牛津版 (深圳&广州)七年级上册（2012秋审查）Unit 1 making friends教案

这是一份牛津版 (深圳&广州)七年级上册（2012秋审查）Unit 1 making friends教案，共13页。
冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，对名词进行限定。冠词与名词的关系密不可分，就好像“鱼儿离不开水”一样。冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词两种，它们在英语中使用率极高，也是历年来中考的考查重点。
冠词分为不定冠词a / an和定冠词the，在具体使用时可分为用不定冠词、定冠词和不用冠词三种情况。它的基本用法我们可以用以下口诀来记忆：
泛指用a/ an，单数可数；特指用the，不特不the。
【注】★★（1）泛指用a / an，单数可数——泛指的可数名词单数前要用a / an。如：I want an apple.
（2）特指用the——如果是特指，那么无论是可数名词单数、复数或不可数名词前均要用the。如：The pencil is mine. / I dn’t like the pencils n the desk.
★★★★ （3）不特不the——不特指则不用the，包括泛指的可数名词单数前用a / an，泛指的可数名词复数前不用冠词，泛指的不可数名词前也不用冠词三种情况。如：I like mnkeys. / I dn’t like bread.

一、不定冠词的基本用法
1. 第一次提到的人或事物：
I bught _____________（一辆自行车）yesterday.
There is _____________（一块橡皮）n the desk.
2. 表示有某人或某物，但不具体说明是何人或何物：
_____________（一个学生）is lking fr yu.
3. 表示一类人或事物中的任何一个：
_____________（火车）is faster than _____________（汽车）.
_____________（大象）is strnger than _____________（马）.
4. 虽然有“一”的含义，但不强调数量：
I have _____________（一个姐姐）. Her name is Lily.
5. 用于表示时间、长度、价格等的单位名词前，表“每一”，相当于every：
Yu shuld take this medicine _____________________（一天三次）.
The apples are three yuan _____________（每公斤）.
6. 习惯用法：
a few___________, a little___________, a lt f___________, a number f_____________,
have a rest_____________, take / have a lk_____________, make a face_____________,
in a hurry_____________, fr a while_____________ …

记忆口诀
不定冠词a或an，表“一”但不强调“一”；人或事物首次提，单位名词前“每一”；
表示有人、有某物，何人何物不具体；强调类别任一个，习惯用法记心里。

二、a和an用法巧记
1. a用于辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前，an用于元音音素开头的单数可数名词前。注意：要看读音是元音开头还是辅音开头，而不是根据字母。如_______________（一个小时），_______________（一把雨伞）等。
如果名词前有修饰语，那么用a还是an取决于该修饰语的第一个音素是辅音还是元音。如：___________________（一本有用的书），___________________（一个诚实的男孩），
___________________（一个不高兴的女孩），__________________（一个不寻常的故事）等。
2. a, e, i, , 这四个元音字母，以及f, h, l, m, n, r, s, x这八个辅音字母单独使用时，因其发音均以元音开头，所以要用an。我们可以用一句话来概括前面用an的所有字母，Mr. Li has ne fx.（李先生有一只狐狸。）举例如下：
This time I gt ___________（一个A）in my hmewrk.
There is ___________（一个n）in the wrd “lend”.
I bught ___________（a / an）MP5 yesterday.
3. 用8, 11, 18, 80, 800等阿拉伯数字组成的短语前要用an，其他用a。如：
That is an eight-meter-wide bridge.
He is nly an 11-year-ld by.
I had a talk with an 80-year-ld man n the street yesterday.

三、定冠词的基本用法
1. 用在“特指”谈话双方都知道的某个人或某些人或物前。如：
Where is ______________？老师在哪里？
2. 用在上文已提到的人或事物前。如：
I can see a cat. ______________ is Lucy’s. 我能看见一只猫，那只猫是露茜的。
3. 用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：
______________ ges arund ______________. 地球围绕着太阳转。
4. 用在序数词或形容词最高级前。如：
He is always ______________ t get t schl. 他总是第一个到校。
Mike is ______________ f the three bys. 迈克是三个男孩中最高的一个。
5. 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：
the Great Wall（长城） the Peple’s Park（人民公园 ）
6. 用在一些习惯用语中或乐器名词前。如：
in the day（在白天） play the pian（弹钢琴）

记忆口诀
特指双熟悉，上文已提及，世上独一无二，序数最高级，某些专有名，习语及乐器。

四、零冠词的用法
1. 名词前已有作定语用的this, that, these, thse, my, yur, his, her, ur, their, sme等限定词时，不用冠词。如：this eraser, her pencil-bx, sme bxes, thse wmen等。
2. 泛指的不可数名词前一般不用冠词。如：meat, rice, water, bread, tea, milk, juice等。
3. 复数名词表示泛指时，不用冠词。如：The peple in the rm are dctrs. 房间里的那些人是医生。
4. 在表示学科的名词前一般不用冠词。如：Chinese, English, maths, physics, histry等。5. 在三餐饭和球类运动名词前一般不加冠词。如：have breakfast/ lunch/ supper, play basketball / ftball等。
6. 在季节、节日、星期、月份前不用冠词。如：autumn, summer, winter, spring, Teachers’ Day, Children’s Day, Sunday, February等。
7. 在表颜色、语种和国家名词前不用冠词。如：white, brwn, French, Australia等。
8. 在表示称呼语的名词之前，以及职务、头衔的名词前不用冠词。如：
Dctr Green is a scientist. 格林博士是位科学家。
记忆口诀
代词限定名词前，专有名词不可数，复数名词表泛指，
学科球类三餐饭，季节星期月份前，颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。

五、有无定冠词意思迥异
英语中有些名词，如bed, class, hspital, schl, church等，当不强调这次词所表示的场所，只强调它们的专门作用时，前面不带定冠词；否则要加定冠词。如：
1. at table在进餐 at the table在桌旁
2. at desk做读书或做作业 at the desk在书桌旁
3. at schl在上学，在求学（是学生） at the schl在学校里（不一定是学生）
4. at sea在海上航行 at the sea在海边
5. in class在上课 in the class在班里
6. in prisn坐牢 in the prisn在监狱
7. in bed卧床，睡觉 in the bed在床上
8. in frnt f在……的前面 in the frnt f在……的前部
9. g t bed去睡觉 g t the bed到床边或床前
10. g t hspital入院治疗 g t the hspital去医院（不一定是病人）
11. g t church去教堂做礼拜、做祷告 g t the church去教堂（为了别的目的）
12. g t schl去上学（不强调场所） g t the schl到学校去（开家长会等）

习题
一.在空格内填上a或an
1. _____ear 2.______actr 3. _____hen 4. ______ty
5. ______university 6. ______elephant 7. _____hat 8.______umbrella
9.______rabbit 10.______idea 11.______hur 12_______ hnest by
13.______interesting bk 14.______easy questin 15.______range dress
16_______apple pie 17_______X-ray machine 18.______ice cream
二.用a,an,the或“/”填空
1.________Washingtn is _______capital f ________United States f America.
2.There is _________”A” n his paper.
3. I ate ______apple .It’s _______red apple.
4._______tall man ver there is my bss.
5._______earth mves arund sun.
6.N news is ________gd news.
7.Have yu visited Great Wall?
8.They ften play ftball after schl.
9.Children need lve and attentin.
10.Are there any birds in sky?
11. student in the third rw is tallest in ur class.
12.Did yu have breakfast this mrning?
will g t Tky by air.
14.By way,d yu knw ld wman in glasses?
三.选择填空
1.Mm tells her little daughter ld stry every night.
A. a B. / C. an D. the
2. cmputer n the table is Susan’s.
A. A B. An C. The D. /
3.There is map f the wrld n wall. map is mine.
A. a, a, A B. a, the, The C. the, the, The D. the, the, A
4. Whites live n flr.
A. /, three B. A, third C. The, third D.The, the third
5. Spring cmes after winter.
A. /, / B.The, / C.The, the D.A, the
6.I bught shes yesterday. shes are very beautiful.
A. a, The B. a pair f, The C. the, The D. a pair, The pair
7.He was sldier in the Secnd Wrld War.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
8.She can play and .
A. the tennis, the guitar B. tennis, guitar C. the tennis, guitar D. tennis, the guitar
9.I can see mn and cluds in the sky.
A. the, a B. a, a C. the, / D. the, the
10. “c” is in “cat.” “s” is in “sat.”
A. An, An B. An, A C. A, A D. A, An
11. Tian’anmen Square is in Beijing.
A. /, / B. A, / C. The, / D. /, the
12.—Can yu tell me nearest bkshp?
—G straight and turn right at_______third crssing, and yu will see it.
A. the, a B. the, the C. a, the D. the, /
( )1. There is ____ “s” in ____ wrd “bus”.
A. a ; a B. an ; the C. a ; the D. an ; a
( )2. Maths is ___ useful subject. Yu can’t drp it , I think.
A. an B. a C. the D. /
( )3. ____ bad weather it is!
A. Hw B. What a C. Hw a D. What
( )4. —What clr is ___ range?--It’s _____ range.
A. an; an B. an ; the C. an ; / D. / ; an
( )5. Mr. Li is ____ ld wrker.
A. an B. a C. sme D. /
( )6. Lk at ____ picture! There’s ____ huse in it.
A. a ; a B. the ; the C. a ; the D. the; a
( )7. One mrning he fund ____ handbag. There was ___ “s” n the crner f ___ handbag.
A. a ; an ; the B. a ; a ; the C. a ; a ; a D. the ; an ; a
( )8.What ___ interesting stry it is!
A. a B. an C. the D. /
( )9.Meimei is ___ best student in her class.
A. a B. an C. / D. the
( )10.Tm is ___ kind by. All ___ students lve him.
A. a ; / B. a ; the C. an ; / D. an ; the
( )11. Is ___ bk n the desk mine? Yes.
A. the B. a C. an D. /
( )12. Even while he was in ___ hspital, he went n writing sngs.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
( )13. Dn’t read _____.
A. in bed B. in the bed C. n bed D. n the bed
( )14. Smith is ____ hnest man.
A. a B. the C. an D. /
( )15. China has ___ ppulatin f 1,200,000,000.
A. / B. an C. the D. a
选择a或an或者不填(用/来表示)
pen bag
apple big apple
banana range juice
ranges range pen
hur huse
umbrella university
用a/an填空：
A:
①Is it Chinese bk r English bk?
②This is ring, and it is range ring.
③Mary is English teacher. Tm is Chinese teacher.
④This is bike. It’s ld bike.
⑤This is telephne number.
⑥That is ID card.
⑦I lst my keys. It’s set f keys.
⑧It’s apple, nt pear.
⑨This is peach. That’s range.
⑩Yu have banana, but I have egg.
B:
①Is there umbrella n the desk?
②There is island in the sea.
③There is picture n the card.
④I have ld bk.
⑤ apple is a kind f fruit.
⑥There is armchair in the living rm.
⑦I’d like egg.
⑧Lk, there is bird in the tree.
⑨Is there map n the wall?
⑩There is bench in the park.
口头练习：
My dream is t be ____________ Art teacher.
2. My dream is t be ______________ ftball player.
I want t be ________________ dctr.
4. I want t be ________________ engineer.
5. I want t be ______________ cmputer engineer.
6. My family lives in ______________ ld huse.
用a或an填空
____________ by ___________ teacher ____________ cmputer _____________ unit
__________ ftball team ____________ vilin ___________ apple __________ ice cream
____________ egg _____________ ld clck ___________ clck ___________ umbrella
____________ hur ____________ university ___________ bk ______________ useful bk
_____________ English bk _______________ range _____________ eight-year-ld girl
_____________ 8-year-ld girl _______________ engineer _________ hnest by
用a，an填空：
This is ____pear and that is ____ apple. Mary has ____e-dictinary.She get it frm her uncle.
D yu have ____QQnumber?
This is___range.It is ___ small range.
There is ___“s”in the wrd “bus”.
There is ____“h” and ____ "u" in the wrd “hur”.
My teacher give me ___useful bk.
I have ___ hur t d my hmewrk.
D yu have ___ umbrella. 10, She wear ___ unifrm.