英语Unit 4 History and traditions学案

Unit 4 History and traditions

Period 3 Discovering Useful Structure

过去分词做宾语和宾补导学案

姓名： _________   班级： ____________

1. To review the basic usages of the past participle used as attributive and objective.

2. To learn to use some special cases concerning the past participle used as attributive and objective flexibly.

1. To appreciate the function of the past participle used as attributive and objective in a sentence

2. To write essays using the past participle used as attributive and objective.

本节语法思考：过去分词表示什么意义？在什么句子成分？举一个过去分词的例子。

Step1:温故而知新。

1．(教材P41)They had castles___________________(build) all around England, and made changes to the legal system．

2．(教材P42)They use the same flag, _________________ (know) as the Union Jack，．．．

3．(教材P42)Judy and I had our car_________________ (park) in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square, where we could get our car battery _________________ (charge)．

  共性: ______________________________________________________

Step 2:过去分词作定语时的意义

1．及物动词的过去分词作定语，在语态上表示被动；在时间上，常表示动作已经发生或完成，有时也不表示时间性。

Our teacher watched us doing the experiment and gave us a _____________(satisfy) smile at last．

我们的老师看着我们做实验，最后给了我们一个满意的微笑。

The plan put forward at the meeting will be ___________(carry)out soon．会上提出的计划将很快被执行。

2．不及物动词的过去分词作定语，它不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。

Many little kids like gathering _________________(fall) leaves in the yard．

许多小孩子喜欢在庭院里收集落叶。

The _______________(rise )sun is shining brightly in the morning．

早上已升起的太阳正明亮地闪耀着。

Step3：过去分词作定语时的位置

1．前置定语

一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，即放在所修饰词之前。

The _______________(pollute) water was to blame for the spread of cholera．

被污染的水造成了霍乱的传播。

We needed much more _____________________(qualify) workers．

我们需要更多的合格的工人。

【考点提示】

有些过去分词表示特定含义时，单独作定语也可放在所修饰的名词之后，如left(剩余的)，given(所给的)，concerned(有关的)等。

There are few tigers________________(leave)．It is time for the departments______________(concern) to take measures to protect them from dying out．

剩余的老虎不多了，是相关当局采取措施保护它们免遭灭绝的时候了。

2．后置定语

过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。

He is a teacher loved by his students．

他是一位受学生爱戴的老师。

The book ________________(publish) ten years ago is still a best­seller today．

十年前出版的这本书现在仍然是一本畅销书。

3．过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别

As we all know, China is a _________________(develop)country．

众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。

The visitor is from a ________________(develop)country．

这位游客来自一个发达国家。

4．过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动语态(being done)与动词不定式的被动语态(to be done)作定语的区别

The building ___________________ is our classroom building．

去年建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。

The building ___________________________now is our classroom building．

现在正在建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。

The building _____________________________next month is our classroom building．

下个月将要建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。

　Step 4: 常见的过去分词作宾语补足语的情况

1．过去分词用在表状态的动词keep, leave等词的后面作宾语补足语。

He passed away, leaving his works ______________________(finish)．

他去世了，留下他的著作还未完成。

Don’t keep your mouth shut when I ask you a question．当我问你问题时不要闭口不语。

2．过去分词用在使役动词have/get和make的后面作宾语补足语。

(1)“have/get＋宾语＋过去分词”表示“让别人做某事”。

He wants to have/get his eyes ______________________(examine) tomorrow．他明天想去检查眼睛。

Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English_______________(improve) in a short period．

珍妮希望史密斯先生会建议一个好的方法以使她的英语写作在短期内得到提升。

 (2)在“make＋宾语＋过去分词”这种结构中，过去分词表示结果。

They managed to make themselves ___________________(understand) by using very simple English．

他们用很浅易的英语来设法使自己被理解。

3．感官动词see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。

When we saw the road _________________(block) with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home．

当我们看到道路被雪封住后，我们决定在家过假期。

The next morning people found the world outside their houses completely changed．

第二天早上，人们发现他们房子外面的世界全变了样。

4．表示“意愿；命令”的动词，如like, want, wish, expect, order等可用过去分词作宾语补足语。

The manager ordered the work finished at the end of this week．

经理要求在本周末完成这项工作。

5．过去分词用在“with＋宾语＋宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。

With every problem__________________(settle), he began to think of a journey．　每一个问题解决后，他开始考虑旅行。

Step 5:非谓语动词作宾语补足语的区别

1．感官动词(短语)see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel等的宾语补足语主要有三种形式，试比较(以hear为例)：

hear＋宾语＋

I heard her __________________(sing) an English song when I passed by her room yesterday．

昨天经过她房间时，我听见她正在唱一首英文歌。(主动、正在进行)

I heard her sing an English song just now．

刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动、完成)

To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible．

为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地听英语。(被动、无时间性)

2．使役动词make, have, get, keep后加复合宾语的比较：

(1)make＋宾语＋

The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face．　这令人震惊的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么可怕的问题。

He spoke slowly and clearly so that he could make himself_____________________(understand)．

他说得又慢又清楚以便使自己被理解。

 (2)have＋宾语＋

Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt．

妈妈让我去商店买些食盐。

He had us _______________(laugh)all through the meal．

My elder sister had her wallet _______________(steal) on a bus last month．

上个月，我姐姐的钱包在公共汽车上被偷了。

 (3)get＋宾语＋

He got me to post the letter for him．他让我替他寄信。

The captain got the soldiers __________________(move) toward the front after a short rest．

休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进。

I’ll get my cellphone __________________(repair )tomorrow．

我明天要(请人)修一下我的手机。

 (4)keep＋宾语＋

I’m sorry to have kept you ________________(wait) so long．

对不起，让你久等了。

 1.Earth Day, ____________(mark) on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection．

2.I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph ____________(take)．

3.　Today, you can find a statue of John Harvard ____________(stand) in front of the University Hall in Harvard Yard，and it is perhaps the University’s best known landmark．

【答案】

本节语法思考：过去分词表示什么意义？在什么句子成分？举一个过去分词的例子。

过去分词表示动作和其逻辑主语是被动关系，在句子中作状语或者后置定语，或者宾语补足语。

例子：The building built last year is magnificent.

Step1:温故而知新。

1．(教材P41)They had castles built(build) all around England, and made changes to the legal system．

2．(教材P42)They use the same flag, known(know) as the Union Jack，．．．

3．(教材P42)Judy and I had our car parked(park) in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square, where we could get our car battery charged(charge)．

Common points: f the past participle used as attributive and objective complement.

Step 2:过去分词作定语时的意义

1．及物动词的过去分词作定语，在语态上表示被动；在时间上，常表示动作已经发生或完成，有时也不表示时间性。

Our teacher watched us doing the experiment and gave us a _____________(satisfy) smile at last．

我们的老师看着我们做实验，最后给了我们一个满意的微笑。

satisfied

The plan put forward at the meeting will be ___________(carry)out soon．

会上提出的计划将很快被执行。

carried

2．不及物动词的过去分词作定语，它不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。

Many little kids like gathering _________________(fall) leaves in the yard．

许多小孩子喜欢在庭院里收集落叶。

fallen

The _______________(rise )sun is shining brightly in the morning．

早上已升起的太阳正明亮地闪耀着。

risen

Step3：过去分词作定语时的位置

1．前置定语

一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，即放在所修饰词之前。

The _______________(pollute) water was to blame for the spread of cholera．

被污染的水造成了霍乱的传播。

polluted

We needed much more _____________________(qualify) workers．

我们需要更多的合格的工人。

qualified

【考点提示】

有些过去分词表示特定含义时，单独作定语也可放在所修饰的名词之后，如left(剩余的)，given(所给的)，concerned(有关的)等。

There are few tigers________________(leave)．It is time for the departments______________(concern) to take measures to protect them from dying out．

剩余的老虎不多了，是相关当局采取措施保护它们免遭灭绝的时候了。

left/ concerned

2．后置定语

过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。

He is a teacher loved by his students．

他是一位受学生爱戴的老师。

The book ________________(publish) ten years ago is still a best­seller today．

十年前出版的这本书现在仍然是一本畅销书。

published

3．过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别

As we all know, China is a _________________(develop)country．

众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。

developing

The visitor is from a ________________(develop)country．

这位游客来自一个发达国家。

developed

4．过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动语态(being done)与动词不定式的被动语态(to be done)作定语的区别

The building built last year is our classroom building．

去年建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。

The building being built now is our classroom building．

现在正在建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。

The building to be built next month is our classroom building．

下个月将要建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。

　Step 4: 常见的过去分词作宾语补足语的情况

1．过去分词用在表状态的动词keep, leave等词的后面作宾语补足语。

He passed away, leaving his works ______________________(finish)．

他去世了，留下他的著作还未完成。

unfinished

Don’t keep your mouth shut when I ask you a question．

当我问你问题时不要闭口不语。

2．过去分词用在使役动词have/get和make的后面作宾语补足语。

(1)“have/get＋宾语＋过去分词”表示“让别人做某事”。

He wants to have/get his eyes ______________________(examine) tomorrow．

他明天想去检查眼睛。

examined

Jenny hopes that Mr．Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English_______________(improve) in a short period．

珍妮希望史密斯先生会建议一个好的方法以使她的英语写作在短期内得到提升。

improved

(2)在“make＋宾语＋过去分词”这种结构中，过去分词表示结果。

They managed to make themselves ___________________(understand) by using very simple English．

他们用很浅易的英语来设法使自己被理解。

understood

3．感官动词see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。

When we saw the road _________________(block) with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home．

当我们看到道路被雪封住后，我们决定在家过假期。

blocked

The next morning people found the world outside their houses completely changed．

第二天早上，人们发现他们房子外面的世界全变了样。

4．表示“意愿；命令”的动词，如like, want, wish, expect, order等可用过去分词作宾语补足语。

The manager ordered the work finished at the end of this week．

经理要求在本周末完成这项工作。

5．过去分词用在“with＋宾语＋宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。

With every problem__________________(settle), he began to think of a journey．　每一个问题解决后，他开始考虑旅行。

settled

Step 5:非谓语动词作宾语补足语的区别

1．感官动词(短语)see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel等的宾语补足语主要有三种形式，试比较(以hear为例)：

hear＋宾语＋

I heard her __________________(sing) an English song when I passed by her room yesterday．

昨天经过她房间时，我听见她正在唱一首英文歌。(主动、正在进行)

singing

I heard her sing an English song just now．

刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动、完成)

To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible．

为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地听英语。(被动、无时间性)

2．使役动词make, have, get, keep后加复合宾语的比较：

(1)make＋宾语＋

The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face．　这令人震惊的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么可怕的问题。

He spoke slowly and clearly so that he could make himself_____________________(understand)．

他说得又慢又清楚以便使自己被理解。

understood

(2)have＋宾语＋

Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt．

妈妈让我去商店买些食盐。

He had us _______________(laugh)all through the meal．

整顿饭下来他让我们笑个不停。

laughing

My elder sister had her wallet _______________(steal) on a bus last month．

上个月，我姐姐的钱包在公共汽车上被偷了。

stolen

(3)get＋宾语＋

He got me to post the letter for him．

他让我替他寄信。

The captain got the soldiers __________________(move) toward the front after a short rest．

休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进。

moving

I’ll get my cellphone __________________(repair )tomorrow．

我明天要(请人)修一下我的手机。

repaired

(4)keep＋宾语＋

I’m sorry to have kept you ________________(wait) so long．

对不起，让你久等了。

waiting

  1.Earth Day, ____________(mark) on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection．

【解析】：：句意：地球日在4月22日举行，是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度事件。mark在这里是“庆祝，纪念(重要事件)”之意，是及物动词，Earth Day与之是被动关系，此处的字面意思是“地球日在4月22日被庆祝”，故用过去分词短语作定语。

【答案】：marked

　2.I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph ____________(take)．

【解析】：：句意：我需要一个新护照，因此我得照张相。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语。宾语my photograph与take之间为被动关系，且表示让他人去做这件事，因此用过去分词作宾补。

【答案】：taken

3.　Today, you can find a statue of John Harvard ____________(stand) in front of the University Hall in Harvard Yard，and it is perhaps the University’s best known landmark．

【解析】：句意：今天，你可以在哈佛广场的大学礼堂前找到一尊站立着的John Harvard的雕像，这也许是这所大学最著名的地标。a statue of John Harvard和动词stand之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作宾语补足语。

【答案】：standing