.
表示按时刻表、日程表、课程表等规定将要发生的动作
The train starts at 10 o’clock in the morning.
用于时间和条件状语从句中代替一般将来时
I will tell him about it as soon as I see him next Monday.
考点三 一般将来时
构成
用法
例句
will/shall+动词原形
表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态
My sister will be ten next year.
be going to+动词原形
表示打算、计划、即将做某事,或表示很有可能要发生某事
It’s going to clear up.
We’re going to have a party tonight.
be+doing进行时表示将来
go,come,start,move,leave,arrive等词可用进行时表示按计划即将发生的动作
He is moving to the south.
Are they leaving for Europe?
be about to +动词原形
表示安排或计划中的马上就要发生的动作,后面一般不跟时间状语
I was about to leave when the bell rang.
The meeting is about to close.
be to +动词原形
表示按计划进行或征求对方意见
We’re to meet at the school gate at noon.
一般现在时表示将来
时刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情,可用一般现在时表示将来
The meeting starts at five o’clock.
The plane leaves at ten this evening.
考点四 一般过去时
1.一般过去时的构成
一般过去时由动词的过去式表示。规则动词的过去式一般由动词原形加-ed构成,其变化规则如下:
情况
变化规则
例词
一般情况
在动词后加-ed
look—looked
watch—watched
stay—stayed
expect—expected
以-e结尾的动词
后加-d
hope—hoped
like—liked
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词
变y为i再加
-ed
study—studied
try—tried
copy—copied
carry—carried
以重读闭音节或/r/音节结尾,词尾只有一个辅音字母时
双写词尾的辅音字母再加-ed
stop—stopped
clap—clapped
plan—planned
prefer—preferred
admit—admitted
permit—permitted
2.一般过去时的用法
表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态
She suddenly fell ill yesterday.
We didn’t have classes last week.
表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作
I went to the cinema once a week when I was at school.
在条件、时间状语从句中代替一般过去将来时
He said he would not go if it rained.
注意表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作,也可以用would+动词原形或用usedto加动词原形。
考点五 现在进行时
1.现在进行时的构成
现在进行时的构成形式为:am/is/are+v.-ing。v.-ing形式的变化规则如下:
情况
变化规则
例词
一般情况
在词尾直接加-ing
work—working
look—looking
study—studying
以不发音的e结尾的动词
去e再加
-ing
have—having
face—facing
take—taking
write—writing
以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母
双写该辅音字母再加-ing
cut—cutting
put—putting
swim—swimming
begin—beginning
续 表
情况
变化规则
例词
以-ie结尾的动词
变ie为y再加-ing
lie—lying
tie—tying
die—dying
2.现在进行时的用法
表示此时此刻正在进行的动作
Sorry,I’m busy right now.I am filling in an application form for a new job.
go,come,leave,arrive,return,stop,start,begin,meet等动词的现在进行时可以表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作
I’m leaving for Beijing tomorrow.
与always,constantly,forever,continually,all the time 等连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有不满、抱怨或者赞赏等感情色彩
He is always helping others.
She is constantly worrying about her son’s health.
3.不宜用进行时的动词
表示心理状态、情感的动词
know,realize,think(that),suppose(that),doubt,forget,remember,understand,regard,like,love,hate,care,believe,want,wish,agree,mean,need等
表示状态的动词
be,have,belong,own,possess,suit,fit,contain,depend,appear,exist,lie,remain,seem,turn out等
表示短暂性、一次性动作的动词
allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,complete等
表示感觉的动词
see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,look等
考点六 现在完成时
构成
have/has+过去分词
用法
所表示的动作在说话之前已完成,而对现在有影响,句中没有具体的时间状语
I have spent all of my money (so far).(含义:现在我没有钱花了。)
Guo Zijun has (just/already) come.(含义:郭子君现在在这儿。)
My father has gone to work.(含义:我爸爸现在不在这儿。)
现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去,持续到现在,也许还会持续下去。常与for...和 since...等表示一段时间的状语或 so far等表示包括现在时间在内的状语连用
Mary has been ill for three days.
I have lived here since 1998.
There have been three accidents here so far this year.
还可用在时间和条件状语从句中,表示将来某时完成的动作,强调此动作先于主句动作发生
I’ll go to your home when I have finished my homework.
Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.
考点七 过去进行时
构成
was/were+v.-ing
用法
表示过去某个时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作
It was raining when they left the station.
过去进行时表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作
She asked whether he was coming back for lunch.
考点八 过去将来时
构成
was/were going to+动词原形;would/should+动词原形
用法
表示在过去预计将来的某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态
I thought that Jack was going to write a letter to his father.
You knew I would come.
考点九 过去完成时
构成
had+过去分词
用法
表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已发生的动作,即发生在“过去的过去”
When I came home from work, she had finished her homework.
表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图,只适用于动词expect(期待),hope(希望),intend(打算),mean(打算),suppose(料想),think(认为),want(想要)等
We had hoped that you would be able to visit us.
I had meant to come, but something happened.
考点十 现在完成进行时
构成
have/has been+ v.-ing
用法
表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在或离现在不远的时间。其动作是否继续下去,则由上下文而定;可以表重复性动作,也可以带有感情色彩
Jack has been phoning Jane every night for the last week.
It has been raining for 2 days.(表达说话者“抱怨”的感情色彩。)
I have been hoping to have a car of my own.
考点十一 几组时态的区别
一般过
去时
一般过去时只涉及一个纯过去的动作,凡有明确的过去时间的均用过去时,一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”,和现在毫无关系
Were you at school yesterday?昨天你在学校吗?(问的是昨天的事情。但对今天没什么影响。)
现在
完成时
现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果,动作到现在刚完成或还在继续
I have just finished my homework.我刚刚写完作业。(看上去好像是过去才发生的事情,但是对我现在有了影响。因为写完了作业,就可以做自己想做的事情。)
续 表
过去
完成时
过去完成时指的是相对于过去的某一特定时间更早发生的动作,发生在“过去的过去”,即过去完成时至少涉及两个过去的动作
When he came in,I had had my supper.他进来时,我就已经吃完晚餐了。(吃在进来之前,所以用过去完成时。)
考点十二 固定结构中的时态
hardly...when...,no sooner...than...“一……就……”
主句时态用过去完成时,从句时态用一般过去时
Hardly had I opened the door when Tom came in.
This/That/It is/was the first/second...time+that从句“是……次做某事”
若主句中为is,则从句时态用现在完成时;若为was,则从句时态用过去完成时
This is the first time we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family.
It+be...before...
“要过……才”或“在……以后才”
若be动词用一般过去时,则before 从句中常用一般过去时;若be动词用将来时,则before 从句中常用一般现在时
I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long,but it’ll still be some time before Brian gets back.
was/were doing...when“正在做某事,这时(突然)”
在when引导的从句中,谓语动词用过去式
I was about to leave when he came in.
I had just locked the door when I realised I had left my key on the kitchen table.
was/were about to do...when...“正要做某事,这时(突然)”
had done...when“刚做完某事,这时(突然)”
It is/has been+时间段+since
since从句用过去时。该句型表某个动作持续多久。但若since后跟延续性动词,要翻译成否定含义,即“没做某事已经多久了”
It has been three years since he worked here.
他不在这工作已经三年了。
It has been three years since he smoked.
他已经戒烟三年了。
It has been three years since he began to smoke.
他吸烟有三年了。
考点十三 八种时态的标志词
一般
现在时
often,usually,always,sometimes,never,seldom,every week/day/year/month...,once a week,on Sundays
续 表
一般
过去时
ago,yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week/year/night/month...,in 1989,just now,at the age of five,one day,ago,long ago,once upon a time,then(那时),on that day,the other day(几天以前)
现在
进行时
now,these days,at this moment/time
过去
进行时
at this time yesterday,at that time或“when+一般过去时从句”,at 1:00 last night
现在
完成时
recently,recent years,these days/years,lately,since,for+时段(但还在延续),in the past few years,ever since,in the last/past five months,up to now,since then,so far,ever,never,yet,lately,once,twice,three/four times...,already,before,just
过去
完成时
before,by the end of last year/term/month
一般
将来时
tomorrow,next day/week/month/year...,soon,in a few minutes,by...,the day after tomorrow,in the future
过去
将来时
the next day/morning/year...,the following month/week...
考点十四 主动语态表示被动意义
系动词+形容词
look,sound,feel,smell,taste,prove,appear
The soup smells good but tastes terrible.
不及物动词与状语连用,用以表示主语的品质和状态
cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep
This kind of material washes easily.
The pen writes smoothly.
Meat won’t keep long in such hot weather.
表开始、结束、运动的动词
begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,run
The shop closes at 6 p.m.every day.
有些表示“需要”的动词后加动词的-ing形式
need,require,want,be worth
Your hair wants cutting.
The floor requires washing.
The book is worth reading.
不定式在某些形容词之后,且与主语有动宾关系
hard,difficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible
The question is difficult to answer.
The box is heavy to carry.
The project is impossible to complete in a year.
考点十五 动词的被动语态
被动语态
构成
被动语态
构成
一般现在时
am/is/are asked
过去进行时
was/were being asked
一般过去时
was/were asked
现在完成时
have/has been asked
一般将来时
shall/will be asked
过去完成时
had been asked
过去将来时
should/would be asked
将来完成时
will/would have been asked
现在进行时
am/is/are being asked
含有情态
动词的
can/must/may be asked
注意(1)被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not,短语动词的被动语态不可漏掉其中的介副词。固定结构begoingto,usedto,haveto,hadbetter变为被动语态时,只需将其后的动词变为被动语态。如:
Treesshouldnotbeplantedinsummer./Theboywasmadefunofbyhisclassmates.
Newspapersusedtobesentherebythelittlegirl.
(2)下面动词或动词短语没有被动语态:
leave,enter,reach,become,benefit,cost,equal,contain,last,lack,fit,fail,have,appear,happen,occur,belongto,takeplace,breakout,comeabout,agreewith,keepupwith,consistof,haveon,loseheart等。
考点十六 特殊形式的被动结构
be+过去分词+不定式
He is reported to have broken a world record.据报道他打破了世界纪录。
It+be+过去分词+从句
It is believed that...人们相信;It is generally considered that...一般认为;It is said that...据说;It is well known that...众所周知;It must be pointed out that...必须指出的是;It is supposed that...应该是;It is reported that...据报道;It must be admitted that...需要承认的是;It is hoped that...希望
get+过去分词
get married 结婚;get hurt 受伤;get lost 迷路;get caught/stuck/trapped 被困
专项训练巩固提升
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.It was raining lightly when I (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.
2.I was on my way home after shopping and saw a small dog running across the very busy street I (travel) on.
3.At present more and more people (buy) clothes online to save time and money.
4.Every one except Tom and John (be) there when the meeting began.
5.Leaving the less important things until tomorrow (be) often acceptable.
6.Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she (teach) a class at that time.
7.Just an hour ago he told me on the phone that he (come) home right after his work.
8.Tomb Sweeping Day is a time to remember the dead.It is a major Chinese festival which (fall) in early spring.
9.Usually Beijing Roast Duck (serve) together with special pancakes,green onions and sweet sauce.
10.Just as I got to the school gate,I realized I (leave) my keys in the library.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.It was the first time that I have lived away from my home,so I found it difficult to fit in.
2.Planning so far ahead make no sense—so many things will have changed by next year.
3.When we arrived there,it had snowed heavily the day before and there was terrible storms.
4.A friend of mine was returned to his house after a holiday only to find it had been broken into.
5.The one who always listen to others tends to be easy-going.When he is in trouble,his friends will be willing to help him.
6.Perhaps it will be a long time before they will come from abroad.
7.My father has employed at this job since 1990.
8.The lion regarded as the king in the animal world so it represents power.
9.I was told that China was belonged to the developing countries.
10.Great changes have been taken place in my school.
Ⅲ.语法填空
When he was a little boy,Christopher Cookerell once watched his mother turn the wheel of her sewing machine with her hand.
“Wouldn’t it work quickly if a machine 1. (turn) the wheel for you?” he asked.“I suppose it would,” 2. (say) his mother,without paying him any attention.
Christopher knew she always 3. (have) a lot of work,and he wanted to help her.Up in his bedroom there was a toy steam-engine which his father 4. (buy) him as a gift.“I will make better use of it,” little Christopher said to himself.So,when his mother 5. (not use)her sewing machine,he fixed the toy steam-engine onto it.When the job 6. (finish),he was quite pleased,thinking his mother 7. (like) it.
“Very clever,” his mother said when she saw it.Then she 8. (sit) down and went on turning the wheel by hand.“I 9. (work) like this for too many years,” she explained.
This taught Christopher Cookerell the lesson that anyone who 10. (try) to improve anything has to learn: many people don’t like new ideas.
Ⅳ.短文改错
My grandfather and I enjoy fishing.
One Sunday morning we go fishing at a lake.We took ours fishing poles and headed for the lake.As soon as we arrived,so we dropped the lines into the water.Before waiting for about half an hour,I was beginning to get impatiently.I wanted to give up,and my grandfather told me to wait a little longer.Finally,there were a sudden pull at the pole and fish caught.Within the next few minute,my grandfather also caught a fish.
Felt hungry,we made a fire by the lake and barbecued the fish.It was delicious.
专题六 非谓语动词
核心考点课堂突破
高考感悟
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
2.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)They represent the earth (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
3.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)They make great gifts and you see them many times (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
4.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)They are easy (care) for and make great presents.
5.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)The next morning he hired a boat and set out (find) the well-known painter.
6.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds (surround) the mountain tops,he was reduced to tears.
7.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive (perform) consistently over a large area.
8.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)Scientists have responded by (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements,leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are.
9.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman of the Year” for (be)Britain’s oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week.
10.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award,proud Irene declared she had no plans to (retire) from her 36-year-old business.
11.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)On the last day of our week-long stay,we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
12.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)You may drink,smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of (die) early by running.
13.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)You don’t have to run fast or for long (see) the benefit.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs,and I thought it must be easy to cook.
2.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)My mom told me how to preparing it.
3.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)I tell my mom that if we’re forced eat things,we may become ill.
4.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)All the football players on the playground cheered loudly,say that I had a talent for football.
5.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)I want my cafe have a special theme such as “Tang Dynasty”.
6.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)If I succeed in manage one,I will open more.
考点归纳
考点一 非谓语动词的基本形式
类别
基本形式
一般式
进行式
完成式
不定式
to do;to be done
to be doing
to have done;to have been done
动词
-ing形式
doing;being done
—
having done;having been done
过去分词
done
考点二 非谓语动词的用法
作主语
作表语
作宾语
作定语
作状语
作补语
表具体的或一次性的动作,特别是将来的动作
1.动词的宾语
2.少数介词,如but,except后可跟不定式
3.不少形容词后可接不定式
1.表将来的动作
2.修饰被序数词、最高级或no/all/any/only等限定的词
3.用来修饰的词是抽象名词
1.表示目的
2.表示结果:only to do;enough to do;so/such...as to do;too...to do
3.表示原因或条件
表示将来动作
动词-ing
形式
表示一般性、习惯性的动作,或抽象性的动作,或表示主语的特征:①it is no use/no good/fun/nice doing...
②there is no doing...
1.动词的宾语(有些动词只接动词-ing形式)
2.介词的宾语
3.形容词后跟宾语
表示正在进行的和主动的动作(having done/having been
done不作定语)
表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等;一般式表示与主句同时进行;完成式强调发生在主句谓语动词之前
表示正在进行
过去分词
说明主语的状态,或表示被动动作
表示已经完成或被动(不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示已经完成)
与主句主语之间是被动关系
表示被动关系
考点三 非谓语动词作宾语
情况
常用动词
只接不定式作宾语的动词
hope,want,offer,long(渴望),fail,expect,wish,ask,decide,pretend,manage,agree,afford,determine,promise,happen
只接v.-ing形式作宾语的动词或短语
mind,miss,enjoy,imagine,practise,suggest,finish,escape,excuse,appreciate,admit,keep,avoid,risk,resist,consider,can’t help,feel like,succeed in,be fond of,object to,get down to,be engaged in,insist on,think of,be proud of,take pride in,set about,be afraid of,be tired of,look forward to,devote oneself to,be worth,be busy,pay attention to,stick to
续 表
情况
常用动词
begin,start,like,love,hate,prefer,continue(接不定式多指具体的动作,接动词-ing形式多指一般或习惯行为)
need,want,require,deserve (接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义,若接不定式则应用被动形式)
stop to do(停下手中正在做的事,去做另一件事)
stop doing(停止正在做的事)
remember/forget/regret to do(指动作尚未发生)
remember/forget/regret doing(指动作已经发生)
go on to do(接着做另外一件事)
go on doing(接着做同一件事)
try to do(设法,努力去做,尽力做)
try doing(试着去做)
mean to do(打算做,企图做)
mean doing(意思是,意味着)
考点四 非谓语动词作状语
形式
类别
例句
不定式
目的、原因、条件、结果
My parents will be delighted to see you.(条件)
I come here only to say good-bye to you.(目的)
We’re proud to be young people of China.(原因)
动词
-ing
形式
时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况
Being a teacher,you should help your students in every way.(原因)
He comes home late every evening,making his wife very angry.(结果)
Using your head,you’ll find a good way.(条件)
Working so hard,he failed again.(让步)
They eat using the fingers of their right hands.(方式)
He sat in the armchair,reading a newspaper.(伴随)
过去
分词
时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随、结果、让步
Born in a poor family,Nadia had only two years of schooling.(原因)
When asked her future plans,the girl said that she wanted to be a teacher.(时间)
Some medicines,if wrongly taken,can kill a person.(条件)
Encouraged by his parents,he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties.(让步)
The patient got off the bed,supported by the nurse.(方式)
The girl met with an accident when crossing the road,wounded in the head.(结果)
注意以下是独立成分作状语,其形式不受前后文的影响。如:considering...(鉴于/考虑到……);generallyspeaking(一般来说);judgingby/from...(从……来看,依据……来判断);supposingthat...(假如……);providingthat...(假如……);owingto...(由于……);speakingof...(谈及……);given...(考虑到……);providedthat...(如果……);totellthetruth(实话实说);tobehonest(老实说)等。
考点五 非谓语动词作补足语
形式
常见动词
与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念
例句
wish,want,ask,require/request,order,warn,allow/permit,forbid,expect,remind,encourage,inspire,call on,depend on(接带to的不定式作宾语补足语)
主谓关系(表主动)。强调动作即将发生或已经完成
We depend on you to help us out of trouble.
I made him do his work.
→He was made to do his work (by me).
They saw the boy fall suddenly off the tree.
→The boy was seen to fall suddenly off the tree.
see,hear,watch,feel,notice,look at等感官动词(词组)和let,make,have等使役动词后面,不定式作宾语补足语时要省略to。这样的动词可归纳为:
五看:watch,see,look at,observe,notice;
三让:let,make,have;
二听:hear,listen to;
一感觉:feel。
注意:当以上动词用于被动语态的句子中时,to要还原
续 表
形式
常见动词
与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念
例句
动词
-ing
形式
notice,see,watch,hear,find,keep,have,feel
主谓关系(表主动)。强调动作正在进行,尚未完成
I found her listening to the radio when I passed by.
过去
分词
动宾关系(表被动)。动作已经完成,多强调状态
We found the village greatly changed.
注意find,leave(使……处于某种状态),keep(使……保持某种状态)后一般跟动词-ing形式和过去分词作补足语,而不跟动词不定式。
Whatyousaidleftmethinking.
你所说的令我思考。
考点六 非谓语动词作定语
1.不定式作定语
不定式作定语可表示该动作尚未发生;被修饰的词为ability,chance,idea,fact,promise,attempt,belief等抽象名词时,一般用不定式作定语;不定式常用于不定代词或被the first/next/only/last等修饰的名词后作定语;如果作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词。
The airport tobecompleted next year will help promote tourism in this area.
明年要竣工的飞机场将有助于促进这个地区的旅游业。
He has a chance and has become the first togo abroad in our town.
他拥有一个机会而且已经成为我们镇上第一个出国的人。
He wanted to find a house tolivein.
他想找个房子住。
2.动词-ing形式作定语
当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词之间为主动关系时用动词-ing形式;当为被动关系且表示动作正在进行时用being done的形式;当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词之间为被动关系且动作已经完成时要用having been done的形式,having been done不作定语。动词-ing形式作定语一般要求其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或在说话时该动作正在进行,否则就用定语从句。动词-ing形式作定语表示被修饰词的用途时,与被修饰词之间不存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
Today there are more airplanes carrying more people than ever before in the skies.
与以前相比,现在天空中有更多的飞机来运送更多的乘客。
The houses beingbuilt are for the students.
正在盖的这些房子是给学生的。
A sleeping pill will help you to fall asleep quickly.
安眠药会帮助你很快入睡。
3.过去分词作定语
动词-ed形式作定语与被修饰词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,表示动作已完成。及物过去分词作定语表示被动和完成,少数不及物过去分词作定语只表示完成,不表被动。
The retired worker is sweeping the fallen leaves on the road.
这位退休工人正在扫路上的落叶。
考点七 独立主格结构
名词(代词)+
动词-ing
形式
The clock striking twelve,I went to bed.(表原因)
名词(代词)+
过去分词
He lay on his back in bed,his hands crossed under his head.(表伴随)
Enough time given,she will surely do the job better.(表条件)
名词(代词)+
不定式
Here are the first three volumes,the fourth one to come out next month.(表伴随)
He proposed a picnic,he himself to pay for the railway tickets and John to provide the food.(表方式)
名词(代词)+
形容词短语
Her face pale with anger,she rose to go away.(表原因)
I saw a deep pond,the water blue like the sky.(表结果)
名词(代词)
+介词短语
Then,last night,I followed him here and climbed in,sword in hand.(表方式)
Child in arms,a few women stood there chatting.(表方式)
名词(代词)
+副词短语
Summer over,the students returned to school.(表原因)
名词(代词)
+名词短语
His first shot a failure,Tom fired again.(表原因)
考点八 with的复合结构
with+宾语
+形容词
The children were listening to the teacher with their eyes wide open.(表伴随)
with+宾语
+介词短语
The old man used to take a walk with a stick in his hand.(表方式)
with+宾
语+副词
The proud girl walked away with her head up.(表方式)
with+宾语
+动词-ing
形式
Mary felt very shy with so many eyes looking at her.(表原因)
with+宾语
+过去分词
If you sit looking away from a person,or with your back turned,you are saying you are not interested in that person.(表方式)
with+宾语
+不定式
With too much work to do the next day,he felt anxious and didn’t sleep well.(表原因)
考点九 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义
be+表示特征、性质的形容词+不定式
不定式中动词要用主动式,且是及物动词或是“不及物动词+介词”的形式
常用形容词有:easy,hard,difficult,important,impossible,interesting,pleasant,nice,comfortable,safe,dangerous,cheap,fit,heavy,happy,glad,sorry,lucky,surprised,angry,able,right,ready,clever,foolish,quick,slow,polite,wrong
续 表
疑问词+不定式
I don’t know what to do.
be+不定式
blame/seek/let
He is to blame for the accident.
专项训练巩固提升
Ⅰ.单句填空
1. (dress) in a white uniform,he looks more like a cook than a doctor.
2.I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise (go) on.
3.Tom sounds very much (interest) in the job,but I’m not sure whether he can manage it.
4.He hurried to the station only (find) that the train had left.
5.The repairs cost a lot,but it’s money well (spend).
6. (find) the course very difficult,she decided to move to a lower level.
7. (eat) at the cafeteria before,Tina didn’t want to eat there again.
8.Tony lent me the money, (hope) that I’d do as much for him.
9.When (ask) for his views about his teaching job,Philip said he found it interesting and rewarding.
10.Do you wake up every morning (feel) energetic and ready to start a new day?
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.Modern people know more about health,have better food,and to live in clearer surroundings.
2.Suddenly Mary,my best friend,asked me to let her to copy my answers.
3.He had time for a proper breakfast and was still the first reach the factory.
4.I’d like very much come but I have an examination on Monday morning.
5.My parents love me of course and will do all they can make sure that I get a good education.
6.As we climbed the mountain,we fed monkeys,visiting temples and told stories.
7.I also shared with my friends many photos taking in Beijing.
8.But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports.
9.It’s like going to a huge library without have to walk around to find your books.
10.I have some records giving to me as birthday gifts.
Ⅲ.语法填空
Parents are examples of children and children are the apple of parents.In a family that attaches importance to education,parents are their kids’ guiding stars.Prevention is better than cure.Parents must learn 1. (lead) by example,but leading by example doesn’t call for perfection by any means.There is no good 2. (use) too many words.The lessons that you teach your children by 3. (do) things the right way in their presence are far more long lasting.
It is okay 4. (be)wrong as this is how we learn.So parents should encourage children 5. (admit) and correct when they happen to make mistakes.Children must learn to behave themselves:they apologize and are grateful for 6. (accept) others’ help,because there is no such thing as being too polite.You can never say “please”,“thank you” or “excuse me” too often;they refuse to lie but avoid 7. (fool);they have to manage 8. (solve) their own problems;if they make a promise,they will insist on not breaking it;they can try using tools and give up 9. (risk) leading a dangerous childhood;they enjoy eating healthy food and are expected 10. (keep) fit.
Ⅳ.短文改错
Last Friday,the evening fell,but my parents hadn’t come back home yet.I stopped doing my homework but decided to make a meal for my family instead of just wait.It was my the first cooking.I went online to find information on how cook home-style dishes.With the step-by-step direction,I managed to make a dish.Then I tried to cook other.When my parents got home,they were amazing to see the tasty dishes I made.Immediately my mum took pictures for them and my dad gave me a big hug.I real enjoyed the meal that evening.
专题七 定语从句
核心考点课堂突破
高考感悟
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)...China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
2.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)In ancient China lived an artist paintings were almost lifelike.
3.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, she opened with her late husband Les.
4.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)They were well trained by their masters had great experience with caring for these animals.
5.(2018·北京卷)She and her family bicycle to work, helps them keep fit.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Understanding her good intentions,I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation.
2.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Thank you for your letter,what really made me happy.
3.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)One afternoon where I was in primary school,I was walking by the school playground.
4.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)In the cafe,customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.
5.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)They also had a small pond,which they raised fish.
考点归纳
考点一 关系代词与关系副词
关系词
先行词
从句成分
例句
备注
who
人
主语
Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?
whom,which和that在从句中作宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略,也不可以用that
whom
人
宾语
Mr Smith is the person with whom I am working.
The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.
whose
人、物
定语
I like those books whose topics are about history.
The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.
that
人、物
主语、宾语
A plane is a machine that can fly.
She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.
which
物
主语、宾语
The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.
The picture which was about the accident was terrible.
as
人、物
主语、宾语
He is such a person as is respected by all of us.
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.
as作宾语一般不省略
when
时间
时间状语
I will never forget the day when we met there.
可用on which替换
where
地点
地点状语
This is the house where I was born.
可用in which替换
why
原因
原因状语
I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.
可用for which替换
注意1.当先行词为way,意为“方法、方式”,且在定语从句中作主语、宾语时,可用关系代词which或that;作状语时,要用inwhich或that或不填任何关系词。
Theway(that/inwhich)hefinishedthetasksuccessfullywasdifficulttounderstand.(作状语)
Theway(that/which)heexplainedtomewasnotdifficulttounderstand.(作宾语)
2.当先行词为time时,若表示“一段时间”,后面定语从句用when引导,也可用at/duringwhich;若表示“次数”,后面定语从句用that引导,that可以省略。
TherewasatimewhenwehadnoTVsets.
Thisisthesecondtime(that)thepresidenthasvisitedourcountry.
考点二 that与which,who,whom的用法区别
情况
用法说明
例句
只用
that的
情况
1.先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much等不定代词时
2.先行词被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修饰时
3.先行词有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时
4.先行词既指人又指物时
5.先行词被the only,the very修饰时
6.句中已经有who或which,为了避免重复时
He told me everything that he knows.
All the books that you offered have been given out.
This is the best film that I have ever read.
We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.
He is the only man that I want to see.
Who is the man that is making a speech?
只用
which,
who,
whom
的情况
1.在非限制性定语从句中,只能用which指代物,用who/whom指人
2.在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,只能用which指物,whom指人
3.先行词本身是that时,关系词用which,先行词为those,one,ones时多用who
He has a son,who has gone abroad for further study.
I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.
Those who respect others are usually respected by others.
考点三 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
类别
语法意义及特征
例句
限制性
定语
从句
对先行词起修饰限制作用,如果去掉,主句意思就不完整明确,这种从句与主句的关系十分密切,写时不用逗号分开
The accident happened at the time when I left.
非限制
性定语
从句
对先行词作附加的说明,与主句的关系不是十分密切,较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开,相当于一个插入语,不能用that引导,关系代词作宾语时也不能省略
His mother,whom he loved deeply,died ten years ago.
考点四 as与which的区别
定语从句
区别
例句
限制性定语从句中
名词前有such和the same修饰时,关系代词用as,不能用which
He is not such a fool as he looks.
Don’t read such books as you can’t understand.
非限制性定语从句中
as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如,像”的含义,并可以放在主句前,也可以放在后面,那么用as;而which引导的从句只能放主句后,指代主句中某物或整个句子所表达的内容
They won the game,as we had expected.
They won the game,which we hadn’t expected.
As is well known,he was a famous film star in the 1980s.
注意as多用于下列习惯用语中:
①asanybodycansee正如大家能看到的那样
②aswehadexpected正如我们所预料的那样
③asoftenhappens正如经常发生的那样
④ashasbeensaidbefore如之前所述
⑤asismentionedabove正如上面所提到的
考点五 定语从句与同位语从句的区别
that引导同位语从句时,在从句中不作任何成分,而that引导定语从句时则充当主语、宾语或表语等成分
Don’t you forget the promise (that) you made?
He makes a promise that he will make you very rich if you work with him.
what,whether和how不可以引导定语从句,但可以引导同位语从句
There is some doubt whether she will be dismissed from school.
定语从句前面的名词既可以是具体名词,也可以是抽象名词;而同位语从句所修饰的词一般是抽象名词,从句说明该名词所指的具体内容
The patient accepted the advice that smoking should be given up.(同位语从句)
This is the advice which was given by Tom.(定语从句)
专项训练巩固提升
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.She brought with her three friends,none of I had ever met before.
2.It was on the farm we worked that I got to know her.
3.A person e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.
4.You should read only such books you can understand without much difficulty.
5.Today,we’ll discuss a number of cases beginners of English fail to use the language properly.
6.The reason he wants to sell his house is that he needs a lot of money for his operation.
7.Eric received training in computer for one year,after he found a job in a big company.
8.She was pleased with the way he had accepted her criticism.
9.We shouldn’t spent our money testing so many people,most of are healthy.At the age other people retire,Francis began the greatest cause in his life.
10.They talked of things and persons they remembered in the school.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.This is the longest train which I have ever seen.
2.Which we all know,swimming is a very good sport.
3.The radio set which I bought it last week has gone wrong.
4.The day will come which the people all over the world will win liberation.
5.He is a man of great experience,from who much can be learned.
6.Chapin,for who money is now no problem,starts a new film company with his friends.
7.It was a meeting that importance I didn’t realize at that time.
8.They have decided to stay at home,that is,I think,a wise choice.
9.I’ll tell you all what he told me last week.
10.His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone whom family was poor.
Ⅲ.语法填空
The books on the desks,1. covers are shiny,are prizes for us.The book is well written and well printed.There are few,if any,mistakes in it.
This is the book 2. I have read dozens of times.When you read the book,you’d better make a mark 3.you have any questions.From this experience I have learnt that questioning can serve as a bridge 4. helps us to seek the truth.
The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication,especially at work 5. a good impression is a must.
I am looking forward to the day 6. my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.
I borrowed another book from the library last week,7.my classmate recommended to me.To be honest,I don’ really like the author.It is not such a book 8.can be considered exciting.Besides,I just can’t understand the way 9. he describes things,which might be the reason 10. his works are not widely read.
Ⅳ.短文改错
Nowadays Senior 3 students are general faced with a lot of pressure,which is rather common.To reduce it,the followed suggestions may help.First of all,know exactly what lead to your pressure,and then you can take measures to deal with it.Secondly,set up a goal what is not too high,in another words,don’t put too much pressure on yourself.Thirdly,find a way to relax you occasionally.For example,you can listen to music,go swim or just simply go walking.
Eventually,make friend with others,for example,your classmates,your teachers,your parents.They will understand you and come to your help when you are really in the trouble.In a word,never get yourself stuck in the pressure for “impossible is nothing”.
专题八 名词性从句
核心考点课堂突破
高考感悟
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.(2020·北京卷)Oliver says if you’re lucky enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking,ask them you can join in when it’s possible.
2.(2020·浙江卷)Over thousands of years,they began to depend less on could be hunted or gathered from the wild,and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
3.(2020·天津卷)The student completed this experiment to make come true Professor Joseph had said.
4.(2020·江苏卷)It is not a problem we can win the battle;it’s just a matter of time.
5.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)There is evidence they range all the way across the Arctic,and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
6.(2018·北京卷)Without his support,we wouldn’t be we are now.
7.(2018·北京卷)This is my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
8.(2018·天津卷)The gold medal will be awarded to wins the first place in the bicycle race.
9.(2018·江苏卷)By boat is the only way to get here,which is we arrived.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.(2017·天津卷)She asked me that I had returned the books to the library,and I admitted that I hadn’t.
2.(2016·全国Ⅰ卷)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.
3.(2016·全国Ⅱ卷)My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.
4.(2015·全国Ⅱ卷)After looking at the toy for some time,he turned around and found where his parents were missing.
考点归纳
考点一 名词性从句的关联词语
种类
作用
常用关联词
例句
主语
从句
在复合句中作主语,相当于名词,一般置于谓语之前,也可用it作形式主语,主语从句放主句之后
that,whether,if,as if,as though,who,whose,which,how,when,where,why,what,whatever,whoever,wherever,
whichever,whenever,
however,because
Whether he will come or not doesn’t matter much.
Whoever comes here will be welcome.
表语
从句
在复合句中作表语,相当于名词,位于系动词之后
It looks as if it is going to snow.
宾语
从句
在复合句中作宾语,相当于名词
He asked me which team could win the game.
同位
语从
句
放在名词news,problem,idea,suggestion,advice,thought,hope,fact等后,表明其具体内容
You have no idea how worried we are.
The fact that he lied again greatly surprised us.
考点二 主语从句
连接词
词义
在句中所作成分
例句
who,whom,which,whose,what
原疑问代词的意义;what更常表示the thing that/ the...that “所……的东西/……”
主语、宾语、表语、定语
Who kept the door open all night was unknown.
whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever
无论谁、无论哪个(些)、无论什么
主语、宾语、表语、定语
Whoever breaks the law will be punished.
when,where,why,how
原疑问副词的意义或“……的时间(the time when);……的地点(the place where);……的原因(the reason why);……的方式(the way that)”
状语
How this happened is not clear to anyone.
whenever/wherever/however
“无论什么时候/无论在哪里/无论怎么样”
状语
Wherever she goes is not my concern.
连词
that/whether
that无意义,whether“是否”
不作成分
Whether they would support us was a problem.
考点三 it作形式主语的常见句型
It is+名词(no wonder,an honor,a good thing,a pity,no surprise等)+that从句
It is no surprise that we will win the match.
It is+形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,funny,possible,likely,certain等)+that从句
It is certain that he will come.
It is+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced等)+that从句
It is said that Mr Smith has arrived.
考点四 宾语从句
动词+宾语从句
I want to know what he has told you.
介词+wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句
His father is worried about whether he would lose his work.
besides/beyond/but/except/that (除了)
Have you heard anything beyond that he is ill?
Criticism and self-criticism is necessary but that it helps us correct our mistakes.
续 表
find,feel,think,consider,make,believe等+it+宾语补足语+that引导的宾语从句
I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.
hate,enjoy,like,love,dislike,see to等+it+宾语从句
I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.
形容词+宾语从句
I’m sure that they can make it.
考点五 表语从句
be或者其他系动词后的从句为表语从句。that引导表语从句时不能省略
The best moment for the football star was when he scored the winning goal.
主句主语为advice,suggestion,order,request,requirement等名词时,表语从句的谓语应该用“should+动词原形”的形式,should可以省略
His suggestion is that we (should) change our course.
主语为名词reason时,表语从句的连接词用that,不用why或者because
The reason for the accident is that the driver was too careless.
because,as if,as though,as等也可引导表语从句
This is because the light we see from the sun is white.
考点六 同位语从句
常见的能接同位语从句的名词
belief,fact,hope,idea,doubt,news,conclusion,suggestion,problem,order,answer,decision,explanation,information,thought,word
引导词
同位语从句一般用that引导,但根据语境的不同,也可以用其他的连接代词和连接副词。引导同位语从句的that不能省略
例句
The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly.
The question where we shall have a meeting hasn’t been decided.
考点七 if与whether不能互换的情况
介词后用whether不用if
It depends on whether he’s ready.
不定式之前用whether,不用if
He worried whether to come.
名词之后用whether不用if
The decision whether to see her was mine alone.
whether可和or not直接连用,if一般不能
I don’t know whether or not he is ready.
引导让步状语从句用whether不用if
Whether you like it or not,you will have to do it.
如果宾语从句放在句首,用whether不用if
Whether this is true or not,I can’t say.
如果宾语从句是个否定句,用if引导不用whether引导
I don’t care if he can’t come.
考点八 that,what与which
that 引导名词性从句时,在从句中不充当任何句子成分,一般可省略;that引导定语从句时在从句作成分,只有作宾语时能省略
That he failed the exam made me surprised.(主语从句,that不充当从句成分)
what可以引导名词性从句,其意义为“……的人/物/数目等”,不能引导定语从句
He is not what he was a few years ago.
which 引导名词性从句,其意义为“哪一个”,可以指人也可以指物,是在已知的具体的人、事、物当中进行选择;引导定语从句时,只能当关系代词,在从句中作主语或宾语,且只能指物
Tell me which book you like better,the red one or the blue one?
I will buy the book which you choose for you.
专项训练巩固提升
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.Before the sales start,I make a list of my kids will need for the coming season.
2. struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son.
3.Scientists study human brains work to make computers.
4.Modern science has given clear evidence smoking can lead to many diseases.
5.Generally speaking,being hard-working is just it takes to be successful in your career.
6.The shocking news made me realize terrible problems we would face.
7.I’m afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer,which is he never finishes anything.
8.We’ve offered her the job,but I don’t know she’ll accept it.
9.It never occurred to me you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.
10.The notice came around two o’clock in the afternoon the meeting would be put off.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.All what is hard is to do good all one’s life and never do anything bad.
2.It’s uncertain that the experiment is worth doing.
3.This is a fact that English is widely used as an international language.
4.When we’ll finish translating the book depend on the time.
5.The reason why he failed in the exam was because he was too careless.
6.At the meeting he raised a question if the project would be cancelled.
7.He ordered that the injured were taken good care of.
8.The fact which she had not said anything surprised all of us.
9.When and where we shall have the lecture are not decided.
10.The news they had won the game surprised us.
Ⅲ.语法填空
Andrew was going for a sales job interview.He knew he had the least experience to get the job.In fact he wasn’t even sure 1. he’d got the interview.2. he did know was that he was very thankful for the opportunity given to him.
Though the interview 3. (go) well,it was impressed on him again 4. compared with the other candidates he didn’t have the ability 5. (get) the job.As he left the building,he gave the receptionist 6. envelope.Inside was a thank-you note for the man 7. had just interviewed him,thanking him for his time and for the opportunity.
That evening,Andrew got a call 8. (tell) him that he’d got the job.His new employer knew clearly 9. it wasn’t Andrew’s qualification that got him the job,but his thank-you note.If Andrew was able to be thankful at this stage,he would be able to build positive relationships with his customers,which was exactly 10. the company was looking for.Being grateful won Andrew the job.
Ⅳ.短文改错
Ladies and gentlemen,
Now I would like to tell you why I learn English writing.Firstly,I often recited good English articles,in which helps me think in English when I imitate English writing.Secondly,I also read English articles wide so that I can take in as many language material as possible.Thirdly,in order to make myself understand,I think it is important to learn some grammar rules,listen to the radio or practice speaking English a lot.Fourthly,I keep diary every day so that I can learn by write.Besides,I often refer to other’s articles to know what I need and what I can learn from others.
That’s all.Thank you.
专题九 并列连词和状语从句
核心考点课堂突破
高考感悟
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷) he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的) artist,they smiled and pointed down the river.
2.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)They kept their collection at home until it got too big until they died,and then it was given to a museum.
3.(2020·江苏卷)They decide to have more workers for the project it won’t be delayed.
4.(2020·天津卷)—Why do people like pop music? I hate it so much.
— it is not your style,that doesn’t mean it is bad.
5.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷) Irene said,“I don’t see any reason to give up work.I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I have made over the years.I work not because I have to, because I want to.”
6.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)On our way to the house,it was raining hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take to get there.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)First I cut the tomatoes into pieces but put them aside.
2.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)After that I poured oil into the pan and turned the stove,I waited patiently unless the oil was hot.
3.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)In order to make all of us are in good health,and she makes specific plans for us.
4.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)Suddenly a football fell just in front of me but almost hit me.
5.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)When I studied chemistry in high school,I reconsidered my goal or decided to be a doctor.
考点归纳
考点一 并列连词
连词
but“但是”,表示转折关系;and“和”,表示并列或顺承关系;or“或者/否则”,表示选择关系或转折关系;so“所以”,表示因果关系
连词
短语
not only...but also不但……而且……;neither...nor两者都不……;either...or或者……或者……;both...and两者都……
考点二 时间状语从句
关联词或短语
意义
例句
when,while,as
当……
的时候
He jumped up when the phone rang.
We listened while the teacher read.
The phone rang just as I was leaving.
(as强调主、从句动作同时或几乎同时发生;while从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词,不能是非延续性动词)
till,until
直到
Jane completed her last novel Persuasion in 1816,but it was not published until after her death.(until要与延续性动词连用;not...until 要与非延续性动词连用)
since
自从
It is two years since he joined the army.他参军两年了。
It is two years since he smoked.他戒烟两年了。
(其后所用动词不同,该动词所表示动作持续时间的计算方法也不同)
the moment,the minute,the instant,the second;no sooner...than...;hardly...when...;as soon as;directly,immediately,once
一……
就……
Tell him the news as soon as you see him.
I recognized her the moment (that) I saw her.
I want to see him the minute (that) he arrives.
I went home directly I had finished work.
Once he arrives,we can start.
考点三 结果状语从句
关联短语或结构
意义
例句
so that
结果
He didn’t plan his time well,so that he didn’t finish his work in time.
so+形容词/副词+that从句
如此……
以至于
……
Xiao Ming is so clever that all his teachers like him.
so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that从句
It is so beautiful a scenery that many people look lost in it.
so+ many/much/little/few+名词+that从句
There was so little water in the jar that it was not enough for all of us.
such+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that从句
We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.
such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that从句
They are such interesting books that I want to read them once more.
考点四 让步状语从句
关联词或短语
意义
例句
though,although
虽然
Although/Though small,the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries.(although和though用正常语序,可和yet连用,但不可和but连用)
as
虽然
Hard as/though he works,he makes little progress.=Though he works hard,he makes little progress.
(在让步状语从句中常用倒装形式,可被though替换)
even if,even though
即使
Even though/if you say so,I do not believe it.
no matter what,whatever,no matter who,whoever,no matter which,whichever,no matter how,however,no matter when,whenever
无论……
Whoever breaks laws will be punished.=No matter who breaks laws,he/she will be punished.
(“疑问词+ever”=“no matter +疑问词”,“疑问词+ever”也可以引导名词性从句)
while
尽管,虽然
While he loves his students,he is very strict with them.
(一般位于句首,用于句中时,译为“然而”,表对照对比关系)
whether...or not
无论(是否)
Whether you believe it or not,it is true.
考点五 其他状语从句
从句类型
关联词或短语
例句
原因状语从句
because,as,since,now that(既然)
Since(Now that) everybody is here,let’s begin.
条件状语从句
if,unless/if...not,as long as/so long as(只要),provided/providing(that)(倘若),on condition that(只要)
If she were not too silly,she would understand it.
I shall go providing (that) it doesn’t rain.
目的状语从句
so that(以便),in order that(以便),in case(以防万一)
Write the telephone number down in case you forget.
方式状语从句
as(按照),just as(正像),as if=as though(仿佛,好像;从句可用虚拟语气)
Don’t worry.I promise to do just as you say.
地点状语从句
where,wherever
You can pack up and go wherever you want,young fellow.
专项训练巩固提升
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.Building a skyscraper in the 21st century is much easier it used to be.
2.I haven’t heard from him he went to America.
3.To such a degree was he excited he couldn’t sleep last night.
4.You should make it a rule to leave things you can find them again.
5.Give me a chance, I’ll give you a wonderful surprise.
6.It will not be long you get accustomed to driving on the left side of the road in Britain.
7.Young she is,she has traveled to many countries to put on shows.
8.All horses are animals, not all animals are horses.
9.How can you expect to learn anything you never listen?
10.I was about to leave my house the phone rang.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.Alice was waiting for the bus then she noticed a thief running out of shop.
2.The train had just started while John and his friend arrived at the station.
3.Now that you are familiar with the topic,and please tell us about it.
4.If given something you don’t want to eat,so just refuse politely.
5.It is two months before I tried to break away from my old lifestyle.
6.Although it was raining,but they still worked in the fields.
7.Because the heavy rain,the passengers had to be trapped in the bus.
8.I had no sooner turned on the light the phone rang.
9.What difficulties we are faced with,don’t give up.
10.The waiter didn’t bring a spoon so the soup was getting a bit cold after I could eat it.
Ⅲ.语法填空
Do you want to become a dancer?If so,the earlier you start learning about 1. practicing dance,the better.Many professional dancers started taking dance lessons 2. they were children.Earning a college degree is suggested 3. anyone wants to become a dancer 4. it can help them get other work if needed.Also,dancers with a degree may have the choice of teaching dance.
Becoming a professional dancer is probably only a dream,5. it can happen if a talented person works hard.Those who wish to become dancers must be in good shape and work hard so 6. they can keep in shape.
Dancers must have creative expression,being able to express(表达) thoughts and feelings through dance.It takes practice to do this well.7. you don’t want to become a dancer,it’s usually a good idea to dance to a variety of music 8. you choose one to pursue.Dancing in a small part in a local show for low 9.even no pay may be a way to start a professional(职业的) dance career.Experience is needed to develop your style in dance.Small dancing parts lead to bigger ones 10. you are quite energetic and hardworking.
Ⅳ.短文改错
Hello,boys and girls! Today,I am going to talk with what you should do when a fire alarm go off.If you hear the alarm,stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside.Stay close to your teacher and classmate.Don’t panic or get out of line,and trying to remain quiet and calmly.Soon the firefighters will come and put out a fire.If it’s false alarm and there is no fire,your teacher will lead us back to the classroom.If you notice that when someone is missing and hurt,tell your teacher immediately.
专题十 情态动词和虚拟语气
核心考点课堂突破
高考感悟
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.(2020·天津卷)Jim says we stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy.
2.(2020·江苏卷)If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers,I not be where I am.
3.(2018·北京卷)In today’s information age,the loss of data cause serious problems for a company.
4.(2018·江苏卷)It’s strange that he have taken the books without the owner’s permission.
5.(2018·江苏卷)There is a good social life in the village,and I wish I (have) a second chance to become more involved.
6.(2018·天津卷)I can’t find my purse.I (leave) it in the supermarket yesterday,but I’m not sure.
7.(2018·北京卷)They might have found a better hotel if they (drive) a few more kilometers.
8.(2018·天津卷)If we (catch) the flight yesterday,we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach.
9.My room is a mess,but I clean it before I go out tonight.I can do it in the morning.
10.—Do you have Betty’s phone number?
—Yes.Otherwise,I able to reach her yesterday.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)I thought it must to be easy to cook.
2.(2016·全国Ⅱ卷)Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.
3.(2016·全国Ⅱ卷)We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip.
4.(2015·全国Ⅰ卷)We must found ways to protect our environment.
5.(2014·全国Ⅱ卷)We can lie on the grass for a rest,or sat by the lake listening to music.
考点归纳
一、情态动词
考点一 can与could
can表现在的能力,could主要指过去的能力。表示“过去成功做成某事”时通常用was/were able to
The little boy can speak two foreign languages.
Could the girl read before she went to school?
Everyone was able to escape when the fire broke out.
表示可能(理论上或是逻辑判断上,并不涉及此事真的发生),常译为“往往会,有时候可能会”。常用于肯定句中
Although you can find bargains in London,it’s not generally a cheap place to shop.
表示请求和允许。在问句中could语气比can要委婉
Can I have a word with you?It won’t take long.
表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中
How can you be so careless?
表示推测。常用于否定句和疑问句中,语气较强
He can’t be in the classroom;the light is not on.
cannot/can never...too/enough...表示“再……也不为过”
You can never be too careful when driving a car.
cannot but do sth./cannot help but do sth./cannot choose but do sth.表示“不得不/只好做某事”
You cannot choose but go with me.
考点二 shall
用于第二、三人称的陈述句中,表示命令、许诺、警告、强制、威胁、决心等;此外,颁布法律、规定时也用shall
You shall do as your father says.
Each party shall respect the articles of this contract.
用于第一、三人称的疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方指示
Shall the man standing outside have a try?
考点三 must
表示主观上的“必须,应该”,其否定形式mustn’t表示禁止。对比:have to表示客观上的“不得不”,可用于各种时态
The work must be finished as soon as possible.
OK,then,you mustn’t forget your medical card.
以must开头的问句,其否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to
—Must I pay in cash?
—No,you needn’t/don’t have to.
续 表
表示“非要,偏要”做某事,表达出说话者的一种不满情绪
—Can I smoke here?
—No.Go to the smoking section,if you must.
表示对具体事情的推测,意为“一定,肯定”,语气较强,只用于肯定句中
Since nobody gave him any help,he must have done the research on his own.
考点四 should与oughtto
表示义务,常译为“应该”,用于各种人称。ought to的语气比should强烈
Parents should/ought to take good care of their babies.
表示推测,译为“可能,(按道理)应该”,多指对未来合乎理想的情况或结果的一种期盼
It’s nearly 8 o’clock.He should be here at the moment.
表示惊讶、意外等,常译为“竟然,居然”
You should wear slippers in the classroom.
用在if条件句中,should表示可能性很小的一种虚拟语气
If I should see him,I would tell him the news.
考点五 will与would
表示意愿,用于各种人称的陈述句中。would常指过去的意愿
If you will read the book,I’ll give it to you.
表示请求、建议,常用于第二人称,用在疑问句中。would语气较委婉
Will you please close the window?
表示某种倾向或习惯性动作,常译为“总是,惯于”
The door wouldn’t open,no matter how hard she pushed.
注意would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向,后面接表示动作的动词,不能接表示状态的词。usedto表示过去的习惯动作或状态,强调现在已不存在。
IstillremembermyhappychildhoodwhenmymotherwouldtakemetoDisneylandatweekends.
考点六 may与might
表示请求、允许、许可,might比may语气委婉
You may use my bike.
表示推测,常用于陈述句中,语气比较弱,把握性不大。might语气比may还要弱
Life is unpredictable;even the poorest might/may become the richest.
may/might as well+动词原形,意为“最好,倒不如……”
You may/might as well do it at once.
may well+动词原形,意为“完全能,很可能”
He may well be late for class.
may用于祈使句中,表示祝愿
May you return in safety!
考点七 need与dare
两者都可以作为情态动词和实义动词。当作情态动词时,后面要接动词原形,通常用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。用作实义动词时,其变化和一般的动词相同,有人称和数的变化,构成否定句和疑问句时要借助于助动词do,does,did。dare用作实义动词,用于否定句和疑问句时,常省略后面的to
—I’ve prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.
—Do you mean we needn’t bring anything with us?
The little girl didn’t dare (to) go out at night alone.
need用作实义动词时,若主语为动作的承受者,用谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义或用不定式的被动形式
The house needs repairing.=The house needs to be repaired.
I dare say为习惯说法,意为“我想,大概”
I dare say she dare not speak to her father in this manner.
考点八 情态动词表推测
在肯定句中都可以用来表示可能性。在含义上must语气最肯定,may表示不太肯定的可能性,而can表示理论上的可能性
The news must be true.
在否定句中只能用cannot/can’t和may not。can’t(不可能)语气比may not(可能不、也许不)更强
The news can’t be true.
在疑问句中只能用can,不能用may和must
Can the news be true?
should 与ought to 可以表示对未来情况的一种期盼,常译为“按理应当”
He should/ought to be here on time—he started early.
考点九 情态动词+havedone
could have done本可以
You could have passed the exam,but you were so careless.
can’t/couldn’t have done不可能做过
I couldn’t have enjoyed myself more—it was a perfect day.
may/might have done可能做过
Sorry,I’m late.I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.
must have done一定做过
The ground is wet.It must have rained last night.
should/ought to have done本应该/竟然做过
Look! There are so many mistakes in your composition.You should have fixed full attention on it.
needn’t have done本不需要做
You needn’t have gone to school,for it is Sunday today.
had better have done当时最好做过
We had better have remained at home when our uncle visited us that day.
would like/love to have done宁愿做过
I would like to have helped you,but I was too busy then.
二、虚拟语气
考点一 虚拟语气用于条件句中
If条件句的虚拟语气
用法
例句
与现在
事实相反
从句动词:过去式(be用were)
主句动词:should/would/could/might+动词原形
If he were here,he would help us.
与过去
事实相反
从句动词:had+过去分词
主句动词:should/would/could/might+have+过去分词
If I had been free,I would have visited you.
与将来
事实相反
从句动词:过去式/should+动词原形/were+不定式
主句动词:should/would/could/might+动词原形
If it should rain tomorrow,we would not go camping.
注意1.有时候假设的情况不以if引导的条件句形式表现出来,而是通过一个介词短语、连词或其他形式表示。常用的词或短语有:without,with,butfor(要是没有),otherwise,or,but等。
Butforyouradvice,Icouldnothavedoneitsosuccessfully.
2.当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,称为“错综时间条件句”,动词的形式要根据主从句所表示的时间做出相应的调整。
Ifwehadbookedatableearlier,wewouldn’tbestandinghereinaqueue.(从句说的是过去的情况,主句说的是现在的情况)
IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegoneabroad.(从句说的是现在的情况,主句说的是过去的情况)
3.省略if的虚拟语气
如果if从句中含有were/should/had时,则可以省略if,把这三个词置于句首,采用倒装语序。
IfIwereyou,Iwouldgototheparty.→WereIyou,Iwouldgototheparty.
Ifitshouldhappen,whatwouldyoudo?→Shouldithappen,whatwouldyoudo?
Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.→Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.
考点二 wish宾语从句中的虚拟语气用法
与现在
事实相反
过去式(be
动词用were)
—Do you like the school?
—Yeah.I only wish the classes were a little smaller.
与过去
事实相反
had+
过去分词
I wish I had been at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday,but I was on a business trip in New York then.
与将来
事实相反
would/could/
might+动词原形
I wish it would be fine tomorrow.
考点三 谓语必须用“(should+)动词原形”的情况
表示“建议,要求,命令”的动词:一坚持(insist),二命令(order,command),三建议(suggest,recommend,advise),四要求(demand,require,request,ask)后面的宾语从句或由it作形式主语的主语从句中的谓语要用“(should+) 动词原形”。这些动词相应的名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中的谓语也要用“(should+) 动词原形”。
The teacher ordered that the homework (should) be handed in on time.
My mom suggests that we (should) eat out for a change this weekend.
在It is important/strange/natural/necessary/a pity/a shame等+that从句,表示情绪、观点等的句型中,主语从句中的谓语用“(should+) 动词原形”。
It is a pity that he (should) refuse to accept the offer.
注意suggest当“表明,暗示”讲时,不用虚拟语气;insist当“坚持认为”讲时,不用虚拟语气。
Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedhewashappy.
他脸上的笑容表明他很开心。
Theboyinsistedhehadn’tstolenthemoney.
那个男孩坚持说他没有偷钱。
考点四 虚拟语气在其他句型中的使用
as if/as though
好像
当从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生时,从句谓语动词用过去式
He talks as if he knew all about it.
He walked in as if he had bought the school.
It is (high) time that...该是……的时候了
从句谓语动词常用过去式
It’s high time that he did something instead of just talking.
would rather宁愿
当从句表示与现在或将来事实相反时,从句谓语动词用过去式。
当从句表示与过去事实相反时,谓语动词用过去完成式
I would rather our daughter stayed at home with us,but it is her choice,and she is not a child any longer.
I’d rather you hadn’t told Mike the bad news.
if only要是……多好
表示与现在或将来事实相反的愿望时,句子谓语动词用过去式;表示与过去事实相反的愿望时,句子谓语动词用过去完成式
If only I had passed the driving test last week!
专项训练巩固提升
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.—Could I look at your pictures?
—Yes,of course you .
2.I wish I able to tell him all about it last night.
3.If I (have) more time,I would have gone with him.
4.The Jade Emperor ordered that the Monkey King (arrest) right away.
5.The man insisted that he (send) there.
6.How I wish I (can) be three years younger!
7. (be) I you,I would take an umbrella with me.
8.Look at the clock!It’s (high) time we (go) home.
9.He ordered the work (start) at once.
10.I’d rather you (stay) at home all day today.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.You can be Carol.You haven’t changed a bit after all these years.
2.He brother mustn’t be at home now,because he was seen playing basketball in the stadium just now.
3.What do you think I should do?If you are me,would you talk to them?
4.Dare you to tell your parents about your school records?
5.It was suggested that an armed guard stood in readiness,protecting the president.
6.He feels as if he is floating on a cloud.
7.If I haven’t seen it with my own eyes,I wouldn’t have believed it.
8.He will recover soon.You can’t worry about him.
9.I still remember my happy childhood when my mother will take me to Disneyland at weekends.
10.Sorry,I am too busy now.If I have time,I would certainly go for an outing with you.
Ⅲ.语法填空
Miss Fang 1. (not) read for very long without getting a headache.Her mother told her that she 2. go to the Health Service and see a doctor.“You 3. see a doctor as soon as possible,”she said.“You 4. need glasses.”
When Miss Fang had free time,she went to the Health Service.The appointment clerk said that the doctor 5. see her at 3:30.
Miss Fang replied that she 6. not be able to be there at 3:30 because she had a class then.“The doctor 7. take you at about ten to four,” the appointment clerk suggested.
“8. I put you down for ten to four,or 9. you rather come tomorrow?”
Miss Fang thought she 10. (not) waste any more time.The teacher 11. be unhappy if she asked for permission to leave the class a little early,as he was always so kind to everyone.And she replied,“I think I 12. make it at ten to four.”
Miss Fang went to the class.She asked her teacher,“13. I leave at 3:45 today?I 14. have an eye examination.” As expected,the teacher said,“Yes,of course you 15. .”
Ⅳ.短文改错
Dear mum and Dad,
The College Entrance Examination is around the corner.I wish I can have a heart-to-heart talk about you.The exam will be in three weeks,what makes me under great pressure.So I need your frequent support and time help.
Mom and Dad,I am full aware of my responsibilities.In order to make a full use of the time,I decide to make a little detailed study plans for the exam.It’s also necessary that I did some physical exercise once in a while so that I keep healthy.All in all,I’m quite confident of my future life and I do hope you good health and a happy life.
Yours
Li Hua
专题十一 特殊句式
核心考点课堂突破
高考感悟
单句填空
1.(2018·北京卷)In any unsafe situation,simply (press) the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.
2.(2018·天津卷)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
3.It was when I got back to my apartment I first came across my new neighbors.
4.Not until recently they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.
5.You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel the coach picks up tourists.
考点归纳
一、倒装
考点一 完全倒装
种类
倒装条件
例句
完全
倒装
here,there,up,down,in,out,off,away等副词开头的句子表示强调
Out rushed the children.
表示地点的介词短语作状语位于句首
Under the tree stood two tables and four chairs.
强调表语,置于句首,或为保持句子平衡
Present at the meeting were 1,000 students.
考点二 部分倒装
种类
倒装条件
例句
never,hardly,scarcely,seldom,little,not until,not等表示否定意义的副词放于句首
Hardly did I know what had happened.
only和修饰的状语放于句首
Only then did he realize the importance of English.
not only...but also...连接并列的句子,前倒后不倒
Not only does he know French,but also he is expert at it.
neither...nor...连接并列的句子,前后都倒装
Neither do I know it,nor do I care about it.
so...that,such...that中的so或such及被修饰的成分放于句首时,主谓要倒装
So busy is he that he cannot go on a holiday.
as引导的让步状语
Child as he is,he has learned a lot.
so,neither或nor表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事
He can play the piano.So can I.
用于表示祝愿的祈使句中
May you be in good health!
省略if的虚拟条件
Were I you,I would not do it in this way.
二、省略
考点一 不定式中的省略
单独使用不定式符号to代替不定式后被省略的动词,常用在be afraid,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,try,want,wish等词后;或放在表情绪的词后,代替被省略的动词,常见词有glad,happy,pleased等;但是,如果不定式中含有be,have,have been,则不应省略
He is not a lawyer now,but he used to be.
感官动词或使役动词(feel,notice,see,hear,let,make,have等)后接不定式作宾语补足语时常省略to
I heard my father sing in the kitchen.
在由and或or连接的并列不定式结构中常省略后面的to
I want to finish my homework and go home.
在do nothing but,can’t help but,why not,would rather...than...,had better等句型中省略to
The little boy could do nothing but cry.
考点二 状语从句中的省略
在由when,while,if,as if,although/though,as,until,once,whether,where等引导的状语从句中,当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句谓语含有be时,可省略状语从句的主语和be
When (he was) young,he helped his parents do a lot of housework.
当从句的主语是it,谓语动词是be动词时,可以把it和be一起省略。此时构成“连词+形容词”的结构
Though (it was) cold,he still wore a shirt.
在if so/not省略句式中,用so/not代替上文的内容
Get up early tomorrow.If not(=If you don’t get up early tomorrow),you will miss the early bus.
三、强调句
考点一 强调句的几种形式
强调句的基本构成为:It is/was+被强调部分+who/that+其他成分。被强调部分指人时,可用who或that;被强调部分指物时,用that
It was John who (that) wore his best suit to the dance last night.
It was his best suit that John wore to the dance last night.
疑问句形式为“Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分”或“特殊疑问词+is/was it+that/who+其他成分”
Was it in high school that you began playing basketball?
Where was it that you put your mobile phone after coming back?
not...until...结构中的状语成分在强调句型中被强调时,not与until要放在一起
It was not until he removed his sunglasses that I recognized him.
考点二 定语从句与强调句的区别
当it is/was后出现表示地点或时间的名词时,其后所接的从句是定语从句还是强调句,要看将it is/was和that(可以先假设)去掉之后句式是否完整(不缺少成分),若句式完整则为强调句。
It was the day when he came back.(定语从句)
It was on that day that he came back.(强调句,强调的是时间状语on that day,去掉It was和that后句式完整)
四、反意疑问句
考点一 陈述部分含有宾语从句的反意疑问句
当陈述部分带有宾语从句时,反意疑问部分的主语与谓语常和主句保持一致
He said that they would come to my birthday party,didn’t he?
当陈述部分主句的谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,guess,expect,imagine,且主句主语为第一人称时,反意疑问部分的主语和谓语与宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致;当陈述部分主句的主语为第二、三人称时,反意疑问部分的主语和谓语与主句的主语和谓语保持一致
I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend,won’t he/she?
They don’t believe he will succeed,do they?
考点二 陈述部分含有否定词的反意疑问句
陈述部分带有seldom,hardly,scarcely,never,few,little,nothing,nobody等否定词时,反意疑问部分用肯定形式
He could hardly speak English,could he?
带有表示否定意义的前缀构成的词时,其反意疑问部分用否定形式
He dislikes playing the piano,doesn’t he?
五、祈使句
考点 祈使句的几种形式
“祈使句+and+简单句”表示“如果……就……”
Do that again and I’ll call a policeman.
“祈使句+or+简单句”表示“……否则……”
Put it down,or I’ll smack you.
注意有时名词短语可以看作是祈使句。
AfewmoreminutesandIwillfinishthework.
六、感叹句
考点 感叹句的几种形式
What a(n)+形容词+单数名词+主语+谓语!
What an interesting story it is!
What a happy day it is!
What+形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语!
What beautiful butterflies they are!
How+形容词+a(n)+单数名词+主语+谓语!
How tall a boy he is!
How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!
How well she plays!
专项训练巩固提升
Ⅰ.单句填空
1. are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon.
2.It was not until midnight they reached the camp site.
3.It doesn’t matter if they want to come to your birthday party, it?
4.We laugh at jokes,but seldom we think about how they work.
5.Only by keeping down costs Power Data hold its advantage over other companies.
6.Mary never does any reading in the evening, does John.
7.Give it a push, an object will move forward and do work.
8.Try she might,Carolina couldn’t get the door open.
9.—I reminded you not to forget the appointment.
— you did.
10.So much homework we have to do that we had no time to take a rest.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.It was in New Zealand where Elizabeth first met Mr Smith.
2.At the foot of the mountain is lying a village.
3.If accept for the job,you’ll be informed soon.
4.John has not yet passed the driving test,and neither hasn’t Henry.
5.Absurd although it might sound,everyone present was amused by his adventure story in Africa.
6.There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent,isn’t there?
7.It seems to have been great difficulty in turning out excellent graduates.
8.Would it rain tomorrow,we would have to cancel the football match.
9.How a strange plant! I’ve never seen it before.
10.Don’t forget to put the tools back where they were after you have finished your work,do you?
Ⅲ.语法填空
Switzerland is famous for its watches.However,this country didn’t invent the watch.It was the British 1. did it.Here 2. a story of how the watch was brought to Switzerland.
Many years ago,3. lived an Englishman.He travelled to Italy and on his way he stopped in a small town 4. (call) Geneva in Switzerland.This Englishman travelled in a carriage inside which there 5. a carriage watch.This was the earliest kind of watch.
A blacksmith happened to see the watch.He wondered 6. it was and asked the Englishman about it.“It is a carriage watch,” 7. (say) the Englishman.“This machine can tell the time but now it isn’t working.” At once the man said,“8. (give) it to me and I will get it repaired.” So the traveler handed him the watch.The man was very clever.9. was easy for him to repair it.So smart 10. the man that he even remembered how it was made.And he made a watch of exactly the same type.
Ⅳ.短文改错
When talked about my dream,I recalled my childhood,which I started learning to sing.At that time it was my interest led me to sing.Hard although I learned,I was happy then.And with time going on,I have gradually realized sing is my whole life.I like it or enjoy it.I want to stand on an even big stage to sing where not only will my dream be come true but also I can send my beautiful song to all the audience.I want to transfer happy and encouragement to the audience by singing,letting us cheer up.
专题十二 构词法
核心考点课堂突破
高考感悟
单句填空
1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Landing on the moon’s far side is (extreme) challenging.
2.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Chinese New Year is a (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.
3.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)The (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.
4.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷) (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must.
5.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Filled with (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.
6.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)As the small boat moved (gentle) along the river,he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.
7.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Historical (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.
8.(2020·北京卷)Oliver says if you’re (luck) enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking,ask them if you can join in when it’s possible.
9.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷) Running is cheap,easy and it’s always (energy).
10.The best education should not be available only to (wealth) people.
考点归纳
考点一 构词法的种类
构
词
法
合成法
合成名词
weekend,cowboy,sunlight
合成形容词
part-time,first-class,good-looking
合成副词
someday,anywhere,however
其他合成词
somebody,safeguard,without
转化法
名词↔形容词
light光线/轻的 right右边/对的
名词↔动词
taste味道/尝 dress连衣裙/穿衣
动词↔形容词
open打开/开着的 clean打扫/干净的
形容词↔副词
late晚的/迟到 hard艰苦的/努力地
派生法
前缀
disable,impossible,nonstop,disability,disadvantage,disagreement
后缀
changeable,childhood,friendship
缩略法
混成法
breakfast+lunch→brunch
截短法
laboratory→lab
首字母缩略法
Gross Domestic Product→GDP
考点二 合成法
合成法就是由两个或更多的词合成一个词。词与词之间有的用连字符“-”连接,有的直接连写在一起,还有的分开写。
1.合成名词
合成方式
例词
n.+n.
weekend周末 woman doctor女医生 seafood 海鲜 boyfriend男朋友 police officer 警官 cowboy牛仔 mooncake月饼 sunlight阳光 chairman主席
n.+v.-ing
story-telling讲故事 handwriting 书法
sightseeing 观光 shoe-making 鞋子制作
n.+v.
sunrise日出 haircut理发 toothpick牙签
daybreak破晓
v.-ing+n.
washing machine洗衣机 writing desk写字桌
running water自来水 reading room阅览室
v.+n.
cookbook食谱 playground操场 typewriter打字机
adj.+n.
supermarket超市 blackboard 黑板
greenhouse温室 freeway高速公路
n.+in+n.
editor-in-chief总编 father-in-law岳父,公公 mother-in-law岳母,婆婆
其他
output产量 looker-on旁观者 income收入 get-together聚会 breakfast早餐
2.合成形容词
合成方式
例词
n.+过去分词
snow-covered被雪覆盖的 man-made人造的
n.+v.-ing
peace-loving爱好和平的 paper-making造纸的 Chinese-speaking讲汉语的
adj.+n.
part-time兼职的 full-time全职的
n.+adj.
ice-cool处变不惊的 snow-white雪白的
worldwide世界范围的 lifelong终生的 grass-green草绿的
num.+n.
second-hand二手的 first-class一流的
num.+n.+adj.
five-year-old五岁的 200-meter-long 200米长的
adj.+n.+-ed
warm-hearted热心的 kind-hearted好心的 middle-aged中年的
adj.+v.-ing
ordinary-looking相貌平平的 good-looking好看的 easy-going随和的
其他
well-known著名的 ten-storeyed 10层的 face-to-face面对面的
3.合成副词
合成方式
例词
adj.+n.
someday某天 sometime某个时间
adv.+n.
overhead在头上 downstairs在楼下 indoors在室内 outdoors在户外
adj.+adv.
anywhere任何地方 somewhere某处
其他
maybe可能 however然而
4.其他合成词
合成方式
例词
合成代词
somebody某个人 everything一切 everybody每个人 anyone任何人
合成动词
overwork加班 oversleep睡过头 safeguard保护,捍卫 whitewash粉刷 overhear偷听
合成介词
inside在……里面 outside在……外面 within在……范围内 without没有 throughout遍及
考点三 转化法
转化法就是一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种词性而词形不变。
转化方法
例词
n.↔adj.
final决赛/最后的 light光线/轻的 right右边/对的
n.↔v.
doubt疑问/怀疑 taste味道/尝 dress连衣裙/穿衣 hand手/递 watch手表/观看
smell气味/闻 book书/预订
v.↔adj.
close关上/近的 open打开/开着的 slow变慢/慢的 clean打扫/干净的 wrong不公正(或不诚实)对待/错误的 narrow使变窄/狭窄的
adj.↔adv.
late晚的/迟到 enough足够的/足够地 hard艰苦的/努力地
考点四 派生法
派生法就是由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个词。
1.前缀
派生形式
例词
auto-
autobiography自传 automobile汽车 automaker汽车制造商
dis-
disable使失去能力 disadvantage缺点 disagree不同意
en-
enable使能够 enact制定法律 enrich使丰富
fore-
forearm前臂 forecast预报 forebear祖先
im-
impossible不可能的 impolite不礼貌的 impatient不耐烦的
续 表
派生形式
例词
in-
inactive不活跃的 incorrect不正确的 incomplete不完全的
kilo-
kilogram千克 kilometer千米
mis-
mistake错误 mislead误导 mistreat虐待 misuse误用
multi-
multimedia多媒体 multinational跨国的,多民族的 multi-coloured多种颜色的
non-
nonsmoker非吸烟者 nonstop不停的 nonsense无意义的话
over-
overweight超重的 overcoat外套 overboard在船外 overdo做得过分
re-
return返回,返还 review复习 reuse重新使用 reunite使再结合
tele-
telegram电报 telephone电话 telescope望远镜 television电视
un-
unsafe不安全的 unsatisfied不满意的 unsocial非社会的 unfair不公平的
2.后缀
派生形式
例词
-ary
revolutionary革命的 imaginary想象中的
-ous
glorious辉煌的 joyous快乐的 famous著名的 religious 宗教的
-ive
attractive有吸引力的 talkative健谈的 sensitive敏感的
-ly
happily快乐地 strangely奇怪地 gently轻轻地 extremely极度地 truly真实地
-ward(s)
backward(s)向后 homeward(s)向家 eastward(s)往东
-wise
clockwise顺时针方向的
-al
cultural文化的 personal个人的 regional区域性的 musical音乐的
-or
actor演员 professor教授
-er
engineer工程师 driver司机 teacher老师
-ess
actress女演员 poetess女诗人 hostess女主人
-ment
movement移动 pavement人行道 astonishment 惊讶 puzzlement 迷惑 disappointment 失望 argument 辩论,论据
-ness
happiness快乐 selfishness自私 kindness友好
-ty
rapidity迅速 activity活动
-ese
Chinese中国人/汉语 Japanese日本人/日语
-an
American美国的/人 Australian澳大利亚的/人
-ist
pianist钢琴家 socialist社会主义者
-ian
musician音乐家 Asian亚洲的/人
-ify
beautify美化 simplify简化
-en
widen加宽 shorten缩短 lengthen加长
-ed
excited兴奋的 interested感兴趣的 tired疲倦的
-ing
feeling感情 exciting令人兴奋的 building建筑物
-dom
freedom自由 wisdom智慧 kingdom王国
-th
truth真相 warmth温暖 width宽度
-teen
fourteen十四 sixteen 十六
-cy
fluency 流利 privacy 隐私;私密 accuracy精确 efficiency 效率,功效
-y
rainy多雨的 wealthy 富裕的 sunny 晴朗的
续 表
派生形式
例词
-ure/-ture
failure 失败,没做到 pressure 压力 mixture 混合,混合物 departure离开,出发
-al
arrival到达 survival 幸存 approval 同意 burial 埋葬
-ance/
-ence
appearance 出现,外貌 guidance 指引,指导 performance 表演,节目 existence 存在,生存 preference 偏爱 reference 参考,查阅
-dom
freedom 自由,自主 wisdom 明智;智慧
-y
-ty
-ity
honesty 诚实 difficulty 困难 cruelty 残酷,残暴 safety 安全 disability 无能,伤残 responsibility 责任
专项训练巩固提升
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.People with disabilities are now doing many things to (rich) their lives.
2.It is your (free) to do what you want after class.
3.After a long and heated discussion,the final (agree) was arrived at in the end.
4.The Chinese people are very (friend) to foreigners.
5.They were the kind that I did not have in my (collect) so I placed them carefully in my bag.
6.I was supposed to arrive at the airport on time. (fortunate),I was held up by the heavy traffic jam.
7.Ron had a (success) career and worked for the company before retiring and leading a relaxed life.
8.Excessive dosage(剂量) of this drug can result in (injure) to the liver.
9.But Jane knew from past experience that her (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.
10. (obvious),the story is not true,but the festival is interesting.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.Do you know the different between the two words?
2.We hope you children grow happily and healthy.
3.At the beginner of the class,Mr Tang told us a funny story.
4.The old lady looked angry at me.
5.Our government is doing something useful to solve the environment problems.
6.It’s really possible for a child of one to take care of himself.
7.Jack is an excellent scientist.He comes from German.
8.Fortunate,I have just got enough money to buy the new CDs.
9.John looks at his watch from time to time.Why is he so unpatient?
10.Having a hot bath after work can make you feel relaxing.
Ⅲ.语法填空
Writing keeps us in touch with other people.We write to communicate with 1. (relate) and friends.With computers and Internet 2. (connect) in many families,schools,and companies,people are e-mailing others all the time,or talking to them by 3. (write) in online chat rooms.It is 4. (cheap) than calling long 5. (distant).Students are e-mailing their 6. (teach) to receive and discuss their classroom tasks and to turn them in.They are e-mailing classmates to discuss their homework.They are also sharing 7. (inform) about concerts and sports events,as well as jokes and their 8. (day) life.
Despite the growing 9. (important)of computers,however,there are some people who keep writing 10. (person) letters.Because they believe that a hand-written note to a friend or a family member is the best way to communicate important thoughts.
Ⅳ.短文改错
My English teacher Mrs Zhang is a good teacher in my mind.She loves us and treat us as her own child.Patient and responsible,she is always ready to help anyone poorly in English and encourage them to catch up the others.And she is happy whenever we make a progress.She loves English and really enjoys teaching.Learn a foreign language may be boring but it becomes interested in Mrs Zhang’s class.She has a way to make her class lively and sometimes full of humorous.She aims to help improve her ability in listening,speaking,writing and reading.The results were impressive.
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