高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration课后作业题

单元综合检测(四)

(时间：100分钟；满分：120分)

第一部分　阅读(共两节，满分50分)

第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)

A

It's 2035. You have a job，a family and you're about  40 years old! Welcome to your future life.

Getting ready for work, you pause in front of the  mirror. “Turn red，” you say. Your shirt changes from  sky blue to deep red.Tiny preprogrammed electronics  (智能电子元件) are rearranged in your shirt to change  its color. Looking into the mirror, you find it hard to  believe you're 40. You look much younger. With amazing  advances in medicine, people in your generation may live  to be 150 years old.You're not even middle­aged!

As you go into the kitchen and prepare to pour your  breakfast cereal into a bowl, you hear, “To lose weight, you shouldn't eat that！”from your shoes. They read the tiny electronic code(电子源码)on the cereal box to find out the nutrition details. You decide to listen to your  shoes. “Kitchen，what can I have for breakfast？”A list of possible foods appears on the counter as the kitchen  checks its food supplies.

“Ready for your trip to space？” you ask your son and daughter. In 2015 only specially trained astronauts went into space—and very few of them. Today anyone can go to space for day trips or longer vacations. Your best friend even works in space.Handing your children three strawberries each, you add, “The doctor says you need  these  for  space  travel.”  Thanks  to  medical advances, vaccination shots (防疫针) are a thing of the past. Ordinary foods contain special vaccines. With the strawberries in their mouths，the kids head for the front door.

It's time for you to go to work. Your car checks your fingerprints and unlocks the doors. “My office.Autopilot，”you command.Your car drives itself down the road and moves smoothly into traffic on the highway.You sit back and unroll your e­newspaper. The latest news downloads and fills the viewer. Looking through the pages, you watch the news as video film rather than read it.

1．What changes the color of your shirt?

A．The mirror.

B．The preprogrammed electronics.

C．The sunlight.

D．The medicine.

B　[细节理解题。  由第二段第三、四句可知，你的衬衫里面安装了智能电子元件，它可以使你的衬衫改变颜色。]

2．How do the shoes know that you shouldn't eat the      breakfast cereal?

A．By pouring the breakfast into a bowl.

B．By getting the doctor's advice.

C．By testing the food supplies in the kitchen.

D．By checking the nutrition details of the food.

D　[细节理解题。由第三段第二句可知，你的鞋子会读出你要吃的食物中的营养成分，然后告诉你是否该吃。]

3．The strawberries the children eat serve as ________．

A．breakfast　　　　 B．lunch

C．vaccines D．nutrition

C　[推理判断题。由第四段的描述可知，孩子们不用再打防疫针了，孩子们嘴里吃的草莓实际上就是包含特殊疫苗的水果。]

4．How is the text organized?

A．In order of time.

B．In order of space.

C．In order of preference.

D．In order of importance.

A　[推理判断题。  由第二段至最后一段的第一句可以看出，本文是按照时间顺序进行组织的。]

B

“Siri，what's the weather like in San Francisco？”

“Today's forecast for San Antonio is...”

“No. San FRAN­CIS­CO ！！ ”

“The tapper Sisqo was born in Baltimore, Maryland.”

Sometimes, talking to an artificially intelligent robot is，well，not so   intelligent.

Yohav Shoham, the Stanford computer science professor, said, “AI has made truly amazing progress in the past decade, but computers still can't exhibit the common sense or the general intelligence of even a 5­year­old.” Yann LeCun, a French scientist, put it more simply. “We're very far from having machines that can learn the most basic things about the world in the way humans and animals can do. In particular areas machines have superhuman performance, but in terms of general intelligence they're not even close to a rat，” he explained.

Oren Etzioni, an Israeli scientist, said, “There's a brand of science fiction(小说) that's very dystopian (反面乌托邦的). These works of fiction talk about how the world is going to get much worse.I'm too much of an optimist (乐观者)to get a lot of pleasure out of reading such stories.”

However, robots are becoming smarter. Indeed, our homes are becoming more intelligent when we place devices (设备) like the Amazon Echo and Google Home on our kitchen counter.But，at least for the moment anyway，we  shouldn't feel intimidated by this artificial intelligence.

There are robots that move like animals and robots that offer guidance.There's even a robot that can paint a picture of Einstein and a robot that can fold your laundry. Robots are not taking over the world yet. So for now, we can simply sit back and relax. And have a robot waiter pour us a drink.

【语篇解读】　本文语篇类型是说明文，主题语境是科学与技术。科学家表明目前机器人并没有人们所想象的那样聪明，它们的一般智力和常识还不及5岁的孩子。

5．What does the dialogue at the beginning of the text tell us?

A．Robots aren't as smart as we expect.

B．It isn't easy to forecast the weather correctly.

C．A speaker may be misunderstood by another.

D．Weather is a good subject to start a conversation.

A　[推理判断题。根据“Sometimes，talking to an artificially intelligent robot is，well，not so intelligent”可推知，Siri是一个机器人的名字，而这场人机对话可谓是答非所问，由此可知，这场对话反映出目前机器人并不像人们想象的那样聪明。]

6．What do the scientists think about the artificially intelligent robots now?

A．They have superhuman performance in kitchen tasks.

B．They have the common sense of a 5­year­old.

C．They can only learn the basic things of humans.

D．They are still poor at general intelligence.

D　[细节理解题。根据第二段中Yohav Shoham和Yann LeCun的观点可知，科学家认为机器人的一般智力还很差。]

7．How did Oren find the dystopian science fiction?

A．Pleasant. B．Typical.

C．Realistic. D．Controversial.

A　[推理判断题。根据Oren说的话“I'm too much of an optimist(乐观者) to get a lot of pleasure out of reading such stories.”可知，他从这些科幻小说中获得了很多乐趣。]

8．What does the underlined word “intimidated” mean?

A．Comforted. B．Astonished.

C．Threatened D．Disappointed.

C　[词义猜测题。虽然Oren说到一些科幻小说描述了未来世界将会变得很糟，但是目前机器人并没有那么智能，不会威胁到我们的生活。]

C

My husband and I recently went to Disney World with our children and grandchildren. Our grandchildren were excited about the attraction where they can drive the cars. Since our party was uneven in numbers and two people fit in each car, I sat out that one and headed down to take pictures of them.

As I waited for them to drive by, I noticed a car with a father and his son who looked to be about 7. They rolled down the hill, and then as they neared where I sat, the car shook a few times and then stopped.

The young driver looked frightened, “I can't do it.”

His father quietly said, “Yes, you can.”

“No, I can't！”

“Yes, you can.”

The little boy was almost in tears, “I CAN'T！”

With deep patience, the father said, “Son, you can do this. I'm going to help you.”

Then he talked him through starting the car. And moments later with the father helping his son, the two went smoothly on their way down the track.

The scene brought tears to my eyes because I couldn't imagine how many times my father had to do that with me.Every time things got hard or when I had failures along the way, I'd say, “I can't do it.” He'd reply, “You can.” Time and time again he patiently encouraged me on the journey. And just like that little boy's dad, my sweet father would say, “Michelle, you can do this. I'm going to help you.”

That's where the true strength comes in. I can't do things under my own power, but when my father comes beside me and provides wisdom (智慧) and strength, there's no way I can fail.

【语篇解读】　本文语篇类型是记叙文，主题语境是生活。一个小男孩在父亲的鼓励下最终取得成功的场景，让作者想起了自己的父亲。

9．Why didn't the author join others in driving the cars?

A．Her family could drive except her.

B．Her family fit in the cars without her.

C．She was attracted by something else.

D．She wanted to take photos of her family.

B　[细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，作者一行人的总人数为奇数，而每辆车可坐两个人，所以最终会余一个人。正因为这个原因作者决定不参加了。]

10．What made the 7­year­old son frightened?

A．He got the car to leave the track.

B．He failed to drive the car well.

C．He rolled too fast down the way.

D．He just couldn't get the car started.

B　[细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，小男孩驾驶的车摇晃了几次停了下来，即：他无法很好地驾驶车辆让他感到惊慌。]

11．How did the father help his son?

A．By forcing him to drive bravely.

B．By praising him for his efforts.

C．By encouraging him patiently.

D．By starting the car himself.

C　[细节理解题。根据文中那位父亲对儿子说的话“Yes，you can.”以及由此引发的作者对自己父亲的回忆“Time and time again he patiently encouraged me on the journey.”可知，是这位父亲耐心的鼓励帮助儿子完成了这项活动。]

12．What's the author's tone in writing the text?

A．Confused. B．Humorous.

C．Concerned. D．Grateful.

D　[推理判断题。通读全文可知，迪士尼乐园一对父子的经历让作者想起了父亲曾经对自己的鼓励和帮助。回忆之处字里行间充满了对父亲的感激之情。]

D

Every year you collect a large amount of junk. Think about Christmas presents, birthday presents and holiday souvenirs, and the list goes on. Where does it all end up? Well, if you don't throw it out, it goes to the basement (地下室)．

However, things with huge amounts of value might be buried in those unwanted  gifts. Perhaps there's a beautiful crystal boat in a bottle that was made just long   enough ago to be worth a large amount of money. Or, maybe it's an old board  game that was never used and has now become a collectable.Yes, these items  can be your ticket to a hidden treasure, and all you need to do is go hunting.

Once you find the items, you'll probably be wondering how to sell them.  Most people choose the standard yard sale and this, of course, is a mistake. You won't find the collectors by this type of sale.Instead, you need to reach  the widest audience possible.The answer? eBay.

With eBay, you can gain a large amount of attention, start an auction(拍卖)  and get selling.Of course, before you can do this, you have to set yourself up  as a trusted seller. You can do that quite simply by buying a few small, cheap  items first. This will raise the rating(等级) of your little online shop. After  that, you should have no trouble at all attracting buyers.

Of course, this can just be the beginning.Once you know how to sell things online, you can start making a lot more money by investing and reselling.It's a great choice for a second income.

【语篇解读】　本文语篇类型是说明文，主题语境是生活。你是否有很多不想要的礼物呢？拿到eBay网上销售吧，这可以为自己挣得一笔收入哦。

13．According to the text, the gifts we get every year ________．

A．are a waste of money

B．can be valuable sometimes

C．should go to yard sales

D．should be kept in a safe place

B　[推理判断题。根据第二段可知，在你那些不想要的礼物中，很可能会有一些值钱的或是值得收藏的东西。]

14．Why does the author suggest selling your things on eBay?

A．It's designed for collectors.

B．It follows official standards.

C．It has a much larger audience.

D．It seldom makes any mistakes.

C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Instead，you need to reach the widest audience possible.The answer？eBay.”可知，eBay网用户多，在这个网上卖东西更容易找到买主。]

15．What do you have to do before selling things on eBay?

A．Gain public attention.

B．Buy some expensive things.

C．Attend several local auctions.

D．Raise your shop's credit rating.

D　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Of course，before you can do this，you have to set yourself up as a trusted seller...This will raise the   rating(等级) of your little online shop.”可知，要想在eBay网上开设网站销售自己的物品，首先要通过购买小件商品来提升自己的信誉度。]

第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Ways to impress your teacher

Being successful in high school can be difficult and requires great effort. One of the most important ways to achieve success in your academic career is making sure your teacher has a good impression of you.  16 

Ask questions in class.  17   The questions will vary widely depending on the class you're in. Consider your teacher's lecture or the material you were assigned, and then identify information that was not explained well.

  18   Although doing your homework will not be marked, doing it well and handing it in on time will earn you the respect of your teacher, and will make you be prepared for class discussions. If you forget to do your homework，don't make up an excuse.Take responsibility and tell the truth.

     Pay attention to details. If your teacher asks you to bring a specific book to class, bring it. Hand in your assignments on time, and be prepared for tests.Take a few minutes each evening to study what you've learned in class.   19 

Offer to help your teacher in class. If your teacher is rearranging the desks or hanging posters up, ask him if he needs help.  20    Encourage your friends to help your teacher, too.

A．Be attentive in class.

B．Do your homework.

C．Learn to help each other at school.

D．Doing these shows that you are paying attention.

E．Your thoughtfulness and generosity will impress him.

F．Below are some of the best ways to impress your teacher.

G．Your teacher will be very impressed if you ask thoughtful questions.

【语篇解读】　本文语篇类型是说明文，主题语境是生活。在学校给老师好的印象非常重要，那么如何才能做到这一点呢？

16．F　[根据空前内容提到给老师留下好的印象的重要性，空后列举了几种方法可知，该空为主旨句，引出下文，F项符合逻辑。]

17．G　[本段主旨为在课上问问题，G项“你的老师会对你提出的深刻的问题留下印象”与该段主旨吻合。]

18．B　[本段主要讲了要完成作业的好处，B项“做作业”与本段内容吻合，总领该段。]

19．D　[根据空前提到要注意的细节以及注意细节的具体方法可知，如果你做了这些就会显示出你的关注力。]

20．E　[本段提到要给老师提供帮助，因为你的体贴和慷慨会让他们印象深刻。]

第二部分　语言运用(共两节，满分30分)

第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)

During the winter of 1986 I was working at a construction site near Oakland, California.It is not   21    for construction workers' hands to become very painful. My hands were no   22   that year. They were bleeding at the joints of the fingers and thumbs.

  23   work because of hurting hands is simply not a good choice in the construction industry. You grit your teeth (咬紧牙关), keep working, and finish the job.One morning I left for work at 5 a．m. and arrived at a   24  . As I got out of my truck, I saw a newspaper delivery car and the driver struggling with newspapers. I took a second look，  25   that the man had no forearms. I was   26   to see him doing a job that would require a(n) physically gifted person. Still, he was somewhat having    27    with the larger bundles (捆) because his arms weren't long enough.

On my way to pay for the gas, I stopped and asked him if I could   28   him.He politely   29   my offer. A few minutes later while I was refueling, he said，“Hey buddy, would you mind tying (系) my    30    for me？” As I was tying his shoes, he went on to  explain  that tying his shoes was the only thing he couldn't do for   31  ．

I stopped and looked back at him as he was getting into his car. I looked down at my   32  . Suddenly it hit me: I had been  complaining about  my hurting hands for weeks. That experience made a difference to my hurting hands. Every   33   when my hands start cracking and bleeding, I think back to that    34   in 1986. And just like magic, my hands don't   35  ．

【语篇解读】　本文语篇类型是夹叙夹议文，主题语境是生活。作者在建筑工地干活，到了冬天，手经常被冻得裂开口子流血，因此常常抱怨。可当他看到没有小臂的送报工人时，他的抱怨全无。

21．A.easy　　　 B．fair

C．unusual D．certain

C　[因为是建筑工人，所以手疼对于建筑工人来说是常有的事。]

22．A.exception B．problem

C．wonder D．sense

A　[根据空后的“They were... joints of the fingers and thumbs.”可知，此处是指“我”的手也不例外。]

23．A.Beginning B．Stopping

C．Getting D．Finishing

B　[根据下文“You grit your teeth(咬紧牙关)．..finish the job.”可知，在建筑行业因为手疼而停止工作不是一种选择。]

24．A.factory B．company

C．gas station D．police station

C　[根据第三段开头的pay for the gas可知，此处是指到加油站加油。]

25．A.suggesting B．ignoring

C．thinking D．noticing

D　[根据空前的took a second look可知，此处是指“我”又看了一眼，注意到他没有小臂。]

26．A.nervous B．afraid

C．happy D．amazed

D　[根据上下文内容可知，没有小臂却做如此需要体力的工作，“我”对此感到吃惊。]

27．A.difficulty B．fun

C．words D．relations

A　[根据空后his arms weren't long enough可知，此处是指困难。]

28．A.disturb B．approach

C．help D．teach

C　[根据第29空后的offer可知，此处是指“我”询问是否需要帮忙。]

29．A.examined B．accepted

C．considered D．refused

D　[根据空后的A few minutes later可知，他刚开始拒绝了“我”的请求。]

30．A.shoes B．scarf

C．feet D．tie

A　[空后的I was tying his shoes有提示。]

31．A.others B．himself

C．work D．me

B　[此处是指他在解释系鞋带是他唯一一件他不能为自己做的事。]

32. A．legs B．arms

C．shoes D．hands

D　[根据空后的感悟可知，此处是指“我”低头看了下“我”的手。]

33. A．week B．night

C．month D．winter

D　[根据上文内容可知，此处是指每到冬天手开始疼时，“我”就会想到那次偶遇。]

34. A．encounter B．incident

C．trip D．party

A　[参考上题解析。]

35. A．bleed B．change

C．hurt D．talk

C　[根据空前的magic可知，此处是指手不疼了。]

第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The Louvre is the world's largest museum and houses one of the most  36.________(impress) art collections in history.37.________(sit) along the banks of the Seine River in Paris，it is one of the city's 38.________(big) tourist attractions.

The Louvre was 39.________(original) built as a fortress(堡垒) in 1190, but was reconstructed in the 16th century to serve as a royal palace.In 1793, the Louvre became 40.________ art museum, exhibiting the royal collections and artifacts(艺术品)．

The Louvre has more than 35，000 works 41.________(display) in it, of which the one that appeals 42.______ people most is without question Leonardo da Vinci's masterpiece—Mona Lisa. This painting is covered with special glass and protected by guards.

There are three entrances to the Louvre, but the most famous is the Pyramid, 43.________ is a large glass building designed by Chinese­American architect I．M. Pei.The Louvre Pyramid 44.________(complete) in 1989 and is now a landmark of Paris.

The museum reported about 8.8 million 45.______(visitor) in 2017—so prepare for large crowds, especially around the most popular works, if you plan to visit it.

【语篇解读】　本文语篇类型是说明文，主题语境是文化。本文介绍了卢浮宫的基本情况。

36．impressive　[空白处所填词在句中修饰art collections，故用impress的形容词形式。]

37．Sitting　[Sitting along the banks of the Seine River in Paris是现在分词短语作状语(sit与逻辑主语之间是主动关系)。]

38．biggest　[这里意思是“卢浮宫是巴黎最大的旅游景点之一”，故用big的最高级。]

39．originally　[空白处所填词在句中修饰built，故用original的副词形式。]

40．an　[这里意思是“卢浮宫成为一个博物馆”，故用不定冠词；又因art是以元音音素开头的单词，故填an。]

41．displayed　[displayed in it是过去分词短语作后置定语(display与逻辑主语之间是被动关系)。]

42．to　[appeal to sb.意为“对某人有吸引力”。]

43．which　[空白处所填词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Pyramid，并在从句中作主语。]

44．was completed　[主语是谓语动词complete的承受者，需用被动语态；这里说的是过去发生的事，用一般过去时。]

45．visitors　[由空前的8.8 million可知，此处用visitor的复数形式。]

第三部分　写作(共两节，满分40分)

第一节(满分15分)

穷游目前是一种很时尚的旅游方式。它让很多经济不宽裕的人也能享受旅游的乐趣，因此它受到越来越多人的喜爱。请根据下列表格中的提示，就“穷游”这一现象用英语写一篇短文。

注意：

1．词数80左右；

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考词汇：穷游travel on a budget；穷旅者budget travellers

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【参考范文】

Travelling on a budget is a fashionable form of travel nowadays. It enables more poor travel lovers to enjoy travelling.

Compared with traditional travel，travelling on a budget is more convenient and cheaper. That means travellers can arrange the schedule freely and enjoy the journey at a lower cost. Inviting as it seems to be, accommodation conditions are often far from satisfactory. What's worse, people worry about budget travellers' safety. But I still like it very much. It can provide travellers with chances to develop their problem­solving ability in unexpected situations.

Please remember that safety is the first concern when you go out for travel!

第二节(满分25分)

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

I talk a lot to myself.It helps me to keep my concentration on the activity in hand, makes me focus more on my studies, and gives me some pretty brilliant ideas while talking to myself; more importantly，I produce better works.  Do you talk to yourself? Don't get embarrassed at admitting it because science has discovered that those who talk to themselves are actually geniuses but not crazies!

Psychologist Gary Lupyan conducted an experiment in a supermarket where 20 volunteers were shown objects,  and were asked to remember them.  Half of them were told to repeat the objects, for example, bananas, and the other half remained silent. In the end, the result showed that self­directed speech aided people to find the objects faster, compared with the silent ones.

“I often talk to myself when searching for something in the refrigerator or on the supermarket shelves，” said Gary Lupyan. This personal experience actually made him conduct this experiment. Lupyan, together with another psychologist，Daniel Swigley, came up with the outcome that those who talk to themselves are geniuses. Here are the reasons：

When you are talking to yourself  your sensory mechanism gets activated. It gets easier on your memory since you  can visualise (使……具体化) the word, and you can act accordingly.

Every one of us tends to have various types of thoughts.Most make sense, while the others don't. Suppose you are furious at someone and you feel like killing that person. Now for this issue you won't run to a doctor, will you? No, what you do is lock yourself in a room and mutter to yourself. You are letting go off the anger by talking to yourself about the pros and cons of killing that person, and eventually you calm down.This is a silly thought that you have and are unable to share it with any other person.  Psychologist Linda Sapadin said, “It helps you clarify your thoughts, tend to what's important and firm up any decision you are thinking about.”

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【参考范文】

Talking a lot to oneself helps one focus on what he is doing and people who have this habit are actually geniuses. (要点1) Psychologist Gary Lupyan conducted an experiment about it and he and psychologist Daniel Swigley concluded it's true. (要点2) The experiment showed that talking to yourself does good to people.On the one hand, it stimulates your memory;  on the other hand,  it helps you clarify your thoughts. (要点3)