人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Welcome unit学案设计
展开姓名: _________ 班级: ____________
1. T master the basic cmpnents f a sentence such as subject, bject, predicative etc
2. T master the basic useful structures such as the SVO, SVP,SVOC etc
T analyze the structures f a sentence.
T analyze the cmpnents f a sentence.
本节语法思考:常见的句子成分有哪些?常见的基本句子结构有哪些?
1.句子的基本成分:
2.简单句的几大基本句型结构:
第一部分:句子成分
一个句子一般由两部分构成:即________部分和________部分,这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。 句子的次要成分包括________,________,________,________等。
1)主语(S):是一句的主体,是全句述说的对象,常用名词,数词或代词担任,一般放于________。如:
Students study. (学生学习。)
We are friends.(我们是朋友)
这两句话中单词students是个名词,we是代词,它们在句中做________。
2)谓语(V) :是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词( vt. 及物动词 / vi. 不及物动词)或者动词词组担任,放在主语的________。如:
Students study. (学生学习。)
We are friends. (我们是朋友)
这两句话中单词________和________都是动词,________叫做实意动词,________叫做be动词,它们在句中作________。
3)宾语(O):表示行为的对象,常由名词或者代词担任。放在________或者________之后。如:
I play with him. (我和他一起玩。)
4)定语:是用来说明或者限制名词的成分,常用形容词或者相当于形容词的________或________担任。形容词放在名词________,相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的________。如:
This is a red sun.
He is a tall by.
5)状语是用来说明________,________,________或________的成分。常由副词担任。修饰动词时可以放在动词之前,也可以放在动词之后;修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前。如:
The students study hard.
I ften write t him.
The bag is t heavy.
6)表语:用来说明主语的性质或状态。一般由________或者________担任。如:
English is nt easy.
We are family.
7)宾语补足语:英语中有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思,还必须在宾语的后面加上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语+宾语补足语”称为复合宾语。复合宾语表达的意思相当于一个句子的意思。
划出下列句子的宾语补足语,并指出是什么成分作宾语补足语。
1. We called him Dngming.
2. We saw him playing sccer.
3. We saw him play sccer.
4 .We fund math difficult.
5. Mm makes me study all day.
※宾语补足语和双宾语的区别:
双宾语就是有些动词后面跟直接宾语和间接宾语. 直接宾语指的是动词所涉及的________,间接宾语是指受益于动词所表示的行为的________.
例如: They gave him a watch.
这里的him 是________, a watch 是________, 这种间接宾语和直接宾语同时出现的情况叫双宾语.
在英语中,有些动词接了一个宾语后句子意思仍不完整,还需要再加上一个词或短语放在宾语之后来补充说明其身份、特征、状态或所做的动作,这种“宾语+宾语补足语”结构称为复合宾语.
We call him Jack . 我们叫他杰克。
这里him 是宾语, Jack 是宾语补足语
They appinted him chairman. 他们任命他为主席.
这里的him是宾语, chairman 是宾语补足语.
划出下列句子的直接宾语和间接宾语:
He read us the text.
My sister wrte me a letter.
Henry teaches us English.
My mther bught me a watch.
Her mther made her a cake.
Wuld yu fetch me sme chalk?
I’ll rder yu a new dictinary.
H e fund Tm a tax.
第二部分:简单句的基本结构
简单句一般有哪些基本结构?
英语句子长短简繁不一,但可以归纳成五种基本句型:
基本句型一:S +V (主+谓)
基本句型二:S +V +P (主+谓/系+表)
基本句型三:S +V +O (主+谓+宾)
基本句型四: S +V +InO +DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)
基本句型五: S +V +O +OC(主+谓+宾+宾补)
基本句型 一
S(subject) +V(verb)(主+谓)
特点:句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做_____________,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
e.g. His wrds wrks.
将下列句子的主语和谓语动词填入表格中。
1. Time flies.
2. The mn rse.
3. The man cked.
4. We all eat, and drink.
5. Everybdy laughed.
6. I wke.
7. They talked fr half an hur.
8. He walked yesterday
(主语+不及物动词)扩展和修饰:
The by spke ludly t his teacher. VAd主谓状
He spke in a lw vice. SVAd主谓状
He talked t much. SVAd主谓状
划出下列句子的主谓状结构
1.She went hme very late yesterday evening.
2.The meeting will last tw hurs.
基本句型 二
S +V +O(主+谓+宾)
特点:谓语动词都是实义动词,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。 这类动词叫做____________。
e.g. We like the mvie.
主 谓 宾
a)标注以下句子的主谓宾分别是什么?
Wh knws the answer?
She laughs at her.
He understands English.
He made cakes.
They ate sme apples.
Danny likes dgs.
I want t have a cup f tea.
He said "Gd mrning."
b) 划出下列句子的宾语
1. Tm made a hle in the wall.
2. I dn’t knw if he can cme tmrrw.
3. They haven’t decided where t g next.
4. She stpped teaching English tw years ag.
5. It tk them ten years t build the dam.
6. Mther prmises t give me a present.
1.做宾语的成分常见的有哪些?
2.划出下列句子的宾语。
1.I dn’t knw this girl.
2 .He refused t supprt us.
3 Please express yurself in yur wn wrds.
4.We managed t put the fire ut.
5 She avided answering them.
6. She fund that she wrng.
7. I dn’t knw what t d with it.
(主语+及物动词+宾语)扩展和修饰
I frgt t mail the letter yesterday. (SVOAd主谓宾状)
Unfrtunately, I frgt t mail the letter yesterday. (SVOAd主谓宾状)
I had my first maths class in senir high schl. (SVOAd主谓宾状)
基本句型 三
S +V +P(主+系+表)
特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思, 必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做(连)系动词。
系动词可分四类:
1)be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用,后可接动词外的任何词;
2)感官动词类 lk, feel, smell, taste, sund等 +adj.
3)表示变化:get, grw, becme, turn, g等
4)表示状态延续:stay, keep, prve, remain, 等
划出下列句子主系表结构:
1.This is an English dictinary.
2.This is an English dictinary.
3.Everything lks different.
4.The weather becmes cler.
基本句型 四
S +V +InO +DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)
特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者。 通常可改为 S +V+DO+prep.+InO
e.g. She gave me an apple. =She gave an apple t me.
S V (Vt.) InO DO
S +V +InO +DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾):
She passed him a new dress.
Jhn tld me his idea.
说明:此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语(人) +直接宾语(事物)”组成。如: He brings me ckies every day.
常跟双宾语的动词有:(需借助t的)bring, give, lend, hand, ffer, pass, pay, prmise, return, send, shw, teach, tell, write, ask等;
翻译下列句子,并划分句子结构。
1.Jhnsn 先生去年教我们德语。
2.奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。
3.请把那本字典递给我好吗?
4.他把车票给列车员看。
基本句型 五
S +V +O +OC(主+谓+宾+宾补)
特点:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。 判断原则:能表达成—宾语 是…/做…
e.g. We made him the manager.
S v O OC
说明: 此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系,若无宾语补足语,则句意不够完整。
可以用做宾补的有:名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,动词不定式,分词等。如:
The sun keeps us warm.
I heard him singing.
Yu must get yur hair cut.
They made Tm mnitr.
He used t d his hmewrk with his radi n.
用 it 做形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面,以使句子结构平衡,是英语常用的句型结构方式。即:主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如:
I fund it very pleasant t be with yur family.
翻译句子。
1.我们叫她Alice.
2.我们大家都认为他是诚实的。
3.他们把小偷释放了。
4.我要你把真相告诉我。
5 .卫兵命令我们立即离开。
6. 每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。
7.他每个月理一次发
8.我们不会让她在晚上外出的。
【答案】
1.句子的基本成分:
Subject Verb Object Predicative Adverbial direct bject indirect bject
bject cmplement
2.简单句的几大基本句型结构:
SV SVO SVP SVIODO SVOOC SVAd SVOAd
There be……
第一部分:句子成分
主语部分和谓语部分;宾语,定语,状语,表语等。
1) 句首;主语
2)后面; study; are,study;are谓语。
3)及物动词;介词
4)短语;从句;之前,;后面
5)动词,形容词,副词或整个句子
6)名词;形容词
7) 1 Dngming.(名词)
2 playing sccer. (现在分词)
3 play sccer. (省t不定式)
4 difficult.(形容词)
5 study all day. (省t不定式)
※宾语补足语和双宾语的区别:
物;人;间接宾语, 直接宾语,
红色部分为IO;蓝色部分为DO
He read us the text.
My sister wrte me a letter.
Henry teaches us English.
My mther bught me a watch.
Her mther made her a cake.
Wuld yu fetch me sme chalk?
I’ll rder yu a new dictinary.
H e fund Tm a tax.
第二部分: 句子结构
基本句型 一
不及物动词
划出下列句子的主谓状成分
1.She went hme very late yesterday evening.
主 谓 状
2.The meeting will last tw hurs.
主 谓 状
基本句型二
及物动词
a)
b)
1. Tm made a hle in the wall.
2. I dn’t knw if he can cme tmrrw.
3. They haven’t decided where t g next.
4. She stpped teaching English tw years ag.
5. It tk them ten years t build the dam.
6. Mther prmises t give me a present.
1名词 I dn’t knw this girl.
2 代词 He refused t supprt us.
3 反身代词 Please express yurself in yur wn wrds.
4 不定式 We managed t put the fire ut.
5 动名词 She avided answering them.
6从句 She fund that she wrng.
7wh-词 + t d I dn’t knw what t d with it.
基本句型 三
划出下列句子主系表结构:
1.This is an English dictinary.
S V (link--V.) P
2.This is an English dictinary.
S V (link--V.) P
3.Everything lks different.
S V (link--V.) P
4.The weather becmes cler.
S V (link--V.) P
基本句型四
Mr Jhnsn taught us German last year.
Grandma tld me an interesting stry last night.
Wuld yu please pass me the dictinary?
He shwed the ticket t the cnductr.
基本句型五
1. We call her Alice.
2. We all cnsider him t be hnest.
3. They have set the thief free.
4. I want yu t tell me the truth.
5. The guards rdered us t leave at nce.
6. Every mrning we hear him read English alud.
7. He has his hair cut nce a mnth.
8. We wn’t let her g ut at night.
S
V
S
V
1. Time
2. The mn
3. The man
4. We all
5. Everybdy
6. I
7. They
8. He
flies.
rse.
cked.
eat, and drink.
laughed?
wke.
talked fr half an hur.
walked yesterday
S
V(实义动词)
O(宾语)
1. Wh
2. She
3. He
8. He
5. They
6. Danny
7. I
4. He
knws
laughed at
understands
made
ate
likes
want
said
the answer?
her.
English.
cakes.
sme apples.
dgs.
t have a cup f tea.
"Gd mrning."
高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 3 The internet导学案: 这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 3 The internet导学案,共4页。
人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 3 The internet学案设计: 这是一份人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 3 The internet学案设计,共9页。学案主要包含了重点单词,重要语言点,单句语法填空,语法填空等内容,欢迎下载使用。
人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 3 Sports and fitness学案设计: 这是一份人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 3 Sports and fitness学案设计,共6页。学案主要包含了学习目标,学习重难点,学习过程等内容,欢迎下载使用。