高三 上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学紫竹校区2021-2022学年高三上学期开学考试英语试题（原卷版）

这是一份高三 上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学紫竹校区2021-2022学年高三上学期开学考试英语试题（原卷版），共9页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Sectin A
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passages cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
What t Say t A Rude Persn
Recently, as the British dctr Lrd Rbert Winstn tk a train frm Lndn t Manchester, he fund himself ____1____ (becme) steadily enraged. A wman had picked up her phne and begun a lud cnversatin, ____2____ wuld last an unbelievable hur. Furius, Winstn began t tweet abut the wman. He tk her picture and sent it t his mre than 40,000 fllwers.
When the train arrived at its destinatin, Winstn quickly gt ff fr he ____3____ (have) enugh f the wman's rudeness. But the press was nw waiting fr her n the platfrm. And when they gleefully shwed her the lrd's messages, she used just ne wrd t describe Winstn's actins: rude.
Winstn's tale is smething f a micrcsm f ur age f increasing rudeness, ____4____ (fuel) by scial media (and, ften, plitics). What can we d t fix this?
Studies have shwn that rudeness spreads quickly and virally, almst like the cmmn cld. Just witnessing makes it far mre likely that we in turn, will be rude later n. Once infected, we are mre aggressive, ____5____ (creative) and wrse at ur jbs. The nly way t end a strain is t make a cnscius decisin t d s. We must have the guts t call it ut, face t face. We must say, "Just stp." Fr Winstn, that ____6____ have meant appraching the wman, telling her that her cnversatin was frustrating ther passengers and plitely asking her t speak mre quietly r make the call at anther time.
The rage and injustice we feel at the rude behavir f a stranger can drive us t d dd things. In my wn research, surveying 2,000 adults, I discvered that the acts f revenge peple had taken ranged frm the ridiculus ("I rubbed fries n their wind—shield") t the disturbing ("I sabtaged them at wrk"). Winstn ____7____ shine a sptlight n the wman's behavir — but frm afar, in a way that shamed her.
We must instead cmbat rudeness head n. When we see it ccur in a stre, we must step up and say smething. If it happens t a clleague, we must pint it ut. We must defend strangers in the same way we'd defend ur best friends. But we can d it with grace, and by handling it ____8____ a trace f aggressin and rudeness. Because nce rude peple can see their actins thrugh the eyes f thers, they are far mre likely t end that strain____9____ _____10_____ this ride f rudeness rises, civilizatin needs civility.
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can nly be used nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Extreme cnditins prduce extremely tugh plants. The big difference between "drught—tlerant" plants and these tugh plants: metablism. Many different kinds f plants have develped tactics t weather dry spells. Sme plants ____11____ f water t see them thrugh a drught; thers send rts deep dwn t subsurface water supplies. But nce these plants use up their stred water r tap ut the undergrund supply, they cease grwing and start t die. They may be able t handle a drught f sme length, and many peple use the term "drught tlerant" t describe such plants, but they never actually stp needing t ____12____ water, s Farrant prefers t call them drught ____13____.
Resurrectin plants, defined as thse capable f recvering frm hlding less than 0.1 grams f water per gram f dry mass, are different. They lack water—string structures, and their existence n rck faces prevents them frm ____14____ grundwater, s they instead develped the ability t change their metablism. When they detect a/an ____15____ dry perid, they change their metablisms, prducing sugars and certain stress— ____16____ prteins and ther materials in their tissues. As the plant dries, these resurces take n first the ____17____ f hney, then rubber, and finally enter a glass—like state that is "the mst stable state that the plant can maintain," Farrant says. That ____18____ the plant's metablism and prtects its dried—ut tissues. The plants als change shape, shrinking t minimize the surface area thrugh which their remaining water might evaprate. They can recver frm mnths and years withut water, depending n the species.
What else can d this dry—ut—and—revive trick? Seeds—almst all f them. At the start f her career, Farrant studied seeds such as avcads(牛油果) , cffee and lychee(荔枝). Thugh ____19____, such seeds are delicate — they cannt bud and grw if they dry ut. Mst seeds can wait ut the dry, unwelcming seasns until cnditins are right and they sprut. Yet nce they start grwing, such plants seem nt t retain the ability t hit the _____20_____ buttn n metablism in their stems r leaves.
III. Reading Cmprehensins Sectin A
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage, there are fur wrds r phrases marked A、 B、C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
The mst imprtant day I remember in all my life is the ne n which my teacher, Anne Mansfield Sullivan, came t me. I am filled with wnder when I cnsider the immeasurable cntrasts between the tw lives which it cnnects. It was the third f March, 1887, three mnths befre I was seven years ld.
On the afternn f that eventful day, I std n the prch, dumb, ____21____. I guessed vaguely frm my mther's signs and frm the hurrying t and frm in the huse that smething unusual was abut t happen, s I went t the dr and waited n the steps. The afternn sun penetrated the mass f hneysuckle that cvered the prch, and fell n my upturned face. My fingers lingered almst ____22____ n the familiar leaves and blssms which had just ____23____ t greet the sweet suthern spring. I did nt knw what the future held f ____24____ r surprise fr me. Anger and bitterness had preyed upn me cntinually fr weeks and a deep langur(倦怠)had ____25____ this passinate struggle.
Have yu ever been at sea in a dense fg, when it seemed as if a tangible white darkness shut yu in, and the great ship, tense and anxius, grped her way tward the shre with plummet(铅锤) and sunding—line(测深索), and yu waited with beating heart fr smething t happen? I was like that ____26____ befre my educatin began, nly I was withut ____27____ r sunding—line, and had n way f knwing hw near the ____28____ was. "Light! Give me light!" was the wrdless cry f my sul, and the light f lve shne n me in that very hur.
I felt appraching ftsteps. I stretched ut my hand as I wuld t my mther. Smene ____29____ it, and I was caught up and held clse in the arms f her wh had cme t ____30____ all things t me, and mre than all things else, t lve me.
The mrning after my teacher came she led me int her rm and gave me a dll. The little blind children at the Perkins Institutin had sent it and Laura Bridgman had dressed it; but I did nt knw this until ____31____. When I had played with it a little while, Miss Sullivan slwly spelled int my hand the wrd "d——l—l." I was at nce interested in this finger play and tried t ____32____ it. When I finally succeeded in making the letters crrectly I ____33____ with childish pleasure and pride. Running dwnstairs t my mther I held up my hand and made the letters fr dll. I did nt knw that I was spelling a wrd r even that wrds existed; I was simply making my fingers g in mnkey—like imitatin. In the days that fllwed I learned t spell in this ____34____ way a great many wrds, amng them pin, hat, cup and a few verbs like sit, stand and walk. But my teacher had been with me several weeks befre I understd that everything has a ____35____.
21. A. hesitantB. reluctantC. expectantD. defendant
22. A. cnsequentlyB. uncnsciuslyC. deliberatelyD. simultaneusly
23. A. cme frthB. brught abutC. left behindD. hidden away
24. A. panicB. resultC. psitinD. marvel
25. A. succeededB. expsedC. inheritedD. demnstrated
26. A. fgB. shipC. shreD. plummet
27. A. cmpassinB. cmprmiseC. cmpassD. cmpanin
28. A. paradiseB. habitatC. residenceD. harbr
29. A. tkB. shkC. clungD. rescued
30. A. shareB. devteC. revealD. celebrate
31. A. befrehandB. backwardC. afterwardD. frward
32. A. illustrateB. exhibitC. guessD. imitate
33. A. flutteredB. flurishedC. flashedD. flushed
34. A. unrealisticB. uncmprehendingC. unsurmuntableD. unprductive
35. A. titleB. nameC. creditD. rle
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing tw passage. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
In the villages f the English cuntryside there are still peple wh remember the gd ld days when n ne bthered t lck their drs. There simply wasn't any crime t wrry abut.
Amazingly, these happy times appear still t be with us in the wrld’s biggest cmmunity. Anew study by Dan Farmer, a gifted prgrammer, using an autmated investigative prgram f his wn called SATAN, shws that the wners f well ver half f all Wrld Wide Web sites have setup hme withut fitting lcks t their drs.
SATAN can try ut a variety f well—knwn hacking tricks n an Internet site withut actually breaking in. Farmer has made prgram publicly available, amid much criticism. A persn with evil intent culd use it t hunt dwn sites that are easy t burgle.
But Farmer is very cncerned abut the need t alert the public t pr security and, s far, events have prved him right. SATAN has dne mre t alert peple t the risks than cause new disrder.
S is the Net becming mre secure? Far frm it. In the early days, when yu visited a Website yur brwser simply lked at the cntent. Nw the web is full f tiny prgrams that autmatically dwnlad when yu lk at a Web page, and run n yur wn machine. These prgrams culd, if their authrs wished, d all kinds f nasty things t yur cmputer.
At the same time, the Net is increasingly ppulated with spiders, wrms, agents, and ther types f autmated beasts designed t penetrate the sites and seek ut and classify infrmatin. All these make wnderful tls fr antiscial peple wh want t invade weak sites and cause damage.
But let’s lk n the bright side. Given the lack f lcks, the Internet is surely the wrld's biggest (almst) crime—free sciety. Maybe that is because hackers are fundamentally hnest. Or that there currently isn't much t steal. Or because vandalism(蓄意破坏) isn't much fun unless yu have a peculiar dislike fr smene.
Whatever the reasn, let’s enjy it while we can. But expect it all t change, and security t becme the number ne issue, when the mst influential inhabitants f the Net are selling services they want t be paid fr.
36. By saying “ f well ver half f all Wrld Wide Web sites have set up hme withut fitting lcks t their drs” (Lines 3—4, Para. 2), the authr means that________.
A. thse happy times appear still t be with us
B. there simply wasn’t any crime t wrry abut
C. many sites are nt well prtected
D. hackers try ut tricks n an Internet site withut actually breaking in
37. SATAN, a prgram designed by Dan Farmer, can be used________.
A. t investigate the security f Internet sites
B. t imprve the security f the Internet system
C. t prevent hackers frm breaking int websites
D. t dwnlad useful prgrams and infrmatin
38. Farmer’s prgram has been criticized by the public because________.
A. it causes damage t Net brwsers
B. it can break int Internet sites
C. it can be used t cause disrder n all sites
D. it can be used by peple with evil intent
39. The authr suggests in the last paragraph that________.
A. we shuld make full use f the Internet befre security measures are strengthened
B. we shuld alert the mst influential businessmen t the imprtance f guaranteeing quality f their services
C. influential businessmen shuld give pririty t the imprvement f Net security
D. net inhabitants shuld nt let security measures affect their jy f surfing the Internet
(B)
The glbal energy crisis is appraching. What can we d? Here are sme steps yu can take.
Cling puts the greatest stress n yur summer energy bill and the pwer grid. Just as a tune-up fr yur car can imprve yur gas mileage, a yearly tune-up f yur heating and cling system can imprve efficiency and cmfrt. Clean r replace filter mnthly r as needed.
Fr central air cnditining systems and rm air cnditiners, lk fr the ENERGY STAR, the federal gvernment’s symbl fr energy efficiency. Fr central air, purchase the system with the highest pssible Seasnal Energy Efficiency Rati. (SEER)
Use energy efficient ceiling fans either alne r with air cnditining. Ceiling fans d a great jb f circulating air. When used with air cnditining, fans allw yu t raise the thermstat and cut csts. Ceiling fans cl peple, nt rms, s befre yu leave, turn ff the ceiling fan.
Let a prgrammable thermstat “remember fr yu” t autmatically adjust the indr climate with yur daily and weekend patterns t reduce cling bills by up t 10 percent. Yu can cme hme t a cmfrtable huse withut wasting energy and creating pllutin all day while yu are at wrk.
Try t make yur hme airtight enugh t increase yur cmfrt, make yur hme quieter and cleaner and reduce yur cling csts up t 20 percent.
Cut yur air cnditining lad, and reduce pllutin by planting leafy trees arund yur hme and fixing reflective bricks n yur rf.
Clse blinds r shades n suth-and west-facing windws during the day, r fix shading equipment t avid heat build-up.
Turn ff everything nt in use: lights, TVs, cmputers. And use flurescent bulbs, which prvide bright, warm light while using at least tw-thirds less energy, prducing 70 percent less heat and lasting up t 10 times lnger than incandescent bulbs.
Drive the car that gets better gas mileage whenever pssible if yu wn mre than ne vehicle. If yu drive 12,500 miles a year, switching 10 percent f yur trips frm a car that gets 20 miles per galln t ne that gets 30 mpg will save yu mre than £65 per year.
Carpl. The average U.S. cmmuter culd save abut £260 a year by sharing cars twice a week with tw ther peple in a car that gets 20.1 mpg-assuming the three passengers share the cst f gas.
40. Accrding t the passage the thermstat is used t ________.
A. make rms quieterB. cntrl rm temperature
C. turn ff the air cnditinerD. reduce rm air pllutin
41. We can cnclude frm the passage that the authr prbably discurages _________.
A. planting leafy trees arund yur hme
B. turning ff the ceiling fan befre yu leave yur huse
C. keeping yur suth-facing windws pen during the day
D. using flurescent bulbs instead f incandescent bulbs
42. Accrding t the passage, yu can save fuel by _______.
A. using energy-efficient ceiling fans
B. sharing cars with thers n wrkdays
C. turning ff everything nt in use
D. reducing 10% f yur car trips every year
(C)
Discveries in science and technlgy are thught by “untaught minds” t cme in blinding flashes r as the result f dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did nt, as legend wuld have it, lk at the mld (霉) n a piece f cheese and get the idea fr penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances fr nine years befre he made his discvery. Inventins and innvatins almst always cme ut f tugh trial and errr. Innvatin is like sccer; even the best players miss the gal and have their shts blcked much mre frequently than they scre.
The pint is that the players wh scre mst are the nes wh take mst shts at the gal—and s it ges with innvatin in any field f activity. The prime difference between innvatin and thers is ne f apprach. Everybdy gets ideas, but innvatrs wrk cnsciusly n theirs, and they fllw them thrugh until they prve practicable r therwise. What rdinary peple see as fanciful abstractins, prfessinal innvatrs see as slid pssibilities.
“Creative thinking may mean simply the realizatin that there’s n particular gdness in ding things the way they have always been dne.” Wrte Rudlph Flesch, a language authrity. This accunts fr ur reactin t seemingly simple innvatins like plastic garbage bags and suitcases n wheels that make life mre cnvenient: “Hw cme nbdy thught f that befre?”
The creative apprach begins with the prpsal that nthing be as it appears. Innvatrs will nt accept that there is nly ne way t d anything. Faced with getting frm A t B, the average persn will autmatically set ut n the best-knwn and apparently simplest rute. The innvatr will search fr alternate curses, which may prve easier in the lng run and are sure t be mre interesting and challenging even if they lead t dead ends. Highly creative individuals really d march t a different drummer.
43 What des the authr prbably mean by “untaught mind” in the first paragraph?
A. An individual wh ften cmes up with new ideas by accident.
B. A persn wh has had n educatin.
C. A citizen f a sciety that restricts persnal creativity.
D. A persn ignrant f the hard wrk invlved in experimentatin.
44. Accrding t the authr, what differs innvatrs frm nn-innvatrs?
A. The way they present their findings.B. The way they deal with prblems.
C. The intelligence they pssess.D. The variety f ideas they have.
45. The phrase “march t a different drummer” (the last line f the passage) suggests that highly creative individuals are ________.
A. unwilling t fllw cmmn ways f ding things
B. diligent in pursuing their gals
C. cncerned abut the advance f sciety
D. devted t the prgress f science
46 The mst suitable title fr this passage might be ________.
A. The Relatin Between Creatin and Diligence
B. T Be a Creative Expert in the Study f Human Creativity
C. What Are S Special abut Creative Individuals
D. Discveries and Innvatin
Sectin C
Directins: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a prper sentence given in the bx. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences than yu need.
Althugh many cmpanies ffer tuitin reimbursement(偿付) mst cmpanies reimburse emplyees nly fr classes that are relevant t their psitins. ____47____ A cmpany that reimburses emplyees fr all cllege credit curses — whether jb related r nt —ffers a service nt nly t the emplyees, but t the entire cmpany.
One gd reasn fr giving emplyees uncnditinal tuitin reimbursement is that it shws the cmpany's dedicatin t its emplyees and it is imprtant fr a cmpany t demnstrate t its emplyees that it cares. The best way t d this is t make investments in them.
____48____ A cmpany that puts ut funds t pay fr the educatin f its emplyees will get its mney back by having emplyees stay with the cmpany lnger. It will reduce emply turnver, because even emplyees wh dn't take advantage f tuitin reimbursement prgrams will be mre devted t their cmpany, just knwing that their cmpany cares enugh t pay fr their educatin.
Althugh cmpanies d indeed run the risk f lsing mney n emplyees, wh g n t anther jb in a different cmpany as sn as they get their degree, mre ften than nt, the emplyees will stay with the cmpany. ____49____ Thus, thrughut thse years. the emplyer will have a mre sphisticated, mre intelligent, and therefre mre valuable and prductive emplyee. And, if the emplyee stays, that educatin will dubly benefit the cmpany: Nt nly is the emplyee mre educated, but nw that emplyee can be prmted s the cmpany desn't have t full a high—level vacancy frm the utside. ____50____
Thugh uncnditinal tuitin reimbursement requires a significant investment n the emplyer's part, it is perhaps ne f the wisest investments a cmpany can make.
A. In this way, cmpanies will have mre prductive emplyees.
B. In tday's ecnmy, jb security is a thing f the past and emplyees feel mre and mre expendable.
C. In return, this dedicatin t the betterment f emplyees will create greater lyalty.
D. This is indeed a very limiting plicy.
E. Even if emplyees d leave, it generally takes several years t cmplete any degree prgram.
F. Open psitins can be assigned t peple wh already knw the cmpany well.
IV. Reading and Writing
51. Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main pint(s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible. Write yur answer n the answer sheet.
Are yur children getting n yur last nerve? Did a cwrker's cmment rub yu the wrng way? There's n need t plug the steam cming ut f yur ears. In fact, science nw gives yu full permissin t release thse emtins; yu might actually be happier fr it. If that seems cunter—intuitive(违反直觉的), hear us ut. A new study suggests that peple tend t be happier if they can feel and express emtins as they want. That ges fr unpleasant emtins like anger and hatred, t.
An internatinal team f researchers recruited 2,300 university students frm the United States, Brazil, China, Germany, Ghana, Israel, Pland, and Singapre. They then asked the participants t tell them which emtins they desired and which nes they actually felt, and then cmpared thse respnses t hw the participants rated their verall happiness r life satisfactin.
The results shwed an interesting trend. While participants wanted t experience mre pleasant emtins, they reprted higher life satisfactin if the emtins they experienced matched thse they desired. Mre surprising still, 11 percent f peple wanted t feel less f psitive emtins, such as lve and empathy, and 10 percent f peple wanted t feel mre negative emtins, such as hatred and anger.
At first glance, these result might seem cnfusing. But there's a simple explanatin, accrding t the study's authrs. Happiness is "mre than simply feeling pleasure and aviding pain," they write. It is als learning t release negative emtins when yu feel them, instead f ignring them r bttling them up.
"If yu feel emtins yu want t feel, even if they're unpleasant, then yu're better ff," lead researcher Dr Maya Tamir frm The Hebrew University f Jerusalem tld the BBC News website. 71
V. Translatin
Directins: Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets.
52. 我们有必要确认小区每个来访者的身份。（necessary）（汉译英）
53. 这位刚毕业的年轻老师特别热爱这份工作，不断地追求卓越，所以同事们都寄予他厚望。（pursue）(汉译英）
54. 该车成功地将艺术与技术融为一体，自投放市场以来，需求量一直很大。(Having ...) （汉译英）
55. 获得粉丝大量点赞后他感慨万千，回想起创业之初经历的种种磨难，他不禁失声痛哭。（can't help）(汉译英)
VI. Guided Writing
56. Directins: Write an English cmpsitin in 120-150 wrds accrding t the instructins given belw in Chinese.
你是明启中学高三学生李华，你校门口一家老字号面馆（time-hnred ndle restaurant）因上涨的租金和周边快餐店的竞争，面临关门的窘境。该面馆登报求助。请给该面馆写读者回信，信中必须包括：
1. 阐述保护中华老字号（time-hnred Chinese brands）的意义；
2. 向该面馆提出改进的建议。
（信中不得出现考生姓名，学校等真实信息）

A. extended B. tasty C. reserve D. resistant E. pause F. cnsume
G slws H. supplies I. assciated J. prperties K. tapping