该板块的活动主题是“理解英语中省略的用法”(Understand the use of the ellipsis in English)。与汉语一样,英语中的省略也较为常见。省略是一种避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的语法手段。一般来说,只要不损害结构或引起歧义,能省略的地方就可以省略。省略可使语言更加简洁,意思更加明确,句子结构更加紧凑。本部分通过不同层次的语言学习活动,帮助学生体会使用省略的效果。

1. Ask students to analyze the omitted words in the sentence with the context, and understand the role of ellipsis;

2. Help students recover the omitted parts of sentences according to the context or situation, and realize the effect of omission;

3. Instruct students to summarize common omissions and understand the role of omissions.

Importance:

1. Guide students to summarize common omissions and understand the role of omissions;

2. Help students recover the omitted parts of sentences according to the context or situation, and realize the effect of omission;

Difficulties:

Recover the omitted parts of a sentence according to the context or situation

1. Review ellipsis before class and point out its function;

2. Master the usage of ellipsis and perceive the new ellipsis by combining with the relevant exercises of guiding cases.

Step 1 Revision

1.Present the following dialogue to the students and guide them to understand the use of ellipsis by asking questions:

Where is ellipsis used in the dialogue?What's missing?

( 1)A: I’m hungry

B: Are you (hungry)?

A: Yeah.(I) Didn't have lunch today.

B:(Do you) Want some sandwiches?

A: Are there any?

B: Yeah. (I’ve) Just made some.

(2)A:(It) Looks like rain

B: Oh, I hope (it does) not(rain).

A: Why (do you hope it doesn't rain)?

B: We have a soccer game today, (do you) remember?

A: Do we (have a soccer game today )? Where (will it be)?

B: (It will be) In the bigger playground

Step 2 Learning new grammar

Activity 1

1. Ask students to find the sentences in activity 1 in this unit and discuss the following questions in pairs:

①Why use ellipsis in sentences?(clear meaning in the context, avoid repetition, make the structure more compact, make the focus more prominent)

②What sentence elements are omitted?(subject, predicate, object)

2. Ss read the dialogue and find out where ellipsis is used in the dialogue and what is missing.Then check their answers with class.

1) (They are) Mexican corn chips covered in cheese! (I love nachos), too.

2)…,(and they are) all in one dishes? Exactly,(it’s the food of many different cultures,and they are all in one dishes.)

3) (There is) a real mix of cultures here!

4) (I) can’t wait (to go there)!

Step 3 Practice

Activity 2

Ask students to complete activity 2. How to make a sentence by omitting the unnecessary parts of the sentence and comparing with the original sentence.

The child becomes concise.The teacher guides the students to summarize the different situations of using ellipsis in these sentences and pays attention to the key cohesion in the sentences.

The first sentence is simple, the second, fifth and sixth are compound (but, and), and the third and fourth are compound (if necessary, as soon as possible, than).If when/whenever....+ possible/necessary "and" as soon/fast/early/easy.+ as possible ".

(Check their answers with class.)

Step 4 Summarizing

Guide the students to summarize the usage of ellipsis.

一、基础点拨

为了避免重复或为了使句子更简练，在一些句子中常常省去某一个或某几个成分，这种语法现象在英语中叫作省略。

在英语句子中，常见的省略情况有以下几种：

(一)简单句中的省略

1．省略主语和谓语。

—Hello！Is Jack in？“你好！杰克在吗？”

—(This is)Jack speaking.“我就是。”

2．There be句型的省略。

(Is there)Anything wrong?

发生了什么事吗？

3．感叹句根据上下文的省略。

What a (good) boy (he is)!

多好的男孩呀！

4．名词所有格修饰的名词若表示店铺、住宅、教堂或上下文已暗示或明确指出过的事物时可省略名词。

I go to the supermarket instead of the butcher's(shop) to buy meat.我去超市而不是去肉铺买肉。

5．介词的省略。

可以省略介词in的几个固定词组，如spend time(in)doing sth.，have a hard time (in) doing sth.，waste time(in)doing sth.等。

He seldom spends his spare time (in) studying.

他空余时间很少学习。

(二)并列句中的省略

1．省略共同的主语或宾语。

Tom picked up the book from the floor and(Tom)handed it to his brother.

汤姆从地板上捡起书并把它递给了他的哥哥。

2．若主语与谓语动词相同，则省略后面的主语和谓语。

His performance made us amused，but(his performance made)himself tired.

他的表演让我们高兴，但是使他自己很累。

3．若主语不同而谓语的助动词、情态动词相同，则省略后面的助动词或情态动词。

Xiaoming must have been playing football at that time，and his sister(must have been)playing the piano.

那时小明一定在踢足球，而他妹妹一定在弹钢琴。

(三)复合句中的省略

1．状语从句的省略。

(1)在when，while，whenever，till，as soon as，if，unless，as if，though等引导的状语从句中，若谓语含有be，而从句的主语与主句的主语相同或是it时，则从句的主语和be常被省略。

He will not attend the party unless(he is)invited.

除非被邀请，否则他不会参加这个宴会。

If(it is)convenient，please call me and have a chat with me.

如果方便的话，给我打电话聊天。

(2)虚拟条件句中若含有助动词were，had，should常省略if，将助动词were，had，should提前构成部分倒装。

Were I you(＝If I were you)，I will accept the chance to work in that company.

如果我是你，我会接受在那个公司工作的机会。

2．宾语从句中的省略。

(1)由特殊疑问词which，when，where及why引导的宾语从句，若从句中所表达的内容与主句内容重复，可将其省略，仅保留疑问词。

He was late for work again，and no one knew why(he was late for work again)．

他又一次上班迟到了，没人知道为什么。

(2)that引导的宾语从句作动词的宾语时，可省略引导词that；若两个或两个以上的that引导的宾语从句作动词的宾语，只能省略第一个引导词that。

Joe said(that)he would come and that he would arrive at 5：00 p．m.

乔说过他要来，下午5点会到。

(3)在与suggest，request，order，advise等词有关的名词性从句中，从句谓语动词应用虚拟语气形式，即“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。

I suggested that we (should) hold a meeting tonight.

我提议我们今晚开个会。

(4)在I'm afraid，I think，I believe，I hope，I guess等作答句时，其后常跟省略形式。so表示赞同前述的事实，not表示不赞同前述的事实。

—We will have to work extra hours to finish the work.

“我们将不得不加班来完成这份工作。”

—I'm afraid so(＝we will have to work extra hours to finish the work)．“恐怕是这样。”

3．定语从句的省略。

(1)在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词whom，which，that可省略。

He handed the book(that/which)he bought yesterday to me.

他把昨天买的那本书递给了我。

(2)way作先行词，且定语从句中缺少方式状语，此时引导从句的关系词可省略。

We don't like the way (in which/that)he treats his mother.

我们不喜欢他对待妈妈的方式。

(3)在以the same...as...与such as引导的某些定语从句中，也可省略与主句相同的部分。

The price is the same as(the price was)before the war.

价格与战前相同。

(4)定语从句中的“关系代词＋助动词be”可以省略。

The ticket(that/which was)booked by his sister has been sent to him.

他妹妹订的那张票已送到了他那里。

Step 5 Practice

Activity 3

(1) Guide students to complete the four activities in the Using Structures part of exercise book, in which activities 1 and 2 focus on ellipsis in dialogue answers, activity 3 focus on signs and headlines, two typical situations where ellipsis is used, and activity 4 focus on ellipsis in diary, an informal style.

(2) Combine the examples in the above activities, ask students to summarize the omitted situations in groups, and make their own summary into a poster, and post it on the class wall after class to share with the class.(This step should give full play to the subjectivity of students, and teachers should encourage students to conclude different ellipsis phenomena according to their own understanding, they can conclude according to the different parts omitted in the sentence.)

Step 6 Homework

1. Understand and master the usages of ellipsis;

2. Finish the other exercises in Using structures of Workbook.

1、通过本节内容学习，学生是否理解和掌握省略的用法；

2、通过本节内容学习，学生能否根据上下文语境或情景恢复句子中省略的成分，体会使用省略的效果；

3、通过本节内容学习，学生能否独立完成练习册和导学案中的相关练习。